Hard strap state monitoring system based on multi-mode sensing data

Abstract

The invention discloses a hard pressing plate state monitoring system based on multi-mode sensing data, and relates to the technical field of transformer substation relay protection automation device monitoring, and the system comprises a state collection module which is used for being installed on a screen cabinet where a hard pressing plate is located in a magnetic attraction mode, and collecting the in-service and out-of-service state data of the hard pressing plate; and the data processing module is used for receiving and analyzing the on-off state data sent by the state acquisition module and determining the current state of the hard pressing plate. Non-intrusive installation is achieved in a magnetic attraction mode, an original screen cabinet does not need to be transformed, power failure construction is avoided, and installation is convenient and fast; by adopting a modulated infrared signal and combining with an asymmetric light path structure, the ambient light interference is effectively resisted, and the state recognition accuracy is improved; through the composite energy supply assembly composed of the amorphous silicon thin film solar panel and the super capacitor and in cooperation with a time-sharing wake-up mechanism, self-sustaining of power supply is achieved, and the problem that wiring depends on or batteries are frequently replaced is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of monitoring technology for substation relay protection automation devices, specifically a hard plate condition monitoring system based on multimodal sensor data. Background Technology

[0002] As a key component of substation relay protection automation devices, the status of hard switchboards directly affects the correct operation of the relay protection system and the safe and stable operation of the power system. For a long time, monitoring the status of hard switchboards has mainly relied on manual on-site inspections, requiring maintenance personnel to check numerous hard switchboards one by one to confirm their status. This method is an important part of the traditional substation operation and maintenance system, but it has revealed significant efficiency and reliability issues in practical applications, making it difficult to meet the high-precision and high-efficiency requirements of modern power systems for relay protection device status monitoring.

[0003] To address the drawbacks of manual inspection, various online monitoring technologies for hard pressure plates have been explored in related fields. Currently, they are mainly divided into three categories: embedded, external wired (magnetic sensing, such as Hall sensors), and external wireless, such as microswitches, accelerometers, and light sensors.

[0004] However, these technologies still have the following problems: embedded installations require modification of the original pressure plate cabinet, necessitate power outages, have a large impact range, and are costly to modify; external wired installations require wiring on the pressure plate surface inside the screen, making construction complex and costly; in external wireless installations, microswitches pose safety hazards due to contact with the hard pressure plate, accelerometer gyroscopes are bulky and affect subsequent operation, and photosensitive installations are susceptible to ambient light interference and have weak anti-interference capabilities, making it difficult to achieve stable and reliable monitoring of the hard pressure plate status. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a hard platen status monitoring system based on multimodal sensor data. This system solves the problems of existing technologies, such as: embedded systems requiring modification of the original platen cabinet, necessitating power outages, resulting in a large impact area and high modification costs; external wired systems requiring wiring on the platen surface within the screen, leading to complex construction and high costs; and external wireless systems where microswitches pose safety hazards due to contact with the hard platen, accelerometers are bulky and affect subsequent operation, and photosensitive systems are susceptible to ambient light interference and have weak anti-interference capabilities. All these technologies struggle to achieve stable and reliable monitoring of the hard platen status.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a hard platen status monitoring system based on multimodal sensing data, the system comprising:

[0007] The status acquisition module is used to be installed magnetically in the cabinet where the hard pressure plate is located to collect the deployment and retraction status data of the hard pressure plate;

[0008] The data processing module is used to receive and parse the deployment / retraction status data sent by the status acquisition module to determine the current status of the hard plate.

[0009] The status acquisition module includes:

[0010] An infrared sensing unit is used to transmit a modulated infrared detection signal to the hard platen and receive the infrared detection signal reflected from the hard platen to generate a reflected signal reflecting the deployment / retraction state of the hard platen.

[0011] A power management unit is used to provide operating power to the status acquisition module. The power management unit includes a composite power supply component and an energy storage management circuit. The composite power supply component integrates a power-collecting component that performs photoelectric conversion under preset illumination conditions. The energy storage management circuit is electrically connected to the composite power supply component and is used to store and dispatch electrical energy.

[0012] The status processing unit is used to determine the deployment / retraction status of the hard plate based on the reflected signal generated by the infrared sensing unit, and to digitally encode the deployment / retraction status data.

[0013] The wireless communication unit is used to wirelessly transmit the deployment / retreat status data encoded by the status processing unit to the data processing module.

[0014] Furthermore, the infrared sensing unit includes:

[0015] A signal modulator is used to modulate and encode the infrared detection signal, wherein the modulation and encoding employs pulse width modulation or frequency shift keying technology.

[0016] An infrared transmitter for transmitting the infrared detection signal modulated by the signal modulator;

[0017] An infrared receiver is used to receive the reflected signal;

[0018] The infrared transmitter and the infrared receiver are arranged using an asymmetric optical path structure.

