Composite textile sound absorption material based on nanofibers and continuous production equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a composite textile sound absorption material based on nanofibers and continuous production equipment, and relates to the technical field of textile functional materials, the composite textile sound absorption material comprises sound absorption cloth, and the sound absorption cloth is composed of bottom-layer cloth, middle-layer cloth and surface-layer cloth through hot pressing; the bottom layer cloth is made of regenerated polyester fibers, the added material is 5-8 wt% of low-melting-point polyester fibers, plasma surface etching is adopted, and the bottom layer cloth is soaked in 0.5-1 wt% of a silane coupling agent solution; polyvinylidene fluoride is adopted as middle-layer cloth, and 10-15 wt% of nano silicon dioxide and a mixed solvent of N, N-dimethylformamide / acetone are added into the middle-layer cloth; the fabric of the surface layer adopts polylactic acid, and the additive is 3-5wt% of a mixed solvent of chitosan quaternary ammonium salt and trichloromethane / dioxane; the continuous production equipment integrates the functions of cleaning, drying, hot pressing and winding, material flattening treatment is achieved through the staggered design of the front pressing roller and the rear pressing roller, uniform winding is guaranteed through the reciprocating line combing structure of the take-up device, and the production efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of textile functional materials technology, and in particular to a textile sound-absorbing material based on nanofiber composites and its continuous production equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Textile sound-absorbing materials are widely used in noise control due to their advantages such as light weight and ease of processing, but existing products have the following core defects: Limited sound absorption frequency range: Traditional materials (such as glass wool and polyester fiber felt) mostly rely on a single pore structure, which only has a good absorption effect on mid-to-high frequency sound waves (1000-4000Hz). The absorption coefficient of low frequency sound waves (125-500Hz) is generally less than 0.3, which cannot meet the requirements of wideband noise reduction. Weak mechanical properties: Although the pure nanofiber sound-absorbing layer has a large specific surface area and abundant pores, its tensile strength is less than 10MPa, making it easy to break during processing or use. It needs to rely on the substrate for support, while traditional substrates (such as ordinary non-woven fabrics) have poor bonding force with the nanofiber layer and are prone to delamination. Single function and poor environmental protection: Most products only have sound absorption function and lack additional properties such as antibacterial and aging resistance; some materials (such as sound-absorbing cotton with formaldehyde adhesive) have the risk of releasing harmful substances, which does not conform to the trend of green environmental protection. The manufacturing process is complex: most existing composite sound-absorbing materials use adhesive bonding processes, which not only increase production costs but also easily clog the pores of nanofibers, leading to a decline in sound absorption performance.

[0003] The spinning process is complicated, making it inconvenient to quickly clean, dry, and rewind the yarn.

[0004] While existing technologies have attempted to combine nanofibers with textile substrates, they have not designed porous structures specifically for sound wave propagation characteristics, nor have they solved the interfacial bonding problem between the substrate and the nanofiber layer. As a result, they still cannot achieve both wideband sound absorption and high practicality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention addresses the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a textile sound-absorbing material based on nanofiber composite and a continuous production equipment. Through a three-layer composite structure of "modified substrate + gradient pore nanofiber layer + antibacterial functional layer" combined with an innovative preparation process, it achieves synergistic effects of high-efficiency sound absorption, high mechanical strength and antibacterial properties in a wide frequency range (125-4000Hz), while simplifying the process and improving environmental friendliness.

[0006] This invention provides a textile sound-absorbing material based on nanofiber composite and a continuous production equipment, specifically including: a sound-absorbing fabric, wherein the sound-absorbing fabric is composed of a bottom layer fabric, a middle layer fabric and a top layer fabric hot-pressed together; The bottom layer fabric is made of recycled polyester fiber, and the filler is 5-8wt% low melting point polyester fiber (melting point 110-130℃). It is surface etched by plasma and impregnated with 0.5-1wt% silane coupling agent (KH-550) solution. The middle layer fabric is made of polyvinylidene fluoride, and the filler is 10-15 wt% nano silica and N,N-dimethylformamide / acetone mixed solvent (volume ratio 7:3). The surface fabric is made of polylactic acid, and the filler is 3-5 wt% chitosan quaternary ammonium salt and chloroform / dioxane mixed solvent (volume ratio 6:4).

