Laser-electrolysis combined machining system with variable laser energy field and machining method

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser-electrolysis combined machining system with a variable laser energy field and a machining method. The laser-electrolysis combined machining system is composed of an electrolysis power source, a liquid supply pump, a liquid extraction pump, a laser device, a focus lens, a line-strip-shaped laser beam, a tool body, a flow channel structure and a workpiece. The cutter body comprises an outer wall body, an inner wall body, a light guide wall and a slidable liquid blocking wall, wherein the outer wall body and the inner wall body are coaxially nested. The flow channel structure comprises a liquid inlet flow channel and a speed reduction flow channel. Before machining, electrochemical testing is conducted to determine the state of a laser beam, then the position of a focus lens and a machining gap are adjusted, equipment is started in sequence for machining along a specified path, and finally a system is closed and a workpiece is treated. The focus lens can be fixed or move periodically, machining of a uniform plane or a structured surface is achieved, and the laser beam can be dynamically regulated and controlled according to material characteristics and the machining stage. Through innovative light guide and flow channel design and dynamic focusing control, the problems of large energy field loss, difficulty in localization of action, difficulty in regulation and control and the like are solved, and the method has the advantages of high process stability, wide application range and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a laser-electrolysis hybrid processing system and method with variable laser energy field, belonging to the field of laser-electrolysis hybrid processing. Background Technology

[0002] Electrolytic milling is a non-traditional machining method based on the principle of anodic dissolution. It has advantages such as no tool wear, no heat-affected zone, and low residual stress during machining, making it particularly suitable for machining high-strength, difficult-to-machine metal materials. In recent years, the trend of increasingly complex structures in high-performance components has become more apparent, and electrolytic milling has received greater attention in fields such as aerospace and energy equipment, with its applications becoming increasingly widespread.

[0003] Current electrolytic milling technology still faces several challenges in practical applications. Common problems include: first, uneven electric field distribution and flow field disturbances easily lead to stray corrosion in the machining area, resulting in low precision and poor surface quality; second, low machining efficiency, especially for materials with strong passivation properties such as titanium alloys and nickel-based superalloys, where material removal efficiency is lower than that of machining; and third, existing electrolytic milling based on circular tube electrodes has a low material removal rate per pass, making it difficult to meet engineering application requirements. To address these issues, researchers have proposed various laser-electrolytic hybrid machining methods to achieve better process results.

[0004] Wang Yufeng et al. from the Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, proposed a laser-induced electrolytic machining method and apparatus based on optical fibers (application number: CN116079165). This method uses a multi-fiber arrangement to achieve wide-area laser-electrolytic composite machining. However, the laser transmission process is difficult to control, and there is a discontinuity in the energy field between the output beams of the optical fibers, affecting the machining effect. Wang Jianshu et al. from Henan Polytechnic University proposed a dual-strip laser-electrolytic composite milling system (application number: 2025109086788), which achieves wide-area laser-electrolytic composite machining through direct focusing of the strip laser. However, this method is not suitable for roughing / finishing interchangeable machining and periodic microstructure machining.

