High-frequency microwave frequency source and communication equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a high-frequency microwave frequency source and communication equipment, and relates to the technical field of frequency sources. The frequency source comprises a laser, a diamond color center, a gain medium ring, a resonant cavity, a superconducting magnet coil, an antenna and a DDS. The diamond color center is arranged in the gain medium ring, and the axial direction is perpendicular to the direction of an oscillating magnetic field of the gain medium ring; the gain medium ring is arranged in the resonant cavity, and the axial direction of the diamond color center is perpendicular to the magnetic field direction of the resonant cavity; the resonant cavity is arranged in the superconducting magnet coil, and the axial direction of the diamond color center is parallel to the magnetic field direction; laser emitted by the laser device is incident along the axial direction of the diamond color center; the input end of the DDS penetrates through the side wall of the resonant cavity and is connected with an antenna arranged in the resonant cavity, and the output end of the DDS is used for outputting terahertz signals. Terahertz signals are generated by means of the stimulated radiation phenomenon caused by Zeeman splitting in the diamond color center, the power is large, the signal-to-noise ratio is high, and the stability is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of frequency source technology, and in particular to a high-frequency microwave frequency source and communication equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Terahertz frequency sources are the core equipment for generating terahertz (THz) electromagnetic waves and are widely used in fields such as material identification, communication and sensing.

[0003] In existing technologies, a common approach is to use high-frequency microwave frequency sources based on frequency doubling of low-frequency signal sources. This method typically involves multiple frequency doubling stages, with typical doubling factors reaching up to 20 times. According to the principle of frequency doubling, the phase noise of the signal deteriorates systematically with each doubling, and the phase noise deteriorates dramatically when the frequency is multiplied to the terahertz band. Furthermore, the output power is very low due to the nonlinear conversion efficiency and losses of the frequency doubling devices. Therefore, existing high-frequency microwave frequency sources cannot be used for long-distance detection or high signal-to-noise ratio scenarios, significantly limiting their applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a high-frequency microwave frequency source and communication device to solve the problems of low signal-to-noise ratio, low output power, and limited application of existing high-frequency microwave frequency source schemes that use frequency doubling.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a high-frequency microwave frequency source, comprising: a laser, a diamond color center, a gain dielectric ring, a resonant cavity, a superconducting magnet coil, an antenna, and a direct digital frequency synthesizer;

[0006] The diamond color center is set inside the gain dielectric ring, and the axis of the diamond color center is perpendicular to the direction of the oscillating magnetic field of the gain dielectric ring.

[0007] The gain dielectric ring is placed inside the resonant cavity, and the axis of the diamond color center is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field of the resonant cavity.

[0008] The resonant cavity is set inside the superconducting magnet coil, and the axis of the diamond color center is parallel to the direction of the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet coil;

[0009] The laser is positioned outside the first end of the superconducting magnet coil and is used to emit laser light towards the diamond color center. The laser light emitted by the laser is incident along the axial direction of the diamond color center.

[0010] The direct digital frequency synthesizer is located outside the second end of the superconducting magnet coil; the first end of the direct digital frequency synthesizer passes through the side wall of the resonant cavity and is connected to the antenna located inside the resonant cavity; the second end of the direct digital frequency synthesizer is used to output terahertz signals.

[0011] Optionally, the resonant cavity can be a cylindrical structure;

[0012] The axis of the diamond color center is parallel to the two end faces of the resonant cavity.

[0013] Optionally, the axis of the diamond color center coincides with the axis of the superconducting magnet coil.

[0014] Optionally, the resonant cavity can be a copper resonant cavity.

[0015] Optionally, the laser's emission power is 100W to 5kW, and the laser wavelength emitted by the laser is 500nm to 560nm.

[0016] Optionally, the antenna can be a loop magnetic field antenna or a microwave waveguide antenna.

[0017] Optionally, the gain dielectric ring can be formed of sapphire or microwave ceramic.

[0018] Optionally, the concentration range of the diamond color centers is 0.1 ppm to 200 ppm.

[0019] Optionally, the magnetic field strength of the superconducting magnet coil is 10.8T.

[0020] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a communication device including a high-frequency microwave frequency source provided in any aspect of the above embodiments.