[0007] Optionally, the middle layer fabric is a gradient-pore nanofiber sound-absorbing layer (1.5-2.5mm thick), which adds a variable pore size structure and innovatively increases the dimension of key control parameters. By flexibly adjusting the pore size and distribution density, this structure can accurately adapt to the acoustic characteristics of different frequency bands, effectively optimize the interface impedance matching effect when sound energy is incident, significantly broaden the sound absorption frequency band, and significantly improve the stability and adaptability of sound absorption performance in complex sound field environments, providing a more flexible and efficient solution for acoustic control.

[0008] Optionally, the bottom layer fabric is a modified recycled polyester nonwoven fabric support layer (1-1.5mm thick).

[0009] Optionally, the surface fabric is an antibacterial nanofiber functional layer (thickness 0.5-1mm), with a pore size of 300-400nm and a porosity of 80-85%.

[0010] Optionally, an inlet pipe is connected to the upper front end of the processing equipment, and an outlet pipe is connected to the lower front end of the processing equipment; a middle partition is integrally installed inside the lower part of the processing equipment; seven sets of bearing rollers are rotatably installed in the middle of the top of the processing equipment; the front and rear ends of the top of the processing equipment are notched structures; and support frames are fixedly installed on the upper sides of both sides of the processing equipment.

[0011] Optionally, each of the support frames is fixedly equipped with an electric cylinder in the middle, and a top plate is fixedly installed at the telescopic ends of the two sets of electric cylinders. Four sets of guide rods are fixedly installed on both sides of the bottom of the top plate, and the guide rods are slidably connected to the support frame. Three sets of front pressure rollers are installed on the rotating frame at the bottom front of the top plate, and three sets of rear pressure rollers are installed on the rotating frame at the bottom rear of the top plate. The rear pressure rollers are higher than the front pressure rollers. The positions of the front and rear pressure rollers are staggered with the positions of the bearing rollers. A circular hole is opened at the bottom rear of the processing equipment. A motor frame is fixedly installed in front of the circular hole. An exhaust motor is fixedly installed in front of the motor frame. An exhaust fan is fixedly installed at the shaft end of the motor frame. A grid-type heater is fixedly installed in the middle of the rear interior of the processing equipment.

[0012] Optionally, the take-up reel has two sets of support frames integrally installed on the front ends of both sides of the top. A cover is hinged to the top of the take-up reel. A linkage shaft is rotatably installed on the left support frame. A sliding seat is fixedly installed in the middle of the rear side of the top of the take-up reel, and a transmission frame is slidably installed on the front side of the sliding seat. A drive motor is fixedly installed on the rear left side of the top of the take-up reel, and a drive shaft is rotatably installed on the rear left side of the top of the take-up reel. A reducer is connected to the drive motor and the drive shaft. Two sets of swing linkages are hinged to the top of the take-up reel. A driven gear is fixedly installed on the top of the rear rotating shaft of the swing linkage. The swing linkage and the driven gear are coaxially fixed. Hinged seats are hinged to the front ends of the two sets of swing linkages. The two sets of swing linkages are parallel. A transmission wheel is rotatably installed on the rear side of the top of the take-up reel. A swing rod is fixedly installed on the top of the transmission wheel. The bottom of the transmission wheel is a bevel gear structure. A bevel gear is installed at the right end of the transmission shaft and meshes with the bevel gear structure of the transmission wheel. A synchronous belt is connected between the transmission shaft and the linkage shaft. A winding wheel is installed between the support frame and the cover.

[0013] Optionally, the winding reel has a center hole, and bearing sleeves are rotatably mounted on both ends of the winding reel to cooperate with the bearings. A flange is integrally provided on the outer center of each bearing sleeve, and a groove matching the flange is provided between the support frame and the cover. One end of the winding reel is connected to the linkage shaft by a gear transmission.

[0014] Optionally, a control rack is integrally provided on the front side of the transmission frame, and the control rack meshes with two sets of driven gears.

[0015] Optionally, a comb is fixedly provided at the front end of the hinge seat; the comb has a U-shaped frame structure, with a lower roller rotatably provided at the bottom center of the comb, and side rollers rotatably provided at both the front and rear ends of the comb.

[0016] The beneficial effects are as follows: Synergistic optimization of acoustic performance and function: The mid-layer gradient porous nanofiber structure (200-1000nm pore size gradient) achieves high-efficiency sound absorption in a wide frequency range of 125-4000Hz, and the low-frequency (125Hz) sound absorption coefficient is improved to 0.42-0.48, solving the problem of insufficient low-frequency absorption of traditional materials; at the same time, the surface antibacterial nanofiber layer (chitosan quaternary ammonium salt modified) gives the material an antibacterial rate of ≥99%, achieving synergy between sound absorption and antibacterial functions without affecting acoustic performance.

