Coastal protection forest belt reconstruction method based on node construction

Abstract

The invention discloses a coastal protection forest belt reconstruction method based on node construction. According to the invention, the nodal design and the intelligent technology are fused, so that the toughness and the service value of the ecological system are remarkably improved. On the ecological protection level, the dynamic irrigation decision-making model optimizes water resource allocation based on real-time environmental data, the healthy growth requirement of indigenous plants is guaranteed, and blindness of traditional regular irrigation is avoided. Scientific recombination of a forest stand structure and precise configuration of salt-tolerant and drought-tolerant species are matched with early warning response of an intelligent monitoring network to soil erosion and plant diseases and insect pests, a multi-layer ecological barrier is constructed, and the risk of wind and sand invasion and coastline degeneration is effectively reduced. Ecological transformation of waste facilities and activation of under-forest space further expand biological habitats, promote animal and plant community diversity recovery, and form a coastal ecological system with both protection efficiency and natural succession activity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of coastal shelterbelt transformation technology, specifically a method for transforming coastal shelterbelts based on node construction. Background Technology

[0002] Coastal shelterbelt renovation refers to the renewal and optimization of existing shelterbelts in coastal areas to enhance their multiple functions, including windbreak and sand fixation, disaster prevention and mitigation, and ecological protection. Early coastal shelterbelts in my country suffered from problems such as monoculture, simple structure, and aging and degradation, making them unsuitable for the needs of ecological environmental protection and socio-economic development in coastal areas under the new circumstances. Therefore, coastal shelterbelt renovation aims to optimize the shelterbelt structure by introducing resilient, fast-growing, and ecologically beneficial native and superior exotic tree species through scientific planning, and constructing a multi-layered, uneven-aged forest system combining trees, shrubs, and grasses. Simultaneously, based on the actual conditions of coastal areas, advanced silvicultural techniques and maintenance management measures are adopted to improve the stability and disaster resistance of the shelterbelts, enhance their ecological functions such as wind and wave protection, dike and bank protection, water conservation, and biodiversity protection, and provide strong guarantees for the ecological security, economic development, and people's livelihoods in coastal areas.

[0003] However, existing technologies for transforming coastal shelterbelts generally suffer from a disconnect between ecological functions and human needs: traditional irrigation relies on fixed-cycle operations, leading to water waste and insufficient vegetation adaptability; monoculture forest structures weaken the effectiveness of ecological barriers and make them vulnerable to complex disasters; static management models lack real-time monitoring and dynamic response mechanisms, making it impossible to accurately control pests and diseases or soil degradation; facility renovations are mostly limited to physical restoration, failing to activate the recreational value of the shelterbelt and the economic potential of the community, while high-energy-consuming lighting systems exacerbate the environmental burden and restrict the sustainable service capacity of the shelterbelt. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for transforming coastal protective forest belts based on node construction in order to solve the problems mentioned above.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: a method for transforming coastal shelterbelts based on node construction, the method comprising the following steps: S1: Based on the layout of the island's tourist highway and tourist flow data, key nodes with tourism potential, such as forest belt entrances, abandoned facility areas, and areas with open landscape views, are selected, and the scope of renovation is delineated in combination with topography and ecological sensitivity.

[0006] S2: Remove damaged trees and invasive species, and replant with native tree species (such as coconut, hibiscus, and large-leaved terminalia) to create a forest stand structure with varying heights and densities through group planting, thereby enhancing the ecological protection function.

[0007] S3: In the node area, plan an ecological plaza, a sea-view boardwalk, and a rest pavilion. Transform the original abandoned bungalows into a seaside station and integrate local cultural elements (such as fishing net decorations and coral stone walls) to create a landscape node that combines ecological and cultural features.

[0008] S4: Introduce an IoT sensor network to monitor temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and visitor density in the node area in real time, and optimize irrigation and security strategies through AI algorithms; set up an AR interactive screen to display the ecological succession process of the forest belt and species information to enhance the popular science experience.

[0009] S5: Plant suitable plants (such as Pittosporum tobira and Pandanus) in forest clearings, and combine them with wooden boardwalks to set up handicraft markets and light dining areas; develop nature education courses and nighttime stargazing activities to extend the ecotourism value chain.