[0005] This invention proposes a laser-electrolysis hybrid processing system and method with variable laser energy field. By innovating the light guide and flow channel structure, flow field confinement measures, and dynamic laser focusing / defocusing control, the laser energy field can be dynamically adjusted to change the processing mode, making it suitable for various applications such as the processing of large and complex components in aerospace and other fields. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: A laser-electrolysis hybrid processing system with variable laser energy field includes an electrolysis power supply, a liquid supply pump, a liquid extraction pump, a laser, a focusing lens, a strip laser beam, a tool body, a flow channel structure, and a workpiece. The cutter body comprises a light guide wall, an inner wall, an outer wall, and a liquid-blocking wall that slides up and down along the outer wall, all coaxially nested from the inside out. The inner wall includes an inner main wall and a flow-guiding ramp at the bottom of the inner main wall. The outer wall includes an outer main wall and an inner chamfer at the bottom of the outer main wall. The light guide wall includes a light guide core, a metal layer on the side of the light guide core, and incident and exit curved surfaces respectively disposed at the upper and lower ends of the light guide core. The flow channel structure includes an inlet flow channel, a heat-spreading flow channel, an impact flow channel, a return flow channel, and a return flow channel. The inlet flow channel is located between the light guide wall and the inner wall, connected to the supply pump, and runs vertically downwards. The heat-spreading flow channel is formed by a guide ramp and extends to the exit surface at the lower end of the light guide wall, eventually transforming into an impact flow channel that extends close to the workpiece surface towards the processing edge. The return flow channel is located at the baffle wall and points towards the return channel through an inner chamfer. The return flow channel is located between the inner wall and the outer wall, connected to the pump, and runs vertically upwards. The linear laser beam includes an input laser beam and an output laser beam. The input laser beam is emitted from the laser, focused by the focusing lens, enters the light guide core through the axis of symmetry of the incident surface, and is converted into an output laser beam after multiple reflections in the metal layer, and is emitted from the exit surface. The focusing lens is vertically movable and positioned above the light guide wall. The inner wall, outer wall, and metal layer are all electrically connected to the negative terminal of the electrolysis power supply, while the workpiece is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the electrolysis power supply.

[0007] Preferably, both the inner wall and the outer wall are made of corrosion-resistant metal materials.

[0008] Preferably, the liquid-retaining wall is made of an elastic insulating material.

[0009] Preferably, the metal layer is made of a corrosion-resistant, high-reflectivity material.

[0010] Preferably, the lower part of the inner wall body is provided with an array of liquid passage holes; The flow channel structure includes a deceleration flow channel, which is composed of an array of liquid passage holes, oriented perpendicular to the inner main wall outwards.

[0011] A processing method for a laser-electrolysis hybrid processing system with variable laser energy field includes the following steps performed in sequence: Step S1: Perform electrochemical testing on the workpiece to obtain its passivation characteristics, and determine the state of the output laser beam accordingly; Step S2: Determine the vertical position of the focusing lens based on the state of the output laser beam, and move the focusing lens to the designated position; install the workpiece and adjust the processing gap between the inner main wall and the workpiece, and slide the baffle wall downwards to make it completely fit with the surface of the workpiece; Step S3: Set the liquid supply pump flow rate to 15-25L / min, the liquid extraction pump flow rate to 45-75L / min, the laser power to 150-250W and the frequency to 8-12kHz, and the electrolysis power supply voltage to 40-60V and DC operation; turn on the liquid supply pump, liquid extraction pump, laser, and electrolysis power supply in sequence to drive the tool body to move along the specified machining path. Utilize the synergistic effect of the fully focused laser beam and electrolysis to quickly remove workpiece material and complete the roughing stage. Step S4: Adjust the height of the focusing lens to make the output laser beam fully divergent, and at the same time change the electrolysis power supply settings to output pulse current at 40-60V and 0.8-1.2kHz; drive the tool body to move along the specified machining path again, and use the combination of the fully divergent laser beam and pulse electrolysis to refine the rough machined surface, reduce surface roughness, and complete the finishing stage. Step S5: If structured surface processing is required, adjust the focusing lens to make the output laser beam fully focused, and set the focusing lens to perform simple harmonic motion with a frequency of 0.8-1.2kHz and an amplitude of 0.4-0.6mm. At this time, the periodic motion of the focusing lens forms an integer multiple relationship with the laser output frequency, so that the output laser beam alternates at high frequency in the focusing and diverging states, producing a differentiated energy density distribution in different areas of the workpiece surface. Combined with the control of the material dissolution rate by electrolysis, a regularly distributed microstructure is formed on the processed surface. Step S6: Shut down the system in the order of laser, electrolysis power supply, liquid pump, and liquid supply pump, and clean and dry the workpiece.

[0012] This invention solves the problems of high energy field transmission loss, difficulty in localizing and uniformizing the laser, and difficulty in real-time control in laser-electrolytic composite processing through innovative light guide and flow channel structures, special flow field confinement measures, and dynamic laser focusing / divergence control methods. Regarding light field control, the linear laser beam is transmitted through a light guide core, the exterior of which is coated with a high-reflectivity metal layer to improve the transmission efficiency of the laser within the core and protect the core structure from scratches. An exit curved surface at the end of the light guide wall refocuses the laser beam to the focal point. The focusing shape can be synchronously controlled by slightly adjusting the focusing lens, and with vertical movement, high-frequency full-focus / full-divergence mode switching of the laser can be achieved.