[0017] Balancing mechanical enhancement with environmental friendliness: The bottom layer uses plasma-etched recycled polyester nonwoven fabric modified with silane coupling agent, combined with low-melting-point fiber hot pressing process, which improves performance by 40-60% compared with traditional nanofiber composite materials; the three-layer structure achieves adhesive-free bonding through hot pressing composite, avoiding pore blockage, and the surface polylactic acid material is biodegradable with formaldehyde release ≤0.01mg / m³, which is in line with the green and environmentally friendly trend.

[0018] Highly efficient and flexible in application: The continuous production equipment integrates cleaning, drying, hot pressing and winding functions. The staggered design of the front and rear pressure rollers achieves material flattening, and the reciprocating combing structure of the take-up coil ensures uniform winding. The production efficiency is 30-50% higher than that of traditional processes. The material is lightweight (area density 150-200g / m²) and has good flexibility (bending radius ≤5cm), which can be adapted to the noise reduction needs of various scenarios such as construction and automobiles, and has a service life of 5-8 years. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the preparation process structure in an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the sound-absorbing fabric in an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 3 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 4 A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the processing device in an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 5 An embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 4 Another structural diagram from a different angle; Figure 6 A side sectional view of the processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 7 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the take-up device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 8 An embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 7 Another structural diagram from a different angle; Figure 9 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the winding reel in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0020] List of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Sound-absorbing fabric; 101. Bottom layer fabric; 102. Middle layer fabric; 103. Top layer fabric; 2. Processing equipment; 201. Inlet pipe; 202. Outlet pipe; 203. Middle partition; 204. Bearing roller; 3. Support frame; 301. Electric cylinder; 302. Top plate; 303. Guide rod; 304. Front pressure roller; 305. Rear pressure roller; 4. Motor frame; 401. Exhaust motor; 402. Exhaust fan; 5. Heater; 6. 601. Take-up device; 602. Support frame; 603. Cover; 604. Linkage shaft; 605. Sliding seat; 606. Drive motor; 607. Drive shaft; 608. Swing linkage; 609. Driven gear; 610. Hinge seat; 611. Drive wheel; 7. Swing rod; 701. Wire fixing hole; 702. Bearing sleeve; 8. Drive frame; 801. Control rack; 9. Comb; 901. Lower roller; 902. Side roller. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, solutions, and advantages of the technical solutions of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of specific embodiments of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1: Please refer to the accompanying drawings in the instruction manual. Figures 1 to 9 As shown: This invention proposes a textile sound-absorbing material based on nanofiber composite and a continuous production equipment, including: sound-absorbing fabric 1, which is composed of a bottom layer fabric 101, a middle layer fabric 102 and a top layer fabric 103 hot-pressed together.

[0023] The treatment device 2 has an inlet pipe 201 connected to the upper front end and an outlet pipe 202 connected to the lower front end. The treatment device 2 has an integral middle partition 203 at the lower interior. The treatment device 2 has seven sets of bearing rollers 204 rotating in the middle of the top. The treatment device 2 has notched structures at both the front and rear ends. The treatment device 2 has support frames 3 fixedly installed on the upper sides of both sides.

[0024] Among them, electric cylinders 301 are fixedly installed in the middle of the support frame 3, and top plates 302 are fixedly installed at the telescopic ends of the two sets of electric cylinders 301. Four sets of guide rods 303 are fixedly installed on both sides of the bottom of the top plate 302, and the guide rods 303 are slidably connected to the support frame 3. Three sets of front pressure rollers 304 are mounted on the front rotating frame at the bottom of the top plate 302, and three sets of rear pressure rollers 305 are mounted on the rear rotating frame at the bottom of the top plate 302. The rear pressure rollers 305 are higher than the front pressure rollers 304. The positions of the front pressure rollers 304 and the rear pressure rollers 305 are staggered with the position of the bearing roller 204. A circular hole is opened at the lower rear side of the processing device 2. A motor frame 4 is fixedly installed in front of the circular hole. An exhaust motor 401 is fixedly installed in front of the motor frame 4. An exhaust fan 402 is fixedly installed at the shaft end of the motor frame 4. A grid-type heater 5 is fixedly installed in the middle of the rear interior of the processing device 2.

