Fire-fighting heat and electricity integrated high-power phase change immersion energy storage device and control method

Abstract

This invention provides a high-power phase change immersion energy storage device and control method integrating fire protection and thermoelectricity. The energy management system generates current adjustment commands based on operating conditions and updates these commands based on circulation parameters and status information. The battery management system operates the battery packs according to the current adjustment commands, collects battery pack status information, and locates faulty packs. In the thermal management system, the control unit obtains circulation parameters based on the current adjustment commands to control the heat exchange unit to provide circulating heat exchange medium to each battery pack, updates the circulation parameters based on real-time monitoring data collected by the monitoring unit, and controls the emergency response unit to perform cooling and pollution isolation and purification treatment on faulty packs. This device achieves deep integration of electricity, heat, and control, ensuring the heat dissipation efficiency of each battery pack; it can perform emergency treatment on faulty battery packs to ensure device operating efficiency; and it minimizes the risk of thermal runaway, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the energy storage system under high power density conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage thermal management technology, specifically to a high-power phase change immersion energy storage device and control method that integrates fire protection and thermal power. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of thermal management technology for energy storage systems, liquid cooling technology, as an important means of regulating battery operating temperature and ensuring system efficiency, has been widely used in battery thermal management due to its excellent temperature control effect. Its technical characteristics directly determine the operational stability and safety of energy storage systems. Currently, the mainstream liquid cooling technologies are mainly divided into two categories: cold plate cooling and immersion cooling. Both types of technologies have certain limitations in practical applications.

[0003] Cold plate cooling, as a traditional heat dissipation solution, achieves heat conduction through contact between the cold plate and the battery surface. However, due to inherent limitations of this contact method, the contact thermal resistance between the coolant and the battery is relatively high, resulting in a long heat transfer path and low efficiency. During battery charging and discharging, a large amount of heat accumulates inside the battery and cannot be dissipated in time, causing a significant temperature gradient to form on the battery surface. The temperature distribution is severely uneven between the upper and lower regions, leading to frequent local overheating. This non-uniform temperature distribution not only accelerates the decay and aging rate of the battery's active materials, leading to a significant reduction in battery cycle life, but also causes performance degradation problems such as charge / discharge capacity decay and increased internal resistance, severely restricting the overall efficiency of the energy storage system. In addition, the coolant circulation path design of the cold plate cooling system is complex. The multi-branch pipe layout significantly increases the system's friction and local resistance, which not only increases the energy consumption of the circulation pump but also reduces the dynamic response speed of the coolant. Under frequent fluctuations in operating conditions, it is difficult to accurately control the battery temperature within the optimal operating range (usually 25-35℃), further exacerbating the instability of system performance.

[0004] Compared to cold plate cooling technology, traditional single-phase immersion cooling completely places the battery pack in the coolant environment, allowing the coolant to directly contact the battery surface, increasing the heat exchange area and improving the temperature uniformity of the battery surface. However, under high power density conditions in energy storage systems, this technology's heat dissipation capacity is insufficient, failing to effectively cope with the large amount of heat generated by the battery in a short period of time under high power density scenarios. This makes it difficult to meet the heat dissipation requirements of such conditions, leading to a sharp increase in the risk of system thermal runaway.

[0005] Furthermore, current liquid cooling technology still has significant drawbacks under battery thermal runaway conditions: high-temperature gases and contaminants released by thermal runaway batteries can easily spread to the entire system through the circulation pipeline, causing the scope of the fault to expand; and after the fault is cleared, the coolant in the main circulation loop needs to be replaced as a whole, which not only increases the operation and maintenance costs, but also seriously limits the continuous operation efficiency of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention addresses the problems existing in the prior art by providing a high-power phase change immersion energy storage device that integrates fire protection and thermoelectricity, where the circulating loops of the heat exchange medium in the battery packs are independent and multiple parameters are used to jointly determine thermal runaway. This device can ensure the heat dissipation efficiency of each battery pack and provide emergency handling for faulty battery packs. While ensuring heat transfer efficiency, it significantly reduces the amount of coolant used and minimizes the risk of thermal runaway, thus ensuring the stable and safe operation of the energy storage system under high power density conditions.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a high-power phase change immersion energy storage device integrating fire protection and thermoelectricity, comprising a thermal management system, an energy management system, a battery management system, and multiple battery packs; the thermal management system includes a control unit, a heat exchange unit, a monitoring unit, and an emergency handling unit; the energy management system is used to generate current adjustment commands according to operating conditions, and to update the current adjustment commands according to cycle parameters and status information.

[0008] The battery management system is used to operate the plurality of battery packs according to the current adjustment command, to collect the status information of the plurality of battery packs, and to locate the faulty pack according to the status information;

[0009] The control unit is used to obtain circulation parameters according to the current adjustment command, to control the heat exchange unit to provide circulating heat exchange medium to the multiple battery packs respectively according to the circulation parameters, to update the circulation parameters according to real-time monitoring data, and to control the operation of the emergency handling unit for the faulty pack; the emergency handling unit is used to cool down the faulty pack and to isolate and purify the faulty pack.

[0010] The monitoring unit is used to collect the real-time monitoring data of the multiple battery packs.

[0011] In some embodiments, the loop parameters include a first loop parameter and a second loop parameter;

[0012] The first circulation parameter includes a first valve opening and a second valve opening. The first valve opening is the opening of a first solenoid valve, and the second valve opening is the opening of a second solenoid valve. The first solenoid valve is used to control the flow rate of the liquid phase heat exchange medium entering the battery pack, and the second solenoid valve is used to control the flow rate of the gas phase heat exchange medium exiting the battery pack. The thermal management system updates the first circulation parameter according to the real-time monitoring data.

[0013] The second circulation parameter is the third valve opening, which is the valve opening of the circulation pump; the valve of the circulation pump is used to control the total flow rate of the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange unit, and the thermal management system is used to obtain the second circulation parameter according to the current adjustment command.

[0014] In some embodiments, the real-time monitoring data includes liquid phase height and return vapor pressure;

[0015] The thermal management system updates the opening of the first valve based on the liquid phase height, and updates the opening of the second valve based on the return steam pressure.

[0016] In some embodiments, the emergency response unit includes a fire sprinkler module and a pollution isolation and purification module;

[0017] The fire sprinkler module is used to cool down the faulty battery pack; the input end of the fire sprinkler module is connected to the output end of the heat exchange unit, and each battery pack is equipped with an output end of the fire sprinkler module.

[0018] The pollution isolation and purification module is used to perform pollution isolation and purification treatment on the faulty pack; the input terminal of the pollution isolation and purification module is connected to the output terminal of each of the battery packs.

[0019] In some embodiments, a positioning structure is provided at the output end of the fire sprinkler module;

[0020] The thermal management system is also used to obtain the coordinates of the thermal runaway battery cell based on the battery parameters of the fault pack. The energy management system controls the output of the fire sprinkler module in the fault pack to perform directional cooling treatment on the thermal runaway battery cell based on the coordinates of the thermal runaway battery cell and the positioning structure.