[0021] This invention provides a high-frequency microwave frequency source and communication device. The high-frequency microwave frequency source includes: a laser, a diamond color center, a gain dielectric ring, a resonant cavity, a superconducting magnet coil, an antenna, and a direct digital frequency synthesizer. The diamond color center is disposed within the gain dielectric ring, with its axis perpendicular to the direction of the oscillating magnetic field of the gain dielectric ring. The gain dielectric ring is disposed within the resonant cavity, with the axis of the diamond color center perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field of the resonant cavity. The resonant cavity is disposed within the superconducting magnet coil, with the axis of the diamond color center parallel to the direction of the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet coil. The laser is disposed outside the first end of the superconducting magnet coil and is used to emit laser light towards the diamond color center, with the emitted laser light incident along the axis of the diamond color center. The direct digital frequency synthesizer is disposed outside the second end of the superconducting magnet coil. The first end of the direct digital frequency synthesizer passes through the sidewall of the resonant cavity and is connected to the antenna disposed inside the resonant cavity, while the second end of the direct digital frequency synthesizer is used to output a terahertz signal. In this embodiment of the invention, an external bias strong magnetic field causes the ground state electron spin energy level to undergo Zeeman splitting to the terahertz frequency band. Population inversion is achieved through laser pumping excitation, and stimulated emission generates terahertz electromagnetic waves. These waves are then amplified by oscillation in a resonant cavity to achieve avalanche-like microwave particle amplification. Finally, a terahertz signal with a stable internal oscillation frequency is output. This terahertz signal has high power, high signal-to-noise ratio, high stability, and can be precisely adjusted. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-frequency microwave frequency source provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand this solution, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this solution will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this solution, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this solution, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this solution.

[0024] The term "comprising" and any other variations thereof in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention mean "including but not limited to," and are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, not limited to the examples listed herein. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second," etc., are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order.

[0025] The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-frequency microwave frequency source provided in an embodiment of the present invention. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The high-frequency microwave source includes: a laser 1, a diamond color center 2, a gain dielectric ring 3, a resonant cavity 4, a superconducting magnet coil 5, an antenna 6, and a direct digital frequency synthesizer 7.

[0027] The diamond color center 2 is set inside the gain dielectric ring 3, and the axis of the diamond color center 2 is perpendicular to the direction of the oscillating magnetic field of the gain dielectric ring 3.

[0028] The gain dielectric ring 3 is set inside the resonant cavity 4, and the axis of the diamond color center 2 is perpendicular to the magnetic field direction of the resonant cavity 4.

[0029] The resonant cavity 4 is set inside the superconducting magnet coil 5, and the axis of the diamond color center 2 is parallel to the direction of the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet coil 5.

[0030] Laser 1 is located on the outside of one end of superconducting magnet coil 5 and is used to emit laser light towards diamond color center 2. The laser light emitted by laser 1 is incident along the axial direction of diamond color center 2.

[0031] The direct digital frequency synthesizer 7 is located outside the second end of the superconducting magnet coil 5; the first end of the direct digital frequency synthesizer 7 passes through the side wall of the resonant cavity 4 and is connected to the antenna 6 located inside the resonant cavity 4; the second end of the direct digital frequency synthesizer 7 is used to output terahertz signals.

[0032] Diamond color centers are solid-state single-spin quantum systems with various excellent properties. The electron spins of diamond color centers (especially the unpaired electrons of NV color centers) have intrinsic magnetic moments. When placed in an external magnetic field, the interaction between the magnetic moment and the magnetic field causes the spin energy levels to split (Zeeman splitting), and the energy level difference is proportional to the strength of the external magnetic field. Diamond color centers combine optical stability, long spin coherence time, and room-temperature quantum manipulation. In the embodiments of this invention, the optical-to-RF conversion efficiency of diamond color center 2 is as high as 20% or more, enabling efficient energy conversion; the long coherence time of diamond color center 2 ensures the phase stability of the output signal; at the same time, the room-temperature quantum manipulation of diamond color center 2 allows it to maintain its quantum properties at room temperature, eliminating the need for a low-temperature environment and reducing the complexity of the frequency source.

[0033] The superconducting magnet coil 5 generates a stable strong static magnetic field (parallel to the axis of the color center), and the electron spin energy levels of the split diamond color center 2 form a Zeeman effect; the superconducting magnet can reduce energy loss, improve the overall efficiency of the system, and reduce phase noise.

[0034] The oscillating magnetic field generated by the gain dielectric ring 3 is perpendicular to the color center axis, inducing electron spin transitions.