[0019] Furthermore, the deployment process of the asymmetric optical path structure includes:

[0020] Determine the emission optical axis of the infrared emitter and set the emission angle of the emission optical axis;

[0021] Determine the receiving optical axis of the infrared receiver and set the receiving angle of the receiving optical axis;

[0022] The transmission angle is not equal to the reception angle.

[0023] Furthermore, the emission angle is set to 15 degrees and the reception angle is set to 30 degrees.

[0024] Furthermore, the power-taking component of the power management unit is an amorphous silicon thin-film solar panel; the energy storage management circuit integrates a supercapacitor as an energy storage element.

[0025] Furthermore, the power dispatching process of the power management unit includes:

[0026] Monitor ambient light intensity;

[0027] When the ambient light intensity is greater than or equal to the preset light threshold, the amorphous silicon thin-film solar panel is driven to perform photoelectric conversion, and part of the converted electrical energy is supplied to the status acquisition module for operation, and the other part is used to charge the supercapacitor.

[0028] When the ambient light intensity is less than the preset light threshold, the supercapacitor supplies power to the status acquisition module.

[0029] The preset illumination threshold is 200 Lux.

[0030] Furthermore, the status acquisition module also includes an energy flow optimization controller, which is used to execute a time-sharing wake-up mechanism;

[0031] The execution process of the time-sharing wake-up mechanism includes:

[0032] During each work cycle, the status acquisition module is put into a sleep state;

[0033] At a preset wake-up time within the work cycle, the status acquisition module is woken up from the sleep state to the working state and maintained for a preset working duration.

[0034] After the preset working time expires, the status acquisition module re-enters the sleep state;

[0035] The working cycle is 30 seconds, and the preset working duration is no more than 13 milliseconds.

[0036] Furthermore, the process by which the state processing unit determines the engagement / disengagement state of the hard pressure plate includes:

[0037] Obtain the light intensity value of the reflected signal received by the infrared receiver;

[0038] The light intensity value is compared with the preset projection state light intensity threshold and the de-projection state light intensity threshold;

[0039] When the light intensity value meets the activation criterion, it is determined that the hard plate is in the activation state;

[0040] When the light intensity value meets the de-state criterion, it is determined that the hard plate is in the de-state.

[0041] The engagement or withdrawal status is converted into a corresponding digital status signal, which serves as the engagement / withdrawal status data.

[0042] Furthermore, the wireless communication unit is a communication module with integrated low power consumption.

[0043] Furthermore, the system also includes a housing, in which the infrared sensing unit, the power management unit, the status processing unit, and the wireless communication unit are all encapsulated; the outer wall of the housing is provided with a magnetic mounting structure, which is a permanent magnet.

[0044] Beneficial effects

[0045] This invention achieves non-intrusive installation via magnetic attraction, eliminating the need to modify existing cabinets and avoiding power outages, making installation convenient. It employs modulated infrared signals combined with an asymmetric optical path structure to effectively resist ambient light interference and improve the accuracy of status identification. A composite power supply component consisting of an amorphous silicon thin-film solar panel and a supercapacitor, coupled with a time-sharing wake-up mechanism, enables self-sufficiency in power supply, solving the problems of reliance on wiring or frequent battery replacements. A wireless communication unit enables wireless data transmission, reducing line interference and aging risks. The entire system can operate stably and reliably in the complex environment of substations, improving the efficiency and reliability of hard-plate status monitoring, reducing operation and maintenance costs, and providing a guarantee for the correct operation of relay protection systems and the safe and stable operation of the power system. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a system structure diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a hard platen status monitoring system based on multimodal sensing data, the system comprising:

[0049] The status acquisition module is installed magnetically in the cabinet where the hard pressure plate is located to collect the deployment and retraction status data of the hard pressure plate;

[0050] The data processing module receives and parses the engagement / disengagement status data sent by the status acquisition module to determine the current status of the hard platen.

[0051] The status acquisition module includes:

[0052] The infrared sensing unit transmits modulated infrared detection signals to the hard platen and receives infrared detection signals reflected from the hard platen to generate a reflected signal reflecting the engagement / disengagement state of the hard platen.

[0053] The power management unit provides operating power to the status acquisition module. The power management unit includes a composite power supply component and an energy storage management circuit. The composite power supply component integrates a power-collecting component that performs photoelectric conversion under preset illumination conditions. The energy storage management circuit is electrically connected to the composite power supply component and is used to store and dispatch electrical energy.

[0054] The status processing unit determines the engagement / disengagement status of the hard plate based on the reflected signal generated by the infrared sensing unit, and digitally encodes the engagement / disengagement status data.

[0055] The wireless communication unit wirelessly transmits the deployment / retreat status data encoded by the status processing unit to the data processing module.

[0056] Among them, magnetic installation refers to fixing the device to the surface of the cabinet where the hard plate is located through a magnetic adsorption structure. This can be achieved by using permanent magnets or electromagnets. This method does not require modification of the cabinet structure and avoids power outages for construction.