[0025] The take-up reel 6 has two sets of support frames 601 integrally installed on the front ends of both sides of its top. A cover 602 is hinged to the top of the take-up reel 6. A linkage shaft 603 is rotatably mounted on the left support frame 601. A sliding seat 604 is fixedly installed in the middle of the rear top of the take-up reel 6, and a transmission frame 8 is slidably mounted on the front side of the sliding seat 604. A drive motor 605 is fixedly installed on the rear left top of the take-up reel 6, and a drive shaft 606 is rotatably mounted on the rear left top of the take-up reel 6. A reducer is connected between the drive motor 605 and the drive shaft 606. Two sets of swing linkages 607 are hinged to the top of the take-up reel 6. The rear side of the swing linkages 607 rotates... A driven gear 608 is fixedly installed at the top of the shaft, and a swing link 607 is coaxially fixed with the driven gear 608; the front ends of the two sets of swing links 607 are hinged with hinge seats 609, and the two sets of swing links 607 are parallel; a transmission wheel 610 is rotatably installed on the rear top of the take-up device 6, and a swing rod 611 is fixedly installed on the top of the transmission wheel 610; the bottom of the transmission wheel 610 is a bevel gear structure, and a bevel gear is installed at the right end of the transmission shaft 606 to mesh with the bevel gear structure of the transmission wheel 610; a synchronous belt drive is provided between the transmission shaft 606 and the linkage shaft 603; a take-up wheel 7 is provided between the support frame 601 and the cover 602.

[0026] The winding reel 7 has a fixed line hole 701 in the middle. Both ends of the winding reel 7 are fitted with bearing sleeves 702 to rotate with the bearings. The bearing sleeves 702 are integrally provided with flanges in the middle of their outer surfaces. A groove matching the flanges is provided between the support frame 601 and the cover 602. One end of the winding reel 7 is connected to the linkage shaft 603 by a gear transmission.

[0027] The transmission frame 8 has an integrally integrated control rack 801 on its front side, which meshes with two sets of driven gears 608; the swing rod 611 slides in the transmission frame 8.

[0028] Among them, the front end of the hinge seat 609 is fixedly provided with a comb 9; the comb 9 has a U-shaped frame structure, and the bottom center of the comb 9 is rotatably provided with a lower roller 901, and the front and rear ends of the comb 9 are rotatably provided with side rollers 902.

[0029] This sound-absorbing material has a three-layer composite structure from bottom to top, with a total thickness of 3-5mm. The composition and function of each layer are as follows: Bottom layer: Modified recycled polyester nonwoven fabric support layer (thickness 1-1.5mm); Raw materials: Recycled polyester fiber (diameter 10-20μm, length 38mm) + 5-8wt% low melting point polyester fiber (melting point 110-130℃); Modification treatment: Plasma surface etching (argon atmosphere, power 80-120W, processing time 3-5min) is used to form a micro-concave structure on the fiber surface, which improves the interfacial bonding with the intermediate layer; at the same time, 0.5-1wt% silane coupling agent (KH-550) solution is impregnated to enhance the aging resistance. Function: Provides mechanical support to prevent material deformation or damage.

[0030] Intermediate layer: Gradient porous nanofiber sound-absorbing layer (thickness 1.5-2.5mm); Raw materials: polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) + 10-15wt% nano silica (SiO2, particle size 20-50nm) + N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) / acetone mixed solvent (volume ratio 7:3); Gradient structure design: It consists of three layers from bottom to top, and the pore gradient is achieved by adjusting the electrospinning parameters. Lower layer (near the support layer): pore size 200-300nm, porosity 75-80%, mainly absorbs low-frequency sound waves (125-500Hz). Middle layer: pore size 500-600nm, porosity 80-85%, mainly absorbs mid-frequency sound waves (500-1000Hz); Upper layer: pore size 800-1000nm, porosity 85-90%, mainly absorbs high-frequency sound waves (1000-4000Hz). Function: By using a gradient pore structure to achieve multiple reflections, friction and dissipation of wide-band sound waves, the sound absorption efficiency is improved.

[0031] Surface layer: Antibacterial nanofiber functional layer (thickness 0.5-1mm); Raw materials: polylactic acid (PLA) + 3-5 wt% chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (QCS, antibacterial agent) + chloroform / dioxane mixed solvent (volume ratio 6:4). Structural features: pore size 300-400nm, porosity 80-85%, does not affect sound wave penetration; Functions: It has antibacterial properties (inhibition rate of ≥99% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus), and the PLA raw material is biodegradable, which improves environmental protection.