[0035] Laser 1 forms a laser pump, achieving population inversion and stimulated emission.

[0036] The direct digital frequency synthesizer 7 (DDS) injects a radio frequency signal of a specific frequency through the antenna 6. When this signal matches the energy level difference of the color center, stimulated emission is induced, generating electromagnetic waves in the terahertz band. DDS technology enables precise frequency control and phase locking, and can output continuously adjustable terahertz frequencies with high frequency resolution, meeting the requirements of precision spectroscopy.

[0037] The resonant cavity 4 provides a radio frequency field, which causes terahertz waves of a specific frequency to oscillate back and forth within the cavity, thereby amplifying the signal.

[0038] The amplified terahertz signal inside the resonant cavity 4 is output through the antenna 6 and DDS(7).

[0039] The principle of the diamond color center terahertz source provided in this embodiment of the invention is to utilize the stimulated emission phenomenon caused by Zeeman splitting inside the diamond color center. First, an external bias strong magnetic field is applied to cause the ground state electron spin energy level to undergo Zeeman splitting and energy level reversal; when the energy level splits to the terahertz frequency band, the population inversion is achieved by laser pumping excitation, and then avalanche-style terahertz photon amplification is achieved by resonant cavity oscillation amplification. Finally, the DDS(7) is used to adjust the frequency and output a stable terahertz signal with high output power, high signal-to-noise ratio, high stability, and can be precisely adjusted.

[0040] In one possible implementation, refer to Figure 1The resonant cavity 4 can be a cylindrical structure;

[0041] The axial direction of the diamond color center 2 is parallel to the two end faces of the resonant cavity 4.

[0042] The magnetic field of the cylindrical resonant cavity 4 is mainly distributed around the axis of the resonant cavity 4 along the circumference, forming a ring-shaped oscillating magnetic field, and the direction of the magnetic field is in the radial plane of the resonant cavity 4 (perpendicular to the axis of the resonant cavity 4). The axial direction of the diamond color center 2 is parallel to the two end faces of the resonant cavity 4, that is, the axial direction of the diamond color center 2 is perpendicular to the direction of the ring magnetic field of the resonant cavity 4.

[0043] The energy level difference of diamond color center 2 is the core reference of the terahertz frequency source, and its stability directly determines the accuracy of the output signal. Since the axis of diamond color center 2 is perpendicular to the oscillating magnetic field of resonant cavity 4, the interference of the magnetic field of resonant cavity 4 on the Zeeman energy level of the color center can be avoided to the greatest extent, ensuring the stability of its energy level difference and ensuring the long-term stability of the reference frequency.

[0044] The cylindrical symmetrical structure ensures a uniform internal electromagnetic field distribution, guaranteeing stable oscillating magnetic field strength in the region where the color center is located. This matches the magnetic field direction of the gain dielectric ring 3 within the ring, enhancing the energy coupling efficiency and increasing the output power of the terahertz signal. The uniform electromagnetic field distribution also reduces performance fluctuations caused by spatial deviations, improving system consistency and repeatability.

[0045] The cylindrical resonant cavity 4 has low loss and clear mode selection characteristics in the terahertz band, which can effectively filter electromagnetic signals of the target frequency and suppress spurious mode interference. Combined with the precise energy level reference of the color center, it can finally achieve high-purity, narrow-linewidth terahertz signal output.

[0046] The geometric symmetry of the resonant cavity 4 facilitates the positioning and installation of components such as the diamond color center 2, the gain dielectric ring 3, and the antenna 6 (for example, the design of the color center axis being parallel to the end face can achieve precise alignment through mechanical structure fixation), reducing the complexity of system assembly.

[0047] In one possible implementation, refer to Figure 1 The axis of the diamond color center 2 can coincide with the axis of the superconducting magnet coil 5.

[0048] Superconducting magnet coil 5 typically generates a uniform and constant magnetic field along its axis, with the magnetic field strength most uniformly distributed and having the smallest gradient near the axis. However, the Zeeman splitting of the diamond color center 2 is highly sensitive to the direction of the magnetic field; only the axial component of the magnetic field can induce significant energy level splitting. Therefore, in this embodiment, the axis of the diamond color center 2 can coincide with the axis of the superconducting magnet coil 5. The external magnetic field provided by the superconducting magnet coil 5 to the color center is entirely along its spin axis, without transverse magnetic field interference. This avoids spin state decoherence caused by transverse magnetic fields, maximizes the energy level difference of the Zeeman splitting, prolongs the coherence time of the color center's spin state, and ensures the stability of the frequency reference.

