Tunnel portal sunshade design method and system based on viewpoint illumination

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for designing a tunnel portal sunshade based on viewpoint illumination, belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and aims to solve the technical problem of how to construct a sunshade with an optimal dimming effect by taking dimming uniformity and controllability as a first key for driving heart generation and smooth transition at a tunnel portal of a driver. Comprising the following steps: establishing driver viewpoint illumination feeling grading quantitative indexes; calculating the minimum length of the sunshade tunnel; setting the light transmittance of the tail section of the sun shield, and selecting a plurality of groups of sun shield light transmittance combinations based on a predefined light transmittance rule; setting a visual adaptation index for evaluating the light and dark visual perception of the driver according to the driver viewpoint illumination perception grading index; measuring points of the sunshade are divided based on the step length, whether viewpoint feeling of a driver meets the requirement of a visual adaptation index or not is evaluated by calculating the illuminance ratio of every two adjacent measuring points, the light transmittance combination is optimized according to the evaluation result, and the optimal light transmittance combination and the sunshade tunnel length are determined.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering technology, specifically to a design method and system for tunnel entrance sunshades based on viewpoint illuminance. Background Technology

[0002] Based on the overall distribution of traffic accidents in different sections of the tunnel, the key factors leading to high accident rates at the entrance and exit sections are the "black hole effect" and the "white hole effect," respectively. The "black hole effect" refers to the phenomenon where, as a driver moves from the outside to near the tunnel entrance, the light environment changes from strong to weak, creating a "black hole" in the field of vision during the eye's dark adaptation process. The "white hole effect" refers to the phenomenon where, as a driver moves from inside the tunnel to near the exit, the light environment changes from weak to strong, creating a "white hole" in the field of vision during the eye's light adaptation process.

[0003] A major challenge facing the development of highway tunnel transportation is the conflict between "safety" and "energy conservation." Tunnel lighting consumes enormous amounts of energy, while the poor transition of light environments at entrances and exits poses significant safety hazards. Integrating photovoltaic (PV) power generation technology to cover the electricity needs of tunnel infrastructure, and using PV modules to adjust light transmittance for smoother and more harmonious light environments, offers a solution. PV shading is an ideal application scenario for combining highway tunnels with PV power generation technology. Furthermore, the vast usable space provided by the roadside addresses the long-standing constraint of land supply on PV power generation, creating a win-win situation.

[0004] To mitigate the impact of sudden changes in light environment at tunnel entrances and exits on driver safety, various shading and light reduction measures are commonly adopted in engineering construction. By applying shading and light reduction technologies, the light environment can gradually transition, alleviating the visual impact on drivers caused by abrupt brightness changes. Furthermore, it can reduce the brightness level of enhanced lighting at tunnel entrances, lowering energy consumption during tunnel operation. Therefore, implementing light reduction measures is of great significance for improving the driving environment, ensuring driving safety, and saving energy. Common tunnel entrance shading and light reduction technologies can be mainly divided into three categories: setting up light-reducing structures, utilizing vegetation for light reduction, and controlling the surface brightness of objects outside the tunnel. Extensive research has been conducted by scholars both domestically and internationally on tunnel entrance shading and light reduction technologies.

[0005] Most light-reducing structures utilize their unique construction to control light transmission, resulting in a quasi-uniform variation of road surface illuminance along the driving direction. While their principles are similar, each has its advantages and disadvantages. Landscaping and transparent tunnel light reduction can effectively integrate the transportation system with the natural environment, but they are significantly limited by the geological and topographical conditions at the tunnel entrance and have poor timeliness, making them unsuitable for widespread adoption. Bamboo-shaped archways can incorporate architectural aesthetics into improving tunnel traffic safety, but their short length does not provide drivers with sufficient visual adaptation time and space. Sunshades have advantages such as low investment and good ventilation, but their light-reducing effect is relatively poor. Although sunshades are more expensive and their light-reducing effect is easily affected, their light-reducing uniformity is undoubtedly the best, and they have the lowest requirements for the applicable environment.

[0006] How to ensure uniformity and controllability of light reduction as the primary consideration for drivers' psychological and physiological comfort during the transition at tunnel entrances, and how to construct sunshades that provide the best light reduction effect, are technical problems that need to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical objective of this invention is to address the above-mentioned shortcomings by providing a design method and system for tunnel entrance sunshades based on viewpoint illuminance. This aims to solve the technical problem of how to prioritize the uniformity and controllability of light reduction as the primary consideration for the driver's psychological and physiological comfort during the tunnel entrance, and to construct sunshades that provide the best light reduction effect.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for designing a tunnel entrance sunshade based on viewpoint illuminance, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Constructing visual perception indicators: Based on the minimum visual stimulation time specified in the medical field, and using the driver's viewpoint illuminance ratio within the minimum visual stimulation time as the standard, establish a graded and quantitative index for driver's viewpoint illuminance perception.

[0010] Initialize the minimum length of the canopy opening: Based on the quantitative index of driver's visual illuminance perception, and using the change in driver's visual illuminance per unit time corresponding to the target index as the standard, calculate the minimum length of the canopy opening of the sunshade.

[0011] Initialize the light transmittance combination: For the sunshade panels installed on the sunshade canopy, the first sunshade panel is away from the tunnel and in contact with the external environment, and the last sunshade panel is in contact with the tunnel entrance. Set the light transmittance of the last sunshade panel, and select multiple sets of sunshade panel light transmittance combinations based on the predefined light transmittance rules. In the light transmittance rules, the difference in light transmittance between adjacent sunshade panels is less than a predetermined value. For the light transmittance combination of the first and last sunshade panels with a difference greater than or equal to the predetermined value, add a middle sunshade panel, and set the light transmittance of the middle sunshade panel by interpolation.

[0012] Simulation analysis of illuminance distribution: The distance traveled within the minimum visual stimulation time under the tunnel design speed is used as the step size. The illuminance distribution at the driver's horizontal position is selected for simulation calculation. Based on the driver's illuminance perception grading index, a visual adaptation index is set to evaluate the driver's light and dark visual perception.

[0013] Optimize transmittance combination: Based on the step length, the measurement points of the sunshade are divided. The illuminance ratio of two adjacent measurement points is calculated to evaluate whether the driver's visual perception meets the requirements of the visual adaptation index. Based on the evaluation results, the transmittance combination is optimized to determine the optimal transmittance combination and the length of the sunshade opening.

[0014] As a preferred option, there are two quantitative indicators for the driver's visual perception of light and dark at the tunnel entrance and the tunnel exit. Each quantitative indicator for the driver's visual perception of light and dark at the tunnel entrance includes the driver's visual perception level and the range of visual illuminance values ​​corresponding to each visual perception level. The visual perception levels include extremely uncomfortable, relatively adapted, barely adapted and well adapted.

[0015] Preferably, when initializing the minimum length of the canopy opening, good adaptability is used as the target indicator, and the change in illuminance at the driver's viewpoint per unit time corresponding to the target indicator is used as the standard. The formula for calculating the minimum length of the canopy opening is as follows:

[0016]

[0017] Among them, L s Indicates the minimum length of the awning opening, w indicates the driver's visual perception level, and E... in E represents the illuminance at a viewpoint inside the tunnel. out denoted by , where t represents the illuminance outside the tunnel, , where t represents the illuminance recording interval at the viewpoint, and v represents the tunnel design speed.

[0018] As a preferred method, the simulation calculation of illuminance distribution includes the following steps:

[0019] A road model is established using the distance traveled within the minimum visual stimulation time at the tunnel design speed as the step size.

[0020] Set the measurement points at intervals of one step distance from the driver's horizontal viewpoint;

[0021] Based on the driver's visual illuminance perception grading and quantification index, a visual adaptation index is constructed to evaluate the driver's visual perception of light and dark, and the illuminance or brightness change rate index of driver's visual adaptation is used as an auxiliary analysis index of the visual adaptation index.