[0057] Among them, the engagement / disengagement status data refers to the status information reflecting whether the hard pressure plate is in the engagement or disengagement position. Specifically, it can be generated by the difference in light intensity of infrared reflected signals and is used to replace manual visual judgment.

[0058] Among them, the infrared sensing unit refers to the detection device based on infrared light emission and reception. Specifically, it can be implemented by using modulated and coded infrared detection signals and asymmetric optical path structure. The position of the hard plate is identified by analyzing the changes in the intensity of the reflected signal, thereby reducing ambient light interference.

[0059] Among them, the composite power supply component refers to a power supply unit that integrates multiple energy acquisition methods. Specifically, it can be achieved by combining amorphous silicon thin-film solar panels with supercapacitors. It can still maintain system operation when the light conditions are insufficient, thus solving the problem of unstable power supply for embedded wireless devices.

[0060] Digital encoding refers to converting the state of the hard plate into a transmittable digital signal, which can be achieved using binary encoding or a specific communication protocol, facilitating wireless transmission and remote processing.

[0061] The wireless communication unit refers to a low-power remote data transmission module, which can be implemented using a low-power LoRa chip to avoid wiring and reduce energy consumption.

[0062] The core innovation of this invention lies in integrating non-contact infrared detection, composite power supply, and magnetic installation technology to form a self-powered, modification-free hard plate status monitoring solution. By suppressing environmental interference through asymmetric optical path design and combining a time-sharing wake-up mechanism with supercapacitor energy storage, it achieves low-power, stable operation, solving the problems of complex installation, limited power supply, and poor anti-interference capabilities in existing technologies.

[0063] The working process and principle of this invention are as follows: the rigid pressure plate status monitoring system includes a status acquisition module and a data processing module. The status acquisition module is magnetically installed in the cabinet where the rigid pressure plate is located, and collects the engagement / disengagement status data of the rigid pressure plate. The data processing module receives and parses the engagement / disengagement status data sent by the status acquisition module to determine the current status of the rigid pressure plate.

[0064] The status acquisition module consists of an infrared sensing unit, a power management unit, a status processing unit, and a wireless communication unit. The infrared sensing unit transmits modulated infrared detection signals to the rigid pressure plate and receives infrared detection signals reflected from the plate, generating a reflected signal reflecting the plate's engagement / disengagement status. The power management unit provides operating power to the status acquisition module and includes a composite power supply component and an energy storage management circuit. The composite power supply component integrates a power extraction component that performs photoelectric conversion under preset illumination conditions. The energy storage management circuit is electrically connected to the composite power supply component to store and manage electrical energy. The status processing unit determines the engagement / disengagement status of the rigid pressure plate based on the reflected signal generated by the infrared sensing unit and digitizes the engagement / disengagement status data. The wireless communication unit wirelessly transmits the encoded engagement / disengagement status data from the status processing unit to the data processing module.

[0065] When the system is in operation, the infrared sensing unit first emits a modulated infrared detection signal. This signal is reflected by the surface of the rigid pressure plate and received by the infrared sensing unit, forming a reflected signal. The status processing unit analyzes the characteristics of the reflected signal to determine whether the rigid pressure plate is currently in an engaged or disengaged state, and encodes the status information. The wireless communication unit sends the encoded status data to the data processing module. The data processing module parses the received data and ultimately determines the real-time status of the rigid pressure plate.

[0066] The power management unit collects ambient light energy through a composite power supply component, and the energy storage management circuit stores and dispatches the electrical energy to ensure the continuous operation of the status acquisition module. The magnetic installation method facilitates quick installation and removal of the status acquisition module without modifying the existing equipment.

[0067] This solution employs modulated infrared detection signals, effectively resisting ambient light interference. The hybrid power supply design eliminates the need for wiring or frequent battery replacements. Wireless transmission simplifies the installation process. These technical features collectively ensure the system's stability and reliability.

[0068] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0069] The rigid pressure plate status monitoring system includes a status acquisition module and a data processing module. The status acquisition module is magnetically installed on the outer wall of the cabinet where the rigid pressure plate is located.

[0070] The status acquisition module includes an infrared sensing unit, a power management unit, a status processing unit, and a wireless communication unit. The infrared sensing unit consists of a signal modulator, an infrared transmitter, and an infrared receiver. The signal modulator performs pulse width modulation on the infrared detection signal. The infrared transmitter transmits the modulated infrared detection signal, and the infrared receiver receives the reflected signal.

[0071] The power management unit includes a hybrid power supply module and an energy storage management circuit. The hybrid power supply module uses an amorphous silicon thin-film solar panel as the power source. The energy storage management circuit integrates a supercapacitor as the energy storage element.

[0072] The status processing unit uses a low-power microcontroller to execute signal processing algorithms and determine the engagement / disengagement status of the hard platen. The wireless communication unit uses LoRa technology for data transmission.

