Liquid-state end cap based on electrically-induced controllable material and preparation method of liquid-state end cap

Abstract

The invention discloses a liquid-state end cap based on an electrogenerated controllable material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of optical fiber passive device manufacturing, the liquid-state end cap comprises an inner layer body, an outer layer body and an electrode assembly, and the inner layer body is filled with conductive liquid and non-conductive liquid which are immiscible with each other; an end cap is filled with an electrically controllable conductive liquid material and a non-conductive liquid material, a light transmission interface is formed at the junction of the conductive liquid material and the non-conductive liquid material due to the fact that the conductive liquid material and the non-conductive liquid material are insoluble, and meanwhile, under the action of an external electric field, different voltages are applied to conductive liquid through an electrode assembly, so that the conductive liquid deforms; therefore, a light transmission interface between the conductive liquid and the non-conductive liquid is deformed to form light transmission interfaces with different curvatures, so that light paths are diverged or converged when being transmitted in the end cap, and the purpose of light beam control is achieved. Transmission of an optical path is controlled through the effect of an external electric field, operation is convenient, the control precision is high, the response speed is high, and the functionality of the end cap is effectively enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of optical fiber passive device manufacturing technology, specifically relating to a liquid end cap based on electro-controllable materials and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, fiber laser technology has made significant progress, and high-power fiber lasers have been widely used in industrial processing, medical, communications, and defense fields. As a key component of fiber laser systems, the end cap is fused to the fiber, increasing the size of the output light end face and reducing the optical power density at the output end, thereby protecting the fiber end face from damage. Simultaneously, a coating is applied to the end face to ensure that laser feedback does not damage the end cap or the fiber.

[0003] Traditional end caps are typically made of pure fused silica rods without fiber cores, coatings, or doping. Furthermore, most existing end caps have flat output surfaces and only have light transmission capabilities. External mechanical structures and subsequent mirror groups are required to connect the end cap to the system and change the light propagation path through these mirror groups.

[0004] With the development of fiber laser technology, more functional requirements have been put forward for fiber end caps, especially in beam control. Multiple sets of lenses are often required to achieve directional control of the beam. In particular, for coherent combining technology, it is also necessary to ensure the consistency of the array beam output. Once the lens group is determined, it cannot be significantly adjusted or changed. Especially in terms of light convergence and divergence, it is impossible to use a single lens to achieve both functions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of one or more of the above-mentioned defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a liquid end cap based on electro-controllable material and its preparation method, which can control the light-transmitting interface by applying voltage to the end cap, and thus control the light beam.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, one aspect of the present invention provides a liquid end cap based on an electro-controllable material, comprising an inner body, an outer body, and an electrode assembly; The inner body includes a fusion splice end and an output end connected together; the fusion splice end is used to fusion splice with an optical fiber, and the output end is a sleeve structure with one end open, and the output end is filled with immiscible conductive liquid and non-conductive liquid in sequence along the axial direction, and a light-transmitting interface is formed at the junction of the conductive liquid and the non-conductive liquid. One end of the electrode assembly is in contact with the conductive liquid, and the other end extends beyond the end cap, so that a voltage is applied to the conductive liquid through the electrode assembly, causing the conductive liquid to deform and change the curvature of the light-transmitting interface, thereby controlling the convergence or divergence of the light path. The outer body is used to seal the opening of the inner body.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode, the negative electrode and the positive electrode being arranged circumferentially spaced along the output end; one end of the positive electrode is attached to the inner wall of the output end, the other end is attached to the outer wall of the output end, and extends to the outside of the end cap; one end of the negative electrode is attached to the inner wall of the output end, the other end is attached to the outer wall of the output end, and extends to the outside of the end cap.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, an insulating element is provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the outer body is a sleeve structure with one end open, the output end is embedded in the outer body, and the opening of the output end is located at the end opposite to the opening of the outer body.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, a receiving groove is provided on the inner wall of the outer body corresponding to the electrode assembly, and the depth of the receiving groove is less than the thickness of the electrode assembly, and one end of the electrode assembly is partially embedded in the receiving groove in the thickness direction.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the contact portion between the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode and the inner wall of the output terminal is sheet-shaped, the contact portion with the outer wall of the output terminal is tapered, and the portion leading out of the end cap is linear.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the volume ratio of the conductive liquid to the non-conductive liquid is 1:1.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the sidewall thickness of the output end is 0.2~0.5mm, and the bottom thickness of the output end near the welding end is greater than 0.5mm; The outer body has a sidewall thickness of 0.2~0.5mm, and the bottom thickness of the outer body at the end opposite to its opening is greater than 0.5mm.

