Load recovery method for power distribution network

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of post-disaster reconstruction of a power distribution network, and discloses a power distribution network load recovery method, which is used for adjusting the service range of a communication base station running based on a standby battery after a disaster, and carrying out topology dynamic reconstruction on the post-disaster power distribution network based on a regulation and control instruction data packet sent by the communication base station. Comprising the following steps: constructing a communication constraint based on a to-be-transmitted regulation and control instruction data packet and states of a communication base station and an interconnection switch in a power distribution network; constructing a power flow constraint based on a Distflow power flow model; constructing a topology dynamic reconstruction constraint in a manner that the power distribution network reconstruction topology satisfies a radial shape; constructing a maintenance constraint according to the monotonicity of the repair state of the distribution line and the time required for maintenance; and constructing an optimization objective function by taking the minimum sum of the reduced loads of all nodes of the power distribution network in load recovery as an optimization objective, constructing a load recovery model in combination with the constraints, solving and obtaining an optimal load recovery scheme, and performing dynamic reconstruction on the topology of the power distribution network to realize load recovery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power distribution network post-disaster reconstruction technology, and in particular to a method for power distribution network load restoration. Background Technology

[0002] The power system comprises the main grid and the distribution network. The main grid is the primary transmission network for power supply companies, referring to the network from the distribution network to the power plants. The distribution network is a distribution network composed of distribution lines that directly supply power to users, often simply called the distribution network. The distribution network is a multi-layered composite system integrating the physical layer, information layer, and decision-making layer. The physical layer, centered on the distribution network, includes interconnection switches, distributed power sources, and maintenance plans. The information layer consists of wireless communication networks, where each communication base station has a specific communication service area to ensure that equipment within that area can accurately and quickly execute instructions from the decision-making layer.

[0003] Following natural disasters, power distribution lines and communication base stations, being directly exposed to the external environment, are highly susceptible to disconnection or damage, thus halting the transmission of power and commands and increasing the risk of operational disruptions to the power distribution network. Currently, post-disaster load restoration methods for power distribution networks primarily rely on two approaches: First, through the dynamic operation of tie switches, local topology reconfiguration is achieved to prioritize the restoration of power to critical loads; subsequently, a maintenance plan is developed to systematically repair damaged lines, gradually restoring system integrity and power supply capacity.

[0004] However, existing recovery methods generally rely on the support of communication systems, especially during the topology reconfiguration phase, which requires remote control of handover switches via communication links. However, in disaster scenarios, while communication base stations may not be physically damaged, their service capacity is dynamically limited by remaining battery power due to reliance on backup batteries. If communication capacity cannot cover critical nodes, it may lead to the interruption of control links, affecting the overall effectiveness of load recovery methods. Furthermore, existing load recovery methods typically assume constant availability of communication systems and do not schedule or manage communication resources, making them ill-suited to the real-world needs of communication capacity degradation in post-disaster environments.

[0005] In summary, traditional recovery methods generally assume that communication links are always available when they are constructed, ignoring the actual situation that communication base stations rely on backup batteries to operate in disaster environments and that service capabilities are based on the dynamic changes in the remaining power of backup batteries. This can lead to problems such as the loss of critical contact switches and failure of topology reconfiguration during the implementation of load recovery schemes, reducing the efficiency and feasibility of the schemes, and consequently resulting in low efficiency of post-disaster reconstruction and difficulty in timely and effective load recovery. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problem that the existing technology ignores the changes in the service capacity of communication base stations after a disaster, which may lead to the loss of contact switches and failure of topology reconstruction in the load recovery scheme, making load recovery infeasible and reducing the efficiency of post-disaster reconstruction.