[0073] When the system is operating, the infrared transmitter emits a modulated infrared detection signal. The signal is reflected by the surface of the rigid pressure plate and received by the infrared receiver. The status processing unit analyzes the light intensity characteristics of the received signal to determine the status of the rigid pressure plate. The wireless communication unit sends the status data to the data processing module. The data processing module parses the data and determines the real-time status of the rigid pressure plate.

[0074] The power management unit drives the solar panels to generate electricity when there is sufficient sunlight, powering the system and charging the supercapacitor. When sunlight is insufficient, the supercapacitor provides power. The system employs a time-sharing wake-up mechanism, periodically waking from sleep mode to reduce power consumption.

[0075] The present invention further proposes that the infrared sensing unit includes a signal modulator, an infrared transmitter, and an infrared receiver, wherein the infrared transmitter and the infrared receiver are arranged in an asymmetric optical path structure.

[0076] The signal modulator encodes the infrared detection signal using pulse width modulation or frequency shift keying techniques to form a signal waveform with specific time or frequency characteristics. The infrared transmitter radiates the modulated infrared beam outward at a preset emission angle, while the infrared receiver sets its optical axis direction at a different angle than the emission angle, creating a spatially separated optical path layout. The specific angles of the emission and receiver are designed to match the installation position of the rigid pressure plate within the cabinet and the geometric characteristics of the reflective surface; for example, the emission angle is set to 15 degrees and the receiver angle to 30 degrees.

[0077] Specifically, the signal modulator converts constant-intensity infrared light into a periodically varying pulse sequence, enabling the reflected signal to carry identifiable coded features. The infrared transmitter projects a beam onto the surface of the rigid plate at a 15-degree tilt angle, avoiding direct reflection from adjacent metal components. The infrared receiver sets its optical axis at a 30-degree tilt angle, receiving only the modulated signal diffusely reflected from the rigid plate surface, blocking interference paths from direct transmitter light and ambient stray light. When the rigid plate is engaged, the reflective surface and the transmitting optical axis are directly aligned, maximizing the intensity of the reflected signal. When the rigid plate is disengaged, the angle of the reflective surface shifts, causing a sharp drop in received light intensity. By comparing the received signal intensity with a preset threshold, the engagement / disengagement status of the rigid plate can be accurately determined. This asymmetric optical path layout creates an angle between the transmitting and receiving optical paths in space, effectively suppressing ambient light interference and improving the reliability of signal detection.

[0078] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0079] The infrared sensing unit includes a signal modulator, an infrared transmitter, and an infrared receiver. The signal modulator modulates and encodes the infrared detection signal using pulse width modulation (PWM) or frequency shift keying (FSK) techniques. The infrared transmitter transmits the infrared detection signal modulated by the signal modulator. The infrared receiver receives the reflected signal. The infrared transmitter and receiver are deployed using an asymmetric optical path structure.

[0080] Specifically, the signal modulator can use a dedicated infrared encoding chip to modulate the infrared detection signal. The infrared transmitter can be an 850nm wavelength infrared light-emitting diode, and the infrared receiver can be a matching infrared photodiode. The asymmetric optical path structure can be achieved by adjusting the installation angles of the infrared transmitter and receiver.

[0081] The present invention further proposes a process for arranging an asymmetric optical path structure, including: determining the emission optical axis of the infrared transmitter and setting the emission angle of the emission optical axis; determining the receiving optical axis of the infrared receiver and setting the receiving angle of the receiving optical axis; wherein the emission angle is not equal to the receiving angle.

[0082] The transmitting optical axis is defined as the main radiation direction axis of the infrared detection signal, and the receiving optical axis is defined as the main receiving direction axis of the reflected signal. The emission angle is adjusted by adjusting the installation tilt angle of the infrared transmitter, and the receiving angle is adjusted by adjusting the installation tilt angle of the infrared receiver. The difference between the emission angle and the receiving angle is set to a non-zero value; for example, if the emission angle is 15 degrees and the receiving angle is 30 degrees, the two form a 15-degree angle difference.

[0083] Specifically, during installation, the infrared transmitter emits a modulated infrared detection signal at a 15-degree tilt angle towards the surface of the rigid platen, while the infrared receiver receives the reflected signal at a 30-degree tilt angle. Due to the asymmetrical angle between the optical paths of the transmitter and receiver, the reflected components of ambient stray light along the same path are effectively suppressed. When the rigid platen is in different deployment / retraction positions, the differences in its surface reflectivity cause significant changes in the intensity of the reflected signal. The asymmetrical optical path structure reduces ambient light interference through angle isolation, ensuring that the intensity of the reflected signal only reflects the state of the rigid platen itself. This structure improves the signal-to-noise ratio through a physical angle isolation mechanism, ensuring the reliability of state determination.

[0084] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0085] The deployment process of an asymmetric optical path structure includes the following steps:

[0086] First, determine the emission optical axis of the infrared emitter. The emission optical axis refers to the central axis along which the infrared light emitted by the infrared emitter is emitted.

[0087] Secondly, set the emission angle of the emission optical axis. The emission angle refers to the angle between the emission optical axis and the normal to the surface of the hardened pressure plate.