[0021] In some embodiments, the heat exchange unit includes a liquid storage tank, a circulating pump, a liquid supply line, a vapor return line, and a liquid-cooled heat exchanger;

[0022] The output end of the liquid storage tank is connected to the liquid supply pipeline. The circulation pump is installed on the liquid supply pipeline. The input end of each battery pack is connected to the liquid supply pipeline. The gas phase output end of each battery pack is connected to the return vapor pipeline. The return vapor pipeline is connected to the input end of the liquid-cooled heat exchanger. The output end of the liquid-cooled heat exchanger is connected to the input end of the liquid storage tank.

[0023] In some embodiments, the heat exchange unit includes a liquid storage tank, a circulating pump, a liquid supply line, a steam return line, and a condenser.

[0024] The output end of the liquid storage tank is connected to the liquid supply pipeline, the circulation pump is installed on the liquid supply pipeline, the input end of each battery pack is connected to the liquid supply pipeline, the gas phase output end of each battery pack is connected to the vapor return pipeline, the vapor return pipeline is connected to the input end of the liquid storage tank, and the condenser is arranged in the vapor return pipeline.

[0025] In some embodiments, the liquid storage tank includes a constant temperature liquid storage chamber and a nitrogen chamber, which are sealed and isolated by a diaphragm. When the pressure in the constant temperature liquid storage chamber or the nitrogen chamber changes, the diaphragm moves or elastically deforms to change the volume of the constant temperature liquid storage chamber and the volume of the nitrogen chamber, respectively.

[0026] A high-power phase change immersion energy storage control method for integrated fire-fighting thermoelectric systems, utilizing the aforementioned high-power phase change immersion energy storage device, includes the following steps:

[0027] Obtain operating condition requirements;

[0028] The energy management system generates current adjustment commands based on the operating conditions.

[0029] The control unit obtains the cycle parameters according to the current adjustment command;

[0030] The battery management system controls the operation of the multiple battery packs according to the current adjustment command, and the battery management system collects the status information of the multiple battery packs;

[0031] The control unit controls the operation of the heat exchange unit according to the circulation parameters; the heat exchange unit provides circulating heat exchange medium to the multiple battery packs respectively based on the circulation parameters;

[0032] The monitoring unit monitors each of the battery packs to obtain real-time monitoring data;

[0033] The thermal management system updates the circulation parameters based on the real-time monitoring data;

[0034] The energy management system updates the current adjustment command based on the updated cycle parameters and the status information;

[0035] The battery management system locates the fault package based on the status information;

[0036] The thermal management system controls the operation of the emergency response unit in response to the fault package.

[0037] The emergency response unit cools down the faulty package; the emergency response unit isolates and purifies the faulty package to remove contaminants.

[0038] In some embodiments, the real-time monitoring data includes liquid phase height and return vapor pressure;

[0039] The cycle parameters include a first cycle parameter, which includes a first valve opening and a second valve opening.

[0040] The thermal management system updates the circulation parameters based on the real-time monitoring data by: updating the opening degree of the first valve based on the liquid phase height, and updating the opening degree of the second valve based on the return steam pressure.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] 1. The energy management system disclosed herein generates current adjustment commands according to operating conditions and transmits the current adjustment commands synchronously to the thermal management system and the battery management system. At the same time, the thermal management system and the battery management system feed back the updated cycle parameters and status information to the energy management system, which can achieve rapid response and linkage of the energy management system, thermal management system and battery management system in about a second, and achieve deep integration of "electricity-heating-control".

[0043] 2. In this disclosure, the circulation loops of the heat exchange medium of each battery pack are independent of each other, so that the mutual influence of the heat exchange medium between battery packs is minimized, and the circulation speed of each battery pack can be adjusted in real time according to its own operation or heat generation status, so as to ensure the heat dissipation efficiency of each battery pack, and to carry out targeted emergency treatment for faulty battery packs, thereby ensuring the overall operating efficiency of the device.

[0044] 3. In the event of thermal runaway, the fault packet only outputs a gaseous phase or a gas-liquid mixture to the contamination isolation and purification module to prevent the contaminant from spreading to the main circulation loop, thereby minimizing the risk of runaway and ensuring the stable and safe operation of the energy storage system under high power density conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the control relationship of the high-power phase change submerged energy storage device integrating fire protection and thermoelectricity disclosed in this publication;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a high-power phase change submerged energy storage device integrating fire protection and thermoelectric functions, in which the return steam pipeline and condensation equipment are independently set up in this disclosure.

[0047] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning structure in this disclosure;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the high-power phase change submerged energy storage device for fire protection and thermoelectric integration, in which the condenser tubes are arranged in the return steam pipeline.

[0049] Figure 5 The process flow of this disclosed high-power phase change immersion energy storage control method for integrated fire protection and thermoelectric systems is as follows: Figure I ;

[0050] Figure 6 The process flow of the high-power phase change immersion energy storage control method for integrated fire protection and thermoelectric systems disclosed herein is as follows: Figure II .

[0051] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 100, battery pack; 110, battery cell; 210, liquid storage tank; 211, constant temperature liquid storage chamber; 212, nitrogen chamber; 213, diaphragm; 220, circulating pump; 230, liquid supply line; 231, first branch line; 232, first solenoid valve; 240, return steam line; 241, second branch line; 242, second solenoid valve; 250, liquid-cooled heat exchanger; 251, external cold source; 252, condenser tube; 310, liquid detector; 320, level gauge; 330, first pressure sensor; 411, first spray pipe; 412, first spray head; 413, third solenoid valve; 414, liquid pump; 415, liquid delivery pipe; 420, spare pipe. 421. Third branch pipe; 422. Fourth solenoid valve; 423. Fourth branch pipe; 424. Fifth solenoid valve; 425. Sixth solenoid valve; 426. First exhaust valve; 430. Purification and refining equipment; 431. Sewage pipe; 432. Sewage valve; 440. Fifth branch pipe; 441. Seventh solenoid valve; 451. Second spray pipe; 452. Second spray head; 460. Second exhaust valve; 470. Second pressure sensor; 480. Eighth solenoid valve; 490. Positioning structure; 491. First threaded rod; 492. Slide groove; 493. Slider; 494. Second threaded rod; 495. Guide rod; 496. Mounting block; I. First direction; II. Second direction. Detailed Implementation

[0052] For the specific scenario of high power density operation of energy storage systems, the shortcomings of existing liquid-cooled temperature control systems are quite prominent: Under normal operating conditions, the heat dissipation requirements of the battery pack fluctuate significantly with the dynamic changes in operating parameters such as charging and discharging power and ambient temperature. However, the heat exchange efficiency adjustment of traditional liquid-cooled systems is lagging, which can easily lead to problems such as local overheating of the battery and failure of pipe seals. When the battery experiences thermal runaway, the existing system lacks an effective risk isolation and emergency cooling coordination mechanism. The high-temperature gases and pollutants released by the runaway battery can easily spread to the entire system through the circulation pipeline, leading to an expansion of the fault range. Moreover, after the fault is cleared, the coolant in the main circulation loop needs to be replaced, which not only increases the operation and maintenance costs but also seriously affects the continuous operation efficiency of the system. In addition, existing technologies generally separate heat dissipation functions from safety protection designs, failing to take advantage of the natural advantages of the immersion environment to achieve integrated phase change heat dissipation and fire emergency response, which restricts the promotion and application of energy storage systems in high safety level and high power density scenarios.