[0022] The driver's visual illuminance perception is evaluated by calculating the illuminance ratio between two adjacent measurement points. This ensures that light adaptation and dark adaptation meet the corresponding illuminance ratio requirements in the quantitative index for driver's visual illuminance perception classification. The illuminance or luminance change rate index of driver's visual adaptation is used for auxiliary analysis to ensure that the luminance change rate is within a predetermined range.

[0023] As a preferred option, optimizing the light transmittance combination includes the following steps:

[0024] Initialize light transmittance: Within the initial length range of the awning opening, set the light transmittance of all awning panels to the light transmittance of the last awning panel;

[0025] Verify the transmittance of the end section: Simulation calculation is performed within a predetermined distance from the tunnel entrance to the tunnel. During the simulation calculation, the driver's viewpoint illuminance at each measurement point is calculated using simulation software. The driver's viewpoint illuminance perception is evaluated by calculating the illuminance ratio between two adjacent measurement points to determine whether it meets the requirements of the driver's viewpoint illuminance perception classification and quantification index. If it does, the transmittance of the end section sun visor is determined to be reasonable, and the next step is executed. If it does not, the transmittance of the end section sun visor is determined to be unreasonable, the transmittance of the end section sun visor is readjusted, and the simulation calculation is performed again.

[0026] Transmittance transition section adjustment: Based on predefined transmittance rules, the transmittance of the middle section sunshade is set. The transition position between the transmittance of the middle section sunshade and the transmittance of the end section sunshade is set near the tunnel entrance. Simulation calculations are performed from the transition position to the starting section of the sunshade. During the simulation calculation, the driver's viewpoint illuminance at each measurement point is calculated using simulation software. The driver's viewpoint illuminance perception is evaluated by calculating the illuminance ratio between two adjacent measurement points to determine whether it meets the requirements of the driver's viewpoint illuminance perception classification and quantification index. If it meets the requirements, the current transmittance transition combination is determined to be reasonable, and the next step is executed. If it does not meet the requirements, the position where the middle section and the end section meet is moved one step away from the tunnel. Simulation calculations are performed based on the current position and the range to the starting section of the sunshade.

[0027] Repeated iteration: Repeatedly execute the light transmittance transition segment adjustment until the driver's visual illuminance perception meets the requirements of the driver's visual illuminance perception classification and quantification index. Determine that the current awning length is the optimal awning opening length. If the driver's visual illuminance perception still does not meet the requirements of the driver's visual illuminance perception classification and quantification index after repeating the light transmittance transition segment adjustment a predetermined number of times, it is determined that the current light transmittance combination setting is unreasonable.

[0028] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a tunnel entrance sunshade design system based on viewpoint illuminance, used to design a sunshade using a tunnel entrance sunshade design method based on viewpoint illuminance as described in any one of the first aspects. The system includes a visual perception index construction module, a minimum tunnel entrance length initialization module, a transmittance combination initialization module, an illuminance distribution simulation analysis module, and a transmittance combination optimization module.

[0029] The visual perception index construction module is used to perform the following: Based on the minimum visual stimulation time specified in the medical field, and using the driver's viewpoint illuminance ratio within the minimum visual stimulation time as the standard, establish a graded and quantitative index for driver's viewpoint illuminance perception.

[0030] The minimum length initialization module for the canopy opening is used to perform the following: Based on the driver's visual illuminance perception classification and quantification index, and using the change in driver's visual illuminance per unit time corresponding to the target index as the standard, calculate the minimum length of the sunshade canopy opening;

[0031] The light transmittance combination initialization module is used to perform the following: For the sunshade panels set on the sunshade canopy, the first sunshade panel is away from the tunnel and in contact with the external environment, and the last sunshade panel is in contact with the tunnel entrance. The light transmittance of the last sunshade panel is set, and multiple sets of sunshade panel light transmittance combinations are selected based on the predefined light transmittance rules. In the light transmittance rules, the difference in light transmittance between adjacent sunshade panels is less than a predetermined value. For the light transmittance combination of the first and last sunshade panels with a difference greater than or equal to the predetermined value, an intermediate sunshade panel is added, and the light transmittance of the intermediate sunshade panel is set by interpolation.

[0032] The illuminance distribution simulation analysis module is used to perform the following: taking the distance traveled within the minimum visual stimulation time under the tunnel design speed as the step size, the illuminance distribution at the driver's horizontal position is selected for simulation calculation, and a visual adaptation index is set to evaluate the driver's light and dark visual perception based on the driver's illuminance perception grading index.

[0033] The transmittance combination optimization module is used to perform the following: divide the measurement points of the sunshade based on the step length, evaluate whether the driver's visual perception meets the requirements of the visual adaptation index by calculating the illuminance ratio of two adjacent measurement points, optimize the transmittance combination based on the evaluation results, and determine the optimal transmittance combination and the length of the sunshade opening.

[0034] As a preferred option, there are two quantitative indicators for the driver's visual perception of light and dark at the tunnel entrance and the tunnel exit. Each quantitative indicator for the driver's visual perception of light and dark at the tunnel entrance includes the driver's visual perception level and the range of visual illuminance values ​​corresponding to each visual perception level. The visual perception levels include extremely uncomfortable, relatively adapted, barely adapted and well adapted.

[0035] Preferably, when initializing the minimum length of the canopy opening, the minimum length initialization module is used to take good adaptation as the target indicator and the change in illuminance at the driver's viewpoint per unit time corresponding to the target indicator as the standard. The minimum length calculation formula for the canopy opening is as follows:

[0036]

[0037] Among them, L s Indicates the minimum length of the awning opening, w indicates the driver's visual perception level, and E... in E represents the illuminance at a viewpoint inside the tunnel. out denoted by , where t represents the illuminance outside the tunnel, , where t represents the illuminance recording interval at the viewpoint, and v represents the tunnel design speed.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment, the illuminance distribution simulation calculation module is used to perform the following:

[0039] A road model is established using the distance traveled within the minimum visual stimulation time at the tunnel design speed as the step size.

[0040] Set the measurement points at intervals of one step distance from the driver's horizontal viewpoint;

[0041] Based on the driver's visual illuminance perception grading and quantification index, a visual adaptation index is constructed to evaluate the driver's visual perception of light and dark, and the illuminance or brightness change rate index of driver's visual adaptation is used as an auxiliary analysis index of the visual adaptation index.

[0042] The driver's visual illuminance perception is evaluated by calculating the illuminance ratio between two adjacent measurement points. This ensures that light adaptation and dark adaptation meet the corresponding illuminance ratio requirements in the quantitative index for driver's visual illuminance perception classification. The illuminance or luminance change rate index of driver's visual adaptation is used for auxiliary analysis to ensure that the luminance change rate is within a predetermined range.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment, the transmittance combination optimization module is used to perform the following operations:

[0044] Initialize light transmittance: Within the initial length range of the awning opening, set the light transmittance of all awning panels to the light transmittance of the last awning panel;

[0045] Verify the transmittance of the end section: Simulation calculation is performed within a predetermined distance from the tunnel entrance to the tunnel. During the simulation calculation, the driver's viewpoint illuminance at each measurement point is calculated using simulation software. The driver's viewpoint illuminance perception is evaluated by calculating the illuminance ratio between two adjacent measurement points to determine whether it meets the requirements of the driver's viewpoint illuminance perception classification and quantification index. If it does, the transmittance of the end section sun visor is determined to be reasonable, and the next step is executed. If it does not, the transmittance of the end section sun visor is determined to be unreasonable, the transmittance of the end section sun visor is readjusted, and the simulation calculation is performed again.