[0088] Next, the receiving optical axis of the infrared receiver is determined. The receiving optical axis refers to the central axis along which the infrared receiver receives reflected infrared light.

[0089] Next, set the receiving angle of the receiving optical axis. The receiving angle refers to the angle between the receiving optical axis and the normal to the surface of the hardened pressure plate.

[0090] Finally, ensure that the transmit angle is not equal to the receive angle. This asymmetrical setup can effectively reduce ambient light interference and improve signal reception quality.

[0091] The present invention further proposes that the transmission angle be set to 15 degrees and the reception angle be set to 30 degrees.

[0092] The emission angle is set to 15 degrees, which allows the infrared emitter's beam to cover the surface of the hard platen with a small divergence angle, ensuring that the detection signal is concentrated on the target area. The receiving angle is set to 30 degrees, which expands the field of view of the infrared receiver and can effectively capture reflected signals generated by different deployment and retraction positions of the hard platen. The difference between the two angles forms a complementary relationship, and the asymmetry between the emission and receiving angles achieves optimal matching of the optical path coverage through specific values.

[0093] Specifically, the infrared transmitter outputs a modulated detection signal at a 15-degree emission angle, focusing the beam onto the surface of the rigid pressure plate to form a spot approximately 5 cm in diameter, preventing excessive signal diffusion and energy loss. The infrared receiver covers the reflective area within the deployment and retraction range of the rigid pressure plate at a 30-degree reception angle. When the rigid pressure plate is deployed, the reflective surface and the receiver form the optimal incident angle, maximizing the reflected signal intensity. When the rigid pressure plate is retracted, the tilted reflective surface significantly reduces the light intensity captured by the receiver. This angle combination allows the receiver to obtain differentiated light intensity signals in the two states, while suppressing stray ambient light reflected from the metal surface inside the cabinet from entering the receiving field of view. Actual measurement data shows that ambient light interference intensity is reduced to 23% of its original value. By fixing the angle parameters, subjective experience factors during optical path debugging are eliminated, ensuring consistency of detection results under different installation scenarios.

[0094] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0095] The emission angle is set to 15 degrees, and the reception angle is set to 30 degrees. Specifically, the emission optical axis of the infrared emitter forms a 15-degree angle with the normal direction of the hard platen surface, while the reception optical axis of the infrared receiver forms a 30-degree angle with the normal direction of the hard platen surface. This asymmetric optical path design allows the infrared detection signal to be incident on the hard platen surface at the optimal angle, and the reflected signal can be efficiently captured by the infrared receiver.

[0096] The present invention further proposes that the power supply unit's power-taking component is an amorphous silicon thin-film solar panel; and that the energy storage management circuit integrates a supercapacitor as an energy storage element.

[0097] The amorphous silicon thin-film solar panel is made of amorphous silicon material, with multiple thin film layers covering its surface, forming a pn junction structure between the layers. The supercapacitor consists of two polarized electrodes and an electrolyte, with activated carbon material coated on the electrode surfaces. The amorphous silicon thin-film solar panel and the supercapacitor are connected via a voltage regulator in the energy storage management circuit, which integrates a charge / discharge control chip.

[0098] This invention further proposes that the power management unit's power dispatching process includes: monitoring ambient light intensity; when the ambient light intensity is greater than or equal to a preset light threshold, driving the amorphous silicon thin-film solar panel to perform photoelectric conversion, supplying part of the converted power to the status acquisition module and the other part to charge the supercapacitor; when the ambient light intensity is less than the preset light threshold, the supercapacitor supplies power to the status acquisition module; the preset light threshold is 200 Lux.

[0099] The ambient light intensity is monitored using a photosensitive sensor, whose sampling frequency is synchronized with the operating cycle of the status acquisition module. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the amorphous silicon thin-film solar panel is positively correlated with the incident light intensity; when the light intensity reaches 200 Lux, its output power can cover the instantaneous power consumption requirements of the status acquisition module. The charging and discharging control of the supercapacitor consists of a voltage comparator and a MOSFET switch. When the output voltage of the solar panel is detected to be lower than a set threshold, it automatically switches to capacitor discharge mode. The preset light threshold of 200 Lux is based on the minimum effective operating intensity of the amorphous silicon thin-film solar panel under typical substation panel lighting conditions.

[0100] Specifically, when the light intensity is above 200 Lux, the photosensitive sensor triggers the voltage comparator to activate the solar panel power supply circuit. At this time, the electrical energy generated by the solar panel is split into two paths by a DC-DC converter: one path directly powers the infrared sensing unit, status processing unit, and wireless communication unit; the other path injects charge into the supercapacitor through a constant current charging circuit. When the light intensity is below 200 Lux, the voltage comparator disconnects the solar panel power supply circuit and simultaneously activates the supercapacitor discharge circuit. The electrical energy stored in the capacitor is adjusted to the system operating voltage by a boost circuit. This scheduling mechanism, through real-time monitoring and threshold comparison, ensures that the status acquisition module can maintain continuous operation for at least 72 hours even when there is insufficient light inside the substation cabinet due to shading or day-night cycles. The 200 Lux threshold setting has been verified through multi-scenario testing and can effectively avoid frequent switching of power supply modes caused by brief shadows or instantaneous fluctuations in light intensity.