[0053] To clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, the implementation methods of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. This will allow for a full understanding and implementation of how this application uses technical means to solve technical problems and achieve corresponding technical effects. The embodiments of this application and the various features within them can be combined with each other without conflict, and the resulting technical solutions are all within the protection scope of this application.

[0054] High power density operating conditions typically include supercharging frequency regulation and thermal energy storage frequency regulation. A key characteristic of these conditions is the significant dynamic changes in current during charging and discharging, such as oscillations in the charging and discharging current over short or long operating cycles. Under these conditions, the heat generation rate of the energy storage system fluctuates drastically with changes in current, placing extremely high demands on the response speed and control accuracy of the thermal management system. Traditional energy storage systems often rely on a single temperature monitoring as the trigger condition for control, and their inherent lag is particularly pronounced in high power fluctuation scenarios. Specifically, as the charging and discharging current increases, the battery heat generation rate also increases. However, traditional energy storage systems only initiate temperature control after the battery temperature rises to a preset monitoring threshold, resulting in a significant time delay. This delay may cause the battery to be in a suboptimal thermal environment before the temperature control system takes effect, affecting not only energy conversion efficiency and battery cycle life but also potentially increasing safety risks due to heat accumulation. Existing energy storage systems lack effective risk isolation and emergency cooling coordination mechanisms. High-temperature gases and pollutants released by runaway batteries can easily spread throughout the entire energy storage system through the circulation pipeline, leading to an expansion of the fault range. Furthermore, after the fault is cleared, the coolant in the main circulation loop needs to be completely replaced, which not only increases operation and maintenance costs but also seriously affects the continuous operating efficiency of the energy storage system. In addition, existing technologies generally separate heat dissipation functions from safety protection designs, failing to leverage the natural advantages of immersion environments to achieve integrated phase change heat dissipation and fire emergency response, thus hindering the widespread application of energy storage systems in high-safety-level, high-power-density scenarios.

[0055] To address the problems in the existing technology, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 This disclosure provides a high-power phase change immersion energy storage device integrating fire protection and thermoelectricity, including a thermal management system, an energy management system, a battery management system and multiple battery packs 100. The thermal management system includes a control unit, a heat exchange unit, a monitoring unit and an emergency response unit.

[0056] The energy management system is used to generate current adjustment commands based on operating conditions and to update current adjustment commands based on cycle parameters and status information.

[0057] The battery management system is used to operate multiple battery packs 100 according to current adjustment commands, to collect status information of multiple battery packs 100, and to locate faulty packs based on status information.

[0058] The control unit is used to obtain circulation parameters according to the current adjustment command, and to control the heat exchange unit to provide circulating heat exchange medium to multiple battery packs 100 respectively according to the circulation parameters. Each battery pack 100 forms an independent circulation with the heat exchange unit. The control unit is used to update the circulation parameters according to real-time monitoring data, and to control the operation of the emergency handling unit for faulty packs. The emergency handling unit is used to cool down the faulty pack and to isolate and purify the faulty pack due to contamination.

[0059] The monitoring unit is used to collect real-time monitoring data from multiple battery packs 100.

[0060] The heat exchange unit provides circulating heat exchange medium to multiple battery packs 100 based on circulation parameters. The multiple battery packs 100 are arranged in a modular stacking manner. The output end of the heat exchange unit is connected to the input end of each battery pack 100. The heat exchange unit provides liquid heat exchange medium to multiple battery packs 100, so that the battery packs in the battery pack 100 are partially immersed in the liquid heat exchange medium, thus constructing an efficient liquid-solid heat transfer interface. The commonly used liquid heat exchange medium is fluorinated liquid. The gas phase output end of each battery pack 100 is connected to the input end of the heat exchange unit. The liquid heat exchange medium in each battery pack 100 vaporizes after exchanging heat with the battery pack and returns to the heat exchange unit through the gas phase output end of each battery pack 100. The heat exchange medium returning to the heat exchange unit is condensed and liquefied, forming a circulation loop of heat exchange medium, so as to minimize the mutual influence of heat exchange medium between battery packs 100.

[0061] The emergency response unit is used to cool down the faulty package and to isolate and purify the faulty package from contamination.

[0062] Because each battery pack 100 forms an independent loop with the heat exchange unit, the flow rate of the heat exchange medium in each battery pack 100 can be adjusted in real time according to its own operating or heating status. Specifically, the circulation parameters are adjusted in real time based on the liquid phase height and return vapor pressure within the battery pack 100, ensuring the heat dissipation efficiency of each battery pack 100 and enabling targeted emergency handling of faulty packs, thus ensuring the overall operating efficiency of the device. In traditional systems, after fault clearance, the medium in the main circulation loop of the battery pack is usually replaced, affecting operating efficiency. The main circulation loop is the circulation loop of the heat exchange medium between the heat exchange unit and the normally operating battery pack 100. However, in this disclosure, each battery pack 100 forms an independent loop with the heat exchange unit, thus enabling pollution isolation and purification treatment of faulty packs, preventing the spread of contaminants into the main circulation loop, minimizing the risk of runaway, ensuring the stable and safe operation of the energy storage system under high power density conditions, and guaranteeing operating efficiency.

[0063] The energy management system generates current adjustment commands based on operating conditions and synchronously transmits these commands to the thermal management system and battery management system. This enables the thermal and battery management systems to initiate preprocessing procedures before the actual current change occurs. Specifically, the thermal management system obtains the circulation parameters based on the current adjustment commands and presets the optimal heat dissipation state. The battery management system synchronously monitors the status information of each battery pack 100, providing accurate data for the energy management system's regulation. The thermal management system also collects real-time monitoring data from each battery pack 100 during operation and updates the circulation parameters in real time based on the monitoring data. Simultaneously, the thermal and battery management systems feed back the status information and updated circulation parameters to the energy management system, forming a complete closed-loop control link. This achieves rapid response and linkage at approximately the second level, realizing a deep integration of "electricity-heating-control".

[0064] Beneficially, the collaborative control mechanism of the energy management system, thermal management system, and battery management system overcomes the limitations of traditional single temperature feedback. Through the forward-looking linkage and real-time interaction of multiple systems, the lag effect of temperature control response is effectively eliminated, local overheating of the battery is avoided, and fluctuations in the heat dissipation demand of the battery pack are mitigated. This significantly improves the dynamic response capability and operational stability of the system under high-fluctuation conditions, providing key technical support for the efficient and safe operation of energy storage systems under high power density conditions. Furthermore, in the event of thermal runaway, since each battery pack 100 forms an independent cycle with the heat exchange unit, targeted emergency treatment can be carried out on the faulty pack, ensuring the overall operating efficiency of the device. The faulty pack only outputs gaseous or gas-liquid mixed phases to the emergency treatment unit, preventing the contaminant from spreading into the main circulation loop, minimizing the risk of runaway, and ensuring the stable and safe operation of the energy storage system under high power density conditions.

[0065] In some embodiments, the loop parameters include a first loop parameter and a second loop parameter;

[0066] The first cycle parameters include the opening degree of the first valve and the opening degree of the second valve. The opening degree of the first valve is the opening degree of the first solenoid valve 232, and the opening degree of the second valve is the opening degree of the second solenoid valve 242. The first solenoid valve 232 is used to control the flow rate of the liquid phase heat exchange medium entering the battery pack 100, and the second solenoid valve 242 is used to control the flow rate of the gas phase heat exchange medium exiting the battery pack 100. The thermal management system updates the first cycle parameters according to real-time monitoring data.