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method for restoring the load of a distribution network, which adjusts the service range of communication base stations operating on backup batteries after a disaster, and dynamically reconstructs the distribution network topology after a disaster based on control command data packets sent by the communication base stations, including: Based on the data packets of control commands to be transmitted and the status of communication base stations and tie switches in the distribution network, communication constraints of the distribution network are constructed, including: Based on the bit length, bit error probability, noise bandwidth, and data transmission speed of the control instruction data packet, the minimum signal-to-noise ratio required for communication is obtained; Based on the distance between the communication base station and the handover switch, the signal transmission power of the communication base station, the signal reception power of the handover switch and the signal noise, a signal propagation constraint including signal power path loss, signal transmission power and reception power, and communication white noise is constructed. Based on the charging and discharging power, charging and discharging status, charging and discharging efficiency, capacity upper and lower limits and remaining capacity of the backup battery connected to the communication base station, a power consumption adjustment constraint for the communication base station powered by the backup battery is constructed. Based on the control state of the communication base station and management agency over the handover switch under the minimum signal-to-noise ratio required for communication, a control state constraint of the handover switch is constructed. Based on the Distflow power flow model, power flow constraints for the distribution network are constructed. To construct dynamic topology reconfiguration constraints, the distribution network topology is reconfigured to satisfy a radial configuration. Maintenance constraints are constructed based on the monotonicity of the power distribution line repair status and the time required for maintenance; The optimization objective function is constructed with the goal of minimizing the sum of load reductions at all nodes of the distribution network during load restoration. Based on the optimization objective function, as well as the communication constraints, power flow constraints, topology dynamic reconfiguration constraints, and maintenance constraints of the distribution network, a load recovery model is constructed. Solve the load recovery model to obtain the optimal load recovery scheme, and dynamically reconfigure the distribution network topology to achieve load recovery.

[0008] Preferably, the minimum signal-to-noise ratio required for communication is obtained based on the bit length of the control instruction data packet, the bit error probability, the noise bandwidth, and the data transmission rate, including: Based on the bit length of the control instruction data packet With communication reliability Calculate bit error probability , represented as: ; Based on noise bandwidth Data transmission speed Constructing the bit error probability and the minimum signal-to-noise ratio required for communication The relation is expressed as: ; in, This represents the right-tailed integral function of the standard Gaussian distribution.

[0009] Preferably, based on the distance between the communication base station and the handover switch, the signal transmission power of the communication base station, the signal reception power of the handover switch, and the signal noise, a signal propagation constraint is constructed, including signal power path loss, signal transmission power and reception power, and communication white noise, comprising: Based on communication base stations With the handover switch physical distance between , computational communication base station With the handover switch Signal power path loss between , represented as: ;in, and To preset the energy loss coefficient, Represents a set of communication base stations. Represents a set of interconnecting switches; Based on communication base stations With the handover switch Signal power path loss between Obtain the signal transmission power of the communication base station Signal receiving power of the handover switch The relationship between them can be expressed as: ; Based on Boltzmann constant Kelvin temperature With signal bandwidth Calculate white noise in communication , represented as: ; Based on the signal transmission power of the communication base station With power conversion factor Measuring the power consumption of communication base stations , represented as: .

[0010] Preferably, based on the charging and discharging power, charging and discharging state, charging and discharging efficiency, capacity upper and lower limits, and remaining capacity of the backup battery connected to the communication base station, a power consumption adjustment constraint for the communication base station powered by the backup battery is constructed, including: Based on the charging status of the backup battery With maximum charging power Limit the charging power of backup batteries , represented as: ; This indicates that the backup battery is charging. This indicates that the backup battery is not charging. Based on the state of discharge of the backup battery With maximum discharge power Limit the discharge power of backup batteries , represented as: ; This indicates that the backup battery is in a discharging state. This indicates that the backup battery is not discharging. The state of charge and state of discharge of the backup battery are constrained, as follows: ; Charging power and charging efficiency based on backup batteries Discharge power and discharge efficiency and in Remaining capacity at time step Calculation after After a period of time, The remaining capacity of the backup battery at all times , represented as: ; Based on the upper limit of backup battery capacity With lower capacity limit Constraining backup batteries Remaining capacity at time step , represented as: .

