Anti-explosion and anti-impact protection device based on piezoelectric effect

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of structure protection and energy recovery, in particular to an anti-explosion and anti-impact protection device based on the piezoelectric effect. The sacrificial hanging plate is arranged on the outer side of the box-shaped foundation and is used for directly bearing explosion or impact load; the connecting mechanism is connected with the sacrifice hanging plate and the box-shaped foundation and is used for transmitting the impact load from the sacrifice hanging plate to the box-shaped foundation and the piezoelectric unit in the box-shaped foundation; the piezoelectric unit is arranged in the box-shaped foundation and used for converting mechanical energy into electric energy based on the direct piezoelectric effect; the electric energy processing module is electrically connected with the piezoelectric unit and is used for processing the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric unit; and the transient energy storage module is electrically connected with the electric energy processing module and is used for storing the processed electric energy. According to the device, through the integrated design, energy recovery is achieved while the explosion impact load is resisted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of structural protection and energy recovery technology, specifically to an explosion-proof and impact-resistant protective device based on the piezoelectric effect. Background Technology

[0002] An explosion is a transient high-energy phenomenon. The mechanical kinetic energy released is usually rapidly dissipated in the form of shock waves, heat, and vibrations, causing significant damage to military facilities and important structures. Traditional blast and impact-resistant protection technologies mainly rely on passive energy absorption mechanisms, such as using high-strength materials (e.g., carbon fiber, steel fiber, explosion-proof steel plates) or structural designs (e.g., honeycomb buffer layers, negative Poisson's ratio structures) to disperse shock wave energy. However, these methods can only reduce the damage to structures caused by explosions; they fail to convert the dissipated energy into usable resources, resulting in the loss of explosion energy in a useless form. Meanwhile, traditional piezoelectric energy harvesting technologies are mostly designed for low-frequency vibrations (such as mechanical vibrations or bridge monitoring). Their piezoelectric unit layout and circuit design are difficult to adapt to extreme working conditions in explosion scenarios such as high frequency, high pressure and transient characteristics (millisecond-level duration). Existing piezoelectric energy devices also lack layered protection designs for explosion scenarios, which leads to brittle fracture of piezoelectric unit materials. Moreover, the instantaneous high pressure of the explosion load can easily cause the piezoelectric material to enter the nonlinear saturation region, resulting in polarization failure and low energy conversion efficiency, making it difficult to meet the long-term explosion resistance requirements of military bunkers or building structures.

[0003] Furthermore, in special scenarios such as covert military operations or critical basic energy infrastructure, on-site recovery of explosion energy can significantly reduce dependence on external power sources. However, current technologies have not yet provided a solution that combines blast resistance, high energy density, and rapid deployment capabilities. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a device that integrates explosion protection and energy conversion systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a blast-resistant and impact-resistant protective device based on the piezoelectric effect. This device, through an integrated design, achieves energy recovery while resisting explosive impact loads. Furthermore, the device employs a modular design, enabling rapid installation. When a part of the device's structure is damaged by an explosive load, the damaged module can be quickly disassembled and replaced, improving maintenance efficiency. Compared to traditional blast protection solutions with a main structural component, this protective device significantly enhances the functionality and repairability of military shelters and critical infrastructure structures under explosive loads, extending their service life.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is an explosion-proof and impact-resistant protective device based on the piezoelectric effect, comprising: Box-shaped foundation, serving as the mounting base; Sacrificial hanging plates are installed on the outside of the box-shaped foundation to directly withstand explosion or impact loads; A connecting mechanism connects the sacrificial hanging plate to the box-shaped foundation, used to transfer impact loads from the sacrificial hanging plate to the box-shaped foundation and its internal piezoelectric units; A piezoelectric unit, disposed inside the box-shaped foundation, is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy based on the positive piezoelectric effect; An electrical energy processing module, electrically connected to the piezoelectric unit, is used to process the electrical energy generated by the piezoelectric unit; The transient energy storage module is electrically connected to the power processing module and is used to store processed electrical energy.

