A vacuum isothermal forging method for TiAl alloy blades based on hot die replacement technology

Abstract

This disclosure relates to a method for vacuum isothermal forging of TiAl alloy blades based on hot-dip forging technology, comprising: preparing TiAl alloy bars as blanks; dividing the mold into a first mold, ..., an Nth mold; preheating the first mold under vacuum in a first forging chamber; vacuum heat-treating the blank in a heat treatment chamber and then vacuum transferring it to the first mold for the first operation; after the first operation, vacuum transferring the blank to a heat treatment chamber for heat preservation; preheating the second mold under vacuum in a second forging chamber; vacuum transferring the preheated blank to the second mold for the second operation; after the operation is completed: if N=2, proceed to the next step; otherwise, vacuum transfer the blank to the heat treatment chamber for heat preservation; the mold for the next operation is vacuum preheated in a forging chamber other than the forging chamber where the current operation took place; the preheated blank is vacuum transferred to the mold for the next operation for the next operation, and so on, until the Nth vacuum forging is completed. This disclosure achieves a short-process, low-cost, and high-efficiency preparation of TiAl alloy blades.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of TiAl alloy blade technology, and in particular to a method for vacuum isothermal forging of TiAl alloy blades based on hot die changing technology. Background Technology

[0002] Vacuum isothermal forging equipment provides a favorable vacuum operating environment, ensuring that TiAl alloys are processed under vacuum isothermal forging conditions, thus isolating oxidation from the alloy processing. CN119501499A and CN119426505 propose a path for processing TiAl blades using pre-cast blanks / precision casting-annealing heat treatment-vacuum isothermal forging-heat treatment-blade processing, but this process requires high-quality blank preparation, precision casting, and multiple machines working together. CN119426505 proposes using hot extrusion and vacuum isothermal forging to prepare TiAl alloy discs. However, hot extrusion requires cladding, resulting in high blank preparation costs, long production cycles, low yields, and uncontrollable oxidation. CN109622867A uses rapid forging-die forging to prepare isothermally forged titanium alloy discs, but the modified forging process requires considerable experience and on-site operational coordination.

[0003] Current vacuum isothermal forging of high-temperature alloy products relies on manual experience and requires the cooperation of multiple machines, resulting in a long processing flow and low product quality control. At the same time, if a single large deformation is used, it is difficult to accurately control the microstructure, which may lead to product defects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this disclosure provides a vacuum isothermal forging method for TiAl alloy blades based on hot die changing technology, which realizes a short-process, low-cost, and high-efficiency integrated forging and heating vacuum preparation of TiAl alloy blades, and has important scientific significance and commercial value.

[0005] This disclosure is achieved through the following technical solution: a method for vacuum isothermal forging of TiAl alloy blades based on hot die-changing technology, comprising: S1: preparing TiAl alloy bars as blanks; preparing dies, dividing the dies into a first die, ..., an Nth die according to the vacuum forging operation sequence, where N≥2; S2: the first die is preheated in a vacuum chamber; the blank is subjected to vacuum heat treatment in a heat treatment chamber; S3: the heat-treated blank is transferred to the first die in a vacuum environment, and the first operation is performed in the first forging chamber. After completion, the blank is transferred to the heat treatment chamber in a vacuum environment for heat preservation; simultaneously, the second forging chamber is subjected to the second operation. S4: The preheated blank is transferred to the preheated second mold under vacuum and the second forging chamber is used for the second operation. After this operation is completed: if N=2, proceed to S5; otherwise: the blank is transferred to the heat treatment chamber under vacuum for heat preservation. The mold for the next operation is preheated under vacuum in a forging chamber other than the forging chamber where this operation was performed. The preheated blank is transferred to the mold for the next operation under vacuum for the next operation. This cycle continues until the Nth vacuum forging is completed. S5: The blank is demolded in situ and subjected to vacuum heat treatment. After obtaining the forged blade, it is machined to obtain the finished blade.

[0006] Furthermore, in S1, the solidification path of the TiAl alloy bar includes the β phase region and the α single-phase region with a temperature range of ≥30℃; in S2, the heat treatment temperature is set to 1000-1200℃ and the heat treatment time is 1.5-5h.