[0032] Preparation process steps 1. Preparation of modified recycled polyester nonwoven fabric support layer 1.1 Fiber blending and carding: Recycled polyester fiber and low melting point polyester fiber are blended at a mass ratio of 92:8-95:5 and carded into a web by a carding machine, with the areal density controlled at 80-100 g / m². 1.2 Hot pressing: The fiber web is placed in a hot pressing device, and the temperature is controlled at 120-140℃, the pressure at 0.3-0.5MPa, and the time at 20-30s, so that the low melting point fibers melt and bond together to form a preliminary structure; 1.3 Plasma modification and coupling agent treatment: The hot-pressed nonwoven fabric is placed in a plasma treatment instrument with an argon flow rate of 10-15 L / min and a power of 80-120 W for 3-5 min; then it is immersed in 0.5-1 wt% KH-550 ethanol solution (ethanol:water = 9:1) at room temperature for 1-2 h, and then dried in an oven at 60-70℃ for 30-40 min for later use.

[0033] 2. Preparation of Gradient Porosity Nanofiber Sound Absorbing Layer by Electrospinning 2.1 Preparation of spinning solution: Lower spinning solution: Add PVDF (molecular weight 500,000) and nano SiO2 to DMF / acetone mixed solvent at a mass ratio of 90:10-85:15, stir for 3-4 hours (temperature 40-50℃) to form a uniform solution with a concentration of 12-14wt%. Intermediate spinning solution: Same raw material ratio, solvent unchanged, concentration adjusted to 10-12 wt%; Upper spinning solution: Same raw material ratio, solvent unchanged, concentration adjusted to 8-10 wt%; 2.2 Gradient spinning forming: Equipment: Multi-nozzle electrospinning machine (3 sets of nozzles, 5cm spacing), receiving device is a roller covered with modified nonwoven fabric (20cm diameter, 5-10r / min speed). Lower layer spinning parameters: voltage 18-20kV, receiving distance 15-18cm, spinning speed 0.5-0.8mL / h, spinning time 30-40min, forming a pore size layer of 200-300nm; Middle layer spinning parameters: voltage 16-18kV, receiving distance 18-20cm, spinning speed 0.8-1mL / h, spinning time 25-35min, forming a pore size layer of 500-600nm; Upper layer spinning parameters: voltage 14-16kV, receiving distance 20-22cm, spinning speed 1-1.2mL / h, spinning time 20-30min, forming a pore size layer of 800-1000nm; During the spinning process, the ambient temperature should be controlled at 25-30℃ and the relative humidity at 40-50% to avoid the solvent evaporating too quickly and causing the fiber to break.

[0034] 3. Preparation and overall composite of antibacterial nanofiber functional layers 3.1 Preparation of antibacterial spinning solution: Add PLA (molecular weight 100,000) and QCS to a chloroform / dioxane mixed solvent at a mass ratio of 97:3-95:5, stir for 2-3 hours (room temperature) to form a homogeneous solution with a concentration of 15-18wt%. 3.2 Surface spinning: Electrospinning is performed on the surface of the gradient nanofiber layer with the following parameters: voltage 15-17kV, receiving distance 16-18cm, spinning speed 0.6-0.9mL / h, spinning time 15-25min, forming an antibacterial layer with a thickness of 0.5-1mm. 3.3 Hot-pressing composite shaping: The three-layer structure is placed into a hot-pressing device, and the temperature is controlled at 80-90℃ (below the melting point of PLA to avoid fiber melting), the pressure is 0.1-0.2MPa, and the time is 10-15s. Through the physical entanglement of the micro-concave structure on the surface of the modified support layer and the nanofiber, the interlayer is tightly bonded without the need for adhesives. 3.4 Post-processing: Place the composite material in a vacuum oven (temperature 50-60℃, vacuum degree -0.08 to -0.09MPa) and dry for 2-3 hours to remove residual solvent and obtain the final sound-absorbing material.

[0035] Performance indicators and beneficial effects 1. Core performance indicators 2. Creativity Structural Innovation: It is the first to create a three-layer composite structure of “support layer - gradient sound absorption layer - functional layer”, which achieves wide-band sound absorption of 125-4000Hz through gradient pore design (200-1000nm), solving the defect of poor low-frequency absorption of traditional materials; Interface integration innovation: By using plasma etching and silane coupling agent to modify the support layer, combined with hot pressing composite process, adhesive-free interlayer bonding is achieved, avoiding pore blockage, while improving mechanical strength (tensile strength is 40-60% higher than traditional composite materials). Functional integration and innovation: It integrates sound absorption, mechanical support, antibacterial and environmentally friendly biodegradable functions, breaking through the limitations of traditional materials with single functions and expanding application scenarios.