[0014] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a liquid end cap based on an electro-controllable material, comprising the following steps: (1) Prepare the inner and outer body according to the designed shape and size; (2) Attach a portion of the electrode assembly to the inner wall of the inner body, and fold the remaining portion of the electrode assembly in the opposite direction and attach it to the outer wall of the inner body. (3) Stand the inner body with the electrode assembly attached upright with the opening facing upward, and fill the inner body with conductive liquid and non-conductive liquid in sequence; (4) Place the outer body on the outside of the inner body and bond the outer body and the inner body together.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step (4), carbon dioxide laser post-processing is used to fuse the inner layer body and the outer layer body together so that the two are bonded together.

[0016] The aforementioned improved technical features can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0017] In summary, the beneficial effects of the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention compared with the prior art include: (1) The liquid end cap based on electro-controllable material of the present invention fills the end cap with electro-controllable conductive liquid material and non-conductive liquid material. Taking advantage of their immiscibility, a light-transmitting interface is formed at the junction of the two. At the same time, under the action of an external electric field, different voltages are applied to the conductive liquid through the electrode assembly, causing the conductive liquid to deform. This causes the light-transmitting interface between the conductive liquid and the non-conductive liquid to deform, forming light-transmitting interfaces with different curvatures. This causes the light path to diverge or converge when it is transmitted in the end cap, thereby achieving the purpose of beam control.

[0018] (2) The liquid end cap based on electro-controllable material of the present invention controls the transmission of the optical path under the action of an external electric field. It is easy to operate, has high control accuracy and fast response speed, and effectively enhances the functionality of the end cap. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the liquid end cap based on the electro-controllable material in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the inner body structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the outer body structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the liquid end cap based on electro-controllable material in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same technical features, specifically: 1, inner body; 101, fusion end; 102, output end; 2, outer body; 3, electrode assembly; 301, positive electrode; 302, negative electrode; 4, conductive liquid; 5, non-conductive liquid. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0024] Furthermore, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited.

[0025] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0027] Example: Please see Figures 1-4 In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid cap based on electro-controllable materials includes an inner body 1, an outer body 2, and an electrode assembly 3. The inner body 1 is filled with immiscible conductive liquid 4 and non-conductive liquid 5, forming a light-transmitting path. A light-transmitting interface is formed at the junction of the conductive liquid 4 and the non-conductive liquid 5. By applying voltage through the electrode assembly 3, the conductive liquid 4 deforms, causing the interface between the conductive liquid 4 and the non-conductive liquid 5 to form a light-transmitting interface with a specific curvature, thereby achieving control over the convergence and divergence of the output laser.

[0028] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown in the preferred embodiment, the inner body 1 is made of high-purity fused silica material and includes a fusion splice end 101 and an output end 102 connected together. Preferably, the fusion splice end 101 and the output end 102 are integrally formed. The fusion splice end 101 is used to fusion splice with the optical fiber output end, and its shape can be set as a cylinder, frustum, etc., according to the shape requirements of optical fiber fusion splicing. The size of the end of the fusion splice end 101 away from the output end 102 is approximately the size of the fusion part of the optical fiber output end, and the maximum diameter is less than or equal to 1 mm.

[0029] Correspondingly, the output end 102 is a hollow sleeve structure with one open end. Its interior is filled with conductive liquid 4 and non-conductive liquid 5 in sequence along the axial direction, and a light-transmitting interface is formed at the junction of conductive liquid 4 and non-conductive liquid 5.

[0030] Preferably, the output end 102 is made by hollowing out the center part of one end of the quartz column using optical processing, and its side wall thickness is preferably 0.2~0.5mm; the bottom thickness of the end of the output end 102 near the fusion end 101 is preferably greater than 0.5mm; the inner diameter of the output end 102, that is, the diameter of the light path formed by the liquid filling, is selected and set according to the laser output requirements.