[0049] A uniform axial magnetic field ensures stable magnetic field strength in the region where the color center is located, avoiding energy level difference fluctuations caused by magnetic field gradients, and further improving the stability of the frequency source.

[0050] Furthermore, when the axis of the color center coincides with the axis of the superconducting magnet coil 5, the direction of its radiated electromagnetic field matches the mode magnetic field of the resonant cavity 4 more closely, reducing energy loss caused by mode mismatch, improving the energy amplification efficiency of the gain dielectric ring 3, and further increasing the output power of the frequency source.

[0051] In one possible implementation, the resonant cavity 4 can be a copper resonant cavity 4.

[0052] Copper, as a good conductor, has extremely low surface resistivity and a near 100% reflectivity for electromagnetic waves in the terahertz frequency band. This allows it to efficiently confine electromagnetic energy within the cavity, reducing energy loss at the cavity walls, increasing the coherence time of the diamond color center's 2 quantum state, enhancing the interaction strength between the quantum state and photons, and improving the stability, output power, and accuracy of the frequency source. Simultaneously, the copper cavity can effectively isolate external electromagnetic noise, preventing stray signals from disturbing the color center's spin state.

[0053] In one possible implementation, the diamond color center 2 can be an NV color center.

[0054] In this embodiment of the invention, the performance of the frequency source is further improved by utilizing the long coherence time, strong anti-interference ability, high environmental sensitivity, optical addressability, and mature fabrication technology of the NV color center.

[0055] In one possible implementation, the emission power of laser 1 can be 100W to 5kW, and the laser wavelength emitted by laser 1 can be 500nm to 560nm.

[0056] The initialization of the electronic spin state of the diamond NV center depends on the pumping of green to yellow-green laser light, and its absorption peak is about 550nm. Therefore, in this embodiment of the invention, the laser wavelength of laser 1 is set to 500nm to 560nm, which highly coincides with the absorption spectrum of the NV center, so as to achieve efficient energy conversion, effectively reduce stray interference, and improve the output power and stability of the frequency source.

[0057] The embodiments of the present invention use high-power lasers of 100W to 5kW, which can enhance light-matter interaction, compensate for system losses, ensure that the actual power reaching the color center still meets the saturation excitation requirements, and maintain system stability.

[0058] In one possible implementation, antenna 6 can be a loop magnetic field antenna or a microwave waveguide antenna.

[0059] Both loop magnetic field antennas and microwave waveguide antennas can be used as microwave control elements, and can be set according to actual application requirements. No specific limitations are made here.

[0060] In one possible implementation, the material forming the gain dielectric ring 3 can be sapphire or microwave ceramic.

[0061] In this embodiment of the invention, a material with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss (sapphire or microwave ceramic) is selected to form the gain dielectric ring 3, which can enhance energy confinement, improve efficiency, suppress loss, reduce size, and enhance stability, effectively improving the characteristics of the frequency source.

[0062] Meanwhile, sapphire also possesses extremely high mechanical strength and chemical stability, enabling it to operate in harsh environments. Microwave ceramics, through compositional control, allow for flexible adjustment of their dielectric constant to suit different frequency scenarios, and are easily manufactured into complex ring structures to meet customized needs.

[0063] In one possible implementation, the concentration range of the diamond color center 2 can be from 0.1 ppm to 200 ppm.

[0064] In one possible implementation, the magnetic field strength of the superconducting magnet coil 5 can be 10.8T.

[0065] Corresponding to the above embodiments, this invention provides a high-frequency microwave source. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0066] 1. A high-concentration diamond NV color center material layer is grown on the surface of high-purity diamond, and then subjected to irradiation annealing to obtain diamond NV color centers with a concentration of 10 ppm and a size of 1×1×1 mm. 3 .

[0067] 2. A gain dielectric ring 3 is set outside the diamond NV color center. The material is sapphire with a dielectric constant of 10 and a dielectric loss of 1e. -5 .

[0068] 3. Place the gain dielectric ring 3 inside the cylindrical copper resonant cavity 4, with its end face parallel to the axis of the diamond NV color center.