[0010] S6: Solar-powered lights and low-energy LED light sources are used to provide soft lighting along the walkways and viewing platforms, taking into account both the nighttime landscape effect and the target audience; discarded coconut shells are used to make lampshades, reinforcing the concept of circular economy.

[0011] S7: Establish an ecological maintenance cooperative with surrounding villagers, provide planting and maintenance skills training, prioritize hiring local labor to participate in node operation, and establish a profit-sharing model to ensure long-term management.

[0012] S8: Assess plant growth status and visitor feedback quarterly, and use monitoring data to adjust vegetation density, facility layout and activity planning to ensure a dynamic balance between ecological and tourism functions.

[0013] S9: Deploy 5 LoRa IoT nodes per hectare, including soil three-parameter sensors with depths of 20 cm and 50 cm, an anemometer with an accuracy of ±0.1 m / s, and a 5-band multispectral camera; to monitor the effects of windbreak and sand fixation and soil and water conservation.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, step S1 involves a comprehensive analysis of the island's ring road layout, tourist behavior data, and ecological sensitivity. A 3D terrain model of the forest belt area is created using a geographic information system (GIS) to identify gently sloping areas with a gradient of less than 15 degrees and moderate vegetation cover as candidate points. Heat map analysis is used to identify tourist hotspots, prioritizing locations near main road intersections or with optimal natural views. High-resolution aerial photography using drones is employed to eliminate sensitive areas inhabited by endangered species or with unstable geology. The final selected nodes must adhere to the principle of minimal ecological disturbance, ensuring seamless integration between the redevelopment area and the surrounding natural environment, while also reserving sufficient space to accommodate future expansion of tourism facilities.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, for stands with an excessive proportion of diseased or weak trees, a multi-dimensional evaluation system is used to screen for removal: individuals with a trunk decay rate exceeding 30% and crown loss exceeding 50% are prioritized for removal. During the replanting stage, a "micro-topography adaptation" technique is introduced. Based on the high permeability of coastal sandy soil, a 20 cm thick layer of coconut coir is laid at the bottom of the tree pit, mixed with humus and slow-release fertilizer to enhance water and fertilizer retention. Trees are planted using a "triangular staggered method," with three trees forming an equilateral triangle layout, spaced 5 meters apart to promote a balance in root competition; shrubs are planted radially outwards, utilizing the creeping characteristics of *Scabiosa spp.* to stabilize sand and prevent erosion. After implementation, verification via lidar scanning showed a 25% increase in the vertical structure complexity of the canopy and an increase of 18 bird nesting sites.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, step S3 involves ecologically transforming the abandoned building according to the principle of "restoring the old as it was": retaining the original stone walls as load-bearing structures and removing non-load-bearing partitions to expand spatial permeability. The viewing platform uses a prestressed cantilevered steel structure, extending 8 meters outward to create a 270-degree panoramic sea view, with LED light strips embedded beneath the glass floor to simulate tidal light and shadow. The ground paving uses permeable concrete and recycled ceramic fragments in a mosaic pattern, ensuring rainwater infiltration while showcasing regional cultural symbols. Inside the station, an interactive sand table model is set up, displaying the century-long ecological succession process of the forest belt through a touch screen. At night, projection mapping technology is used to dynamically project the mangrove ecosystem onto the exterior walls, creating an immersive science exhibition space.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, in step S4, the IoT sensor network collects real-time data on temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and visitor density in the node area, and dynamically optimizes ecological management strategies through a multimodal data fusion algorithm. First, spatiotemporal interpolation technology is used to spatially grid-fill the discrete sensor data, constructing a heat map of the global environmental parameter distribution. Second, an irrigation optimization model based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is designed, taking into account soil moisture thresholds, plant water requirements, and visitor density weights, with the goal of minimizing water resource consumption and vegetation health risks, and outputting a dynamic irrigation time window and water allocation scheme. Simultaneously, combining the visitor density heat map and historical security event data, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained to identify abnormal behavior patterns, triggering a coordinated response from security equipment. Furthermore, the AR interactive system extracts 3D scene features of the forest belt through point cloud modeling and semantic segmentation technology, combines this with an ecological database to generate dynamic visualization content of species evolution, and uses a lightweight rendering engine to achieve low-latency interactive display.

[0018] The formula for calculating the dynamic irrigation decision function is as follows: ; Where: I(t) represents the irrigation priority index at time t, which is dimensionless and has a value range of [0,1]. The higher the index, the more urgent the irrigation demand.