[0046] Transmittance transition section adjustment: Based on predefined transmittance rules, the transmittance of the middle section sunshade is set. The transition position between the transmittance of the middle section sunshade and the transmittance of the end section sunshade is set near the tunnel entrance. Simulation calculations are performed from the transition position to the starting section of the sunshade. During the simulation calculation, the driver's viewpoint illuminance at each measurement point is calculated using simulation software. The driver's viewpoint illuminance perception is evaluated by calculating the illuminance ratio between two adjacent measurement points to determine whether it meets the requirements of the driver's viewpoint illuminance perception classification and quantification index. If it meets the requirements, the current transmittance transition combination is determined to be reasonable, and the next step is executed. If it does not meet the requirements, the position where the middle section and the end section meet is moved one step away from the tunnel. Simulation calculations are performed based on the current position and the range to the starting section of the sunshade.

[0047] Repeated iteration: Repeatedly execute the light transmittance transition segment adjustment until the driver's visual illuminance perception meets the requirements of the driver's visual illuminance perception classification and quantification index. Determine that the current awning length is the optimal awning opening length. If the driver's visual illuminance perception still does not meet the requirements of the driver's visual illuminance perception classification and quantification index after repeating the light transmittance transition segment adjustment a predetermined number of times, it is determined that the current light transmittance combination setting is unreasonable.

[0048] The tunnel entrance sunshade design method and system based on viewpoint illuminance of the present invention has the following advantages: the illuminance of the sunshade is evaluated based on the constructed visual adaptation index and the light transmittance combination is optimized to determine the optimal light transmittance combination and the length of the sunshade opening. The sunshade can make the light intensity at the tunnel entrance and exit change continuously and uniformly, prolonging the time and space for drivers to adapt to the psychophysiological conditions at the tunnel entrance, avoiding excessive visual and psychological load on drivers due to sudden changes in light intensity, thereby improving driving safety and driving comfort. Attached Figure Description

[0049] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0050] The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for designing a tunnel entrance sunshade based on viewpoint illuminance, as described in Example 1.

[0052] Figure 2 Example 1: Simulation diagram of transmittance combination scheme 1 in a tunnel entrance sunshade design method based on viewpoint illuminance;

[0053] Figure 3 Example 1: Simulation diagram of transmittance combination scheme 2 in a tunnel entrance sunshade design method based on viewpoint illuminance;

[0054] Figure 4 Example 1: Simulation diagram of transmittance combination scheme 3 in a tunnel entrance sunshade design method based on viewpoint illuminance;

[0055] Figure 5 Example 1: Simulation diagram of transmittance combination scheme 4 in a tunnel entrance sunshade design method based on viewpoint illuminance;

[0056] Figure 6 Example 1: Simulation diagram of transmittance combination scheme 5 in a tunnel entrance sunshade design method based on viewpoint illuminance;

[0057] Figure 7 Example 1: Simulation diagram of transmittance combination scheme 6 in a tunnel entrance sunshade design method based on viewpoint illuminance;

[0058] Figure 8 Example 1: Simulation diagram of transmittance combination scheme 7 in a tunnel entrance sunshade design method based on viewpoint illuminance;

[0059] Figure 9 Example 1: Simulation diagram of transmittance combination scheme 8 in a tunnel entrance sunshade design method based on viewpoint illuminance;

[0060] Figure 10 Example 1: Simulation diagram of transmittance combination scheme 9 in a tunnel entrance sunshade design method based on viewpoint illuminance;

[0061] Figure 11 Example 1: A simulation diagram of the light transmittance combination scheme 10 in a tunnel entrance sunshade design method based on viewpoint illuminance. Detailed Implementation

[0062] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0063] This invention provides a method and system for designing tunnel entrance sunshades based on viewpoint illuminance, which addresses the technical problem of how to prioritize the uniformity and controllability of light reduction as the primary consideration for the driver's psychological and physiological comfort transition at the tunnel entrance, and how to construct sunshades that provide the best light reduction effect.

[0064] Example 1:

[0065] This invention provides a method for designing a tunnel entrance sunshade based on viewpoint illuminance, comprising five steps: constructing visual perception indicators, initializing the minimum length of the tunnel entrance, initializing the light transmittance combination, simulating and analyzing the illuminance distribution, and optimizing the light transmittance combination.

[0066] Step S100: Construct visual perception index: Based on the minimum visual stimulation time specified in the medical field, and using the driver's viewpoint illuminance ratio within the minimum visual stimulation time as the standard, establish a graded and quantitative index for driver's viewpoint illuminance perception.

[0067] In this embodiment, there are two quantitative indicators for the driver's visual perception at the viewpoint: the quantitative indicator for the driver's visual perception at the tunnel entrance and the quantitative indicator for the driver's visual perception at the tunnel exit. Each quantitative indicator for the driver's visual perception at the viewpoint includes the driver's visual perception level and the range of viewpoint illuminance values ​​corresponding to each visual perception level. The visual perception levels include extremely uncomfortable, relatively adapted, barely adapted, and well adapted.

[0068] With the goal of achieving a smooth and coordinated change in luminance / illuminance, the length of the light-reducing components at the tunnel entrance and exit is designed using the luminance / illuminance change ratio as an indicator. Based on relevant research, the minimum design length of the photovoltaic greenhouse tunnel can be determined.

[0069] Based on 0.2s as the minimum visual stimulus time specified in the medical field, and using the ratio of driver's viewpoint illuminance to that of adjacent 0.2s intervals as the standard, an index for driver's perception of light and dark corresponding to changes in driver's viewpoint illuminance is established, as shown in the table below.

[0070] Table 1: Quantitative Indicators for Drivers' Visual Perception of Light and Darkness at Tunnel Entrance Section

[0071] Level of feeling 1 (Extreme discomfort) 2 (relatively suitable) 3 (Barely adapted) 4 (Adapted well) Range of values [10.5，+∞) [5，10.5) [1.7，5) [1，1.7)

[0072] Table 2: Quantitative Indicators for Drivers' Visual Perception of Light and Darkness at Tunnel Exit Section

[0073] Level of feeling 1 (Strongly uncomfortable) 2 (General / Basic Adaptation) 3 (Slight / Well Adapted) Range of values [2.34，6.78) [2.62，5.77) [1.79，4.52)

[0074] Step S200 Initialize the minimum length of the canopy opening: Based on the driver's visual illuminance perception classification and quantification index, and taking the change in driver's visual illuminance per unit time corresponding to the target index as the standard, calculate the minimum length of the canopy opening.

[0075] In this embodiment, when initializing the minimum length of the canopy opening, good adaptation is used as the target indicator, and the change in illuminance at the driver's viewpoint per unit time corresponding to the target indicator is used as the standard. The formula for calculating the minimum length of the canopy opening is as follows:

[0076]

[0077] Among them, Ls Indicates the minimum length of the awning opening; w represents the driver's visual perception level, with dark adaptation set to 1.7 and light adaptation set to 2.3; E in This represents the illuminance at a viewpoint inside the tunnel, expressed in lx, E. out The value represents the external illuminance of the tunnel, taking into account the reduction of the ambient illuminance, and is taken as 20000 lx for the unfavorable working condition. t represents the illuminance recording interval at the viewpoint, which is taken as 0.2 s. v represents the tunnel design speed, in km / h.

[0078] The sunshade opening is designed for two-way traffic, serving both to reduce light at the entrance and increase light at the exit. However, compared to the "white hole effect," the "black hole effect" has a more severe impact on driving behavior. Therefore, considering the worst-case scenario, the design of the sunshade opening in this embodiment should refer to the relevant theories and calculation methods for its entrance section. The minimum length L of the entrance section of the sunshade opening is calculated using the above formula. s The initial design length of the sunshade opening is 25.8m. Based on actual working conditions, the initial design length of the sunshade opening is 26.6m, which is the minimum length to meet the driver's visual comfort. On this basis, the sunshade opening is divided into even segments, and the light transmittance combination is optimized.