[0007] Furthermore, in S3 and S4, the first N-1 operations are rough forging operations, with the temperature difference between the rough forging die and the billet not exceeding 20℃, and the billet strain rate ≥0.1s-1; after the N-1th operation, the billet deformation is ≤50%; after the N-1th operation, the billet is held in the heat treatment chamber for 2-10 hours to obtain a bimodal microstructure with a grain size of 5-100μm, of which 20% ≤ γ phase volume fraction ≤70%; the Nth operation is a precision forging operation, with the operating temperature being the temperature in the α single-phase region, the deformation rate being 0.005-0.1s-1, and the billet deformation being ≥70%.

[0008] Furthermore, in S5, the vacuum heat treatment temperature is the same as the precision forging temperature, and the time is 5 to 30 minutes, resulting in a full-layer microstructure of precision forged blades of no more than 350 μm; the machining process is milling-polishing, with a milling amount of no more than 0.5 to 1 mm.

[0009] Furthermore, in S1, the shape and size parameters of the TiAl alloy rod are obtained through finite element simulation or digital twin technology, and the TiAl alloy rod is prepared according to the shape and size parameters by casting, powder metallurgy or 3D printing.

[0010] Furthermore, by employing a hot-state robotic vacuum transfer method, the transfer time from the heat treatment chamber to any forging chamber is ≤30s.

[0011] Furthermore, the hot vacuum degree of the heat treatment chamber and any forging chamber is no greater than 6×10-3 Pa.

[0012] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this disclosure are:

[0013] 1. This disclosure is based on a hot mold-changing process, which can prepare precision TiAl alloy blades with specific microstructures. It realizes the precise preparation of blades with specific microstructures in a short process, breaks the existing process technology that requires multiple machines to form accurately, solves the problem of preparing materials that are easily oxidized at high temperatures, and uses at least two sets of molds and at least two deformations of the billet to achieve the purpose of precise control of microstructure. Moreover, it has no restrictions on the original billet, saves materials, and improves work efficiency.

[0014] 2. This disclosure achieves the preparation of rough billets and the in-situ preparation of fine billets through rough forging and fine forging operations, as well as the purpose of multi-mold collaboration, thereby shortening the preparation cycle.

[0015] 3. This disclosure uses finite element simulation or digital twin technology to obtain the shape and size parameters of TiAl alloy bars, and uses casting, powder metallurgy, and 3D printing to prepare TiAl alloy bars according to the shape and size parameters, further ensuring the deformation amount of each forging operation and guaranteeing the precision of the finished blades.

[0016] 4. This disclosure uses a hot-state robotic arm for vacuum transfer. The transfer time of the billet from the heat treatment chamber to any forging chamber is no more than 30 seconds. Rapid transfer can minimize the temperature change of the billet, avoid uneven material structure or performance degradation caused by temperature fluctuations, and ensure the process stability of isothermal forging. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 The microstructure of the sample after rough forging and heat treatment is shown (γ volume fraction is 35.5%, and average grain size is 35±5μm).

[0018] Figure 2 This is a microstructure diagram of the sample after precision forging (average grain size is 150±7μm). Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0020] This disclosure provides a method for vacuum isothermal forging of TiAl alloy blades based on hot mold changing technology. The hot mold changing technology refers to the function of automatically changing molds in a hot vacuum environment. Vacuum isothermal forging equipment with hot mold changing technology already exists. This equipment has a vacuum transfer channel, a heat treatment chamber, and two or more forging chambers. The heat treatment chamber is connected to the vacuum transfer channel, which is used for transferring materials in a vacuum environment. Each forging chamber can independently heat and cool the mold and can be connected to the vacuum transfer channel (only one forging chamber is connected to the heat treatment chamber through the vacuum transfer channel in each forging operation). After the forging chamber connected to the vacuum transfer channel completes forging, the forging chamber is disconnected from the vacuum transfer channel and replaced by another forging chamber that has preheated its internal mold and is connected to the vacuum transfer channel. This realizes mold replacement under vacuum and high temperature conditions, and the mold replacement time is controllable.

[0021] The method provided in this disclosure includes the following steps:

[0022] S1: Prepare TiAl alloy rods as billets; prepare molds, dividing them into first mold, ..., Nth mold according to the vacuum forging operation sequence, where N≥2. The solidification path of the TiAl alloy rods includes the β phase region and the α single-phase region with a temperature range ≥30℃.