[0013] In terms of flow field control, after the electrolyte is decelerated by the deceleration channel, it exchanges heat with the light guide wall in the heat homogenization channel formed by the guide slope, and then diffuses heat to the edge of the processing zone through the impact channel. The backflow pressure gradient formed by the three decelerations ensures stable suction. In terms of electric field distribution, the metal layer directly participates in the electrochemical reaction, the guide slope increases the electric field strength, the outer wall and the liquid-blocking wall work together to maintain a high current density at the edge of the processing zone, and the insulating wall inhibits the diffusion of the electric field to form a high current density gradient, promoting uniform dissolution of the workpiece surface and obtaining a high-quality surface.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has many advantages. The liquid-retaining wall effectively limits the diffusion of the electric field to non-processed areas through physical isolation, avoiding the negative impact of stray corrosion on processing accuracy. The outer wall structure synchronously compensates for the current density at the edge of the processing area, reducing edge dissolution inhomogeneity and improving surface integrity. The optimized flow channel structure and negative pressure suction technology work synergistically, combined with the laser thermal effect, to enhance the uniformity of current density distribution in the processing area, achieving simultaneous improvement in processing efficiency and surface quality. Based on the dynamic switching of the focusing lens's working mode and the coordinated adjustment of EDM parameters, seamless transition from roughing to finishing can be achieved within the same processing system, eliminating the need for traditional mechanical tool changing processes. Different laser states are selected based on differences in material passivation characteristics, improving the efficiency of multi-energy field composite action. Periodically adjusting the spatial position of the focusing lens enables high-frequency alternation of the laser beam between focused and defocused states, forming regularly distributed microstructures on the processed surface and endowing the surface with various specific functional properties. The side metal layer of the light guide core realizes the spatial integration of the optical field and the electric field, shortens the interaction distance between the two fields, improves the spatial overlap and coupling efficiency of the multi-energy field, and the dynamic adjustment technology of the focusing lens position precisely controls the laser energy distribution. The flow field optimization design enhances the heat dissipation of the light guide core to maintain the stability of the optical system, conducts the waste heat to the processing area, accelerates the electrochemical reaction kinetic process, and improves the overall energy utilization efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the laser-electrolysis composite processing system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electrolysis system of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the laser system of the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of different shapes of the laser beam output at point B; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the electric field / structure of the present invention.

[0016] The labels in the diagram are as follows: 1. Electrolysis power supply; 2. Liquid supply pump; 3. Liquid extraction pump; 4. Laser; 5. Focusing lens; 6. Linear laser beam; 61. Input laser beam; 62. Output laser beam; 7. Tool body; 71. Inner wall; 711. Inner main wall; 712. Array of liquid passages; 713. Guide ramp; 72. Outer wall; 721. Outer main wall; 722. Inner chamfer; 73. Light guide wall; 731. Light guide core; 732. Metal layer; 733. Incident surface; 734. Exit surface; 74. Liquid baffle; 8. Flow channel structure; 81. Liquid inlet channel; 82. Deceleration channel; 83. Heat dissipation channel; 84. Impact channel; 85. Return channel; 86. Return channel; 9. Workpiece. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The following is combined with Figures 1-6 The implementation of the present invention will be further described in detail below: A laser-electrolysis hybrid processing system with variable laser energy field includes an electrolysis power supply 1, a liquid supply pump 2, a liquid extraction pump 3, a laser 4, a focusing lens 5, a linear laser beam 6, a tool body 7, a flow channel structure 8, and a workpiece 9.