[0006] Furthermore, the sacrificial plate includes a rigid layer and a polyurea layer covering the blast-facing and blast-backing surfaces of the rigid layer.

[0007] Furthermore, the rigid layer is one of a steel plate, a high-strength concrete plate, or a fiber-reinforced composite plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the box-shaped foundation includes a main shell with openings at the top and bottom, inside which a carrier for supporting multiple piezoelectric units is placed; a cover plate is provided above the carrier, and a support plate is provided below it. The support plate has a first cable outlet corresponding to each piezoelectric unit, through which the piezoelectric unit's wiring passes and connects to the equipment in the shockproof box; a bottom plate is provided at the bottom of the box-shaped foundation, and the shockproof box is installed between the support plate and the bottom plate. The shockproof box is used to house the power processing module and the wireless transmission module; a second cable outlet is opened in the center of the bottom plate to facilitate the connection between the power processing module in the shockproof box and the transient energy storage module on the outside of the device.

[0009] Furthermore, the connecting mechanism is a connecting spring assembly, which includes a spring and an upper connecting plate and a lower connecting plate respectively disposed at both ends of the spring; the upper connecting plate is connected to the sacrificial hanging plate, and the lower connecting plate is connected to the cover plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the mounting carrier is provided with an array of mounting slots for mounting piezoelectric units, and gaps and / or elastic pads are provided between each mounting slot.

[0011] Furthermore, the piezoelectric unit is composed of multiple piezoelectric laminates electrically connected in series or parallel.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a wireless transmission module, which is connected to the power processing module and is used to transmit the sensing data collected by the piezoelectric unit.

[0013] Furthermore, the power processing module includes an adaptive impedance matching circuit, which includes: Impedance sensing unit is used to monitor transient source impedance and module input impedance; The control algorithm unit is used to generate control signals based on impedance data; An impedance tuning network is used to dynamically adjust the equivalent reactance according to the control signal to achieve impedance matching.

[0014] Furthermore, the transient energy storage module is a supercapacitor energy storage module, which is connected to the power processing module via a line to store the converted current in the capacitor.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: First, this device integrates high-efficiency explosion and impact resistance, transient energy recovery, and intelligent monitoring, effectively overcoming the bottlenecks of traditional technologies such as energy dissipation and waste, slow response, and difficult maintenance. Specifically: 1) By combining the rigid layer of the sacrificial hanging plate with the polyurea layer and the flexible force transmission mechanism of the connecting spring, the explosion overpressure is effectively attenuated, the impact load is evenly distributed, the risk of damage to the protected structure is greatly reduced, and secondary damage caused by the splashing of rigid layer fragments is avoided, thus improving the safety and reliability of the overall protection.

[0016] 2) By integrating piezoelectric units into the explosion-proof structure, the undissipated mechanical energy of the explosion impact is efficiently converted into electrical energy using the positive piezoelectric effect. The energy is then captured to the maximum extent through an adaptive impedance matching circuit with microsecond-level response capability. Finally, the energy is stored by a transient energy storage module to provide power for internal equipment such as military bunkers and infrastructure, significantly reducing dependence on external energy sources and enhancing their ability to operate continuously under extreme conditions.

[0017] 3) The piezoelectric unit also has a self-sensing function, which can collect impact intensity, frequency and structural strain data in real time, and upload them to the cloud via a wireless transmission module for damage assessment and life prediction, so as to realize proactive early warning and intelligent management of structural health.