[0023] In practice, in step S1, the shape and size parameters of the TiAl alloy rod and the mold are obtained through finite element simulation or digital twin technology. The TiAl alloy rod and the corresponding mold are then prepared according to these parameters using casting, powder metallurgy, or 3D printing. The composition of the billet alloy is not critical, as long as its solidification path includes the β phase region and the α single-phase region with a temperature range ≥30℃. The number of molds is determined by the alloy's hot working characteristics, the initial billet size, the final blade shape, the total deformation from billet to blade, and the designed process route; at least two sets of molds are required.

[0024] S2: Install the first mold in any forging chamber, designating it as the first forging chamber. Connect the first forging chamber to the vacuum transfer channel, and then preheat the first mold under vacuum in the first forging chamber. Place the billet in the heat treatment chamber and perform vacuum heat treatment on the billet in the heat treatment chamber. Set the heat treatment temperature to 1000-1200℃ and the heat treatment time to 1.5-5h.

[0025] The second mold is installed in a separate forging chamber, which is then designated as the second forging chamber, and awaits vacuum preheating.

[0026] S3: The heat-treated billet is transferred to the first forging chamber via the vacuum transfer channel, placed in the first mold, and subjected to the first vacuum forging operation in the first forging chamber. After the first vacuum forging operation is completed, the billet is transferred to the heat treatment chamber via the vacuum transfer channel for heat preservation. The first forging chamber is then separated from the vacuum transfer channel and moved to another station for cooling.

[0027] In this step, the second mold is vacuum preheated in the second forging chamber, and the preheated second forging chamber is connected to the vacuum transfer channel. The start time for vacuum preheating of the second mold is determined based on the time required for vacuum preheating to the set temperature, the time of the first vacuum forging operation, and the holding time. This ensures that preheating is completed before the holding time is finished, and that the connection between the second forging chamber and the vacuum transfer channel is completed.

[0028] S4: The heat-insulated billet is transferred to the second forging chamber via a vacuum transfer channel and placed into the preheated second mold for a second vacuum forging operation; after the second vacuum forging operation is completed:

[0029] If N=2, proceed to S5, which means that all dies have completed the forging operation in S4, and proceed to the next step.

[0030] Otherwise (N>2): The billet completed in this operation will be transferred to the heat treatment chamber for heat preservation via the vacuum transfer channel, and the forging chamber where this operation is located will be separated from the vacuum transfer channel and moved to other workstations for cooling;

[0031] During this vacuum forging operation and heat preservation process, the mold for the next operation is preheated in a forging chamber other than the forging chamber where the current operation is located. For example, the third mold is installed in any forging chamber other than the second forging chamber and is preheated in a vacuum. The specific operation is the same as in S3. The billet after heat preservation is transferred through the vacuum transfer channel to the mold for the next operation after preheating for the next operation. This cycle continues until the Nth vacuum forging is completed.

[0032] In practice, the first N-1 operations are rough forging operations, with the temperature difference between the rough forging die and the billet not exceeding 20℃, and the billet strain rate ≥0.1. s-1 After the (N-1)th operation, the deformation of the billet shall be ≤50%. If N=2, the operation performed using the first die shall be a rough forging operation; if N=3, the operations performed using both the first and second dies shall be rough forging operations. The deformation of each rough forging operation shall not be required, only that the total deformation after the (N-1)th rough forging operation shall not exceed 50%.

[0033] After the N-1th operation, i.e., after rough forging, the billet is held in the heat treatment chamber for 2-10 hours to obtain a bimodal microstructure with a grain size of 5-100 μm, of which 20% ≤ γ phase volume fraction ≤ 70%. Figure 1 As shown. Preferably, the above-mentioned bimodal structure can be obtained after one rough forging and heat holding.

[0034] The Nth operation is a precision forging operation, meaning the final operation is a precision forging operation. The precision forging temperature is the temperature in the α single-phase region, and the deformation rate is 0.005-0.1 s⁻¹. -1 The deformation of the billet is ≥70%.