[0018] The linear laser beam 6 includes an input laser beam 61 and an output laser beam 62; the tool body 7 includes a light guide wall 73, an inner wall 71, an outer wall 72, and a liquid-blocking wall 74 that can slide up and down on the outer wall 72, which are coaxially nested from the inside to the outside; the light guide wall 73 includes a light guide core 731, a metal layer 732 disposed on the side of the light guide core 731, and an incident curved surface 733 and an exit curved surface 734 disposed on the upper and lower ends of the light guide core 731, respectively. 3 is located at the center of the tool body 7; the slope of the guide ramp 713 is 45°, and the bottom of the ramp is flush with the bottom of the inner main wall 711; the inner wall body 71 includes the inner main wall 711, the array of liquid passage holes 712 opened at the lower part of the inner main wall 711 and the guide ramp 713 at the bottom, the slope of the guide ramp 713 is 45°, and the bottom of the ramp is flush with the bottom of the inner main wall 711; the outer wall 72 includes the outer main wall 721 and the inner chamfer 722 provided at the bottom of the outer main wall 721.

[0019] The flow channel structure 8 includes an inlet flow channel 81, a deceleration flow channel 82, a heat equalization flow channel 83, an impact flow channel 84, a return flow channel 85, and a return flow channel 86. The inlet flow channel 81 is located between the light guide wall 73 and the inner wall 71, and is connected to the supply pump 2, with its direction vertically downwards. The deceleration flow channel 82 is composed of an array of liquid passage holes 712, with its direction perpendicular to the inner main wall 711 and outwards, thereby reducing the electrolyte flow rate and simultaneously achieving negative pressure homogenization during the flow process, preventing the pump 3 from drawing out the electrolyte. Fluctuations in the suction flow rate cause changes in the flow velocity of the return flow channel 85; the heat dissipation channel 83 is formed by the guide slope 713 and extends to the exit surface 734 at the lower end of the guide light wall 73, eventually turning into an impact channel 84 that extends close to the surface of the workpiece 9 toward the processing edge; the return flow channel 85 is located at the liquid-blocking wall 74 at the processing edge and points to the return flow channel 86 through the inner chamfer 722; the return flow channel 86 is located between the inner wall 71 and the outer wall 72, connected to the liquid pump 3, and is vertically upward.

[0020] The linear laser beam 6 includes an input laser beam 61 and an output laser beam 62. The input laser beam 61 is emitted from the laser 4, focused by the focusing lens 5, and enters the light guide core 731 through the axis of symmetry of the incident surface 733. Under the action of the metal layer 732, it is continuously reflected and transmitted downwards, and finally emitted from the exit surface 734. The focusing lens 5 is vertically moved and positioned directly above the light guide wall 73.

[0021] The inner wall 71 and outer wall 72 are made of corrosion-resistant metal materials; the liquid-blocking wall 74 is made of elastic insulating material, which is thermoplastic polyurethane TPU95A; the metal layer 732 is made of corrosion-resistant high reflectivity material, which is silver and is coated onto the side of the light guide core 731 through silver mirror reaction; the laser 4 has a power of 100-300W, a wavelength of 1064nm or 532nm or 355nm, and a frequency of 1-20kHz.

[0022] The inlet channel 81 is connected to the supply pump 2, and the return channel 86 is connected to the pump 3. The electrolyte enters the inlet channel 81 through the supply pump 2. At the deceleration channel 82, part of it is directly diverted to the return channel 86, and the other part flows through the heat exchange channel 83 to the lower end of the light guide wall 73 for impact. Then, it flows back along the impact channel 84 and the return channel 85 to the return channel 86, and is finally pumped out of the processing area by the pump 3. The inner wall 71, the outer wall 72, and the metal layer 732 are electrically connected to the negative terminal of the electrolysis power supply 1, and the workpiece 9 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the electrolysis power supply 1.

[0023] Since this invention can be used in a variety of processing applications, three specific application cases are presented below, using Hastelloy and aluminum alloys as examples of strong and passive materials.

[0024] Case 1: Continuous roughing / finishing of Hastelloy alloys Step 1: First, perform electrochemical testing on workpiece 9 to obtain its passivation characteristics and determine the state of the output laser beam 62 during the roughing stage. For Hastelloy, the passive film formed during the electrochemical reaction will severely hinder the normal progress of the electrochemical reaction. On the one hand, this will limit the material removal efficiency; on the other hand, it will damage the processing quality due to uneven dissolution between different phases. For Hastelloy, a fully focused output laser beam 62 should be selected to break the passivation film in the designated area using high energy density, allowing the electrochemical reaction to pass through the passivation film and improving processing efficiency.