[0036] 3. Novelty For the first time, the PVDF / SiO2 nanofiber gradient structure was applied to textile sound-absorbing materials, and the sound wave dissipation efficiency was improved by the synergistic effect of pore size gradient and nanoparticles. By combining recycled polyester with biodegradable PLA and using an adhesive-free process, a green and environmentally friendly sound-absorbing material system is formed, which is different from existing products containing adhesives or non-biodegradable materials. Both the antibacterial layer and the sound-absorbing layer are made of nanofiber structure, which ensures antibacterial properties without affecting sound absorption performance, thus solving the problem of reduced sound absorption efficiency caused by the addition of traditional antibacterial agents.

[0037] 4. Practicality The preparation process is simple, and electrospinning and hot pressing can be continuously produced, increasing production efficiency by 30-50% and reducing costs by 15-20% compared to traditional processes. The material is lightweight (area density 150-200g / m²), has good flexibility (bending radius ≤5cm), is easy to cut and process, and is suitable for different scenarios such as construction, automobiles, and rail transportation. It has excellent aging resistance and antibacterial properties, with a service life of 5-8 years, reducing replacement frequency and maintenance costs.

[0038] Example 2: Please refer to the accompanying drawings in the instruction manual. Figures 1 to 9 As shown: Support layer preparation: Recycled polyester fiber (15μm) and low melting point polyester fiber are mixed at a ratio of 95:5, carded into a web (areal density 90g / m²), hot-pressed at 130℃ and 0.4MPa for 25s; treated with argon plasma (100W, 4min), immersed in 0.8wt%KH-550 solution for 1.5h, and dried at 65℃ for 35min; Gradient sound-absorbing layer spinning: Lower layer: 13wt%PVDF / SiO2 (88:12) spinning solution, 20kV, 16cm receiving distance, 0.6mL / h, spinning for 35min; Middle layer: 11wt% PVDF / SiO2 spinning solution, 17kV, 19cm receiving distance, 0.9mL / h, spinning for 30min; Upper layer: 9wt% PVDF / SiO2 spinning solution, 15kV, 21cm receiving distance, 1.1mL / h, spinning for 25min; Antibacterial layer spinning and composite: 16wt% PLA / QCS (96:4) spinning solution, 16kV, 17cm receiving distance, 0.7mL / h, spinning for 20min; hot pressing at 85℃ and 0.15MPa for 12s, vacuum drying at 55℃ for 2.5h; Performance tests: 125Hz sound absorption coefficient 0.45, 1000Hz sound absorption coefficient 0.85, tensile strength 28MPa, E. coli inhibition rate 99.3%, formaldehyde release 0.008mg / m³.

[0039] Example 3: Please refer to the accompanying drawings in the instruction manual. Figures 1 to 9 As shown: Support layer preparation: Recycled polyester fiber (10μm) and low melting point polyester fiber are mixed at a ratio of 92:8, carded into a web (areal density 100g / m²), hot-pressed at 140℃ and 0.5MPa for 20s; treated with argon plasma (120W, 5min), immersed in 1wt%KH-550 solution for 2h, and dried at 70℃ for 30min. Gradient sound-absorbing layer spinning: Lower layer: 14wt%PVDF / SiO2 (85:15) spinning solution, 19kV, 15cm receiving distance, 0.5mL / h, spinning for 40min; Middle layer: 12wt% PVDF / SiO2 spinning solution, 18kV, 18cm receiving distance, 0.8mL / h, spinning for 35min; Upper layer: 10wt% PVDF / SiO2 spinning solution, 16kV, 20cm receiving distance, 1.2mL / h, spinning for 30min; Antibacterial layer spinning and composite: 18wt% PLA / QCS (95:5) spinning solution, 17kV, 18cm receiving distance, 0.9mL / h, spinning for 25min; hot pressing at 90℃ and 0.2MPa for 10s, vacuum drying at 60℃ for 2h; Performance tests: 125Hz sound absorption coefficient 0.48, 1000Hz sound absorption coefficient 0.88, tensile strength 30MPa, Staphylococcus aureus inhibition rate 99.5%, formaldehyde release 0.007mg / m³.

[0040] The specific usage and function of this embodiment: In this invention, for natural plant fibers, a low prestress is applied in the drafting process before weaving, so that it maintains a certain natural shrinkage tendency after weaving.

[0041] For synthetic fibers, high prestress is applied to keep them in a relatively stretched state after weaving.

[0042] Two fibers are interwoven on the same loom in a preset ratio. The difference in prestress will cause the fibers to deform to different degrees during subsequent use due to changes in ambient temperature and humidity or external forces.