[0018] 4) In addition, the key components of the device adopt a modular design, which supports the rapid disassembly and replacement of locally damaged units, greatly improving maintenance efficiency, reducing the total life cycle cost, and giving the protection system excellent toughness and recoverability. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 Exploded view of the sacrificial hanging plate, box-shaped foundation, and cover plate of this invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of the carrier of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the piezoelectric unit of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a side view of the main housing of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a top view of the support plate of the present invention; Figure 6This is a top view of the base plate of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the transient energy storage module of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Sacrificial mounting plate; 2. Piezoelectric unit; 31. Power processing module; 32. Wireless transmission module; 4. Transient energy storage module; 5. Box-shaped foundation; 6. Spring; 7. Upper connecting plate; 8. Lower connecting plate; 9. Cover plate; 10. Main shell; 10a. Support plate; 10b. Base plate; 10c. First cable outlet; 10d. Second cable outlet; 10e. Bolt hole; 11. Mounting carrier; 11a. Piezoelectric unit mounting groove; 11b. Elastic pad; 12. Shockproof box; 12a. Line outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0022] like Figures 1-7 As shown, this invention discloses an explosion-proof and impact-resistant protective device based on the piezoelectric effect, comprising a box-shaped foundation 5 and a sacrificial mounting plate 1, a piezoelectric unit 2, an electrical energy processing module 31, and a transient energy storage module 4 mounted thereon. The box-shaped foundation 5 is used to accommodate the internal components and serve as the mounting base. The sacrificial mounting plate 1 is used to directly withstand explosion or impact loads. The piezoelectric unit 2 is disposed inside the box-shaped foundation 5 and is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy based on the positive piezoelectric effect. The electrical energy processing module 31 is electrically connected to the piezoelectric unit 2 and is used to process the electrical energy generated by the piezoelectric unit 2. The transient energy storage module 4 is electrically connected to the electrical energy processing module 31 and is used to store the processed electrical energy.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution, the sacrificial hanging plate 1 is connected to the box-shaped foundation 5 through a connecting mechanism.

[0024] The explosion-proof protection device adopts a layered layout from the outside to the inside. The outermost layer is the sacrificial hanging plate 1, which serves as the first line of defense directly bearing the impact of the explosion. It is a composite layered structure with a core rigid layer. The blast-facing and blast-backing surfaces of the rigid layer are respectively wrapped by the surface polyurea layer and the back polyurea layer. The three layers work together to absorb energy and homogenize the load.

[0025] Preferably, the polyurea layer is an explosion-proof and impact-resistant polyurea, characterized by a combination of high elasticity and hardness, and resistance to high-temperature environments, making the coating less prone to peeling and cracking. Both the surface polyurea layer and the back polyurea layer can absorb explosive impact energy through elastoplastic deformation and stress dispersion. The back polyurea layer can serve as a buffer layer for the piezoelectric unit 2, uniformly transferring the impact load to the piezoelectric unit 2 and preventing it from entering the nonlinear saturation region due to local overload, thus avoiding polarization failure. In addition, the back polyurea layer and the surface polyurea layer together form a rigid encapsulation layer, preventing fragments generated by the rigid layer from splashing and causing serious secondary damage.

[0026] Preferably, the rigid layer can be any one of steel plate, high-strength concrete slab, fiber-reinforced composite board, etc.; the rigid layer disperses the explosion energy through its own stiffness, and uniformly transfers the impact load to the back polyurea layer, reducing local pressure; the rigid layer and the polyurea layer form a synergistic protection method that combines rigidity and flexibility, taking into account both impact resistance and energy absorption capacity. This can not only avoid damage to equipment such as piezoelectric unit 2 and power processing module 31 due to excessive input explosion energy, but also uniformly transfer energy to piezoelectric unit 2, converting the explosion energy into electrical energy, thus protecting the protected structure while achieving energy capture.

[0027] The sacrificial plate 1 is elastically connected to the inner box-shaped foundation 5 via a connecting mechanism. This connecting mechanism includes a spring 6 and an upper connecting plate 7 and a lower connecting plate 8 welded to its two ends. The upper connecting plate 7 is fixed to the back of the sacrificial plate 1 with bolts, and the lower connecting plate 8 is similarly fixed to the cover plate 9 of the box-shaped foundation 5 with bolts. Multiple connecting spring assemblies undergo elastic deformation under explosive loads, increasing the load application time and uniformly transferring the explosive load to the piezoelectric unit 2. At the same time, the connecting springs provide restoring force for the sacrificial plate 1, enabling the sacrificial plate 1 to self-reset and improving the disaster resistance of the device.