[0025] Step 2: Based on the state, reverse the calculation to determine the vertical position of the focusing lens 5. After precisely moving the focusing lens 5 to the designated position, install the workpiece 9 and adjust the machining gap between the inner main wall 711 and the workpiece 9. Slide the liquid-blocking wall 74 downwards so that it is completely attached to the surface of the workpiece 9 and maintains a compression of 0.5mm.

[0026] Step 3: Set the flow rate of the supply pump 2 to 20L / min, the flow rate of the extraction pump 3 to 60L / min, the power of the laser 4 to 200W and the frequency to 10kHz, and the voltage of the electrolysis power supply 1 to 50V and DC operation. Turn on the supply pump 2, extraction pump 3, laser 4 and electrolysis power supply 1 in sequence to drive the tool body 7 to move along the specified processing path. Utilize the synergistic effect of the fully focused laser beam and electrolysis to quickly remove the Hastelloy material and complete the roughing stage.

[0027] Step 4: After rough machining is completed, adjust the height of the focusing lens 5 so that the output laser beam 62 is in a fully divergent state. At the same time, change the electrolytic power supply 1 to a pulse mode to improve machining accuracy and quality, so that it outputs a pulse current of 50V and 1kHz. The pulse current intermittently removes the enhanced products and reduces the interference of electrolytic products. Drive the tool body 7 to move along the designated machining path again. At this time, the fully divergent laser beam and the pulse electrolysis effect are combined to refine the rough machined surface, reduce the surface roughness, and complete the finishing stage.

[0028] Step 5: Shut down the system in the following order: laser 4, electrolysis power supply 1, liquid pump 3, liquid supply pump 2, and clean and dry the workpiece 9.

[0029] Case Study 2: Structured Surface Finishing of Hastelloy Step 1: First, perform electrochemical testing on workpiece 9 to obtain its passivation characteristics and determine the state of the output laser beam 62 during the roughing stage.

[0030] Step 2: Based on the state, reverse the calculation to determine the vertical position of the focusing lens 5. After precisely moving the focusing lens 5 to the designated position, install the workpiece 9 and adjust the machining gap between the inner main wall 711 and the workpiece 9. Slide the liquid-blocking wall 74 downwards so that it is completely attached to the surface of the workpiece 9 and maintains a compression of 0.5mm.

[0031] Step 3: Set the flow rate of the supply pump 2 to 20L / min, the flow rate of the extraction pump 3 to 60L / min, the power of the laser 4 to 200W and the frequency to 10kHz, and the voltage of the electrolysis power supply 1 to 50V and DC operation. Turn on the supply pump 2, extraction pump 3, laser 4 and electrolysis power supply 1 in sequence to drive the tool body 7 to move along the specified processing path. Utilize the synergistic effect of the fully focused laser beam and electrolysis to quickly remove the Hastelloy material and complete the roughing stage.

[0032] Step 4: Adjust the focusing lens 5 to achieve full focus on the output laser beam 62, and set the focusing lens 5 to perform simple harmonic motion with a frequency of 1kHz and an amplitude of 0.5mm. At this time, the periodic motion of the focusing lens 5 forms an integer multiple relationship with the output frequency of the laser 4, causing the output laser beam 62 to alternate between focused and divergent states at high frequencies, resulting in differentiated energy density distributions in different regions of the Hastelloy surface. Combined with the control of the material dissolution rate through electrolysis, a regularly distributed microstructure is formed on the processed surface.

[0033] Step 5: Shut down the system in the order of laser 4, electrolytic power supply 1, liquid pump 3, and liquid supply pump 2, and clean and dry the workpiece 9 to finally obtain a structured surface with specific functional characteristics (such as hydrophobicity, enhanced light absorption, etc.).