[0011] Preferably, based on the control states of the communication base station and the management agency over the handshake switch at the minimum signal-to-noise ratio required for communication, a controlled state constraint for the handshake switch is constructed, including: When the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the transmitted signal from any communication base station meets the minimum SNR required for communication by the handshake switch, the handshake switch is controllable, as expressed as: ; Based on the operating status of the communication base station and the control status of the tie switch it controls, the control status of the tie switch relative to the distribution network management agency is constrained, as follows: ; in, and These are the preset maximum and minimum positive numbers, respectively; To indicate Always-on contact switch Compared to communication base stations Integer variables for control state, express Real-time communication switch Affected by communication base stations control, express Always-on contact switch Unaffected by communication base stations control; To indicate a communication base station Integer variables representing the running state. Indicates communication base station Normal operation Indicates communication base station Damaged; To indicate Always-on contact switch Compared to the integer variables of the control state of the distribution network management agency, express Real-time communication switch Controlled by the power distribution network management agency express Real-time communication switch It is not under the control of the power distribution network management agency.

[0012] Preferably, based on the Distflow power flow model, power flow constraints for the distribution network are constructed, including: The active power balance constraint is constructed by subtracting resistive losses from the active power flowing through the line, which equals the active power flowing out of the node plus the active power input of the distributed generation minus the active load demand. This constraint is expressed as: ; The reactive power balance constraint is constructed by subtracting reactance losses from the reactive power flowing through the line, which equals the reactive power flowing out of the node plus the reactive power input of distributed generation minus the reactive load demand. This constraint is expressed as: ; Based on the voltage square difference of the distribution network and the active and reactive power flows of the distribution lines, a voltage drop constraint for the distribution lines is constructed, expressed as: ; Constraints are applied to the active and reactive power of the main distribution network, expressed as follows: , ; Based on the impact of the on / off state of power distribution lines on power flow, a capacity constraint for power distribution lines is constructed, expressed as: , ; Based on the upper and lower limits of voltage amplitude, the voltage amplitude of the node is constrained, as follows: ; To ensure that the node's power reduction does not exceed its normal load, a node load constraint is constructed, which is expressed as: , ; in, Represents a collection of power distribution lines. This represents the parent-line correlation matrix in a distribution network. This represents the correlation matrix between sub-nodes and lines in a distribution network. express Power distribution lines active power, Indicates power distribution lines The resistance, express Power distribution lines The square of the current; This represents the node association matrix of the main distribution network. This represents the active power of the main distribution network. Represents a collection of distributed power sources. The correlation matrix representing distributed power sources, express Distributed power sources at nodes Those who have made meritorious contributions; Represents the set of nodes in the distribution network. express time The typical active load of a node, express time Reduce the active power load of nodes; express Power distribution lines reactive power, Indicates power distribution lines Reactance, This represents the reactive power of the main distribution network. express Distributed power sources at nodes Unproductive efforts express time The node's normal reactive load, express time Reactive load reduction at nodes; Represents a node exist The square of the voltage amplitude at time . Indicates power distribution lines impedance; and These represent the upper and lower limits of the active power provided by the main grid, respectively. and These represent the upper and lower limits of reactive power provided by the main grid, respectively. and They represent power distribution lines. Upper and lower limits of active power capacity; To indicate Power distribution lines Integer variables representing on / off states, express Power distribution lines normal, express Power distribution lines disconnect; and They represent power distribution lines. Upper and lower limits of reactive power capacity; and These represent the upper and lower limits of the voltage amplitude, respectively. Represents a node The voltage amplitude.

[0013] Preferably, ignoring the impact of distribution network losses on power flow, the update is as follows: The active power balance constraint at a node is expressed as: ; The reactive power balance constraint at a node is expressed as: ; Voltage drop constraint, expressed as: ; in, Represents the set of parent nodes. This represents the set of child nodes.