[0067] Each battery pack 100 has a first solenoid valve 232 installed between its input end and the output end of the heating unit, and each battery pack has a second solenoid valve 242 installed between its gas phase input end and the input end of the heating unit. The flow rate of the liquid phase heat exchange medium entering the battery pack 100 is controlled by controlling the opening degree of the first solenoid valve 232 (i.e., the first valve opening degree), and the flow rate of the gas phase heat exchange medium exiting the battery pack 100 is controlled by controlling the opening degree of the second solenoid valve 242 (i.e., the second valve opening degree), thereby achieving control over the flow rate of the heat exchange medium within the battery pack 100. It should be noted that in the initial state under each operating condition, each battery pack 100 is defaulted to the target liquid phase height and target return pressure under that operating condition. At this time, both the first solenoid valve 232 and the second solenoid valve 242 are defaulted to the initial opening degree, i.e., the first valve opening degree is the first reference opening degree, and the second valve opening degree is the second reference opening degree.

[0068] The second circulation parameter is the opening degree of the third valve, which is the valve opening degree of the circulation pump 220. The valve of the circulation pump 220 is used to control the total flow rate of the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange unit. The thermal management system is used to obtain the second circulation parameter according to the current adjustment command. By controlling the valve opening degree of the circulation pump 220, the total flow rate of the heat exchange medium under different operating conditions can be controlled.

[0069] Traditional liquid cooling devices lack proactive adjustment capabilities when facing complex operating conditions, have relatively limited functionality, struggle to maintain stable sealing performance over long periods, and have room for improvement in energy utilization efficiency. To address this issue, the high-power phase change immersion energy storage device integrating fire protection and thermoelectricity provided in this disclosure uses different current adjustment commands corresponding to different operating conditions. These different current adjustment commands correspond to different heat dissipation modes, and the different heat dissipation modes correspond to different circulation parameters. When the operating conditions, i.e., the current adjustment commands, change, the thermal management system automatically adjusts the first and second circulation parameters. Furthermore, it uses real-time monitoring data to adjust the opening degrees of the first solenoid valve 232 and the second solenoid valve 242 in real time, thereby achieving dynamic thermal balance in the main circulation loop through multi-parameter coordinated adjustment.

[0070] In some of these embodiments, real-time monitoring data includes liquid phase height and return vapor pressure;

[0071] The thermal management system updates the opening of the first valve based on the liquid level, and updates the opening of the second valve based on the return steam pressure.

[0072] The monitoring unit includes multiple level gauges 320 and multiple first pressure sensors 330. The multiple level gauges 320 and multiple first pressure sensors 330 correspond one-to-one with multiple battery packs 100. The level gauges 320 are used to monitor the liquid level in the corresponding battery pack 100, and the first pressure sensors 330 are used to monitor the return vapor pressure in the corresponding battery pack 100. The structure is simple and can be realized by simply modifying the existing battery packs. It is also inexpensive.

[0073] First valve opening (Unit: %, Range 0~100%) Used to regulate the flow rate of the liquid heat exchange medium entering the battery pack 100, first valve opening degree The opening degree of the first valve is negatively correlated with the liquid level (the lower the liquid level, the greater the liquid supply required). for:

[0074] ;

[0075] In the formula, The real-time liquid level inside the battery pack (unit: m). The target liquid level is the normal liquid level required under this operating condition and the target liquid level during normal operation (unit: m). It is the liquid phase fluctuation tolerance coefficient (allowing the liquid level, i.e., the liquid phase height, to fluctuate within ±1%~5% of the target liquid phase height). The first reference opening (the initial opening at normal liquid level, which is generally recommended) is... Take 20%~40%) The liquid supply adjustment ratio (unit: % / m, set according to the battery enclosure volume, for example, when...) At 50% / m, that is, for every 0.1m below the target liquid height, the opening of the first valve increases by 5%.

[0076] Second valve opening (Unit: %, Range 0~100%) Used to regulate the flow rate of the gas-phase heat exchange medium discharged from battery pack 100, second valve opening. The second valve opening is positively correlated with the return steam pressure (the higher the return steam pressure, the greater the return steam flow). for:

[0077] ;

[0078] In the formula, This refers to the real-time return vapor pressure within the battery pack (unit: kPa). The target return steam pressure is the normal pressure required under this operating condition, i.e., the target return steam pressure during normal operation (unit: kPa). This is the pressure fluctuation tolerance coefficient (allowing the return steam pressure to fluctuate within ±1%~5% of the target return steam pressure). The second reference opening (the initial opening at normal pressure, which is generally recommended) is... Take 20%~40%) The return steam regulation ratio coefficient (unit: % / kPa, set according to pipeline resistance, for example, when...) At 20% / kPa, that is, for every 0.5kPa higher than the target return steam pressure, the opening of the second valve increases by 10%.

[0079] Furthermore, the components in the battery management system used to collect status information of multiple battery packs 100 include multiple temperature sensors. Each temperature sensor corresponds to one of the multiple battery packs 100. The temperature sensors are used to monitor temperature changes within the battery packs 100. A sudden temperature rise within a battery pack 100 can be used alone as a criterion for determining whether a battery pack 100 is a faulty pack, or a sudden temperature rise can be used together with real-time voltage to determine whether a battery pack 100 is a faulty pack. Subsequently, the battery management system sends fault information to the control unit in the thermal management system. The control unit activates the emergency handling unit based on the fault information. Setting multiple parameters can improve the accuracy of emergency handling judgment.

[0080] Generally, there are two ways to determine whether battery pack 100 is faulty:

[0081] 1. When the temperature collected by the temperature sensor reaches the temperature threshold and the temperature rise rate is ≥1°C / s and lasts for more than 3 seconds, it is determined that the battery pack 100 corresponding to the temperature sensor has thermal runaway, that is, the battery pack 100 is a faulty pack. The temperature threshold is the maximum operating temperature specified by the battery pack manufacturer.

[0082] 2. When the voltage drop of the real-time voltage of the battery pack 100 exceeds 25% of the initial voltage, and the temperature rise rate collected by the temperature sensor corresponding to the battery pack 100 is ≥1°C / s and lasts for more than 3 seconds, it is determined that the battery pack 100 corresponding to the temperature sensor has thermal runaway, that is, the battery pack 100 is a faulty pack.

[0083] In this disclosure, preferably, a method combining real-time voltage and real-time temperature is used to determine whether thermal runaway has occurred in the battery pack. Typically, when thermal runaway occurs, both the real-time voltage and real-time temperature within the battery pack are abnormal. When only the real-time voltage or only the real-time temperature is abnormal, it is necessary to troubleshoot the voltage or temperature sensors to avoid judgment failure due to sensor malfunction. The emergency handling described in this disclosure only addresses thermal runaway; other faults require further investigation, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0084] In some embodiments, the emergency response unit includes a fire sprinkler module and a pollution isolation and purification module;

[0085] The fire sprinkler module is used to cool down the faulty battery pack; the input end of the fire sprinkler module is connected to the output end of the heat exchange unit, and each battery pack 100 is equipped with the output end of a fire sprinkler module.