[0034] Case 3: Continuous Rough / Fine Machining of Aluminum Alloys Step 1: First, perform electrochemical testing on workpiece 9 to obtain its passivation characteristics and determine the state of the output laser beam 62 during the roughing stage. For reactive metals, the passivation film formed on their surface has relatively little hindering effect on the electrochemical process. Due to the insufficient formation of an oxide layer on its surface, the laser absorption rate of workpiece 9 is low, thus requiring processing in a fully divergent state. Aluminum alloys are typical electrochemically reactive materials. During processing, the passivation layer on its surface is fragile and does not require additional removal by a fully focused laser. Therefore, the laser uniformly activates the processing area in a fully divergent state. On the one hand, the increased effective area will irradiate more oxide areas, thereby improving the laser energy absorption rate. On the other hand, the thermally enhanced electrochemical reaction can simultaneously improve processing efficiency and dissolution quality, achieving higher processing efficiency in the roughing stage.

[0035] Step 2: Based on the state, reverse the calculation to determine the vertical position of the focusing lens 5. After precisely moving the focusing lens 5 to the designated position, install the workpiece 9 and adjust the machining gap between the inner main wall 711 and the workpiece 9. Slide the liquid-blocking wall 74 downwards so that it is completely attached to the surface of the workpiece 9 and maintains a compression of 0.5mm.

[0036] Step 3: Set the flow rate of the supply pump 2 to 20L / min, the flow rate of the extraction pump 3 to 60L / min, the power of the laser 4 to 200W and the frequency to 10kHz, and the voltage of the electrolysis power supply 1 to 50V and DC operation. Turn on the supply pump 2, extraction pump 3, laser 4 and electrolysis power supply 1 in sequence to drive the tool body 7 to move along the specified processing path. Utilize the synergistic effect of the fully divergent laser beam and the electrolysis to quickly remove the aluminum alloy material and complete the roughing stage.

[0037] Step 4: After roughing is completed, maintain the height of the focusing lens 5 to keep the output laser beam 62 in a fully divergent state. At the same time, change the electrolytic power supply 1 to a pulse mode to improve the processing accuracy and quality, so that it outputs a pulse current of 50V and 1kHz. The enhanced products are eliminated by the intermittent pulse current, reducing the interference of electrolytic products. Drive the tool body 7 to move along the specified processing path again. At this time, the fully divergent laser beam and the pulse electrolysis are combined to refine the roughed surface, reduce the surface roughness, and complete the finishing stage.

[0038] Step 5: Shut down the system in the order of laser 4, electrolysis power supply 1, liquid pump 3, and liquid supply pump 2, and clean and dry the workpiece 9.

[0039] The above content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, based on the ideas of the present invention, many changes can be made in the specific implementation methods and application scope, and all such changes are within the protection scope of this patent without departing from the concept of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser-electrolysis hybrid processing system with variable laser energy field, characterized in that: It includes an electrolytic power supply (1), a liquid supply pump (2), a liquid extraction pump (3), a laser (4), a focusing lens (5), a linear laser beam (6), a tool body (7), a flow channel structure (8), and a workpiece (9). The cutter body (7) includes a light guide wall (73), an inner wall (71), an outer wall (72), and a liquid-blocking wall (74) that slides up and down along the outer wall (72) from the inside out; the inner wall (71) includes an inner main wall (711) and a flow-guiding ramp (713) at the bottom of the inner main wall (711); the outer wall (72) includes an outer main wall (721) and an inner chamfer (722) at the bottom of the outer main wall (721); the light guide wall (73) includes a light guide core (731), a metal layer (732) on the side of the light guide core (731), and incident curved surfaces (733) and exit curved surfaces (734) respectively disposed on the upper and lower ends of the light guide core (731). The flow channel structure (8) includes an inlet flow channel (81), a heat-spreading flow channel (83), an impact flow channel (84), a return flow channel (85), and a return flow channel (86). The inlet flow channel (81) is located between the light guide wall (73) and the inner wall (71), and is connected to the liquid supply pump (2), with a vertical downward direction. The heat-spreading flow channel (83) is formed by the guide ramp (713) and extends to the exit surface (734) at the lower end of the light guide wall (73), eventually turning into an impact flow channel (84) that extends close to the surface of the workpiece (9) towards the processing edge. The return flow channel (85) is located at the liquid-blocking wall (74) and points to the return channel (86) through the inner chamfer (722). The return flow channel (86) is located between the inner wall (71) and the outer wall (72), and is connected to the liquid pump (3), with a vertical upward direction. The linear laser beam (6) includes an input laser beam (61) and an output laser beam (62). The input laser beam (61) is emitted from the laser (4), focused by the focusing lens (5), and enters the light guide core (731) through the symmetry axis of the incident surface (733). After multiple reflections in the metal layer (732), it is converted into an output laser beam (62) and emitted from the exit surface (734). The focusing lens (5) is vertically moved and positioned above the light guide wall (73). The inner wall (71), outer wall (72) and metal layer (732) are all electrically connected to the negative terminal of the electrolytic power supply (1), and the workpiece (9) is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the electrolytic power supply (1).