[0101] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0102] The power dispatching process of the power management unit includes the following steps:

[0103] First, the ambient light intensity is monitored. Specifically, ambient light data is collected in real time using a light sensor integrated into the power management unit.

[0104] Secondly, determine whether the ambient light intensity is greater than or equal to the preset light threshold. The preset light threshold is set to 200 Lux.

[0105] When the ambient light intensity is greater than or equal to 200 Lux, the amorphous silicon thin-film solar panel is driven to perform photoelectric conversion. The converted electrical energy is divided into two parts: one part directly supplies the status acquisition module, and the other part charges the supercapacitor.

[0106] When the ambient light intensity is less than 200 Lux, the status acquisition module is powered by a supercapacitor. The supercapacitor acts as an energy storage element, storing electrical energy when there is sufficient light and releasing it when there is insufficient light, ensuring the continuous operation of the status acquisition module.

[0107] The present invention further proposes that the state acquisition module also includes an energy flow optimization controller, which is used to execute a time-sharing wake-up mechanism. The execution process of the time-sharing wake-up mechanism includes: putting the state acquisition module into a sleep state during each working cycle; waking the state acquisition module from the sleep state to the working state at a preset wake-up time during the working cycle and maintaining it for a preset working duration; and putting the state acquisition module back into the sleep state after the preset working duration ends. The working cycle is 30 seconds and the preset working duration is no more than 13 milliseconds.

[0108] The time-sharing wake-up mechanism, through alternating periods of sleep and instantaneous wake-up, compresses the active time of the status acquisition module to the millisecond level. In sleep mode, the infrared sensing unit, wireless communication unit, and status processing unit are all in a power-off or low-power standby state. Upon wake-up, each unit is powered on and performs data acquisition, processing, and transmission tasks; power is immediately cut off upon completion of the tasks. The parameters for the working cycle and duration are set based on the low-frequency characteristics of the hard platen's state changes, ensuring that energy consumption is minimized while meeting real-time monitoring requirements.

[0109] Specifically, the energy flow optimization controller has a built-in timer that generates a wake-up pulse signal every 30 seconds. The wake-up pulse triggers the power management unit to supply power to each functional module. The status acquisition module completes infrared signal transmission, reflected signal reception, status judgment, and data transmission operations within 13 milliseconds. After data transmission is complete, the wireless communication unit automatically shuts down the RF link, the status processing unit clears the buffered data and resets, and the infrared sensing unit cuts off power to the transmission and reception circuits. After each unit completes its operation, the energy flow optimization controller cuts off the power supply circuit, causing the system to re-enter sleep mode until the next wake-up cycle. This mechanism concentrates the energy consumption of the status acquisition module within an extremely short time window, reducing single-cycle power consumption to 0.04% of that in sleep mode, significantly extending the power supply duration of the supercapacitor under no-light conditions.

[0110] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0111] The status acquisition module also includes an energy flow optimization controller, which is used to execute the time-sharing wake-up mechanism. The execution process of the time-sharing wake-up mechanism includes the following steps:

[0112] First, the status acquisition module is put into a sleep state during each work cycle.

[0113] Secondly, at a preset wake-up time within the working cycle, the status acquisition module is woken up from the sleep state to the working state and maintained for a preset working duration.

[0114] Finally, after the preset working time has ended, the status acquisition module is put back into sleep mode.

[0115] Specifically, the work cycle is set to 30 seconds, with a preset working duration of no more than 13 milliseconds. For example, the energy flow optimization controller can be set to wake up the status acquisition module every 30 seconds, with each wake-up lasting 10 milliseconds for data acquisition and transmission, before re-entering sleep mode. This periodic wake-up and sleep mechanism can effectively reduce system energy consumption and extend the lifespan of the equipment.

[0116] The present invention further proposes that the process of the state processing unit determining the engagement / disengagement state of the hard platen includes: acquiring the light intensity value of the reflected signal received by the infrared receiver; comparing the light intensity value with preset engagement light intensity thresholds and disengagement light intensity thresholds; determining that the hard platen is in the engagement state when the light intensity value meets the engagement criterion; determining that the hard platen is in the disengagement state when the light intensity value meets the disengagement criterion; and converting the engagement or disengagement state into corresponding digital state signals as engagement / disengagement state data.

[0117] The light intensity value is obtained by quantizing the analog signal output from the infrared receiver via an analog-to-digital converter. The light intensity thresholds for the on-state and off-state are pre-calibrated based on the differences in the optical characteristics of the reflective surface when the hard platen is in the on-state and off-state. The digital status signal uses binary encoding, with a high-level pulse corresponding to the on-state and a low-level pulse corresponding to the off-state.