[0079] Step S300 Initialize the light transmittance combination: For the sunshade panels installed on the sunshade canopy, the first sunshade panel is away from the tunnel and in contact with the external environment, and the last sunshade panel is in contact with the tunnel entrance. Set the light transmittance of the last sunshade panel, and select multiple sets of sunshade panel light transmittance combinations based on predefined light transmittance rules. In the light transmittance rules, the difference in light transmittance between adjacent sunshade panels is less than a predetermined value. For sunshade panel light transmittance combinations where the difference between the first and last sunshade panels is greater than or equal to the predetermined value, add a middle sunshade panel, and set the light transmittance of the middle sunshade panel by interpolation.

[0080] In this embodiment, the light transmittance of the sunshade was initially selected, and 10 light transmittance combinations were initially determined. The following preliminary scheme for material light transmittance combinations was designed: the light transmittance of the last section is 0.1 to 0.2, and the difference in light transmittance between adjacent sunshade materials is ≤0.4. For light transmittance combinations where the difference between the first and last sections is >0.4, a middle section of sunshade material was added, and its light transmittance was initially determined using an interpolation method. The initial section is far from the tunnel and connected to the external environment, while the last section is connected to the tunnel entrance. The light transmittance combination schemes are shown in Table 3.

[0081] Table 3: Transmittance Combination Schemes

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] Step S400 Simulation analysis of illuminance distribution: Using the distance traveled within the minimum visual stimulation time under the tunnel design speed as the step size, the illuminance distribution at the driver's horizontal position is selected for simulation calculation, and a visual adaptation index is set to evaluate the driver's light and dark visual perception based on the driver's illuminance perception grading index.

[0085] In this embodiment, the simulation calculation of illuminance distribution includes the following steps:

[0086] (1) Establish a road model using the distance traveled within the minimum visual stimulation time at the tunnel design speed as the step size;

[0087] (2) Set the position at the driver's horizontal position at every step distance as the measurement point;

[0088] (3) Based on the driver’s viewpoint illuminance perception grading and quantitative index, a visual adaptation index is constructed to evaluate the driver’s light and dark visual perception, and the illuminance or brightness change rate index of driver’s visual adaptation is used as an auxiliary analysis index of the visual adaptation index.

[0089] (4) The driver’s visual illuminance perception is evaluated by calculating the illuminance ratio of two adjacent measurement points. This ensures that light adaptation and dark adaptation meet the corresponding illuminance ratio requirements in the driver’s visual illuminance perception grading and quantification index. The illuminance or brightness change rate index of the driver’s visual adaptation is used for auxiliary analysis to ensure that the brightness change rate is within the predetermined range.

[0090] Step S500: Optimize the transmittance combination: Divide the measurement points of the sunshade based on the step length, evaluate whether the driver's visual perception meets the requirements of the visual adaptation index by calculating the illuminance ratio of two adjacent measurement points, optimize the transmittance combination based on the evaluation results, and determine the optimal transmittance combination and the length of the sunshade opening.

[0091] As a specific implementation of optimizing the light transmittance combination, this step includes the following operations:

[0092] (1) Initialize the light transmittance: Within the initial length range of the awning opening, set the light transmittance of all awning panels to the light transmittance of the last awning panel.

[0093] (2) Verify the light transmittance of the end section: Simulation calculation is performed within a predetermined distance from the tunnel entrance to the tunnel. During the simulation calculation, the driver's viewpoint illuminance at each measurement point is calculated using simulation software. The driver's viewpoint illuminance perception is evaluated by calculating the illuminance ratio between two adjacent measurement points to determine whether it meets the requirements of the driver's viewpoint illuminance perception classification and quantification index. If it meets the requirements, the light transmittance of the end section sun visor is determined to be reasonable, and the next step is executed. If it does not meet the requirements, the light transmittance of the end section sun visor is determined to be unreasonable, the light transmittance of the end section sun visor is readjusted, and the simulation calculation is performed again.

[0094] (3) Transmittance transition section adjustment: Based on the predefined transmittance rules, the transmittance of the middle section sunshade is set, and the transition position between the transmittance of the middle section sunshade and the transmittance of the end section sunshade is set near the tunnel entrance. Simulation calculation is performed from the transition position to the starting section of the sunshade. During the simulation calculation, the driver's viewpoint illuminance at each measurement point is calculated by simulation software, and the driver's viewpoint illuminance perception is evaluated by calculating the illuminance ratio of two adjacent measurement points to determine whether it meets the requirements of the driver's viewpoint illuminance perception classification and quantification index. If it meets the requirements, the current transmittance transition combination is determined to be reasonable, and the next step is executed. If it does not meet the requirements, the position where the middle section and the end section meet is moved one step away from the tunnel. Simulation calculation is performed based on the current position and the starting section of the sunshade.

[0095] (4) Iterative process: Repeatedly execute the light transmittance transition section adjustment until the driver's visual illuminance perception meets the requirements of the driver's visual illuminance perception classification and quantification index. Determine that the current awning length is the optimal awning opening length. If the driver's visual illuminance perception still does not meet the requirements of the driver's visual illuminance perception classification and quantification index after repeating the light transmittance transition section adjustment a predetermined number of times, determine that the current light transmittance combination setting is unreasonable.

[0096] Based on the method disclosed in this embodiment, simulation was performed using Ecotect Analysis. A three-dimensional steel arch frame model of the sunshade was drawn. Two key dimensions are: the width of the open section is 32.62m; and the longitudinal spacing of the steel arch frames in the steel structure is 2m. The project is designed for an eight-lane dual carriageway, and compared to the "white hole effect," the "black hole effect" has a more severe impact on driving visibility safety, meaning the tunnel entrance is the most unfavorable location for light environment transition. Therefore, all design aspects of the photovoltaic sunshade are based on the relevant conditions of the entrance section.

[0097] A photovoltaic (PV) sunshade is not simply a frame; it also requires semi-transparent sunshades to block some of the light. Therefore, different materials need to be incorporated into the frame to accommodate varying light transmission requirements. The optical and physical parameters of each surface are set, such as transmittance, reflectivity, and gloss level, to simulate the arrangement of different materials like PV panels and PC panels. To simulate actual working conditions, the model should consist of three parts: a "tunnel section," a "PV section," and a "PC section." The model is then imported into Ecotect Analysis, and the frame model lines are converted into closed surfaces.

[0098] To ensure that the changes in the sun's position and solar irradiance in Ecotect Analysis match actual working conditions and make the simulation results more realistic and convincing, it is also necessary to set the geographical location of the model in the software.

[0099] First, based on the actual project conditions, set geographical information parameters such as latitude and longitude, and time zone. Click "Model - Model Settings" in sequence, and set the "Date / Time / Location" parameters. It is known that the project location is Guangzhou City, with latitude and longitude of 113.3°E and 23.2°N, which belongs to the East Eighth Time Zone. Second, according to meteorological data, under normal circumstances, the strongest sunshine occurs at 13:00 on July 15th in summer, so this is determined as the model date.

[0100] Fill in the above information into “World Location - Latitude - Longitude Time Zone”, “Model Date / Time”, and “Site Details” respectively; according to the actual road direction, select “-160” in the “North Offset” column and “urban” in the “Local Terrain” column.

[0101] Based on the actual engineering conditions and referring to the "Detailed Specifications for Lighting Design of Highway Tunnels" (JTG / T D70 / 2-01-2014), the external brightness (L) is... 20 4000 cd / m 2 The brightness of TH1 and TH2 at the tunnel entrance section is calculated using the following formula.