[0031] Preferably, the conductive liquid 4 is an electrolyte solution, such as ethylene glycol, whose refractive index is similar to that of the inner layer body 1 material, so as to avoid the beam divergence angle being too large after the beam is transmitted to the filling material through the inner layer body 1, resulting in uncontrollable beam divergence; the non-conductive liquid 5 is an oily material, such as silicone oil, whose refractive index is similar to that of the inner layer body 1 material, and is immiscible with the conductive liquid 4.

[0032] Understandably, when a larger amount of conductive liquid 4 is filled, the deformation of conductive liquid 4 is greater under the same voltage, resulting in a larger change in the curvature of the light-transmitting interface. Conversely, when a larger amount of non-conductive liquid 5 is filled, it will suppress the deformation rate of conductive liquid 4. Therefore, in actual settings, the ratio of conductive liquid 4 to non-conductive liquid 5 should be selected according to needs to control the change in curvature of the light-transmitting interface within a suitable range when pressurized. Simultaneously, when pressurizing conductive liquid 4, a stepped or linearly gradually increasing voltage can be used, such as applying the voltage in multiple steps from zero to the target voltage value. This keeps the deformation rate of conductive liquid 4 within a certain range, avoiding drastic deformation of conductive liquid 4 due to a step voltage, which could lead to excessive deformation of the light-transmitting interface.

[0033] Preferably, the volume ratio of conductive liquid 4 to non-conductive liquid 5 in the inner body 1 is 1:1.

[0034] Furthermore, in the preferred embodiment, one end of the electrode assembly 3 is in contact with the conductive liquid 4, and the other end extends beyond the end cap, so that voltage is applied to the conductive liquid 4 through the electrode assembly 3, causing the conductive liquid 4 to deform and change the curvature of the light-transmitting interface. Combined with the refractive index changes of the conductive liquid 4 and the non-conductive liquid 5, the functions of a negative lens and a positive lens are realized, so as to change the focal length within a certain range, thereby controlling the convergence or divergence of the light path.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, in the preferred embodiment, the electrode assembly 3 includes a positive electrode 301 and a negative electrode 302 arranged circumferentially along the output terminal 102. The lengths of both the positive electrode 301 and the negative electrode 302 are greater than twice the length of the output terminal 102. The positive electrode 301 is made of a metallic material, such as indium tin oxide, with one end attached to the inner wall of the output terminal 102 and the other end attached to the outer wall of the output terminal 102, extending beyond the end cap. Correspondingly, the negative electrode 302 is also made of a metallic material, such as indium tin oxide, with one end attached to the inner wall of the output terminal 102 and the other end attached to the outer wall of the output terminal 102, extending beyond the end cap. The positive electrode 301 and the negative electrode 302 extending beyond the end cap form positive and negative electrode contacts, facilitating pressure on the conductive liquid 4 inside the end cap from the outside.

[0036] Preferably, the contact portions of the positive electrode 301 and the negative electrode 302 with the inner wall of the output terminal 102 are sheet-like, the contact portions with the outer wall of the output terminal 102 are tapered, and the portion of the lead-out cap is linear, so as to facilitate connection with an external electric field.

[0037] Preferably, an insulating element is provided between the positive electrode 301 and the negative electrode 302 to prevent the positive electrode 301 and the negative electrode 302 from coming into contact and connecting, which could lead to a short circuit.

[0038] Furthermore, in the preferred embodiment, the outer body 2 is made of the same high-purity fused silica as the inner body 1, and it is a hollow, open-end sleeve structure, such as... Figure 3 As shown in the figure, and its inner diameter matches the outer diameter of the output end 102, so that the outer body 2 can be tightly fitted on the outside of the output end 102 to seal the opening end of the output end 102, thereby encapsulating the liquid material inside the output end 102 and preventing liquid leakage.

[0039] Preferably, the output end 102 and the outer body 2 are tightly bonded together by means of glass fusion, heat sealing or gluing such as carbon dioxide laser or electrodes, while ensuring insulation, and the opening of the output end 102 is further sealed to prevent the conductive liquid 4 and non-conductive liquid 5 filled in the inner body 1 from flowing out.