[0035] S5: After the Nth vacuum forging, no further transfer is required. The die is removed in situ (within the forging chamber where the Nth die is located) and subjected to vacuum heat treatment. The vacuum heat treatment temperature is the same as the precision forging temperature, and the time is 5–30 minutes. The resulting precision forged blade has a full-layer microstructure of no more than 350 μm. Figure 2 As shown. Subsequently, the precision forged blades are machined to obtain finished blades. The machining process is milling-polishing, and the milling amount is no more than 0.5-1mm.

[0036] In practice, a hot-state robotic arm is used for vacuum transfer in the vacuum channel. The transfer time of the billet from the heat treatment chamber to any forging chamber is no more than 30 seconds. Rapid transfer can minimize the temperature change of the billet, avoid uneven material structure or performance degradation caused by temperature fluctuations, and ensure the process stability of isothermal forging.

[0037] The hot vacuum degree of the heat treatment chamber and any forging chamber shall not exceed 6 × 10⁻⁶. -3 Pa. A high vacuum environment can effectively prevent oxidation, decarburization, or contamination of the billet surface, ensuring material purity, while reducing the impact of gas heat conduction on temperature uniformity, and improving forging precision and finished product quality.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] The dimensions of the forging billet were optimized using DEFORM finite element analysis (or digital twin), and TiAl alloy bars with specific shapes and dimensions were prepared by casting. The alloy composition was Ti-44.7Al-4Nb-0.4Mo-0.07B, and the solidification path was found to meet the requirements, with the α single-phase region >30℃. The dies were rough forging dies and finish forging dies.

[0040] In the vacuum preheating process of the heat treatment chamber, the heat treatment temperature is set to 1000℃ and the heat treatment time is 1.5h. The rough forging chamber where the rough forging die is located is connected to the vacuum transfer channel, and the rough forging die is preheated. In a vacuum environment, a hot-state robot is used to transfer the billet from the heat treatment chamber to the rough forging chamber. The billet is placed into the rough forging die, and the transfer time is about 25s.

[0041] Vacuum isothermal forging of rough billets was performed in the rough forging chamber, with a forging deformation of 30% and a strain rate of 0.1 s⁻¹. -1The temperature difference between the upper and lower dies and the billet is 10℃ (the dies can be made of N3, which refers to a nickel-based superalloy). After rough forging, the billet is vacuum-transferred to the heat treatment chamber and held at that temperature. During rough forging and holding, the precision forging die is placed in the precision forging chamber for preheating. The holding temperature is 1000℃, and the holding time is 5 hours, resulting in a bimodal microstructure with a grain size of 50μm, of which the γ phase volume fraction is about 35%. During the holding period, a hot die change is performed, i.e., the rough forging chamber is disconnected from the vacuum transfer channel; the preheated precision forging chamber is then connected to the vacuum transfer channel, ensuring that the die change operation is completed when the holding is finished.

[0042] In a vacuum environment, a thermally controlled robotic arm transfers the heat-treated billet from the heat treatment chamber to the precision forging chamber. The billet is then placed into the precision forging die for precision forging. The precision forging temperature can be selected within 15 degrees Celsius above the α single-phase region (depending on microstructure control requirements), with a deformation of 70% and a strain rate of 0.01 s⁻¹. -1 The working die is made of molybdenum alloy. After the operation, the die is automatically removed, and the workpiece is subjected to in-situ vacuum heat treatment (in the precision forging chamber) at the same temperature as the precision forging operation for 5 minutes to obtain a precision-forged blade. The microstructure of the entire blade is observed to be approximately 150 μm. The precision-forged blade is then machined using a milling-polishing process, with a milling amount of 0.5 mm.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] The dimensions of the forging billet were optimized using UG finite element analysis (or digital twin), and TiAl alloy bars with specific shapes and dimensions were prepared by casting. The alloy composition was Ti-44.9Al-3.7Nb-0.7Mo-0.05Y. The solidification path was found to meet the requirements, with the α single-phase region exceeding 30℃. The die set consisted of two rough forging dies and one finish forging die.

[0045] In the vacuum preheating process of the heat treatment chamber, the heat treatment temperature is set to 1100℃ and the heat treatment time is 2 hours. The first forging chamber, where the first set of rough forging dies is located, is connected to the vacuum transfer channel and the first set of rough forging dies is preheated. In a vacuum environment, a hot-state robot is used to transfer the billet from the heat treatment chamber to the first forging chamber. The billet is placed into the first set of rough forging dies, and the transfer time is about 27 seconds.