[0019] S current This represents the current measured soil moisture value (unit: %), S min and S max These represent the minimum and maximum soil moisture thresholds that plants can tolerate, respectively.

[0020] D(t) represents the tourist density at time t (unit: people / m²). max This represents the maximum carrying capacity of the node region.

[0021] t last This represents the timestamp of the last irrigation, and λ is the time decay coefficient (unit: h). -1 ), controlling the rate of decay of the impact of historical irrigation.

[0022] α, β, γ represent weighting coefficients (α+β+γ=1), which respectively characterize the contribution ratios of soil moisture, tourist disturbance, and time factor, and are dynamically optimized through the DRL model; This formula innovatively incorporates ecological water demand patterns and human activity disturbances into a unified decision-making framework, through a time decay term (e −λ(t−tlast The impact of historical irrigation on current decisions is quantified to avoid resource waste caused by frequent irrigation. Weighting coefficients are dynamically adjusted through online learning using DRL; for example, β is reduced during peak tourist seasons to minimize the impact of irrigation on the visitor experience, while α is increased during dry periods to prioritize plant survival, achieving multi-objective collaborative optimization.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, in step S5, the middle layer is planted with large-leaved Terminalia catappa and Hibiscus syriacus, with a crown width of 3 to 8 meters and a plant spacing of 4 to 6 meters, forming a continuous windproof canopy. The bottom layer is densely planted with shrubs such as Pittosporum tobira and Pandanus tectorius, with a plant height of 0.5 to 1 meter, propagated by cuttings in a 0.3-meter by 0.3-meter grid, and planted in groups of 10 to 30 square meters each. Appropriate forest space or corridors are left, and shrubs, grasses, and vines are planted on both sides to form biological migration channels, which also facilitates future forest belt sightseeing. During construction, the coordinates of each seedling are marked using the Beidou positioning system to ensure accurate placement of the three-dimensional structure.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, in step S6, the solar lighting system adopts a split design: the photovoltaic panel tilt angle is optimized to 23 degrees to match the local latitude, ensuring an annual power generation efficiency of over 85%; the lithium iron phosphate battery pack is buried in a corrosion-resistant well and equipped with an intelligent charge / discharge controller to prevent overload. The luminaire optical system undergoes a secondary light distribution design, with the main path beam angle controlled at 60 degrees to avoid light scattering, and a honeycomb-style light shield is used in the forest edge area to reduce the light spill rate to below 5%. The lampshade innovatively uses a hot-press molding process of marine plastic waste and shell powder, with a wave texture etched on the surface to enhance the diffuse reflection effect. After the system is connected to the network, the brightness mode can be remotely adjusted via a mobile APP, and a dynamic flowing light program can be activated during festivals to enhance the atmosphere.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, in step S7, the cooperative implements a dual-track training system: technical training covers 12 practical courses, including seedling grafting and drip irrigation system maintenance; service training includes ecological tour guide script design and emergency rescue skills. Performance evaluation introduces an "ecological points system," where members earn 10 points for completing 1 mu (approximately 0.16 acres) of forest belt tending and 5 points for discovering and reporting pests and diseases. Points can be redeemed for agricultural tool subsidies or tourism dividends. The cooperative establishes a rotating council, holding monthly joint meetings to coordinate the conflict between forest maintenance and tourism operations. Pilot areas show that after increased villager participation, littering under the forest has decreased by 70%, and tourist complaints have decreased by 45%.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, step S8 involves establishing an integrated "air-space-ground" monitoring network: quarterly drone aerial photography generates centimeter-level orthophotos, and machine learning algorithms identify abnormal features such as canopy discoloration and dieback; soil moisture sensors are deployed in a grid, transmitting data back to the cloud analysis platform every 15 minutes. An "elastic irrigation" mode is activated before the annual rainy season, automatically triggering the drip irrigation system when soil moisture content is below 12% for three consecutive days; a visitor density warning threshold is set at 2 people / square meter, and visitors exceeding this limit are diverted to alternative routes via electronic guide screens. The annual assessment report incorporates 18 indicators, including vegetation health index and visitor satisfaction, to guide the iteration of the management plan for the next cycle.