[0028] The box-shaped foundation 5 serves as the main support and core cavity of the entire device, closely attached to the protected structure. The box-shaped foundation 5 includes a main shell 10 with openings at the top and bottom. Inside the main shell 10 is a mounting carrier 11, used to precisely support and protect multiple piezoelectric units 2. A cover plate 9 is located above the mounting carrier 11, and a support plate 10a is located below it. The support plate 10a is detachable and has a first cable outlet 10c corresponding to each piezoelectric unit, allowing the wiring of the piezoelectric unit 2 to pass through and connect to the equipment in the shockproof box 12. A base plate 10 is located at the bottom of the box-shaped foundation 5. b. An impact-resistant box 12 is installed between the support plate 10a and the base plate 10b. The impact-resistant box 12 is used to house the power processing module 31 and the wireless transmission module 32. A second cable outlet 10d is opened in the center of the base plate 10b to facilitate the connection between the power processing module 31 in the impact-resistant box 12 and the transient energy storage module 4 on the outside of the device. At the same time, several bolt holes 10e are opened in the base plate 10b to connect the overall explosion-proof protection device to the protected structure through bolt connection. Finally, epoxy resin is used to seal the connection between the cover plate 9 and the main housing 10.

[0029] Preferably, the mounting carrier 11 includes piezoelectric unit mounting slots 11a arranged in an array, with gaps and / or isolation between each mounting slot by an elastic pad 11b to avoid the impact of external impacts on the piezoelectric units 2; the mounting carrier 11 is made of high-strength insulating material to ensure electrical isolation between each piezoelectric unit 2; the bottom of the piezoelectric unit mounting slot 11a is provided with a wire connection interface for quick docking with the power processing module 31; preferably, the mounting carrier 11 contacts and engages with the inner wall of the main housing 10 to achieve precise positioning of the mounting carrier 11.

[0030] The mounting carrier 11 can be made of materials such as fiberglass resin. While supporting the piezoelectric unit 2, the mounting carrier 11 also independently protects the piezoelectric unit 2, preventing adjacent piezoelectric units 2 from squeezing each other. In addition, the various components of the box-shaped base 5 are modularly installed, and the box-shaped base 5 and the protected structure are also assembled, thereby achieving the purpose of tough protection for local damage and local replacement.

[0031] In summary, the blast shock wave acts sequentially on the sacrificial hanging plate 1, the connecting mechanism, the box-shaped foundation 5 and its internal piezoelectric unit 2, and the protected structure. This design achieves multi-level coordinated protection through external energy absorption, flexible transmission and internal energy conversion.

[0032] Preferably, the piezoelectric unit 2 is composed of multiple circular piezoelectric sheets electrically connected in series or parallel. The piezoelectric sheets are made of composite piezoelectric materials with high toughness and strong impact resistance, such as composite materials of piezoelectric polymers and flexible substrates, or inorganic-organic composite piezoelectric materials, to adapt to the high-frequency, high-pressure, and complex multi-stress conditions caused by explosive impacts. When the piezoelectric unit 2 is subjected to mechanical stress such as explosive impacts, based on the positive piezoelectric effect, its internal lattice deforms to generate charges, thereby forming a current and realizing the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. Simultaneously, the piezoelectric unit 2 also has a self-sensing function, capable of collecting the intensity and frequency distribution of explosive impacts and the dynamic strain data of the structure in real time. This data is uploaded to a cloud platform via a wireless transmission module 32, and combined with a preset damage feature extraction algorithm, it enables the assessment of structural damage status and prediction of remaining life, thereby providing early warning of structural failure risks and enhancing the active safety of the protection system.

[0033] As a preferred technical solution, the wireless transmission module 32 is preferably a LoRa module to support low-power, long-distance, and strong anti-interference data transmission.

[0034] Preferably, the power processing module 31 incorporates an adaptive impedance matching circuit, whose core working mechanism is a closed-loop feedback control of impedance monitoring, algorithm decision-making, and impedance tuning, in order to achieve the dynamic impedance matching required for efficient capture of transient explosion energy.