[0040] Preferably, the outer body 2 is made by hollowing out the central part of one end of the quartz column using optical processing, and its side wall thickness is preferably 0.2~0.5mm, and the bottom thickness away from the opening end is preferably greater than 0.5mm.

[0041] Preferably, a receiving groove is provided on the inner wall of the outer body 2 corresponding to the electrode assembly 3 attached to the outer wall of the inner body 1, and this part of the electrode assembly 3 is embedded in the receiving groove to reduce the difference between the inner diameter of the outer body 2 and the outer diameter of the inner body 1, and to reduce the gap between the inner wall of the outer body 2 and the inner body 1. Further preferably, the thickness of the electrode assembly 3 is greater than the depth of the receiving groove, so that the electrode assembly 3 is partially embedded in the receiving groove in the thickness direction, thereby enabling the electrode assembly 3 to make close contact with the outer wall of the inner body 1 and the bottom of the receiving groove respectively, so that the two sides of the electrode assembly 3 can be bonded to the outer wall of the inner body 1 and the bottom of the receiving groove respectively through subsequent optical processing, thereby realizing the bonding between the inner body 1 and the outer body 2.

[0042] Preferably, a film is deposited on the outer end face of the outer body 2 away from the outlet end along the direction of laser output, and the film parameters are determined according to the output laser wavelength and function.

[0043] When actually manufacturing the end cap, the laser output characteristics and the transmission path of the laser in the fiber end cap can be simulated in advance according to the output characteristics of the fiber laser. This ensures that the laser is transmitted in the conductive liquid 4 and the non-conductive liquid 5, whether it is focusing or diverging. Then, the length, outer diameter, inner diameter and other parameters of the inner body 1 and the outer body 2 in the end cap can be designed.

[0044] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, taking a fiber laser with 20 / 400μm fiber output and NA0.07 as an example, the fiber end cap length is set to 20mm, and the output spot size of the fiber laser is approximately 6.2mm. The inner body 1 is configured with the following dimensions for the splice end 101: a small end diameter of 600μm, a large end diameter of 8.2mm, and a length of 3mm; the output end 102 has an inner diameter of 7mm, an outer diameter of 7.5mm, and a length of 15mm; the outer body 2 is processed with an inner diameter of 7.5mm, an outer diameter of 8.2mm, a length of 17mm, and a hollow portion length of 15mm. Simultaneously, a 15mm receiving groove is formed in the corresponding portion of the outer quartz layer to facilitate subsequent electrode embedding.

[0045] Furthermore, the working process of the liquid end cap based on electro-controllable material of the present invention is as follows: When the laser output light passes through the fiber end cap, the transmission of the overall optical path is sequentially: fiber, fusion splice 101, conductive liquid 4, non-conductive liquid 5, and end face of outer body 2. Since the conductive liquid 4 and the non-conductive liquid 5 are immiscible, when no voltage is applied, the liquid interface naturally forms a symmetrical lens film under the interaction of surface tension. This lens film only serves as a transmission medium. Under the action of an external electric field, when a voltage is applied to the conductive liquid 4 in the inner body 1 through the electrode assembly 3, the charge between the contact surfaces changes, generating an external force that causes the conductive liquid 4 and the non-conductive liquid 5 to deform, changing the shape of the interface and thus changing the radius of curvature of the lens film. By changing the radius of curvature of the lens film, the beam can be converged and diverged, ultimately achieving control of the output beam.

[0046] Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a method for preparing a liquid end cap based on an electro-controllable material, used to prepare the aforementioned liquid end cap based on an electro-controllable material, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the specific steps include the following: (1) Prepare the inner body 1 and the outer body 2 according to the designed shape and size; In actual production, the quartz column is optically processed according to the side wall thickness and bottom thickness of the inner body 1 and the outer body 2.

[0047] (2) A portion of the electrode assembly 3 is attached to the inner wall of the inner body 1, and the remaining portion of the electrode assembly 3 is folded and wrapped around the outer wall of the inner body 1. One end of the positive electrode 301 and the negative electrode 302 are respectively attached to the upper and lower inner walls of the inner body 1, and the remaining parts are folded in the opposite direction to cover the outer wall of the inner body 1. (3) Stand the inner body 1 with the electrode attached facing upwards, and fill the hollow part of the inner body 1 with conductive liquid 4 and non-conductive liquid 5 in sequence. (4) The outer body 2 is placed on the outside of the inner body 1, and the outer body 2 and the inner body 1 are bonded together to complete the preparation of the liquid end cap based on the electro-controllable material.