[0046] The first forging chamber performs vacuum isothermal forging, i.e., the first rough billet forging, with a forging deformation of 20% and a strain rate of 0.15s. -1After the first rough forging, the billet is vacuum-transferred to the heat treatment chamber for heat treatment. During the first rough forging and heat treatment, the second set of rough forging dies is preheated in the second forging chamber and hot die changing is completed (the first forging chamber is disconnected from the vacuum transfer channel, and the second forging chamber is connected to the vacuum transfer channel). Then, the billet is vacuum-transferred from the heat treatment chamber to the second forging chamber for the second rough forging, with a deformation of 35%. The temperature difference between the die and the billet is 15℃ during the two rough forging operations.

[0047] After rough forging, the billet is vacuum-transferred to the heat treatment chamber and held at that temperature. During the second rough forging and holding process, the precision forging die is placed in the precision forging chamber (any forging chamber other than the second forging chamber) for preheating. The holding temperature is 1100℃, and the holding time is 4.5h, resulting in a bimodal microstructure with a grain size of 60μm, of which the γ phase volume fraction is 65%. During the holding period, a hot die change is performed, that is, the second forging chamber is disconnected from the vacuum transfer channel, and the forging chamber containing the preheated precision forging die is connected to the vacuum transfer channel to ensure that the die change operation is completed when the holding is finished.

[0048] In a vacuum environment, a thermally controlled robotic arm transfers the heat-treated billet from the heat treatment chamber to the precision forging chamber. The billet is then placed into the precision forging die for precision forging. The precision forging temperature can be selected within 10 degrees Celsius above the α single-phase region (depending on microstructure control requirements), with a deformation of 80% and a strain rate of 0.05 s⁻¹. -1 The working die was made of molybdenum alloy. After the precision forging operation, the die was automatically removed, and the workpiece was subjected to in-situ vacuum heat treatment at the same temperature as the precision forging operation for 7 minutes to obtain the precision-forged blade. The microstructure of the entire blade was observed to be approximately 130 μm. The precision-forged blade was then machined using a milling-polishing process, with a milling amount of 0.3 mm.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] The dimensions of the forging billet were optimized using Solidworks finite element analysis (or digital twin). TiAl alloy bars with specific shapes and dimensions were then prepared using casting methods. The alloy composition was Ti-45.2Al-4Nb-0.4Mo-1.5Cr-0.07B. The solidification path was found to meet the requirements, with the α single-phase region exceeding 30℃. The dies used were rough forging dies and finish forging dies.

[0051] In the vacuum preheating process of the heat treatment chamber, the heat treatment temperature is set to 1200℃ and the heat treatment time is 1.5h. The rough forging chamber where the rough forging die is located is preheated. In a vacuum environment, a hot-state robot is used to transfer the billet from the heat treatment chamber to the rough forging chamber. The billet is placed into the rough forging die, and the transfer time is about 25s.

[0052] Vacuum isothermal forging of rough billets was performed in the rough forging chamber, with a forging deformation of 40% and a rate of 0.1 s.-1 The temperature difference between the upper and lower dies and the billet is 10℃ (the die can be N3). After rough forging, the billet is vacuum-transferred to the heat treatment chamber and then held at that temperature. During the rough forging and holding processes, the precision forging die is placed in the precision forging chamber for preheating. The holding temperature is 1000℃, and the holding time is 5 hours, resulting in a bimodal microstructure with a grain size of 50μm, of which the γ phase volume fraction is 50%. During the holding period, a hot die change is performed, that is, the rough forging die is disconnected from the vacuum transfer channel, and the preheated precision forging chamber is connected to the vacuum transfer channel, ensuring that the die change operation is completed when the holding is finished.

[0053] In a vacuum environment, a thermally controlled robotic arm transfers the heat-treated billet from the heat treatment chamber to the precision forging chamber. The billet is then placed into the precision forging die for precision forging. The precision forging temperature can be selected at 13 degrees Celsius above the α single-phase region (depending on microstructure control requirements), with a deformation ≥70% and a strain rate of 0.09 s⁻¹. -1 The working die was made of molybdenum alloy. After the precision forging operation, the die was automatically removed, and the workpiece was subjected to in-situ vacuum heat treatment at the same temperature as the precision forging operation for 5 minutes to obtain a precision-forged blade. Observation showed that the microstructure of the entire blade layer was approximately 150 μm. The precision-forged blade was then machined using a milling-polishing process, with a milling amount of 0.5 mm.