[0027] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention significantly enhances the resilience and service value of the ecosystem through the integration of node-based design and intelligent technology. At the ecological protection level, the dynamic irrigation decision-making model optimizes water resource allocation based on real-time environmental data, ensuring the healthy growth needs of native plants while avoiding the indiscriminate nature of traditional timed irrigation. The scientific reorganization of forest stand structure and the precise allocation of salt- and drought-tolerant species, combined with an intelligent monitoring network for early warning and response to soil erosion and pests, construct a multi-layered ecological barrier, effectively reducing the risks of wind erosion and coastline degradation. The ecological transformation of abandoned facilities and the revitalization of understory spaces further expand biological habitats, promote the restoration of plant and animal diversity, and form a coastal ecosystem that combines protective effectiveness with the vitality of natural succession.

[0028] 2. In this invention, the creation of intelligent nodes reshapes the public space value of coastal defense forest belts. The application of AR interactive systems and light and shadow technology transforms ecological knowledge into immersive experiences, stimulating the public's intrinsic motivation to participate in nature conservation. The organic integration of understory economy and tourism facilities not only increases the value of ecological resources through derivative services such as handicraft workshops and study tours, but also drives employment and the inheritance of traditional culture in surrounding communities. The innovative design of lighting systems and energy solutions takes into account both nighttime landscape aesthetics and low-carbon goals, making the forest belt a window for ecological and cultural display around the clock. This closed-loop model of "protection-experience-benefit" promotes the transformation of coastal defense forests from a single ecological project to a sustainable public asset, providing long-term support for the ecological revitalization of coastal areas. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process principle of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Example

[0031] Reference Figure 1 , A method for transforming coastal shelterbelts based on node construction, comprising the following steps: S1: Based on the layout of the island's tourist highway and tourist flow data, key nodes with tourism potential, such as forest belt entrances, abandoned facility areas, and areas with open landscape views, are selected, and the scope of renovation is delineated in combination with topography and ecological sensitivity.

[0032] S2: Remove damaged trees and invasive species, and replant with native tree species (such as coconut, hibiscus, and large-leaved terminalia) to create a forest stand structure with varying heights and densities through group planting, thereby enhancing the ecological protection function.

[0033] S3: In the node area, plan an ecological plaza, a sea-view boardwalk, and a rest pavilion. Transform the original abandoned bungalows into a seaside station and integrate local cultural elements (such as fishing net decorations and coral stone walls) to create a landscape node that combines ecological and cultural features.

[0034] S4: Introduce an IoT sensor network to monitor temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and visitor density in the node area in real time, and optimize irrigation and security strategies through AI algorithms; set up an AR interactive screen to display the ecological succession process of the forest belt and species information to enhance the popular science experience.

[0035] S5: Plant suitable plants (such as Pittosporum tobira and Pandanus) in forest clearings, and combine them with wooden boardwalks to set up handicraft markets and light dining areas; develop nature education courses and nighttime stargazing activities to extend the ecotourism value chain.

[0036] S6: Solar-powered lights and low-energy LED light sources are used to provide soft lighting along the walkways and viewing platforms, taking into account both the nighttime landscape effect and the target audience; discarded coconut shells are used to make lampshades, reinforcing the concept of circular economy.

[0037] S7: Establish an ecological maintenance cooperative with surrounding villagers, provide planting and maintenance skills training, prioritize hiring local labor to participate in node operation, and establish a profit-sharing model to ensure long-term management.

[0038] S8: Assess plant growth status and visitor feedback quarterly, and use monitoring data to adjust vegetation density, facility layout and activity planning to ensure a dynamic balance between ecological and tourism functions.

[0039] S9: Develop themed IPs, promote node landscapes and special activities through short video platforms, collaborate with travel agencies to develop ecological study tour routes, and enhance the regional influence of forest belt nodes.

[0040] In step S1, the selection of key nodes requires a comprehensive analysis of the island's ring road layout, tourist behavior data, and ecological sensitivity. A 3D terrain model of the forest belt area is created using a geographic information system (GIS) to identify gently sloping areas with a gradient of less than 15 degrees and moderate vegetation cover as candidate sites. Heat map analysis is used to identify tourist hotspots, prioritizing locations near main road intersections or with optimal natural views. High-resolution aerial photography using drones is employed to eliminate sensitive areas containing endangered species or exhibiting geological instability. The final selected nodes must adhere to the principle of minimal ecological disturbance, ensuring seamless integration between the redevelopment area and the surrounding natural environment, while also reserving sufficient space to accommodate future expansion of tourism facilities.