[0043] Dynamic porosity adjustment principle: When the ambient temperature changes or the fabric is subjected to stress, the two different fiber materials will be stretched or contracted to different degrees, causing changes in the micropore size and improving the ability to absorb sound waves.

[0044] This dynamic adjustment mechanism allows the fabric to adapt to the sound absorption requirements of different noise frequency bands, achieving optimized wideband sound absorption performance without the need for additional structural design.

[0045] Synergistic effects with existing technologies: Combined with the original microporous structure, the dynamic pore design can reduce the fluctuation of the sound absorption coefficient in the 250-5000Hz frequency band by 15%-20%, and increase the noise reduction coefficient (NRC) to over 0.75.

[0046] Prestressing treatment does not affect the environmental friendliness of the fibers or the distribution of light-blocking agents. At the same time, it enhances the fabric's resistance to deformation and extends its service life by balancing the stress between fibers.

[0047] After the fiber is made into a thread, it passes above the carrying roller 204. The top plate 302 is raised in advance. After the fiber passes below the front pressure roller 304 and the rear pressure roller 305, the retracting electric cylinder 301 lowers the top plate 302, and the front pressure roller 304 and the rear pressure roller 305 lower to tension the fiber. Pipes are installed outside the water inlet pipe 201 and the water outlet pipe 202 to connect to the purification equipment for water circulation, so that water flow is generated in the front space inside the treatment equipment 2 to provide a cleaning function and clean the fibers that have passed through the water. Heater 5 is powered on and heated. The exhaust motor 401 is started to drive the exhaust fan 402 to rotate and draw in air. The air passes through heater 5 and is conveyed upward to provide the heat drying function and quickly dry the fiber. At the take-up position, the fiber end is passed between the two side rollers 902 and tied and fixed through the thread fixing hole 701. The drive motor 605 is started to drive the drive shaft 606 to rotate. The drive shaft 606 drives the linkage shaft 603 to rotate through the synchronous belt. The linkage shaft 603 drives the take-up wheel 7 to rotate through the gear for continuous take-up. During the winding process, the drive shaft 606 also drives the drive wheel 610 to rotate through the bevel gear. The drive wheel 610 drives the swing rod 611 to rotate continuously, which drives the drive frame 8 to reciprocate. By controlling the rack 801 to drive the driven gear 608 to rotate, the swing connecting rod 607 continues to swing, which drives the hinge seat 609 and the comb 9 to move, continuously adjusting the winding position so that the fiber is evenly wound on the outside of the winding wheel 7. After being cleaned, dried, and hot-pressed by the processing equipment, the material is wound up by the take-up device and sent to the textile equipment for spinning. Finally, it is prepared by hot pressing and shaping.

Claims

1. A textile sound-absorbing material based on nanofiber composite, characterized in that, include: The sound-absorbing fabric (1) is composed of a bottom layer fabric (101), a middle layer fabric (102) and a top layer fabric (103) hot-pressed together; The bottom layer fabric (101) is made of recycled polyester fiber, with 5-8 wt% low melting point polyester fiber as filler. It is surface etched by plasma and impregnated with 0.5-1 wt% silane coupling agent solution. The middle layer fabric (102) is made of polyvinylidene fluoride, and the filler is 10-15wt% nano silica and N,N-dimethylformamide / acetone mixed solvent, with a volume ratio of 7:3; The surface fabric (103) is made of polylactic acid, and the additives are 3-5 wt% chitosan quaternary ammonium salt and chloroform / dioxane mixed solvent, with a volume ratio of 6:

4.

2. The textile sound-absorbing material based on nanofiber composite as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The middle layer fabric (102) is a gradient pore nanofiber sound-absorbing layer, which adds a variable pore size structure and innovatively adds a dimension of key control parameters. By flexibly adjusting the pore size and distribution density, this structure can accurately adapt to the acoustic characteristics of different frequency bands, effectively optimize the interface impedance matching effect when sound energy is incident, greatly broaden the sound absorption frequency band, and significantly improve the stability and adaptability of sound absorption performance in complex sound field environments, providing a more flexible and efficient solution for acoustic control.

3. The textile sound-absorbing material based on nanofiber composite as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom layer fabric (101) is a modified recycled polyester nonwoven fabric support layer with a tensile strength ≥25MPa and a tear strength ≥5N / mm.

4. The textile sound-absorbing material based on nanofiber composite as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The surface fabric (103) is an antibacterial nanofiber functional layer with a pore size of 300-400nm and a porosity of 80-85%.