[0035] Preferably, the adaptive impedance matching circuit specifically includes an impedance sensing unit, a control algorithm unit, and an impedance tuning network.

[0036] The impedance sensing unit uses a directional coupler combined with an impedance analyzer chip as the core sensing element. The directional coupler collects the incident power signal of the transient power source and the reflected power signal of the module input side, and inputs them to the impedance analyzer chip. The chip calculates the reflection coefficient, analyzes the amplitude and phase parameters of the transient source impedance and the current input impedance of the module, and converts the impedance data into digital signals and outputs them to the control algorithm unit.

[0037] The control algorithm unit uses an MCU or FPGA as the core processor and incorporates optimization algorithms such as gradient descent adaptive algorithm, genetic algorithm or minimum reflection power algorithm. After receiving impedance data, the unit compares the transient source impedance with the target matching impedance in real time, calculates the reactance compensation required by the impedance tuning network, and generates the corresponding PWM control signal.

[0038] The impedance tuning network employs an L-type or π-type adjustable reactance topology, with its core components being a variable capacitor and a variable inductor. After receiving the PWM control signal, the network dynamically adjusts its equivalent reactance value by regulating the reverse bias voltage of the variable capacitor or the core position / tap position of the variable inductor. This allows the module's input impedance to approximate the conjugate value of the transient source impedance in real time, thereby minimizing reflected power and improving energy transfer efficiency. The response period of this closed-loop feedback system can reach the microsecond level, significantly faster than the rise time of the transient pulse current, effectively overcoming the impedance mismatch and reduced energy capture efficiency problems caused by capacitor charging and discharging delays in traditional rectifier circuits.

[0039] Preferably, the power processing module 31 is integrated into an impact-resistant box 12 made of composite materials such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic, which not only achieves modular installation and electromagnetic shielding, but also effectively resists the physical impact of explosive loads on precision circuits, ensuring the reliable execution of functions such as AC / DC conversion, voltage stabilization and circuit protection.

[0040] Preferably, the transient energy storage module 4 can be a supercapacitor energy storage module. The transient energy storage module 4 is connected to the power processing module 31 via a line, and stores the converted current in the capacitor, thereby realizing energy capture; the recovered explosion energy can be converted into electrical energy to power the internal equipment of military bunkers, infrastructure and other structures.

[0041] The assembly process of the explosion-proof and impact-resistant protective device based on the piezoelectric effect includes the following steps: First, prepare the sacrificial hanging plate 1: grind the surface of the steel plate or high-strength concrete plate that serves as the rigid layer smooth and clean it. Use an orthogonal cross-spraying process to evenly spray polyurea material onto its surface in 2 to 3 times to form a surface polyurea layer of about 5 mm thick. After standing for 24 hours to cure, repeat the above spraying process on the back of the rigid layer to form a back polyurea layer, thereby completing the composite structure fabrication of the sacrificial hanging plate 1.

[0042] Secondly, install the connecting springs: Bolt holes are drilled at the four corners of the sacrificial hanging plate 1 and the cover plate 9 of the box-shaped foundation 5. Springs 6 are then welded to the upper connecting plate 7 and the lower connecting plate 8 to form connecting spring assemblies. Subsequently, the upper connecting plate 7 is fixed to the back of the sacrificial hanging plate 1, and the lower connecting plate 8 is fixed to the cover plate 9 using bolts. The horizontal distance between the center of each connecting spring and the edge of the cover plate 9 is controlled between 5.0 and 8.0 cm, achieving an elastic connection between the sacrificial hanging plate 1 and the box-shaped foundation 5.

[0043] Next, the piezoelectric unit 2 and the carrier 11 are assembled: the circular piezoelectric stacks are ultrasonically cleaned with acetone or isopropanol, and multiple piezoelectric stacks are connected to form the piezoelectric unit 2 using an adhesive; an integrated carrier 11 is prepared using a special mold, the piezoelectric unit 2 is placed inside the carrier 11, and the whole assembly is placed inside the main shell 10 of the box-shaped base 5; the lead wires of the piezoelectric unit 2 are introduced into the main shell 10 through the first outlet 10c preset on the support plate 10a of the main shell 10.