[0041] In step S2, for stands with an excessive proportion of diseased and weak trees, a multi-dimensional assessment system was used to screen and remove trees: individuals with a trunk decay rate exceeding 30% and crown loss exceeding 50% were prioritized for removal. During the replanting phase, a "micro-topography adaptation" technique was introduced. Taking advantage of the high permeability of coastal sandy soil, a 20-cm-thick layer of coconut coir was laid at the bottom of the tree pit, mixed with humus and slow-release fertilizer to enhance water and fertilizer retention. Trees were planted using a "triangular staggered method," with three trees forming an equilateral triangle layout, spaced 5 meters apart to promote a balance in root competition; shrubs were planted radially outwards, utilizing the creeping characteristics of *Scabiosa spp.* to stabilize sand and prevent erosion. After implementation, LiDAR scanning verified that the vertical structure complexity of the canopy increased by 25%, and 18 more bird nesting sites were added.

[0042] In step S3, the ecological renovation of the abandoned building follows the principle of "repairing the old as the old": retaining the original stone masonry wall as the load-bearing structure and demolishing the non-load-bearing partition walls to expand the spatial permeability. The viewing platform adopts a prestressed cantilever steel structure, extending 8 meters outward to form a 270-degree sea view. LED light strips are embedded under the glass floor to simulate the tidal light and shadow. The ground paving uses pervious concrete and recycled ceramic fragments for parquet, which not only ensures rainwater infiltration but also presents the regional cultural totem. An interactive sand table model is set inside the post station, and the century-long ecological succession process of the forest belt is displayed through a touch screen. At night, the mangrove ecological chain is dynamically projected onto the outer wall using projection mapping technology to create an immersive science popularization exhibition space.

[0043] In step S4, the Internet of Things sensor network continuously collects data on temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and tourist density in the node area, and dynamically optimizes the ecological management strategy through a multi-modal data fusion algorithm. First, the spatio-temporal interpolation technology is used to perform spatial grid filling on the discrete sensor data to construct a heat map of the distribution of global environmental parameters. Secondly, an irrigation optimization model based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is designed. By inputting the soil moisture threshold, plant water demand, and tourist density weight, with the goal of minimizing water resource consumption and vegetation health risks, a dynamic irrigation time window and water volume allocation plan are output. At the same time, combining the tourist density heat map and historical security event data, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained to identify abnormal behavior patterns and trigger the linkage response of security equipment. In addition, the AR interaction system extracts the three-dimensional scene features of the forest belt through point cloud modeling and semantic segmentation technology, generates dynamic visualization content of species evolution in combination with the ecological database, and uses a lightweight rendering engine to achieve low-latency interactive display.

[0044] The calculation formula for the dynamic irrigation decision function is as follows: ; where: I(t) represents the irrigation priority index at time t, dimensionless, with a value range of [0,1]. The higher the index, the more urgent the irrigation demand.

[0045] S current represents the measured value of the current soil moisture (unit: %), S min and S max are the minimum and maximum soil moisture thresholds tolerated by the plants, respectively.

[0046] D(t) represents the tourist density at time t (unit: people / ㎡), D max is the maximum carrying density of the node area.

[0047] t last represents the time stamp of the previous irrigation, and λ is the time decay coefficient (unit: h -1 ), which controls the decay rate of the influence of historical irrigation.

[0048] α, β, γ represent weighting coefficients (α+β+γ=1), which respectively characterize the contribution ratios of soil moisture, tourist disturbance, and time factor, and are dynamically optimized through the DRL model; This formula innovatively incorporates ecological water demand patterns and human activity disturbances into a unified decision-making framework, through a time decay term (e −λ(t−tlast The impact of historical irrigation on current decisions is quantified to avoid resource waste caused by frequent irrigation. Weighting coefficients are dynamically adjusted through online learning using DRL; for example, β is reduced during peak tourist seasons to minimize the impact of irrigation on the visitor experience, while α is increased during dry periods to prioritize plant survival, achieving multi-objective collaborative optimization.