[0102] L th1 =k*L 20 (S),

[0103] L th2 =0.5*k*L 20 (S),

[0104] Among them, L th1 This indicates the brightness of the inlet segment TH1 ( / cd / m²). 2 ), L th2 Indicates the brightness (cd / m²) of the entrance section TH2. 2 ), k represents the brightness reduction factor of the entrance section, which is taken as 0.022, L 20 (S) represents the brightness outside the cave (cd / m²) 2 ).

[0105] The brightness of tunnel exit sections EX1 and EX2 is calculated using the following formula:

[0106] L ex1 =3*L in ,

[0107] L ex2 =5*Lin ,

[0108] Among them, L ex1 Indicates the brightness (cd / m²) of the exit section EX1 2 ), L ex2 This indicates the brightness (cd / m²) of the exit section EX2. 2 ), L in This represents the brightness of the middle section, taken as 1.5 cd / m². 2 .

[0109] Calculations show that L th1 88 cd / m 2 L th2 44 cd / m 2 L ex1 4.5 cd / m 2 L ex2 7.5 cd / m 2 .

[0110] Based on the conversion factor of average brightness and average illuminance of black asphalt pavement, 15 lx / (cd / m²) 2 The calculated illuminance E outside the cave is... 20 (S) is 60000lx, and the entry segment E th1 The value is 1320 lx, and the entry segment is E. th2 It is 660 lx, and the exit section E ex1 It is 67.5 lx, exit section E ex2 It is 112.5 lx.

[0111] Compared to the "white hole effect," the "black hole effect" has a more severe impact on driving behavior. Therefore, considering the worst-case scenario, the design of the photovoltaic tunnel in this scheme should refer to the relevant theories and calculation methods of its entrance section. Based on the approximate correspondence between the viewpoint illuminance and ambient illuminance within the tunnel at the entrance section (approximately 0.2–0.3), and taking an average of 0.25, the viewpoint illuminance value E at the tunnel entrance section is calculated. th1e 330 lx, E th2e It is 165 lx.

[0112] In the process of simulating the light environment of a tunnel sunshade, the light reflectivity of the tunnel sidewalls and roof materials has a significant impact on the light intensity at the tunnel entrances and exits. Therefore, to ensure a uniform transition in light intensity between the end of the sunshade and the tunnel entrances and exits, it is necessary to first determine the light reflectivity of the materials at the tunnel entrances and exits. Similarly, the light reflectivity of the materials used for the photovoltaic panels arranged on the sunshade also has a significant impact on the light intensity inside the sunshade.

[0113] Regarding sidewall materials, the "Detailed Specifications for Lighting Design of Highway Tunnels" (JTG / T D70 / 2-01-2014) points out that wall reflection and contrast are crucial aspects that cannot be ignored in tunnel lighting. High-reflectivity materials should be used on the walls within a 2m height on both sides of the road surface; when the wall reflectivity reaches 0.7, the road surface brightness can be increased by 10%. The "Specifications for Ventilation and Lighting Design of Highway Tunnels" (JTJ 023.1-1999) stipulates that wall materials with a reflectivity of not less than 70% should be used within a 2m height on both sides of the tunnel. However, considering pollution within the tunnel, such as vehicle exhaust, fumes, and other atmospheric and underground factors, dust, ash, and chemical substances such as salt, dirt, and moisture will accumulate on the tunnel surface, leading to a decrease in the reflectivity of the wall materials. In the simulation model, after taking these practical factors into account, the sidewall reflectivity is set to 0.5.

[0114] For the roof wall material, the luminous flux distributed to the roof by direct or semi-direct lighting fixtures is very small, resulting in minimal reflection. On the other hand, due to the density of vehicle exhaust fumes, the tunnel roof is more susceptible to pollution than other areas. Regardless of the material used for coating with high light reflectivity, rapid and severe pollution that cannot be addressed promptly will significantly reduce its reflectivity. Considering fire safety and cost factors, most tunnel roofs are coated with dark-colored fire-retardant paint. Therefore, the reflectivity of the roof wall material in the simulation model is taken as 0.1.

[0115] To maximize the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules, it is necessary to maximize their light absorption and minimize light reflection. Therefore, the surface of photovoltaic panels is treated tempered glass rather than a mirror, resulting in only slight diffuse reflection, with a light reflectivity of approximately 5%.

[0116] Asphalt pavement with a reflectivity of 0.18-0.21 is considered bright, and 0.11-0.14 is considered dark. We take the asphalt pavement reflectivity as 0.2.

[0117] Extensive vehicle surveys reveal that passenger cars typically tint their windshields to reduce glare, while trucks and buses rarely do so. This results in differences in perceived light intensity between drivers of passenger cars and trucks / buses. The design of a photovoltaic sunshade for a passenger car was selected, using a windshield transmittance of 65% as the calculation parameter.

[0118] Considering the advantages of LED lights, such as high luminous efficiency, low light decay, long lifespan, strong adaptability, and low energy consumption, most tunnel lighting currently uses LED lights. To ensure that the research results are applicable to most highway tunnels, this study selected 480W LED lights with a rated luminous flux of 48,000 lm for tunnel lighting.

[0119] In the Ecotect Analvsis software, you can set the parameters of the lighting fixtures. In the dialog box, select or modify the appropriate parameters in sequence: "U-Value (heat transfer coefficient) - Admittance (admission coefficient) - Solar Absorption (solar absorptivity) - Visible Transmittance (visible light transmittance) - Thermal Decrement (attenuation coefficient) - HotSpot Angle (focusing angle) - Cut Off Angle (cutoff angle) - Total Lumens (total luminous flux)".

[0120] To create a complete lighting environment, according to the relevant provisions of the "Detailed Specifications for Lighting Design of Highway Tunnels" (JTG / T D70 / 2-01-2014), it is advisable to install enhanced lighting fixtures starting 10m from the entrance of the highway tunnel. Using the utilization coefficient table of the lighting fixtures, the average illuminance can be calculated using the following formula:

[0121]

[0122] Where ω represents the luminaire arrangement coefficient, which is 2 for symmetrical arrangement; η represents the utilization coefficient, which is obtained from the luminaire utilization coefficient table; φ represents the rated luminous flux of the luminaire, in lm; M represents the luminaire maintenance coefficient, which is 0.7; W represents the tunnel pavement width, which is 32.62m; and S represents the luminaire spacing, in m.

[0123] Because a symmetrical lighting arrangement results in higher average road surface brightness, overall road surface brightness uniformity, and longitudinal brightness uniformity along the road centerline, this study uses a symmetrical lighting arrangement at the tunnel entrance, positioned 6m from the side arches. The calculated lighting spacing at the tunnel entrance is:

[0124]

[0125] Based on the method disclosed in this embodiment and the aforementioned modeling, simulation is performed using an analysis mesh. The analysis mesh is an auxiliary calculation element in Ecotect Analysis, typically used to display daylight factor, natural illuminance, artificial illuminance, overall illuminance, and lighting vectors in the scene. By selecting the "Grid Management" tab, the settings for "Grid Dimensions – Start Position – Grid Size – Number of Cells" of the analysis mesh can be adjusted to improve the accuracy of the simulation process and save simulation time.

[0126] Based on the steps disclosed in this embodiment, the specific analysis process is as follows:

[0127] (1) The step size is the distance traveled every 0.2s at the design speed. In this case, it is 3m. The illuminance distribution at the horizontal position of 1.2m above the eye level of a normal car driver is selected in the light reduction component and taken as the result value of the light environment analysis.

[0128] (2) Calculate the ratio of adjacent data. As mentioned above, evaluate the driver's visual perception of light and dark. Dark adaptation must satisfy [1, 1.7], and light adaptation must satisfy [1, 2.3].