[0069] 4. The loop antenna 6 is set in the optimal microwave conduction position inside the copper resonant cavity 4, and a hole is opened in the inner wall of the resonant cavity 4. The loop antenna 6 passes through the hole and is connected to the external DDS (7).

[0070] 5. The copper resonant cavity 4 is located inside the superconducting magnet coil 5, with a magnetic field strength of 10.8T and an energy level split to 300GHz.

[0071] 6. Laser 1 generates a pulsed 532nm laser with a power of 1kW and a duration of 100ns, which is incident on the diamond NV color center.

[0072] 7. The loop antenna 6 couples the terahertz signal to the DDS (7) for terahertz frequency adjustment and outputs a 300GHz terahertz signal.

[0073] This invention also provides another high-frequency microwave source. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0074] 1. A high-concentration diamond NV color center material layer was grown on the surface of high-purity diamond, and then subjected to irradiation annealing to obtain diamond NV color centers with a concentration of 20 ppm and a size of 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 mm. 3 .

[0075] 2. A gain dielectric ring 3 is set outside the diamond NV color center. The material is sapphire with a dielectric constant of 10 and a dielectric loss of 1e. -5 .

[0076] 3. Place the gain dielectric ring 3 inside the cylindrical copper resonant cavity 4, with its end face parallel to the axis of the diamond NV color center.

[0077] 4. The microwave waveguide coupled antenna 6 is set in the optimal microwave conduction position inside the copper resonant cavity 4, and a hole is opened in the inner wall of the resonant cavity 4. The microwave waveguide coupled antenna 6 passes through the hole and is connected to the external DDS (7).

[0078] 5. The copper resonant cavity 4 is located inside the superconducting magnet coil 5, with a magnetic field strength of 35.8T and an energy level split to 1THz.

[0079] 6. Laser 1 generates a pulsed 532nm laser with a power of 10kW and a duration of 10ns, which is incident on the diamond NV color center.

[0080] 7. The microwave waveguide coupled antenna 6 couples the terahertz signal to the DDS (7) for terahertz frequency adjustment and outputs a 1THz terahertz signal.

[0081] Corresponding to the above embodiments, this invention also provides a communication device, including any of the high-frequency microwave frequency sources provided in the above embodiments, and having the advantages of the high-frequency microwave frequency sources, which will not be elaborated here.

[0082] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-frequency microwave frequency source, characterized in that, include: Lasers, diamond color centers, gain dielectric rings, resonant cavities, superconducting magnet coils, antennas, and direct digital frequency synthesizers; The diamond color center is disposed within the gain dielectric ring, and the axial direction of the diamond color center is perpendicular to the direction of the oscillating magnetic field of the gain dielectric ring. The gain dielectric ring is disposed inside the resonant cavity, and the axial direction of the diamond color center is perpendicular to the magnetic field direction of the resonant cavity. The resonant cavity is disposed inside the superconducting magnet coil, and the axial direction of the diamond color center is parallel to the magnetic field direction of the superconducting magnet coil. The laser is disposed outside the first end of the superconducting magnet coil and is used to emit laser light toward the diamond color center, and the laser light emitted by the laser is incident along the axial direction of the diamond color center. The direct digital frequency synthesizer is disposed outside the second end of the superconducting magnet coil; the first end of the direct digital frequency synthesizer passes through the side wall of the resonant cavity and is connected to the antenna disposed inside the resonant cavity; the second end of the direct digital frequency synthesizer is used to output a terahertz signal.

2. The high-frequency microwave frequency source as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The resonant cavity has a cylindrical structure; The axial direction of the diamond color center is parallel to the two end faces of the resonant cavity.

3. The high-frequency microwave frequency source as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The axial direction of the diamond color center coincides with the axis of the superconducting magnet coil.

4. The high-frequency microwave frequency source as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The resonant cavity is a copper resonant cavity.

5. The high-frequency microwave source according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The laser has an emission power of 100W to 5kW and an emission wavelength of 500nm to 560nm.

6. The high-frequency microwave frequency source according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The antenna is a loop magnetic field antenna or a microwave waveguide antenna.

7. The high-frequency microwave source according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The gain dielectric ring is formed of sapphire or microwave ceramic.

8. The high-frequency microwave frequency source according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The concentration range of the diamond color centers is 0.1ppm to 200ppm.

9. The high-frequency microwave source according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The magnetic field strength of the superconducting magnet coil is 10.8T.

10. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes the high-frequency microwave frequency source as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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