[0049] In step S5, the middle layer is planted with large-leaved Terminalia catappa and Hibiscus syriacus, with a crown width of 3 to 8 meters and a plant spacing of 4 to 6 meters, forming a continuous windbreak canopy. The bottom layer is densely planted with shrubs such as Pittosporum tobira and Pandanus tectorius, with a plant height of 0.5 to 1 meter, propagated by cuttings in a 0.3-meter by 0.3-meter grid, and planted in groups of 10 to 30 square meters each. Appropriate forest spaces or corridors are left, and shrubs, grasses, and vines are planted on both sides to form biological migration channels, which also facilitates future forest belt sightseeing. During construction, the coordinates of each seedling are marked using the Beidou positioning system to ensure accurate placement of the three-dimensional structure.

[0050] In step S6, the solar lighting system adopts a split design: the photovoltaic panel tilt angle is optimized to 23 degrees to match the local latitude, ensuring an annual power generation efficiency of over 85%; the lithium iron phosphate battery pack is buried in corrosion-resistant wells and equipped with an intelligent charge and discharge controller to prevent overload. The luminaire optical system undergoes secondary light distribution design, with the main path beam angle controlled at 60 degrees to avoid light scattering, and a honeycomb-style light shield is used in the forest edge area to reduce the light spill rate to below 5%. The lampshade innovatively uses a hot-press molding process of marine plastic waste and shell powder, with a wave texture etched on the surface to enhance the diffuse reflection effect. After the system is connected to the network, the brightness mode can be remotely adjusted via a mobile APP, and a dynamic flowing light program can be activated during festivals to enhance the atmosphere.

[0051] In step S7, the cooperative implements a dual-track training system: technical training covers 12 practical courses, including seedling grafting and drip irrigation system operation and maintenance; service training includes ecological tour guide script design and emergency rescue skills. Performance evaluation introduces an "ecological points system," where members earn 10 points for each acre of forest belt tending completed and 5 points for discovering and reporting pests and diseases. Points can be redeemed for agricultural tool subsidies or tourism dividends. The cooperative has established a rotating council, holding monthly joint meetings to coordinate the conflict between forest maintenance and tourism operations. Pilot areas show that after increased villager participation, littering under the forest has decreased by 70%, and tourist complaints have decreased by 45%.

[0052] In step S8, an integrated "air-space-ground" monitoring network is established: quarterly drone aerial photography generates centimeter-level orthophotos, and machine learning algorithms are used to identify abnormal features such as canopy discoloration and dieback; soil moisture sensors are deployed in a grid, transmitting data back to the cloud analysis platform every 15 minutes. A "flexible irrigation" mode is activated before the annual rainy season, automatically triggering the drip irrigation system when soil moisture content is below 12% for three consecutive days; the visitor density warning threshold is set at 2 people / square meter, and visitors are diverted to alternative routes via electronic guide screens if this limit is exceeded. The annual assessment report incorporates 18 indicators, including vegetation health index and visitor satisfaction, to guide the iteration of the management plan for the next cycle.

[0053] As can be seen from the above, this invention significantly enhances the resilience and service value of the ecosystem through the integration of node-based design and intelligent technology. At the ecological protection level, the dynamic irrigation decision-making model optimizes water resource allocation based on real-time environmental data, ensuring the healthy growth needs of native plants while avoiding the indiscriminate nature of traditional timed irrigation. The scientific reorganization of forest stand structure and the precise allocation of salt- and drought-tolerant species, combined with an intelligent monitoring network for early warning and response to soil erosion and pests, construct a multi-layered ecological barrier, effectively reducing the risks of wind erosion and coastline degradation. The ecological transformation of abandoned facilities and the revitalization of understory spaces further expand biological habitats, promote the restoration of plant and animal diversity, and form a coastal ecosystem that combines protective effectiveness with the vitality of natural succession.

[0054] In this invention, the creation of intelligent nodes reshapes the public space value of coastal defense forest belts. The application of AR interactive systems and light and shadow technology transforms ecological knowledge into immersive experiences, stimulating the public's intrinsic motivation to participate in nature conservation. The organic integration of understory economy and tourism facilities not only increases the value of ecological resources through derivative services such as handicraft workshops and study tours, but also drives employment and the inheritance of traditional culture in surrounding communities. The innovative design of lighting systems and energy solutions balances nighttime landscape aesthetics with low-carbon goals, making the forest belt a window for ecological and cultural display around the clock. This closed-loop model of "protection-experience-benefit" promotes the transformation of coastal defense forests from a single ecological project to a sustainable public asset, providing long-term support for the ecological revitalization of coastal areas.