[0086] The pollution isolation and purification module is used to isolate and purify the faulty packs; the input of the pollution isolation and purification module is connected to the output of each battery pack 100.

[0087] In some embodiments, the fire sprinkler module includes a plurality of first fire sprinkler elements, each of which corresponds to a plurality of battery packs 100. The input end of each first fire sprinkler element is connected to the liquid supply pipeline 230, and the output end of each first fire sprinkler element is located at the top of the corresponding battery pack 100.

[0088] See still Figure 2 The first fire sprinkler system includes a first sprinkler pipe 411, a first sprinkler head 412, and a third solenoid valve 413. The first sprinkler head 412 is installed at one end of the first sprinkler pipe 411 and is located at the top of the corresponding battery pack 100. The other end of the first sprinkler pipe 411 is connected to the corresponding first branch pipe 231. The third solenoid valve 413 is installed on the first sprinkler pipe 411. Preferably, the third solenoid valve 413 is located outside the battery pack 100. When the liquid phase height is higher than the liquid phase threshold or the return steam pressure is greater than the pressure threshold, the second solenoid valve 242 is opened. The liquid phase heat exchange medium can pass through the first sprinkler head 412 to cool the battery pack at the top of the battery pack 100, thereby improving the efficiency of handling thermal runaway. The first fire sprinkler system can directly extract the liquid phase heat exchange medium in the main circulation loop. The heat exchange medium is usually fluorinated liquid and transport it to the first sprinkler head 412 to ensure rapid intervention and cooling in the early stage of thermal runaway.

[0089] In some embodiments, a positioning structure 590 is provided at the output end of the fire sprinkler module;

[0090] When locating a faulty battery pack, the battery management system also obtains the coordinates of the thermal runaway cells based on the battery parameters of the faulty pack. Typically, multiple battery groups are linearly arranged at the bottom of the battery pack 100, and each battery group includes multiple linearly arranged battery cells 110. This can be viewed as the battery cells 110 in the battery pack 100 being arranged in a rectangular array. From a top-down perspective, i.e., in a two-dimensional plane, each battery cell 110 corresponds to a different coordinate. When thermal runaway occurs, the battery management system can quickly locate the battery cell 110 that has experienced thermal runaway based on the differences in the data of each battery cell in the battery parameters, i.e., obtain the coordinates of the thermal runaway cell. At the same time, the battery management system sends the coordinates of the thermal runaway cell as fault information to the control unit in the thermal management system. Based on the coordinates of the thermal runaway cell, the control unit controls the output of the fire sprinkler module in the faulty pack to perform directional cooling treatment on the thermal runaway cell according to the positioning structure 590.

[0091] The positioning structure 590 can drive the first sprinkler head 412 to adjust its displacement along a preset two-dimensional coordinate system via a stepper motor. Combined with the preset cell position mapping relationship within the battery pack 100, it can lock the coordinates of the thermal runaway cell in real time and move the first sprinkler head 412 to the target position along the preset two-dimensional coordinate system. In some embodiments, the first fire sprinkler component includes a first sprinkler head 412, a liquid pump 414, and a liquid delivery pipe 415. The liquid pump 414 is located at the bottom of the corresponding battery pack 100 and is used to supply liquid to the first sprinkler head during cooling. The shower head 412 supplies liquid heat exchange medium to the fault package. The liquid delivery pipe 415 is a flexible hose to adapt to changes in the position of the first shower head 412. During the cooling process, a large amount of liquid heat exchange medium is supplied to the fault package. A liquid pump 414 is installed in the battery pack 100 to directly extract the liquid heat exchange medium from the fault package. This does not require external medium replenishment, which can minimize the medium transmission path of emergency response and significantly improve the instantaneous supply efficiency of the heat exchange medium for cooling, ensuring rapid intervention in cooling at the initial stage of thermal runaway.

[0092] See Figure 4The positioning structure 590 includes a first threaded rod 491, a slide groove 492, a slider 493, a second threaded rod 494, a guide rod 495, and a mounting block 496. The first threaded rod 491 and the second threaded rod 494 are perpendicular to each other, and the first threaded rod 491 and the second threaded rod 494 are respectively controlled to rotate by stepper motors. Preferably, each of the first threaded rod 491 and the second threaded rod 494 corresponds to a stepper motor. The axial direction of the first threaded rod 491 is along the second direction II, and the axial direction of the second threaded rod 494 is along the first direction I. The first direction I and the second direction II are respectively the rectangular array directions of the battery cells 110 inside the battery pack 100. The first threaded rod 491 is arranged along the slide groove 492, and the two ends of the first threaded rod 491 are rotatably engaged with the two ends of the slide groove 492. The slide groove 492 is located in the battery pack. At the top edge of package 100, slider 493 is threadedly engaged with first threaded rod 491, and slider 493 is slidably engaged with slide groove 492 along second direction II. Second threaded rod 494 is rotatably engaged with slider 493. Guide rod 495 is parallel to second threaded rod 494, and guide rod 495 is fixedly connected to slider 493. Mounting block 496 is threadedly engaged with second threaded rod 494, and mounting block 496 is slidably engaged with guide rod 495 along first direction I. First spray head 412 is mounted on mounting block 496. In use, according to the coordinates of the thermal runaway battery cell, the number of rotations or rotation angles of first threaded rod 491 and second threaded rod 494 are controlled by stepper motors, which can quickly move mounting block 496 above the battery cell 110 that has experienced thermal runaway, thereby achieving directional spray cooling.

[0093] It is worth noting that, in order to ensure the stability of the movement of the mounting block 496, there are two of each of the first threaded rod 491, the slide groove 492 and the slider 493. The slide groove 492 is located on opposite sides of the top edge of the battery pack 100. Each slide groove 492 has a slider 493 that slides in it. Each slider 493 has a first threaded rod 491 that is threaded in it. The guide rod 495 and the second threaded rod 494 are connected between the two sliders 493 respectively.

[0094] In addition to the solutions described above, the positioning structure 590 uses a stepper motor to drive the first spray head 412 to adjust its displacement along a preset two-dimensional coordinate system, which is an existing technology. The coordinate positioning logic of 3D printing technology can be referenced, and will not be elaborated here.

[0095] When the battery management system determines that a battery cell 110 has experienced thermal runaway, the positioning structure can drive the first spray head 412 to move to the target position within milliseconds, achieving directional spray cooling. This precise and targeted fire suppression mode avoids the waste of media and secondary thermal disturbance caused by traditional full-area spraying, and improves cooling efficiency by focusing on the core area of ​​the heat source, effectively curbing the spread of thermal runaway.

[0096] In some embodiments, the heat exchange unit includes a liquid storage tank 210, a circulation pump 220, a liquid supply line 230, a steam return line 240, and a liquid-cooled heat exchanger 250.

[0097] The output end of the liquid storage tank 210 is connected to the liquid supply line 230. The circulation pump 220 is installed on the liquid supply line 230. The input end of each battery pack 100 is connected to the liquid supply line 230. The gas phase output end of each battery pack 100 is connected to the return vapor line 240. The return vapor line 240 is connected to the input end of the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 250. The output end of the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 250 is connected to the input end of the liquid storage tank 210.