[0129] Further analysis can be conducted based on the illuminance / luminance change rate index proposed in relevant literature for human visual adaptation: 5000 lx / s is a good parameter for the design of light-reducing components; the luminance change rate during dark adaptation should be less than 350 cd / m². 2 •s, the rate of change in luminance during the light adaptation process should be less than 400 cd / m². 2 ·s;

[0130] (3) On the basis of meeting the visual adaptation index, select the most economical combination of photovoltaic greenhouse length and brightness;

[0131] ① Within the entire length of the initial-length sunshade, the transmittance is set to the transmittance of the final section. The illuminance value at the driver's viewpoint within a 10m range from the tunnel entrance to the tunnel is obtained through simulation calculation. It is then determined whether the change in illuminance at the driver's viewpoint at this time meets the index requirements. If it does not meet the requirements, then the transmittance value of this final section is unreasonable.

[0132] ② Assuming the transmittance at the end of the sunshade meets the requirements, simulate the illuminance at the driver's viewpoint outside the tunnel in 3-meter increments. When the change in viewpoint illuminance slows down, change this position until the transmittance at the beginning of the sunshade is the transmittance of the middle section of the corresponding scheme, and continue to simulate the illuminance at the driver's viewpoint at this point. If it meets the requirements, proceed to the next step; if it does not, move the position where the middle and end sections meet one step away from the tunnel, and continue to simulate the viewpoint illuminance value, iterating repeatedly until the change in viewpoint illuminance meets the requirements; if it does not meet the requirements, the transmittance transition combination in the proposed scheme is unreasonable.

[0133] ③ When the change in illuminance value at the driver's viewpoint in the middle section of the model tends to be gradual, repeat the method in step ② to determine the connection position between the initial section and the middle section of the sunshade;

[0134] ④ Along the direction from the tunnel into the photovoltaic sunshade, perform viewpoint illuminance value analysis and calculation. When the illuminance change in the initial section of the sunshade slows down, delete all sunshades from this point to the beginning and move the driver's viewpoint illuminance analysis plane. Analyze and calculate whether this point meets the index requirements. If not, move the deleted sunshade position one step back until the driver's visual perception requirements are met. The corresponding sunshade length at this point is the reasonable length of the current scheme.

[0135] Simulation analysis results are as follows Figure 2-11 As shown, based on the above simulation test results, and to ensure that the change in illuminance at the driver's viewpoint does not exceed the parameter change requirements corresponding to the "good adaptation" level in the index, a light environment design scheme including the total length of the sunshade and the combination of segmented light transmittance was determined. Scheme 4 was selected as the project construction scheme, namely the "40% + 10%" light transmittance combination with a total length of 26.6m.

[0136] Example 2:

[0137] This invention discloses a tunnel entrance sunshade design system based on viewpoint illuminance, comprising a visual perception index construction module, a minimum tunnel length initialization module, a light transmittance combination initialization module, an illuminance distribution simulation analysis module, and a light transmittance combination optimization module.

[0138] The visual perception index construction module is used to perform the following: based on the minimum visual stimulation time specified in the medical field, and using the driver's viewpoint illuminance ratio within the minimum visual stimulation time as the standard, establish a graded and quantitative index for driver's viewpoint illuminance perception.

[0139] In this embodiment, there are two quantitative indicators for the driver's visual perception at the viewpoint: the quantitative indicator for the driver's visual perception at the tunnel entrance and the quantitative indicator for the driver's visual perception at the tunnel exit. Each quantitative indicator for the driver's visual perception at the viewpoint includes the driver's visual perception level and the range of viewpoint illuminance values ​​corresponding to each visual perception level. The visual perception levels include extremely uncomfortable, relatively adapted, barely adapted, and well adapted.

[0140] With the goal of achieving a smooth and coordinated change in luminance / illuminance, the length of the light-reducing components at the tunnel entrance and exit is designed using the luminance / illuminance change ratio as an indicator. Based on relevant research, the minimum design length of the photovoltaic greenhouse tunnel can be determined.

[0141] The minimum length initialization module for the canopy opening is used to perform the following: Based on the driver's viewpoint illuminance perception classification and quantification index, and using the change in driver's viewpoint illuminance per unit time corresponding to the target index as the standard, calculate the minimum length of the canopy opening.

[0142] In this embodiment, when initializing the minimum length of the canopy opening, the minimum length initialization module is used to take good adaptation as the target indicator and the change in illuminance at the driver's viewpoint within a unit of time corresponding to the target indicator as the standard. The minimum length calculation formula for the canopy opening is as follows:

[0143]

[0144] Among them, L s Indicates the minimum length of the awning opening; w represents the driver's visual perception level, with dark adaptation set to 1.7 and light adaptation set to 2.3; E in This represents the illuminance at a viewpoint inside the tunnel, expressed in lx, E. out The value represents the external illuminance of the tunnel, taking into account the reduction of the ambient illuminance, and is taken as 20000 lx for the unfavorable working condition. t represents the illuminance recording interval at the viewpoint, which is taken as 0.2 s. v represents the tunnel design speed, in km / h.

[0145] The sunshade opening is designed for two-way traffic, serving both to reduce light at the entrance and increase light at the exit. However, compared to the "white hole effect," the "black hole effect" has a more severe impact on driving behavior. Therefore, considering the worst-case scenario, the design of the sunshade opening in this embodiment should refer to the relevant theories and calculation methods for its entrance section. The minimum length L of the entrance section of the sunshade opening is calculated using the above formula. s The length L is 25.8m. Based on actual working conditions, the initial design length of the sunshade opening is 26.6m, which is the minimum length to meet the driver's visual comfort. On this basis, the sunshade opening is divided into even segments, and the light transmittance combination is optimized.

[0146] The light transmittance combination initialization module is used to perform the following: For sunshades set on the sunshade canopy, the first sunshade section is away from the tunnel and in contact with the external environment, and the last sunshade section is in contact with the tunnel entrance. The light transmittance of the last sunshade section is set, and multiple sets of sunshade light transmittance combinations are selected based on predefined light transmittance rules. In the light transmittance rules, the difference in light transmittance between adjacent sunshades is less than a predetermined value. For sunshade light transmittance combinations where the difference between the first and last sunshades is greater than or equal to the predetermined value, an intermediate sunshade section is added, and the light transmittance of the intermediate sunshade section is set by interpolation.

[0147] In this embodiment, the light transmittance of the sunshade is initially selected, and 10 light transmittance combinations are preliminarily determined. The following preliminary scheme for light transmittance combinations of materials is designed: the light transmittance of the last section is 0.1 to 0.2, and the difference in light transmittance between adjacent sunshade materials is ≤0.4. For light transmittance combinations where the difference between the first and last sections is >0.4, a middle section of sunshade material is added, and its light transmittance is initially determined by interpolation.

[0148] The illuminance distribution simulation analysis module is used to perform the following: taking the distance traveled within the minimum visual stimulation time under the tunnel design speed as the step size, the illuminance distribution at the driver's horizontal position is selected for simulation calculation, and a visual adaptation index is set to evaluate the driver's light and dark visual perception based on the driver's illuminance perception grading index.

[0149] As a specific implementation of the illuminance distribution simulation analysis module, this module is used to perform the following operations:

[0150] (1) Establish a road model using the distance traveled within the minimum visual stimulation time at the tunnel design speed as the step size;

[0151] (2) Set the position at the driver's horizontal position at every step distance as the measurement point;

[0152] (3) Based on the driver’s viewpoint illuminance perception grading and quantitative index, a visual adaptation index is constructed to evaluate the driver’s light and dark visual perception, and the illuminance or brightness change rate index of driver’s visual adaptation is used as an auxiliary analysis index of the visual adaptation index.

[0153] (4) The driver’s visual illuminance perception is evaluated by calculating the illuminance ratio of two adjacent measurement points. This ensures that light adaptation and dark adaptation meet the corresponding illuminance ratio requirements in the driver’s visual illuminance perception grading and quantification index. The illuminance or brightness change rate index of the driver’s visual adaptation is used for auxiliary analysis to ensure that the brightness change rate is within the predetermined range.