5. A continuous production equipment for textile sound-absorbing materials based on nanofiber composites, characterized in that, The device includes a processing device (2), with an inlet pipe (201) connected to the upper front end of the processing device (2) and an outlet pipe (202) connected to the lower front end of the processing device (2); a middle partition plate (203) is integrally provided inside the lower part of the processing device (2); seven sets of bearing rollers (204) are rotatably provided at the middle of the top of the processing device (2); the front and rear ends of the top of the processing device (2) are both notched structures; and support frames (3) are fixedly provided on the upper sides of both sides of the processing device (2).

6. The continuous production equipment for textile sound-absorbing materials based on nanofiber composites as described in claim 5, characterized in that, An electric cylinder (301) is fixedly installed in the middle of each of the support frames (3). A top plate (302) is fixedly installed at the telescopic ends of the two sets of electric cylinders (301). Four sets of guide rods (303) are fixedly installed on both sides of the bottom of the top plate (302). The guide rods (303) are slidably connected to the support frame (3). Three sets of front pressure rollers (304) are provided on the front rotating frame at the bottom of the top plate (302). Three sets of rear pressure rollers (305) are provided on the rear rotating frame at the bottom of the top plate (302). 5) Higher than the front pressure roller (304); the positions of the front pressure roller (304) and the rear pressure roller (305) are staggered with the position of the bearing roller (204); a round hole is opened on the lower rear side of the processing equipment (2), a motor frame (4) is fixedly installed on the front side of the round hole, an exhaust motor (401) is fixedly installed on the front side of the motor frame (4), and an exhaust fan (402) is fixedly installed on the shaft end of the motor frame (4); a grid-type heater (5) is fixedly installed in the middle of the rear side of the processing equipment (2).

7. A continuous production equipment for textile sound-absorbing materials based on nanofiber composites, characterized in that, The device includes a take-up reel (6), on which two sets of support frames (601) are integrally arranged on the front ends of both sides of the top of the take-up reel (6), and a cover (602) is hinged to the top of the take-up reel (6); a linkage shaft (603) is rotatably arranged on the left support frame (601); a sliding seat (604) is fixedly arranged in the middle of the rear side of the top of the take-up reel (6), and a transmission frame (8) is slidably arranged on the front side of the sliding seat (604); a drive motor (605) is fixedly arranged on the rear left side of the top of the take-up reel (6), and a drive shaft (606) is rotatably arranged on the rear left side of the top of the take-up reel (6), with a reducer drive connection between the drive motor (605) and the drive shaft (606); two sets of swing linkages (607) are hinged to the top of the take-up reel (6), and the swing linkages (607) are connected to the top of the take-up reel (6). A driven gear (608) is fixedly installed on the top of the rear rotating shaft of the device (6), and the swing link (607) is fixedly coaxially with the driven gear (608); the front ends of the two sets of swing links (607) are hinged with hinge seats (609), and the two sets of swing links (607) are parallel; a transmission wheel (610) is rotatably installed on the rear top of the take-up device (6), and a swing rod (611) is fixedly installed on the top of the transmission wheel (610); the bottom of the transmission wheel (610) is a bevel gear structure, and a bevel gear is installed at the right end of the transmission shaft (606) to mesh with the bevel gear structure of the transmission wheel (610); a synchronous belt drive is provided between the transmission shaft (606) and the linkage shaft (603); a take-up wheel (7) is provided between the support frame (601) and the cover (602).

8. The continuous production equipment for textile sound-absorbing materials based on nanofiber composites as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The winding reel (7) has a fixed line hole (701) in the middle. Both ends of the winding reel (7) are fitted with bearing sleeves (702) that rotate with the bearings. The bearing sleeves (702) are integrally fitted with flanges in the middle of their outer surfaces. A slot that matches the flange is provided between the support frame (601) and the cover (602). One end of the winding reel (7) is connected to the linkage shaft (603) by a gear transmission.

9. The continuous production equipment for textile sound-absorbing materials based on nanofiber composites as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The front side of the transmission frame (8) is integrally provided with a control rack (801), which meshes with two sets of driven gears (608); the swing rod (611) slides in the transmission frame (8).

10. The continuous production equipment for textile sound-absorbing materials based on nanofiber composites as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The front end of the hinge seat (609) is fixedly provided with a comb (9); the comb (9) is a U-shaped frame structure, and a lower roller (901) is rotatably provided in the middle of the bottom of the comb (9), and side rollers (902) are rotatably provided at both the front and rear ends of the comb (9).

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