[0118] Specifically, the reflected signal output from the infrared receiver is filtered and amplified before being input to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The ADC converts the analog signal into a digital light intensity value at a sampling rate of 1000 times per second. This light intensity value is compared with the on-state and off-state threshold ranges stored in non-volatile memory: when the light intensity value falls within the 2.5-3.2V range, it is determined to be in the on-state; when it falls within the 0.8-1.5V range, it is determined to be in the off-state. The determination result is encoded into an 8-bit binary data frame, where the highest bit indicates the state type: 10000000 for the on-state and 00000000 for the off-state. The encoded data frame is transmitted to the wireless communication unit via a serial communication interface, achieving low-power transmission of the state information.

[0119] As a preferred embodiment, the present invention is implemented as follows: When the infrared receiver receives the reflected signal, the light intensity value is quantized by an analog-to-digital converter. The on-state light intensity threshold is set to 3.2V, and the off-state light intensity threshold is set to 1.8V. When the quantized light intensity value reaches or exceeds 3.2V, the hard platen is determined to be in the on-state; when the light intensity value is lower than 1.8V, the hard platen is determined to be in the off-state. The state processing unit maps the on-state to binary code "01" and the off-state to binary code "00", and packages the encoded signals into data frames through a shift register.

[0120] The present invention further proposes that the process of the state processing unit determining the engagement / disengagement state of the hard platen includes: acquiring the light intensity value of the reflected signal received by the infrared receiver; comparing the light intensity value with preset engagement light intensity thresholds and disengagement light intensity thresholds; determining that the hard platen is in the engagement state when the light intensity value meets the engagement criterion; determining that the hard platen is in the disengagement state when the light intensity value meets the disengagement criterion; and converting the engagement or disengagement state into corresponding digital state signals as engagement / disengagement state data.

[0121] The light intensity value is quantized and generated by the photoelectric conversion device of the infrared receiver. The light intensity threshold for the on-state is set as the reference value when the reflected light path is not blocked, and the light intensity threshold for the off-state is set as the reference value after the reflected light path is blocked by the hard plate. The on-state criterion is that the light intensity value is 5%-15% higher than the on-state light intensity threshold, and the off-state criterion is that the light intensity value is 5%-15% lower than the off-state light intensity threshold. The digital status signal uses binary encoding, with a high-level signal corresponding to the on-state and a low-level signal corresponding to the off-state. The preset threshold is determined by calibrating the average reflected light intensity when the hard plate is in the fully on and fully off positions. The calibration process is performed under ambient light intensity conditions below 50 Lux.

[0122] Specifically, the infrared receiver converts the reflected signal into a voltage signal, which is then converted into a digital light intensity value by an analog-to-digital converter. This light intensity value is compared with the on-state threshold range of 1.8V-2.2V and the off-state threshold range of 0.3V-0.7V stored in the state processing unit. When the detected value is higher than 2.0V for three consecutive sampling cycles, it is determined to be in the on-state and a digital signal "1" is output; when the detected value is lower than 0.5V for three consecutive sampling cycles, it is determined to be in the off-state and a digital signal "0" is output. This dual-threshold comparison mechanism, combined with digital filtering, effectively eliminates the influence of instantaneous interference signals, ensuring the stability and reliability of the state judgment.

[0123] As a preferred embodiment, the present invention is implemented as follows: The wireless communication unit includes a LoRa chip, which is integrated in the RF region of the PCB board and connected to the status processing unit via an SPI interface. The communication module uses a ceramic patch antenna as the radiating element, and the antenna layout follows the microstrip line impedance matching rules, forming a 50-ohm characteristic impedance path with the chip's RF output pins. During data transmission, the status processing unit writes the encoded enable / disable status data in binary form into the LoRa chip's transmit buffer. The chip automatically performs forward error correction coding and uses a 125kHz bandwidth LoRa modulation method to complete wireless transmission in the 868MHz band with a transmit power of 14dBm.

[0124] The present invention further proposes a housing in which an infrared sensing unit, a power management unit, a status processing unit, and a wireless communication unit are all encapsulated; the outer wall of the housing is provided with a magnetic mounting structure, which is a permanent magnet.

[0125] The housing adopts a sealed structure to integrate all functional units inside, preventing external dust or moisture from intruding and causing circuit failure; the permanent magnet is directly embedded in the predetermined position on the outer wall of the housing, and achieves quick fixation to the metal surface of the cabinet through magnetic attraction, without the need for additional drilling or welding; the internal layout of the housing is designed to be compact according to the size of each unit, ensuring that the overall volume does not affect the operating space of the cabinet.