[0154] The transmittance combination optimization module is used to perform the following: divide the measurement points of the sunshade based on the step length, evaluate whether the driver's visual perception meets the requirements of the visual adaptation index by calculating the illuminance ratio of two adjacent measurement points, optimize the transmittance combination based on the evaluation results, and determine the optimal transmittance combination and the length of the sunshade opening.

[0155] As a specific implementation of the transmittance combination optimization module, this module is used to perform the following operations:

[0156] (1) Initialize the light transmittance: Within the initial length range of the awning opening, set the light transmittance of all awning panels to the light transmittance of the last awning panel.

[0157] (2) Verify the light transmittance of the end section: Simulation calculation is performed within a predetermined distance from the tunnel entrance to the tunnel. During the simulation calculation, the driver's viewpoint illuminance at each measurement point is calculated using simulation software. The driver's viewpoint illuminance perception is evaluated by calculating the illuminance ratio between two adjacent measurement points to determine whether it meets the requirements of the driver's viewpoint illuminance perception classification and quantification index. If it meets the requirements, the light transmittance of the end section sun visor is determined to be reasonable, and the next step is executed. If it does not meet the requirements, the light transmittance of the end section sun visor is determined to be unreasonable, the light transmittance of the end section sun visor is readjusted, and the simulation calculation is performed again.

[0158] (3) Transmittance transition section adjustment: Based on the predefined transmittance rules, the transmittance of the middle section sunshade is set, and the transition position between the transmittance of the middle section sunshade and the transmittance of the end section sunshade is set near the tunnel entrance. Simulation calculation is performed from the transition position to the starting section of the sunshade. During the simulation calculation, the driver's viewpoint illuminance at each measurement point is calculated by simulation software, and the driver's viewpoint illuminance perception is evaluated by calculating the illuminance ratio of two adjacent measurement points to determine whether it meets the requirements of the driver's viewpoint illuminance perception classification and quantification index. If it meets the requirements, the current transmittance transition combination is determined to be reasonable, and the next step is executed. If it does not meet the requirements, the position where the middle section and the end section meet is moved one step away from the tunnel. Simulation calculation is performed based on the current position and the starting section of the sunshade.

[0159] (4) Iterative process: Repeatedly execute the light transmittance transition section adjustment until the driver's visual illuminance perception meets the requirements of the driver's visual illuminance perception classification and quantification index. Determine that the current awning length is the optimal awning opening length. If the driver's visual illuminance perception still does not meet the requirements of the driver's visual illuminance perception classification and quantification index after repeating the light transmittance transition section adjustment a predetermined number of times, determine that the current light transmittance combination setting is unreasonable.

[0160] The system in this embodiment can execute the method disclosed in Embodiment 1 to optimize the design of the sunshade and determine the optimal combination of the opening length and light transmittance of the sunshade.

[0161] The above provides a detailed description of the tunnel entrance sunshade design system based on viewpoint illuminance provided by the present invention. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for designing a sunshade at a tunnel entrance based on viewpoint illuminance, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Constructing visual perception indicators: Based on the minimum visual stimulation time specified in the medical field, and using the driver's viewpoint illuminance ratio within the minimum visual stimulation time as the standard, establish a graded and quantitative index for driver's viewpoint illuminance perception. Initialize the minimum length of the canopy opening: Based on the quantitative index of driver's visual illuminance perception, and using the change in driver's visual illuminance per unit time corresponding to the target index as the standard, calculate the minimum length of the canopy opening of the sunshade. Initialize the light transmittance combination: For the sunshade panels installed on the sunshade canopy, the first sunshade panel is away from the tunnel and in contact with the external environment, and the last sunshade panel is in contact with the tunnel entrance. Set the light transmittance of the last sunshade panel, and select multiple sets of sunshade panel light transmittance combinations based on the predefined light transmittance rules. In the light transmittance rules, the difference in light transmittance between adjacent sunshade panels is less than a predetermined value. For the light transmittance combination of the first and last sunshade panels with a difference greater than or equal to the predetermined value, add a middle sunshade panel, and set the light transmittance of the middle sunshade panel by interpolation. Simulation analysis of illuminance distribution: The distance traveled within the minimum visual stimulation time under the tunnel design speed is used as the step size. The illuminance distribution at the driver's horizontal position is selected for simulation calculation. Based on the driver's illuminance perception grading index, a visual adaptation index is set to evaluate the driver's light and dark visual perception. Optimize transmittance combination: Based on the step length, the measurement points of the sunshade are divided. The illuminance ratio of two adjacent measurement points is calculated to evaluate whether the driver's visual perception meets the requirements of the visual adaptation index. Based on the evaluation results, the transmittance combination is optimized to determine the optimal transmittance combination and the length of the sunshade opening.

2. The method for designing a tunnel entrance sunshade based on viewpoint illuminance according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are two quantitative indicators for the driver's visual perception of light and dark: one for the driver's visual perception of light and dark at the tunnel entrance and the other for the driver's visual perception of light and dark at the tunnel exit. Each quantitative indicator for the driver's visual perception of light and dark includes the driver's visual perception level and the range of visual illuminance values ​​corresponding to each visual perception level. The visual perception levels include extremely uncomfortable, relatively adapted, barely adapted, and well adapted.

3. The method for designing a tunnel entrance sunshade based on viewpoint illuminance according to claim 2, characterized in that, When initializing the minimum length of the awning opening, good adaptation is used as the target indicator, and the change in illuminance at the driver's viewpoint per unit time corresponding to the target indicator is used as the standard. The formula for calculating the minimum length of the awning opening is as follows: Among them, L s Indicates the minimum length of the awning opening, w indicates the driver's visual perception level, and E... in E represents the illuminance at a viewpoint inside the tunnel. out denoted by , where t represents the illuminance outside the tunnel, , where t represents the illuminance recording interval at the viewpoint, and v represents the tunnel design speed.

4. The method for designing a tunnel entrance sunshade based on viewpoint illuminance according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The simulation calculation of illuminance distribution includes the following steps: A road model is established using the distance traveled within the minimum visual stimulation time at the tunnel design speed as the step size. Set the measurement points at intervals of one step distance from the driver's horizontal viewpoint; Based on the driver's visual illuminance perception grading and quantification index, a visual adaptation index is constructed to evaluate the driver's visual perception of light and dark, and the illuminance or brightness change rate index of driver's visual adaptation is used as an auxiliary analysis index of the visual adaptation index. The driver's visual illuminance perception is evaluated by calculating the illuminance ratio between two adjacent measurement points. This ensures that light adaptation and dark adaptation meet the corresponding illuminance ratio requirements in the quantitative index for driver's visual illuminance perception classification. The illuminance or luminance change rate index of driver's visual adaptation is used for auxiliary analysis to ensure that the luminance change rate is within a predetermined range.