[0054] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the preparation method provided by this disclosure does not require specific alloy composition of the billet, and does not require precision casting, cladding or other measures to prepare the billet. By performing preheating treatment, transfer, rough forging (which may include multiple hot die changes), transfer, heat preservation, hot die change, transfer, fine forging and heat treatment on the billet in a vacuum environment, and controlling the time, temperature and deformation of each step, a blade with a specific structure can be obtained.

[0055] This invention breaks through the existing process bottleneck that requires multiple machines to work together for precise forming. It achieves the goal of precise blade forming with only a single machine. Through hot mold changing technology, it realizes multi-mold collaboration and in-situ preparation of precision blanks, which greatly shortens the preparation cycle, increases the blade yield, saves materials, and significantly improves work efficiency.

[0056] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this disclosure and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for vacuum isothermal forging of TiAl alloy blades based on hot die changing technology, characterized in that, include: S1: Prepare TiAl alloy rods as billets; Prepare the molds and divide them into the first mold, ..., the Nth mold according to the operation sequence of vacuum forging, where N≥2; the solidification path of the TiAl alloy bar includes the β phase region and the α single phase region with a temperature range ≥30℃; S2: The first mold is preheated under vacuum in the first forging chamber; the billet is subjected to vacuum heat treatment in the heat treatment chamber; wherein, the heat treatment temperature is set to 1000-1200℃ and the heat treatment time is 1.5-5h. S3: The heat-treated billet is transferred to the first mold in a vacuum environment and the first forging chamber is used for the first operation. After completion, the billet is transferred to the heat treatment chamber in a vacuum environment for heat preservation. At the same time, the second mold is vacuum preheated in the second forging chamber. S4: The heat-insulated billet is transferred under vacuum to the preheated second mold for the second forging chamber; after this operation is completed: If N=2, proceed to S5; otherwise: The billet is transferred to the heat treatment chamber in a vacuum environment for heat preservation; the mold for the next operation is preheated in a vacuum chamber other than the forging chamber where the current operation is performed; the billet after heat preservation is transferred to the mold for the next operation after preheating in a vacuum environment for the next operation, and so on, until the Nth vacuum forging is completed. In S3 and S4, the first N-1 operations are rough forging operations, with the temperature difference between the rough forging die and the billet not exceeding 20℃, and the billet strain rate ≥0.1s. -1 After the (N-1)th operation, the billet deformation is ≤50%; after the (N-1)th operation, the billet is held in the heat treatment chamber for 2-10 hours to obtain a bimodal microstructure with a grain size of 5-100 μm, of which 20% ≤ γ phase volume fraction ≤ 70%; the Nth operation is a precision forging operation, with the operating temperature in the α single-phase region and a deformation rate of 0.005-0.1 s. -1 The deformation of the billet is ≥70%; S5: Demolding in situ and vacuum heat treatment to obtain forged blades, followed by machining to obtain finished blades; wherein, the vacuum heat treatment temperature is the same as the precision forging temperature, and the time is 5~30min, and the full-layer structure of the precision forged blade is no greater than 350μm; the machining process is milling-polishing, and the milling amount is no greater than 0.5~1mm.

2. The vacuum isothermal forging method for TiAl alloy blades based on hot die changing technology as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the shape and size parameters of TiAl alloy rods are obtained through finite element simulation or digital twin technology, and TiAl alloy rods are prepared according to the shape and size parameters by casting, powder metallurgy or 3D printing.

3. The vacuum isothermal forging method for TiAl alloy blades based on hot die changing technology as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Using a hot-state robotic vacuum transfer system, the transfer time from the heat treatment chamber to any forging chamber is ≤30s.

4. The vacuum isothermal forging method for TiAl alloy blades based on hot die changing technology as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The hot vacuum degree of the heat treatment chamber and any forging chamber shall not exceed 6 × 10⁻⁶. -3 Pa.

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