[0048] It is important to note that when the outer body 2 is fitted over the inner body 1, the receiving groove on the inner wall of the outer body 2 must correspond to the position of the electrode assembly 3 so that the electrode assembly 3 can be housed within the receiving groove. Simultaneously, the inner body 1 and outer body 2 are fused together using a carbon dioxide laser post-processing method, ensuring a tight fit and guaranteeing that the liquid filling the inner body 1 is leak-free, overflow-free, and has no remaining space.

[0049] In actual use, the fusion splice end 101 of the prepared liquid end cap is fused with the output fiber of the fiber laser to form the output end of the fiber laser.

[0050] The liquid end cap based on electro-controllable material of the present invention controls the transmission of the optical path under the action of an external electric field. It is easy to operate, has high control precision, and fast response speed, effectively enhancing the functionality of the end cap.

[0051] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A liquid end cap based on an electro-controllable material, characterized in that, Includes an inner body, an outer body, and electrode assemblies; The inner body includes a fusion splice end and an output end connected together; the fusion splice end is used to fusion splice with an optical fiber, and the output end is a sleeve structure with one end open, and the output end is filled with immiscible conductive liquid and non-conductive liquid in sequence along the axial direction, and a light-transmitting interface is formed at the junction of the conductive liquid and the non-conductive liquid. One end of the electrode assembly is in contact with the conductive liquid, and the other end extends beyond the end cap, so that a voltage is applied to the conductive liquid through the electrode assembly, causing the conductive liquid to deform and change the curvature of the light-transmitting interface, thereby controlling the convergence or divergence of the light path. The outer body is used to seal the opening of the inner body.

2. The liquid end cap based on electro-controllable materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrode assembly includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode, with the negative electrode and the positive electrode arranged circumferentially at intervals along the output end; one end of the positive electrode is attached to the inner wall of the output end, and the other end is attached to the outer wall of the output end, extending to the outside of the end cap; one end of the negative electrode is attached to the inner wall of the output end, and the other end is attached to the outer wall of the output end, extending to the outside of the end cap.

3. The liquid end cap based on electro-controllable materials according to claim 2, characterized in that, An insulating element is provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

4. The liquid end cap based on an electro-controllable material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The outer body is a sleeve structure with one end open. The output end is embedded in the outer body, and the opening of the output end is located at the end opposite to the opening of the outer body.

5. The liquid end cap based on electro-controllable materials according to claim 4, characterized in that, An accommodating groove is provided on the inner wall of the outer body corresponding to the electrode assembly, and the depth of the accommodating groove is less than the thickness of the electrode assembly. One end of the electrode assembly is partially embedded in the accommodating groove in the thickness direction.

6. The liquid end cap based on an electro-controllable material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The positive electrode and / or the negative electrode have a sheet-like contact portion with the inner wall of the output terminal, a tapered contact portion with the outer wall of the output terminal, and a linear portion leading out of the end cap.

7. The liquid end cap based on electro-controllable materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The volume ratio of the conductive liquid to the non-conductive liquid is 1:

1.

8. The liquid end cap based on electro-controllable materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the sidewall of the output end is 0.2~0.5mm, and the thickness of the bottom of the output end near the welding end is greater than 0.5mm; The outer body has a sidewall thickness of 0.2~0.5mm, and the bottom thickness of the outer body at the end opposite to its opening is greater than 0.5mm.

9. A method for preparing a liquid end cap based on an electro-controllable material, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Prepare the inner and outer body according to the designed shape and size; (2) Attach a portion of the electrode assembly to the inner wall of the inner body, and fold the remaining portion of the electrode assembly in the opposite direction and attach it to the outer wall of the inner body. (3) Stand the inner body with the electrode assembly attached upright with the opening facing upward, and fill the inner body with conductive liquid and non-conductive liquid in sequence; (4) Place the outer body on the outside of the inner body and bond the outer body and the inner body together.

10. The method for preparing a liquid end cap based on an electro-controllable material according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step (4), carbon dioxide laser post-processing is used to fuse the inner and outer layers together so that they are bonded together.

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