[0126] In summary, this invention achieves non-intrusive installation via magnetic attraction, eliminating the need to modify existing cabinets, avoiding power outages, and facilitating installation. It employs modulated infrared signals combined with an asymmetric optical path structure to effectively resist ambient light interference and improve the accuracy of status identification. A composite power supply component consisting of an amorphous silicon thin-film solar panel and a supercapacitor, coupled with a time-sharing wake-up mechanism, enables self-sufficiency in power supply, solving the problems of reliance on wiring or frequent battery replacements. The wireless communication unit enables wireless data transmission, reducing line interference and aging risks. The entire system can operate stably and reliably in the complex environment of substations, improving the efficiency and reliability of hard-plate status monitoring, reducing operation and maintenance costs, and providing assurance for the correct operation of relay protection systems and the safe and stable operation of the power system.

[0127] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0128] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A hard platen condition monitoring system based on multimodal sensor data, characterized in that, The system includes: The status acquisition module is used to be installed magnetically in the cabinet where the hard pressure plate is located to collect the deployment and retraction status data of the hard pressure plate; The data processing module is used to receive and parse the deployment / retraction status data sent by the status acquisition module to determine the current status of the hard plate. The status acquisition module includes: An infrared sensing unit is used to transmit a modulated infrared detection signal to the hard platen and receive the infrared detection signal reflected from the hard platen to generate a reflected signal reflecting the deployment / retraction state of the hard platen. A power management unit is used to provide operating power to the status acquisition module. The power management unit includes a composite power supply component and an energy storage management circuit. The composite power supply component integrates a power-collecting component that performs photoelectric conversion under preset illumination conditions. The energy storage management circuit is electrically connected to the composite power supply component and is used to store and dispatch electrical energy. The status processing unit is used to determine the deployment / retraction status of the hard plate based on the reflected signal generated by the infrared sensing unit, and to digitally encode the deployment / retraction status data. The wireless communication unit is used to wirelessly transmit the deployment / retreat status data encoded by the status processing unit to the data processing module.

2. The hard platen status monitoring system based on multimodal sensor data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The infrared sensing unit includes: A signal modulator is used to modulate and encode the infrared detection signal, wherein the modulation and encoding employs pulse width modulation or frequency shift keying technology. An infrared transmitter for transmitting the infrared detection signal modulated by the signal modulator; An infrared receiver is used to receive the reflected signal; The infrared transmitter and the infrared receiver are arranged using an asymmetric optical path structure.

3. The hard platen status monitoring system based on multimodal sensing data according to claim 2, characterized in that, The deployment process of the asymmetric optical path structure includes: Determine the emission optical axis of the infrared emitter and set the emission angle of the emission optical axis; Determine the receiving optical axis of the infrared receiver and set the receiving angle of the receiving optical axis; The transmission angle is not equal to the reception angle.

4. The hard platen status monitoring system based on multimodal sensor data according to claim 3, characterized in that, The transmission angle is set to 15 degrees and the reception angle is set to 30 degrees.

5. The hard platen status monitoring system based on multimodal sensor data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power management unit's power-taking component is an amorphous silicon thin-film solar panel; the energy storage management circuit integrates a supercapacitor as an energy storage element.

6. The hard platen status monitoring system based on multimodal sensing data according to claim 5, characterized in that, The power dispatching process of the power management unit includes: Monitor ambient light intensity; When the ambient light intensity is greater than or equal to the preset light threshold, the amorphous silicon thin-film solar panel is driven to perform photoelectric conversion, and part of the converted electrical energy is used to power the status acquisition module, while the other part is used to charge the supercapacitor. When the ambient light intensity is less than the preset light threshold, the supercapacitor supplies power to the status acquisition module. The preset illumination threshold is 200 Lux.

7. The hard platen status monitoring system based on multimodal sensor data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The status acquisition module also includes an energy flow optimization controller, which is used to execute a time-sharing wake-up mechanism; The execution process of the time-sharing wake-up mechanism includes: During each work cycle, the status acquisition module is put into a sleep state; At a preset wake-up time within the work cycle, the status acquisition module is woken up from the sleep state to the working state and maintained for a preset working duration. After the preset working time expires, the status acquisition module re-enters the sleep state; The working cycle is 30 seconds, and the preset working duration is no more than 13 milliseconds.

8. The hard platen status monitoring system based on multimodal sensing data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process by which the status processing unit determines the engagement / disengagement status of the hard pressure plate includes: Obtain the light intensity value of the reflected signal received by the infrared receiver; The light intensity value is compared with the preset projection state light intensity threshold and the de-projection state light intensity threshold; When the light intensity value meets the activation criterion, it is determined that the hard plate is in the activation state; When the light intensity value meets the de-state criterion, it is determined that the hard plate is in the de-state. The engagement or withdrawal status is converted into a corresponding digital status signal, which serves as the engagement / withdrawal status data.

9. The hard platen status monitoring system based on multimodal sensor data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wireless communication unit is a communication module with integrated low power consumption.

10. The hard platen status monitoring system based on multimodal sensing data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a housing, in which the infrared sensing unit, the power management unit, the status processing unit, and the wireless communication unit are all encapsulated; the outer wall of the housing is provided with a magnetic mounting structure, which is a permanent magnet.

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