[0098] See Figure 3 In some embodiments, the heat exchange unit includes a liquid storage tank 210, a circulating pump 220, a liquid supply line 230, a steam return line 240, and a condenser tube 252. The output end of the liquid storage tank 210 is connected to the liquid supply line 230. The circulating pump 220 is installed on the liquid supply line 230. The input end of each battery pack 100 is connected to the liquid supply line 230, and the gas phase output end of each battery pack 100 is connected to the steam return line 240. The steam return line 240 is connected to the input end of the liquid storage tank 210, and the condenser tube 252 is arranged inside the steam return line 240. Addressing the problems of pipeline redundancy and heat loss caused by the independent installation of the steam return line 240 and the condensing equipment in traditional heat exchange units, this disclosure embodiment integrates the condensing system into a single, unified design. The core of this design is to embed the condensing function into the fluid path of the steam return line 240. Specifically, the condenser tube 252 is directly arranged inside the return steam line 240, that is, the condenser tube 252 is directly arranged inside the internal cavity of the return steam line 240. Figure 3 The intermediate condenser tube 252 uses an external cold source 251, enabling the return steam pipeline 240 to simultaneously perform the dual functions of transporting the gas-phase heat exchange medium and condensation heat exchange, eliminating the redundant pipeline connecting the return steam pipeline 240 and the condenser in traditional systems. When the gas-phase heat exchange medium enters the return steam pipeline 240 after heat exchange by the battery pack 100, it comes into direct contact with the built-in condenser tube 252, achieving rapid liquefaction through heat exchange via the tube wall. The liquefied liquid medium then flows naturally back to the liquid storage tank 210 along the inner wall of the return steam pipeline 240, forming an integrated closed-loop process of "return steam collection - condensation liquefaction - liquid return". This structural design not only simplifies the overall pipeline layout of the device and reduces fluid friction resistance, but also reduces thermal interference from the external environment on the condensation process. At the same time, the overall space occupancy of the device is significantly reduced, providing technical support for compact layout in high-power energy storage scenarios.

[0099] It is worth noting that, in order to further reduce the temperature of the liquid heat exchange medium condensed through the return steam pipe 240, a liquid-cooled heat exchanger 250 is installed below the return steam pipe 240 where the condenser tubes 252 are arranged. The liquid-cooled heat exchanger 250 further cools down the liquid heat exchange medium returning from the return steam pipe 240. The liquid heat exchange medium processed by the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 250 is returned to the storage tank 210 to ensure the heat exchange efficiency of the main circulation loop. Since the heat exchange medium is condensed through the condenser tubes 252 in the return steam pipe 240, the space occupancy rate of the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 250 is also greatly reduced.

[0100] Whether the heat exchange unit is configured with the return steam line 240 and the condensing equipment independently (the heat exchange unit includes a liquid storage tank 210, a circulating pump 220, a liquid supply line 230, a return steam line 240, and a liquid-cooled heat exchanger 250) or the heat exchange unit with the condenser tube 252 arranged inside the return steam line 240 (the heat exchange unit includes a liquid storage tank 210, a circulating pump 220, a liquid supply line 230, a return steam line 240, and a condenser tube 252), all components in the heat exchange unit are modularized for easy replacement and maintenance.

[0101] Taking the scheme where the return steam line 240 is independently set up with the condensing equipment as an example, see [link / reference]. Figure 2 The liquid storage tank 210, the circulating pump 220 and the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 250 are arranged on one side of the multiple battery packs 100. The multiple battery packs 100 are arranged between the liquid supply line 230 and the return vapor line 240. The input end of the battery pack 100 is connected to the liquid supply line 230 through the first branch line 231. The first branch line 231 is equipped with the first solenoid valve 232. The gas phase output end of the battery pack 100 is connected to the return vapor line 240 through the second branch line 241. The second branch line 241 is equipped with the second solenoid valve 242. When the liquid phase height or return vapor pressure in the battery pack 100 changes, the first solenoid valve 232 and the second solenoid valve 242 are controlled to control the flow rate of the heat exchange medium corresponding to the battery pack 100. After startup, the circulating pump 220 delivers the liquid phase heat exchange medium to each battery pack 100. The heat release of the battery pack causes the heat exchange medium to vaporize. The vaporized heat exchange medium enters the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 250 through the return vapor pipeline 240. The heat exchange medium condenses and exchanges heat with the low-temperature refrigerant in the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 250 in a countercurrent manner. Furthermore, the low-temperature refrigerant is provided by an external cold source 251 to achieve effective utilization of battery heat dissipation. The opening of the first solenoid valve 232 is adjusted according to the hydraulic height to compensate for the phase change loss, and the opening of the second solenoid valve 242 is adjusted according to the return vapor pressure to maintain the pressure stability in the corresponding battery pack 100.

[0102] Existing energy storage temperature control systems have extremely unstable heat dissipation efficiency under high power density operating conditions. The condensation reflux rate of the vapor phase coolant is significantly affected by pressure fluctuations. The heat dissipation efficiency of traditional liquid cooling devices will fluctuate significantly with changes in operating conditions, which will seriously affect the stable and safe operation of the energy storage system. In some embodiments, the storage tank 210 includes a thermostatic storage chamber 211 and a nitrogen chamber 212. The thermostatic storage chamber 211 and the nitrogen chamber 212 are sealed and isolated by a diaphragm 213. When the pressure in the thermostatic storage chamber 211 or the nitrogen chamber 212 changes, the diaphragm 213 moves or elastically deforms to change the volume of the thermostatic storage chamber 211 and the volume of the nitrogen chamber 212, respectively. When the liquid heat exchange medium first comes into contact with the battery at startup, a large amount of vapor will be generated for a short period of time, causing significant pressure fluctuations in the main circulation loop. The nitrogen chamber 212 can buffer the pressure fluctuations generated at startup, achieve pressure stabilization, and thus reduce the parameter fluctuations of the energy storage temperature control system, ensuring the stable and safe operation of the energy storage system under high power density conditions.

[0103] Furthermore, the monitoring unit also includes multiple liquid detectors 310, each corresponding to one of the multiple battery packs 100. The liquid detectors 310 are used to monitor the liquid composition within their respective battery packs 100 in real time. When the liquid composition within a battery pack 100 changes, serious malfunctions such as liquid leakage within the battery group of that battery pack 100 may occur. The liquid detectors 310 continuously monitor the parameters of the heat exchange medium in their respective battery packs 100. When key indicators are abnormal, a purification and regeneration program is automatically triggered. At this time, the thermal management system, based on the monitoring results of the liquid detectors 310, controls the disconnection of the gas phase output terminal of that battery pack 100 from the main circulation return. The circuit connection, and the thermal management system controls the gas phase output end of the battery pack 100 to be connected only to the pollution isolation and purification module. This ensures that the output gas phase or gas-liquid mixture of the battery pack 100 is only output to the pollution isolation and purification module for processing, preventing secondary pollution, ensuring timely handling of faults such as battery leakage, and ensuring the overall stable and safe operation of the device. The pollution isolation and purification module performs multiple purification processes on the output gas phase or gas-liquid mixture of the battery pack 100, including condensation, degassing and impurity removal. After the purified liquid heat exchange medium passes the test, it is returned to the storage tank 210 to ensure the heat transfer performance and heat exchange stability of the device during long-term operation.