[0044] Next, the power processing module 31 and the wireless transmission module 32 are encapsulated: the circuitry of the piezoelectric unit 2 is connected to the power processing module 31, and then the wireless transmission module 32 is connected. The modules are then placed inside the shockproof box 12, and the interface between the shockproof box 12 and the base plate 10b of the main housing 10 is sealed with epoxy resin. The support plate 10a of the main housing 10 is then placed on top, and the entire main housing 10 is encapsulated with epoxy resin to ensure the protection and insulation of the internal modules.

[0045] Finally, install the entire device: use bolts to fix the entire explosion-proof protection device to the protected structure through the bolt holes 10e on the base plate 10b of the main housing 10, and complete the installation work.

[0046] Those skilled in the art should understand that this invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The descriptions in the above embodiments and specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection claimed by this invention. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An explosion-proof and impact-resistant protective device based on the piezoelectric effect, characterized in that, include: Box-shaped foundation, serving as the mounting base; Sacrificial hanging plates are installed on the outside of the box-shaped foundation to directly withstand explosion or impact loads; A connecting mechanism connects the sacrificial hanging plate to the box-shaped foundation, used to transfer impact loads from the sacrificial hanging plate to the box-shaped foundation and its internal piezoelectric units; A piezoelectric unit, disposed inside the box-shaped foundation, is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy based on the positive piezoelectric effect; An electrical energy processing module, electrically connected to the piezoelectric unit, is used to process the electrical energy generated by the piezoelectric unit; The transient energy storage module is electrically connected to the power processing module and is used to store processed electrical energy.

2. The explosion-proof and impact-resistant protective device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sacrificial plate includes a rigid layer and a polyurea layer covering the blast-facing and blast-backing surfaces of the rigid layer.

3. The explosion-proof and impact-resistant protective device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rigid layer is one of a steel plate, a high-strength concrete plate, or a fiber-reinforced composite plate.

4. The explosion-proof and impact-resistant protective device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The box-shaped foundation includes a main shell with openings at the top and bottom. Inside the main shell, a carrier that supports multiple piezoelectric units is placed. A cover plate is provided above the carrier, and a support plate is provided below. The support plate has a first cable outlet corresponding to each piezoelectric unit, through which the piezoelectric unit's wiring passes and connects to the equipment in the shockproof box. The bottom of the box-shaped foundation has a base plate, and the shockproof box is installed between the support plate and the base plate. The shockproof box is used to house the power processing module and the wireless transmission module. A second cable outlet is opened in the center of the base plate to facilitate the connection between the power processing module in the shockproof box and the transient energy storage module on the outside of the device.

5. The explosion-proof and impact-resistant protective device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The connecting mechanism is a connecting spring assembly, which includes a spring and an upper connecting plate and a lower connecting plate respectively disposed at both ends of the spring; the upper connecting plate is connected to the sacrificial hanging plate, and the lower connecting plate is connected to the cover plate.

6. The explosion-proof and impact-resistant protective device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mounting carrier is provided with piezoelectric unit mounting slots arranged in an array, and gaps and / or elastic pads are provided between each mounting slot.

7. The explosion-proof and impact-resistant protective device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piezoelectric unit is composed of multiple piezoelectric laminates electrically connected in series or parallel.

8. The explosion-proof and impact-resistant protective device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a wireless transmission module, which is connected to the power processing module and is used to transmit the sensing data collected by the piezoelectric unit.

9. The explosion-proof and impact-resistant protective device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power processing module includes an adaptive impedance matching circuit, which comprises: Impedance sensing unit is used to monitor transient source impedance and module input impedance; The control algorithm unit is used to generate control signals based on impedance data; An impedance tuning network is used to dynamically adjust the equivalent reactance according to the control signal to achieve impedance matching.

10. The explosion-proof and impact-resistant protective device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The transient energy storage module is a supercapacitor energy storage module. The transient energy storage module is connected to the power processing module through a line and stores the converted current in the capacitor.

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