2. The laser-electrolysis hybrid processing system with variable laser energy field according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the inner wall (71) and the outer wall (72) are made of corrosion-resistant metal materials.

3. The laser-electrolysis hybrid processing system with variable laser energy field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid-retaining wall (74) is made of an elastic insulating material.

4. The laser-electrolysis hybrid processing system with variable laser energy field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal layer (732) is made of a corrosion-resistant, high-reflectivity material.

5. The laser-electrolysis hybrid processing system with variable laser energy field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower part of the inner wall body (71) is provided with an array of liquid passage holes (712). The flow channel structure (8) includes a deceleration flow channel (82), which is composed of an array of liquid passage holes (712) and is oriented perpendicular to the inner main wall (711) outward.

6. A processing method based on the laser-electrolysis hybrid processing system with variable laser energy field according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The following steps are performed in sequence: Step S1: Perform electrochemical testing on the workpiece (9) to obtain its passivation characteristics, and determine the state of the output laser beam (62) accordingly; Step S2: Determine the up and down position of the focusing lens (5) based on the state of the output laser beam (62), and move the focusing lens (5) to the specified position; install the workpiece (9) and adjust the processing gap between the inner main wall (711) and the workpiece (9), and slide the liquid-blocking wall (74) downward to make it completely fit with the surface of the workpiece (9); Step S3: Set the flow rate of the liquid supply pump (2) to 15-25L / min, the flow rate of the liquid extraction pump (3) to 45-75L / min, the power of the laser (4) to 150-250W and the frequency to 8-12kHz, and the voltage of the electrolytic power supply (1) to 40-60V and DC operation; turn on the liquid supply pump (2), the liquid extraction pump (3), the laser (4), and the electrolytic power supply (1) in sequence to drive the tool body (7) to move along the specified processing path, and use the synergistic effect of the fully focused laser beam and the electrolytic action to quickly remove the material of the workpiece (9) and complete the roughing stage; Step S4: Adjust the height of the focusing lens (5) so that the output laser beam (62) is fully divergent, and at the same time change the setting of the electrolytic power supply (1) so that it outputs pulse current at 40-60V and 0.8-1.2kHz; The tool body (7) is driven again to move along the specified machining path. The combined action of the fully divergent laser beam and pulsed electrolysis is used to refine the rough machined surface, reduce the surface roughness, and complete the finishing stage. Step S5: If structured surface processing is required, adjust the focusing lens (5) to make the output laser beam (62) fully focused, and set the focusing lens (5) to make simple harmonic motion with a frequency of 0.8-1.2kHz and an amplitude of 0.4-0.6mm. At this time, the periodic motion of the focusing lens (5) and the output frequency of the laser (4) form an integer multiple relationship, so that the output laser beam (62) alternates at high frequency in the focusing and diverging states, and produces a differentiated energy density distribution in different areas of the workpiece (9) surface. Combined with the regulation of the material dissolution rate by electrolysis, a regularly distributed microstructure is formed on the processed surface. Step S6: Shut down the system in the order of laser (4), electrolysis power supply (1), liquid pump (3), and liquid supply pump (2), and clean and dry the workpiece (9).

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