[0104] The pollution isolation and purification module includes a backup pipeline 420 and a purification and upgrading device 430. The gas phase output terminal of each battery pack 100 is connected to the backup pipeline 420. The backup pipeline 420 is also connected to the input terminal of the purification and upgrading device 430. (See [link to documentation]). Figure 2 , 4The backup pipeline 420 is connected to the second branch pipeline 241 via the third branch pipeline 421. The connection point between the third branch pipeline 421 and the second branch pipeline 241 is located between the gas phase output end of the corresponding battery pack 100 and the corresponding second solenoid valve 242. A fourth solenoid valve 422 is installed on the third branch pipeline 421. The structure is simple. When the purification and regeneration program is triggered, the thermal management system controls the second solenoid valve 242 of the corresponding battery pack 100 to close and the fourth solenoid valve 422 to open. Due to the rapid increase in gas pressure inside the battery pack 100 during thermal runaway, liquid phase material overflows from the gas phase output end of the battery pack 100 along with the gas phase, thus preventing the battery pack 100 from overflowing. The output gas phase or gas-liquid mixture of 0 flows to the purification and regeneration equipment 430 via the third branch pipeline 421 and the backup pipeline 420. The backup pipeline 420 is equipped with a first exhaust valve 426. In the event of thermal runaway, the gas pressure in the corresponding battery pack 100 and the backup pipeline 420 rises sharply, and the safety risk increases accordingly. The first exhaust valve 426 can release some of the gas in the backup pipeline 420 in time, reduce the gas pressure in the backup pipeline 420, and thus avoid greater safety risks caused by thermal runaway. Preferably, the backup pipeline 420 is equipped with a sixth solenoid valve 425, which is opened only when needed, i.e. when the purification and regeneration program is triggered.

[0105] After the liquid phase heat exchange medium purified by the purification and upgrading equipment 430 meets the online detection standard, it is returned to the storage tank 210. The gas phase heat exchange medium purified by the purification and upgrading equipment is returned to the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 250. The wastewater generated by the purification process is discharged from the purification and upgrading equipment 430 through the sewage pipe 431. A sewage valve 432 is installed at the sewage pipe 431.

[0106] Preferably, the liquid phase output terminal of each battery pack 100 is connected to the pollution isolation and purification module, and the liquid phase output terminal of the battery pack 100 is connected to the backup pipeline 420. (See [reference]) Figure 2 , 4 A fourth branch pipe 423 is provided to connect the backup pipe 420 to the liquid phase output end of the battery pack 100. A fifth solenoid valve 424 is provided on the fourth branch pipe 423. When the purification and regeneration program is triggered, the thermal management system controls the fifth solenoid valve 424 to connect the liquid phase output end of the corresponding battery pack 100 to the pollution isolation and purification module, thereby accelerating the discharge of pollutants in the battery pack 100 to the pollution isolation and purification module and improving the treatment efficiency.

[0107] In some embodiments, the return steam pipeline 240 is connected to the input end of the purification and upgrading equipment 430, and the return steam pipeline 240 and the input end of the purification and upgrading equipment 430 are connected through a fifth branch pipeline 440. A seventh solenoid valve 441 is installed on the fifth branch pipeline 440, and a second fire sprinkler is installed between the top of the return steam pipeline 240 and the liquid supply pipeline 230.

[0108] See still Figure 2 , 4 The second fire sprinkler system includes a second sprinkler pipe 451 and a second sprinkler head 452. The second sprinkler head 452 is installed at one end of the second sprinkler pipe 451, located at the top of the return steam pipeline 240. The other end of the second sprinkler pipe 451 is connected to the liquid supply pipeline 230. An eighth solenoid valve 480 is installed on the liquid supply pipeline 230. When the eighth solenoid valve 480 is open, the liquid supply pipeline 230 is connected to the second sprinkler pipe 451. In the event of thermal runaway, the gas pressure in the return steam pipeline 240 rises, or both the gas pressure and temperature rise. At this time, the eighth solenoid valve 480 is opened, and the liquid supply pipeline 230 sprays a liquid heat exchange medium into the return steam pipeline 240 through the second sprinkler pipe 451, thereby reducing the gas pressure or temperature in the return steam pipeline 240. The temperature drops rapidly, ensuring the overall stable operation of the device. In addition, since the gaseous heat exchange medium travels slowly downwards along the return steam pipeline 240, spraying the liquid heat exchange medium into the return steam pipeline 240 through the second spray pipe 451 can accelerate the rapid conversion of the gaseous heat exchange medium into the liquid phase in the return steam pipeline 240. The liquid heat exchange medium can then flow rapidly downwards in the return steam pipeline 240, ensuring efficient and stable heat exchange operation. At the same time, the seventh solenoid valve 441 on the fifth branch pipeline 440 is also opened to prevent the heat exchange medium in the return steam pipeline 240 from reaching the input limit of the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 250. That is, at this time, the heat exchange medium in the return steam pipeline 240 enters the purification and upgrading equipment 430 through the fifth branch pipeline 440.

[0109] In some embodiments, a second exhaust valve 460 and a second pressure sensor 470 are respectively provided on the return steam pipeline 240. When the second pressure sensor 470 detects that the pressure in the return steam pipeline 240 exceeds a preset threshold, the second exhaust valve 460 opens to release gas in time to reduce the gas pressure in the return steam pipeline 240.

[0110] See Figure 5 This disclosure also provides a high-power phase change immersion energy storage control method for integrated fire-fighting thermoelectric systems, which utilizes a high-power phase change immersion energy storage device for integrated fire-fighting thermoelectric systems, and includes the following steps:

[0111] Obtain operating condition requirements;

[0112] The energy management system generates current adjustment commands based on operating conditions.

[0113] The control unit obtains the cycle parameters based on the current adjustment command;

[0114] The battery management system controls the operation of multiple battery packs 100 according to the current adjustment command, and collects the status information of the multiple battery packs 100.

[0115] The control unit controls the operation of the heat exchange unit according to the circulation parameters; the heat exchange unit provides circulating heat exchange medium to multiple battery packs 100 respectively based on the circulation parameters;

[0116] The monitoring unit monitors each battery pack 100 to obtain real-time monitoring data;

[0117] The thermal management system updates the circulation parameters based on real-time monitoring data;

[0118] The energy management system updates the current adjustment command based on the updated cycle parameters and status information;

[0119] The battery management system locates the faulty pack based on the status information. When the real-time voltage of the battery pack 100 is abnormal, or when the real-time voltage of the battery pack 100 is abnormal and the real-time temperature of the battery pack 100 is abnormal, it determines that the battery pack 100 has thermal failure, that is, it locates the battery pack 100 that has thermal failure as the faulty pack.

[0120] The thermal management system controls the operation of the emergency response unit for fault packages;

[0121] The emergency response unit cools down the faulty package; the emergency response unit isolates and purifies the faulty package to remove contaminants.