[0055] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0056] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for transforming coastal shelterbelts based on node construction, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: S1: Based on the layout of the island's tourist highway and tourist flow data, key nodes with tourism potential, such as forest belt entrances, abandoned facility areas, and areas with open landscape views, are selected, and the scope of renovation is delineated in combination with topography and ecological sensitivity. S2: Remove damaged trees and invasive species, replant and restore the forest with native tree species, and form a forest stand structure with varying heights and densities through group planting to enhance the ecological protection function; S3: In the node area, plan an ecological square, a sea-view boardwalk and a rest pavilion, and transform the original abandoned bungalows into a seaside station, integrate local cultural elements, and create a landscape node that combines ecological and cultural characteristics. S4: Introduce an IoT sensor network to monitor temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and visitor density in the node area in real time, and optimize irrigation and security strategies through AI algorithms; set up an AR interactive screen to display the ecological succession process of the forest belt and species information to enhance the popular science experience; S5: Plant shade-tolerant and adaptable plants in forest clearings, and combine them with a wooden boardwalk to set up a handicraft market and light dining area; develop nature education courses and nighttime stargazing activities to extend the ecotourism value chain; S6: Solar-powered lights and low-energy LED light sources are used to provide soft lighting along the trails and viewing platforms, balancing the nighttime landscape effect with the goal of carbon neutrality; lampshades are made from discarded coconut shells to reinforce the concept of circular economy. S7: Establish an ecological maintenance cooperative with surrounding villagers, provide training in planting and maintenance skills, prioritize hiring local labor to participate in node operation, and establish a profit-sharing model to ensure long-term management; S8: Assess plant growth status and visitor feedback every quarter, and use monitoring data to adjust vegetation density, facility layout and activity planning to ensure a dynamic balance between ecological and tourism functions; S9: Deploy 5 LoRa IoT nodes per hectare, including soil three-parameter sensors with depths of 20 cm and 50 cm, an anemometer with an accuracy of ±0.1 m / s, and a 5-band multispectral camera; to monitor the effects of windbreak and sand fixation and soil and water conservation.

2. The coastal shelterbelt transformation method based on node construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the selection of key nodes requires a comprehensive analysis of the island's ring road layout, tourist behavior data, and ecological sensitivity. A three-dimensional terrain model of the forest belt area is created using a geographic information system to identify gently sloping areas with a gradient of less than 15 degrees and moderate vegetation cover as candidate points. Heat map analysis is used to identify tourist hotspots, prioritizing locations near main road intersections or with optimal natural views. High-resolution images are obtained through drone aerial photography to eliminate sensitive areas with endangered species habitats or unstable geology. The final selected nodes must meet the principle of minimal ecological disturbance, ensuring seamless integration between the renovated area and the surrounding natural environment, while reserving sufficient space to accommodate future tourism facility expansion needs.

3. The coastal shelterbelt transformation method based on node construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, for stands with an excessive proportion of diseased and weak trees, a multi-dimensional evaluation system is used to screen and remove targets: individuals with a trunk decay rate exceeding 30% and a crown loss exceeding 50% are prioritized for removal; during the replanting stage, the "micro-topography adaptation" technology is introduced, based on the high permeability of coastal sandy soil, a 20 cm thick layer of coconut coir is laid at the bottom of the tree pit, mixed with humus and slow-release fertilizer to improve water and fertilizer retention capacity; the "triangular staggered method" is used for tree planting, with three trees forming an equilateral triangle layout, with a spacing of 5 meters between trees to promote a balance of root competition; shrubs are planted in a radial outward extension, utilizing the creeping characteristics of Pittosporum to stabilize sand and prevent erosion; after implementation, verification by lidar scanning shows that the vertical structure complexity of the canopy layer has increased by 25%, and 18 bird nesting sites have been added.

4. The coastal shelterbelt transformation method based on node construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the ecological transformation of abandoned buildings follows the principle of "restoring the old as before": retaining the original stone masonry walls as load-bearing structures and demolishing non-load-bearing partition walls to expand the space's permeability. The viewing platform uses a prestressed cantilevered steel structure that extends outward by 8 meters to create a 270-degree panoramic view of the sea. LED light strips are embedded under the glass floor to simulate the light and shadow of the tides. The ground paving uses permeable concrete and recycled ceramic fragments to create a mosaic pattern, which not only ensures rainwater infiltration but also presents regional cultural totems.