5. The method for designing a tunnel entrance sunshade based on viewpoint illuminance according to claim 4, characterized in that, Optimizing the light transmittance combination includes the following steps: Initialize light transmittance: Within the initial length range of the awning opening, set the light transmittance of all awning panels to the light transmittance of the last awning panel; Verify the transmittance of the end section: Simulation calculation is performed within a predetermined distance from the tunnel entrance to the tunnel. During the simulation calculation, the driver's viewpoint illuminance at each measurement point is calculated using simulation software. The driver's viewpoint illuminance perception is evaluated by calculating the illuminance ratio between two adjacent measurement points to determine whether it meets the requirements of the driver's viewpoint illuminance perception classification and quantification index. If it does, the transmittance of the end section sun visor is determined to be reasonable, and the next step is executed. If it does not, the transmittance of the end section sun visor is determined to be unreasonable, the transmittance of the end section sun visor is readjusted, and the simulation calculation is performed again. Transmittance transition section adjustment: Based on predefined transmittance rules, the transmittance of the middle section sunshade is set. The transition position between the transmittance of the middle section sunshade and the transmittance of the end section sunshade is set near the tunnel entrance. Simulation calculations are performed from the transition position to the starting section of the sunshade. During the simulation calculation, the driver's viewpoint illuminance at each measurement point is calculated using simulation software. The driver's viewpoint illuminance perception is evaluated by calculating the illuminance ratio between two adjacent measurement points to determine whether it meets the requirements of the driver's viewpoint illuminance perception classification and quantification index. If it meets the requirements, the current transmittance transition combination is determined to be reasonable, and the next step is executed. If it does not meet the requirements, the position where the middle section and the end section meet is moved one step away from the tunnel. Simulation calculations are performed based on the current position and the range to the starting section of the sunshade. Repeated iteration: Repeatedly execute the light transmittance transition segment adjustment until the driver's visual illuminance perception meets the requirements of the driver's visual illuminance perception classification and quantification index. Determine that the current awning length is the optimal awning opening length. If the driver's visual illuminance perception still does not meet the requirements of the driver's visual illuminance perception classification and quantification index after repeating the light transmittance transition segment adjustment a predetermined number of times, it is determined that the current light transmittance combination setting is unreasonable.

6. A tunnel entrance sunshade design system based on viewpoint illuminance, characterized in that, The system is used to design a sunshade canopy based on viewpoint illuminance as described in any one of claims 1-5. The system includes a visual perception index construction module, a minimum canopy length initialization module, a light transmittance combination initialization module, an illuminance distribution simulation analysis module, and a light transmittance combination optimization module. The visual perception index construction module is used to perform the following: Based on the minimum visual stimulation time specified in the medical field, and using the driver's viewpoint illuminance ratio within the minimum visual stimulation time as the standard, establish a graded and quantitative index for driver's viewpoint illuminance perception. The minimum length initialization module for the canopy opening is used to perform the following: Based on the driver's visual illuminance perception classification and quantification index, and using the change in driver's visual illuminance per unit time corresponding to the target index as the standard, calculate the minimum length of the sunshade canopy opening; The light transmittance combination initialization module is used to perform the following: For the sunshade panels set on the sunshade canopy, the first sunshade panel is away from the tunnel and in contact with the external environment, and the last sunshade panel is in contact with the tunnel entrance. The light transmittance of the last sunshade panel is set, and multiple sets of sunshade panel light transmittance combinations are selected based on the predefined light transmittance rules. In the light transmittance rules, the difference in light transmittance between adjacent sunshade panels is less than a predetermined value. For the light transmittance combination of the first and last sunshade panels with a difference greater than or equal to the predetermined value, an intermediate sunshade panel is added, and the light transmittance of the intermediate sunshade panel is set by interpolation. The illuminance distribution simulation analysis module is used to perform the following: taking the distance traveled within the minimum visual stimulation time under the tunnel design speed as the step size, the illuminance distribution at the driver's horizontal position is selected for simulation calculation, and a visual adaptation index is set to evaluate the driver's light and dark visual perception based on the driver's illuminance perception grading index. The transmittance combination optimization module is used to perform the following: divide the measurement points of the sunshade based on the step length, evaluate whether the driver's visual perception meets the requirements of the visual adaptation index by calculating the illuminance ratio of two adjacent measurement points, optimize the transmittance combination based on the evaluation results, and determine the optimal transmittance combination and the length of the sunshade opening.

7. The tunnel entrance sunshade design system based on viewpoint illuminance according to claim 6, characterized in that, There are two quantitative indicators for the driver's visual perception of light and dark: one for the driver's visual perception of light and dark at the tunnel entrance and the other for the driver's visual perception of light and dark at the tunnel exit. Each quantitative indicator for the driver's visual perception of light and dark includes the driver's visual perception level and the range of visual illuminance values ​​corresponding to each visual perception level. The visual perception levels include extremely uncomfortable, relatively adapted, barely adapted, and well adapted.

8. The tunnel entrance sunshade design system based on viewpoint illuminance according to claim 7, characterized in that, When initializing the minimum length of the canopy opening, the minimum length initialization module uses good adaptation as the target indicator and the change in illuminance at the driver's viewpoint per unit time corresponding to the target indicator as the standard. The minimum length calculation formula for the canopy opening is as follows: Among them, L s Indicates the minimum length of the awning opening, w indicates the driver's visual perception level, and E... in E represents the illuminance at a viewpoint inside the tunnel. out denoted by , where t represents the illuminance outside the tunnel, , where t represents the illuminance recording interval at the viewpoint, and v represents the tunnel design speed.

9. The tunnel entrance sunshade design system based on viewpoint illuminance according to any one of claims 6-8, characterized in that, The illuminance distribution simulation calculation module is used to perform the following: A road model is established using the distance traveled within the minimum visual stimulation time at the tunnel design speed as the step size. Set the measurement points at intervals of one step distance from the driver's horizontal viewpoint; Based on the driver's visual illuminance perception grading and quantification index, a visual adaptation index is constructed to evaluate the driver's visual perception of light and dark, and the illuminance or brightness change rate index of driver's visual adaptation is used as an auxiliary analysis index of the visual adaptation index. The driver's visual illuminance perception is evaluated by calculating the illuminance ratio between two adjacent measurement points. This ensures that light adaptation and dark adaptation meet the corresponding illuminance ratio requirements in the quantitative index for driver's visual illuminance perception classification. The illuminance or luminance change rate index of driver's visual adaptation is used for auxiliary analysis to ensure that the luminance change rate is within a predetermined range.

10. The tunnel entrance sunshade design system based on viewpoint illuminance according to claim 9, characterized in that, The transmittance combination optimization module is used to perform the following operations: Initialize light transmittance: Within the initial length range of the awning opening, set the light transmittance of all awning panels to the light transmittance of the last awning panel; Verify the transmittance of the end section: Simulation calculation is performed within a predetermined distance from the tunnel entrance to the tunnel. During the simulation calculation, the driver's viewpoint illuminance at each measurement point is calculated using simulation software. The driver's viewpoint illuminance perception is evaluated by calculating the illuminance ratio between two adjacent measurement points to determine whether it meets the requirements of the driver's viewpoint illuminance perception classification and quantification index. If it does, the transmittance of the end section sun visor is determined to be reasonable, and the next step is executed. If it does not, the transmittance of the end section sun visor is determined to be unreasonable, the transmittance of the end section sun visor is readjusted, and the simulation calculation is performed again. Transmittance transition section adjustment: Based on predefined transmittance rules, the transmittance of the middle section sunshade is set. The transition position between the transmittance of the middle section sunshade and the transmittance of the end section sunshade is set near the tunnel entrance. Simulation calculations are performed from the transition position to the starting section of the sunshade. During the simulation calculation, the driver's viewpoint illuminance at each measurement point is calculated using simulation software. The driver's viewpoint illuminance perception is evaluated by calculating the illuminance ratio between two adjacent measurement points to determine whether it meets the requirements of the driver's viewpoint illuminance perception classification and quantification index. If it meets the requirements, the current transmittance transition combination is determined to be reasonable, and the next step is executed. If it does not meet the requirements, the position where the middle section and the end section meet is moved one step away from the tunnel. Simulation calculations are performed based on the current position and the range to the starting section of the sunshade. Repeated iteration: Repeatedly execute the light transmittance transition segment adjustment until the driver's visual illuminance perception meets the requirements of the driver's visual illuminance perception classification and quantification index. Determine that the current awning length is the optimal awning opening length. If the driver's visual illuminance perception still does not meet the requirements of the driver's visual illuminance perception classification and quantification index after repeating the light transmittance transition segment adjustment a predetermined number of times, it is determined that the current light transmittance combination setting is unreasonable.

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