[0122] See Figure 6 In some embodiments, when the emergency handling unit cools down the faulty pack, if the liquid composition inside the faulty pack is normal, only the fire sprinkler module is activated. When the fire sprinkler module cools down the faulty pack, if the real-time voltage and real-time temperature inside the battery pack 100 are both normal, the fault in the faulty pack is determined to be resolved. If the liquid composition inside the faulty pack is abnormal, both the fire sprinkler module and the pollution isolation and purification module need to be activated simultaneously. The advantage is that the emergency handling unit can be activated in a targeted manner according to the actual situation, improving control accuracy and ensuring emergency handling efficiency.

[0123] Furthermore, after the pollution isolation and purification module treats the pollutants, the composition can be monitored online. When the composition of the liquid heat exchange medium is qualified after treatment by the pollution isolation and purification module, the liquid heat exchange medium can be directly returned to the storage tank 210. If the temperature of the liquid heat exchange medium after treatment by the pollution isolation and purification module is high, it can be returned to the storage tank 210 after passing through the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 250.

[0124] Finally, it should be noted that the above content is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Simple modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention do not depart from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-power phase change immersion energy storage device integrating fire protection and thermoelectricity, characterized in that: It includes a thermal management system, an energy management system, a battery management system, and multiple battery packs. The thermal management system includes a control unit, a heat exchange unit, a monitoring unit, and an emergency response unit. The energy management system is used to generate current adjustment commands according to operating conditions and to update the current adjustment commands according to cycle parameters and status information. The battery management system is used to operate the plurality of battery packs according to the current adjustment command, to collect the status information of the plurality of battery packs, and to locate the faulty pack according to the status information; The control unit is used to obtain circulation parameters according to the current adjustment command, to control the heat exchange unit to provide circulating heat exchange medium to the multiple battery packs respectively according to the circulation parameters, to update the circulation parameters according to real-time monitoring data, and to control the operation of the emergency handling unit for the faulty pack; the emergency handling unit is used to cool down the faulty pack and to isolate and purify the faulty pack. The monitoring unit is used to collect the real-time monitoring data of the multiple battery packs. The loop parameters include a first loop parameter and a second loop parameter; The first circulation parameter includes a first valve opening and a second valve opening. The first valve opening is the opening of a first solenoid valve, and the second valve opening is the opening of a second solenoid valve. The first solenoid valve is used to control the flow rate of the liquid phase heat exchange medium entering the battery pack, and the second solenoid valve is used to control the flow rate of the gas phase heat exchange medium exiting the battery pack. The thermal management system updates the first circulation parameter according to the real-time monitoring data. The second circulation parameter is the third valve opening, which is the valve opening of the circulation pump; the valve of the circulation pump is used to control the total flow rate of the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange unit, and the thermal management system is used to obtain the second circulation parameter according to the current adjustment command; The real-time monitoring data includes liquid phase height and return vapor pressure; the liquid phase height represents the liquid phase height of the liquid phase heat exchange medium in the battery pack, and the return vapor pressure represents the pressure of the gas phase heat exchange medium at the gas phase output end of the battery pack. The thermal management system updates the opening of the first valve based on the liquid phase height, and the opening of the first valve is negatively correlated with the liquid phase height. The thermal management system updates the opening of the second valve based on the return steam pressure, and the opening of the second valve is positively correlated with the return steam pressure.

2. The high-power phase change immersion energy storage device integrating fire protection and thermoelectricity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emergency response unit includes a fire sprinkler module and a pollution isolation and purification module; The fire sprinkler module is used to cool down the faulty battery pack; the input end of the fire sprinkler module is connected to the output end of the heat exchange unit, and each battery pack is equipped with an output end of the fire sprinkler module. The pollution isolation and purification module is used to perform pollution isolation and purification treatment on the faulty pack; the input terminal of the pollution isolation and purification module is connected to the output terminal of each of the battery packs.

3. The high-power phase change immersion energy storage device integrating fire protection and thermoelectricity according to claim 2, characterized in that: The output end of the fire sprinkler module is equipped with a positioning structure; The thermal management system is also used to obtain the coordinates of the thermal runaway battery cell based on the battery parameters of the fault pack. Based on the coordinates of the thermal runaway battery cell and according to the positioning structure, the thermal management system controls the output end of the fire sprinkler module in the fault pack to perform directional cooling treatment on the thermal runaway battery cell.

4. The high-power phase change immersion energy storage device integrating fire protection and thermoelectricity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange unit includes a liquid storage tank, a circulating pump, a liquid supply pipeline, a steam return pipeline, and a liquid-cooled heat exchanger; The output end of the liquid storage tank is connected to the liquid supply pipeline. The circulation pump is installed on the liquid supply pipeline. The input end of each battery pack is connected to the liquid supply pipeline. The gas phase output end of each battery pack is connected to the return vapor pipeline. The return vapor pipeline is connected to the input end of the liquid-cooled heat exchanger. The output end of the liquid-cooled heat exchanger is connected to the input end of the liquid storage tank.

5. The high-power phase change immersion energy storage device integrating fire protection and thermoelectricity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange unit includes a liquid storage tank, a circulating pump, a liquid supply pipeline, a steam return pipeline, and a condenser. The output end of the liquid storage tank is connected to the liquid supply pipeline, the circulation pump is installed on the liquid supply pipeline, the input end of each battery pack is connected to the liquid supply pipeline, the gas phase output end of each battery pack is connected to the vapor return pipeline, the vapor return pipeline is connected to the input end of the liquid storage tank, and the condenser is arranged in the vapor return pipeline.

6. The high-power phase change immersion energy storage device integrating fire protection and thermoelectricity according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The liquid storage tank includes a constant temperature liquid storage chamber and a nitrogen chamber. The constant temperature liquid storage chamber and the nitrogen chamber are sealed and isolated by a diaphragm. When the pressure in the constant temperature liquid storage chamber or the nitrogen chamber changes, the diaphragm moves or elastically deforms to change the volume of the constant temperature liquid storage chamber and the volume of the nitrogen chamber, respectively.

7. A high-power phase change immersion energy storage control method for integrated fire-fighting thermoelectric power, implemented using the high-power phase change immersion energy storage device for integrated fire-fighting thermoelectric power as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Obtain operating condition requirements; The energy management system generates current adjustment commands based on the operating conditions. The control unit obtains the cycle parameters according to the current adjustment command; The battery management system controls the operation of the multiple battery packs according to the current adjustment command, and the battery management system collects the status information of the multiple battery packs; The control unit controls the operation of the heat exchange unit according to the circulation parameters; the heat exchange unit provides circulating heat exchange medium to the multiple battery packs respectively based on the circulation parameters; The monitoring unit monitors each of the battery packs to obtain real-time monitoring data; The thermal management system updates the circulation parameters based on the real-time monitoring data; The energy management system updates the current adjustment command based on the updated cycle parameters and the status information; The battery management system locates the fault package based on the status information; The thermal management system controls the operation of the emergency response unit in response to the fault package. The emergency response unit cools down the faulty package; the emergency response unit isolates and purifies the faulty package to remove contaminants.

8. The high-power phase change immersion energy storage control method for integrated fire protection and thermoelectric systems according to claim 7, characterized in that: The real-time monitoring data includes liquid phase height and return vapor pressure; The cycle parameters include a first cycle parameter, which includes a first valve opening and a second valve opening. The thermal management system updates the circulation parameters based on the real-time monitoring data by: updating the opening degree of the first valve based on the liquid phase height, and updating the opening degree of the second valve based on the return steam pressure.

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