5. The coastal shelterbelt transformation method based on node construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the IoT sensor network collects real-time data on temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and visitor density in the node area, and dynamically optimizes ecological management strategies through a multimodal data fusion algorithm. First, spatial gridding is used to fill the discrete sensor data using spatiotemporal interpolation technology to construct a heat map of the distribution of environmental parameters across the entire region. Second, an irrigation optimization model based on deep reinforcement learning is designed, taking into account soil moisture thresholds, plant water requirements, and visitor density weights, with the goal of minimizing water consumption and vegetation health risks, and outputting a dynamic irrigation time window and water allocation scheme. Simultaneously, by combining the visitor density heat map and historical security event data, a convolutional neural network is trained to identify abnormal behavior patterns and trigger a coordinated response from security equipment. In addition, the AR interactive system extracts three-dimensional scene features of the forest belt through point cloud modeling and semantic segmentation technology, combines ecological databases to generate dynamic visualization content of species evolution, and uses a lightweight rendering engine to achieve low-latency interactive display. The formula for calculating the dynamic irrigation decision function is as follows: ； Where: I(t) represents the irrigation priority index at time t, which is dimensionless and has a value range of [0,1]. The higher the index, the more urgent the irrigation demand. S current S represents the current measured soil moisture value. min and S max These are the minimum and maximum soil moisture thresholds that plants can tolerate, respectively. D(t) represents the tourist density at time t. max This represents the maximum carrying capacity of the node region. t last This represents the timestamp of the last irrigation, and λ is the time decay coefficient, which controls the decay rate of the impact of historical irrigation. α, β, and γ represent weighting coefficients, which respectively characterize the contribution ratios of soil moisture, visitor disturbance, and time factor, and are dynamically optimized through the DRL model.

6. The coastal shelterbelt transformation method based on node construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the middle layer is planted with large-leaved Terminalia catappa and Hibiscus syriacus, with a crown width of 3 to 8 meters and a plant spacing of 4 to 6 meters, forming a continuous windproof canopy; the bottom layer is densely planted with shrubs such as Pittosporum tobira and Pandanus tectorius, with a plant height of 0.5 to 1 meter, and is propagated by cuttings in a 0.3-meter by 0.3-meter grid, planted in groups, with each group covering 10 to 30 square meters; appropriate forest space or corridors are left, and shrubs, grasses and vines are planted on both sides to form biological migration channels, which also helps to develop forest belt sightseeing tours in the future; during construction, the coordinates of each seedling are marked using the Beidou positioning system to ensure the accurate landing of the three-dimensional structure.

7. The coastal shelterbelt transformation method based on node construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the solar lighting system adopts a split design: the photovoltaic panel tilt angle is optimized to 23 degrees to match the local latitude, ensuring an annual power generation efficiency of over 85%; the lithium iron phosphate battery pack is buried in a corrosion-resistant well and equipped with an intelligent charge and discharge controller to prevent overload; the lamp optical system undergoes a secondary light distribution design, with the main path beam angle controlled at 60 degrees to avoid light scattering, and a honeycomb shade is used in the forest edge area to reduce the light spill rate to below 5%.

8. The method for transforming coastal shelterbelts based on node construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, the cooperative implements a "dual-track" training system: technical training covers 12 practical courses, including seedling grafting and drip irrigation system operation and maintenance; service training includes ecological tour guide script design and emergency rescue skills; and performance evaluation introduces an "ecological points system," where members earn 10 points for completing 1 mu of forest belt tending and 5 points for discovering and reporting pests and diseases. Points can be redeemed for agricultural tool subsidies or tourism dividends.

9. The method for transforming coastal shelterbelts based on node construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S8, an integrated "air-space-ground" monitoring network is established: quarterly drone aerial photography generates centimeter-level orthophotos, and machine learning algorithms are used to identify abnormal features such as canopy discoloration and withered branches; soil moisture sensors are deployed in a grid, and data is transmitted back to the cloud analysis platform every 15 minutes; a "flexible irrigation" mode is activated before the rainy season each year, and the drip irrigation system is automatically triggered when the soil moisture content is below 12% for three consecutive days; the tourist density warning threshold is set at 2 people / square meter, and if the limit is exceeded, tourists are diverted to alternative routes through electronic guide screens.

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