[0014] Preferably, the topology is reconfigured to satisfy a radial pattern, and dynamic topology reconfiguration constraints are constructed, including: Taking the restructured distribution network as a radial network, the constraint on the number of distribution lines is expressed as follows: ; The virtual power flow equilibrium constraint is constructed as follows: ; The root node selection constraint is constructed as follows: ; The virtual power flow and on / off state correlation constraints of the power distribution line are constructed as follows: ; in, Represents a collection of power distribution lines. To indicate Power distribution lines Integer variables representing on / off states, express Power distribution lines normal, express Power distribution lines disconnect This represents the total number of nodes in the node set of the reconstructed distribution network. This represents the set of candidate root nodes in the reconstructed distribution network; To indicate time Nodes in Is it an integer variable that is the root node? express Nodes in exist The root node is at time 1. express Nodes in exist It is not the root node at any given time; This represents the parent-line correlation matrix in a distribution network. This represents the correlation matrix between sub-nodes and lines in a distribution network. express Power distribution lines Virtual trends in the world It is a pre-defined maximum positive number.

[0015] Preferably, maintenance constraints are constructed based on the monotonicity of the power distribution line repair status and the time required for maintenance, including: constraint Power distribution lines On / off state and Power distribution lines On / off state It exhibits monotonicity, represented as: ; The constraint that each distribution line in a power distribution network must undergo its corresponding maintenance time before returning to normal operation is represented as follows: ; in, Represents a collection of power distribution lines. Indicates power distribution lines The time required for repairs.

[0016] Preferably, the optimization objective is to minimize the sum of load reductions at all nodes in the distribution network during load restoration, and the objective function is constructed as follows: ; in, express time Reduce the active power load of nodes. This represents the set of nodes in the distribution network.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0018] The distribution network load restoration method described in this invention fully utilizes the communication scheduling potential of communication base stations when constructing distribution network communication constraints, and actively schedules and manages the communication resources of communication base stations. It also considers the impact of powering communication base stations with backup batteries after a disaster on their service capabilities, and introduces a power consumption adjustment mechanism for communication base stations. This mechanism dynamically adjusts the communication service range based on the backup battery's power supply capacity to ensure the controllability of tie switches during topology reconfiguration in the optimal load restoration scheme, guarantee the availability of control links, and achieve efficient physical-side restoration. This enhances the load restoration capability of the distribution network in a post-disaster environment, reduces the load reduction in the power system, and improves the efficiency of post-disaster reconstruction of the distribution network.

[0019] This application constructs topology dynamic reconfiguration constraints and maintenance constraints to ensure that a legal and valid topology is quickly generated after the distribution network is reconfigured, avoiding recovery failure due to communication interruption and ensuring the feasibility of load recovery.

[0020] The optimization objective function constructed in this application aims to minimize the sum of load reductions. Combined with the communication constraints, power flow constraints, topology dynamic reconfiguration constraints, and maintenance constraints of the distribution network constructed in this application, constraints are imposed on communication base stations, backup batteries, and distribution lines. This achieves multi-objective collaborative optimization at the physical layer, communication layer, and decision layer, and solves a scheme that takes into account the scheduling of communication base stations. The scheme performs topology dynamic reconfiguration of the distribution network to restore the distribution network load, avoids control recovery failure caused by unreliable communication, and ensures the robustness of the power system. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the steps of the power distribution network load restoration method provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the normal operation of communication base stations after a natural disaster. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the state of communication base stations after a natural disaster. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing how the surviving communication base station 1 increases its own power consumption to restore control of the handshake switch 3; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating how communication base stations reduce power consumption and enhance critical links; Figure 6 This is a diagram of the power distribution network topology. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the embodiments described are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0023] This invention addresses the reliance of communication base stations on backup batteries by controlling their service range through power consumption regulation. On one hand, it enhances coverage to support remote control of more handover switches, enabling better topology reconfiguration. On the other hand, it selectively narrows the service range to extend the runtime of critical links and enhance the stability of control links. This invention achieves a balance between information support capabilities and physical load recovery methods, significantly improving post-disaster system resilience.

[0024] Reference Figure 1 As shown in the flowchart of the distribution network load restoration method of the present invention, the service range of the communication base station operating on backup batteries after a disaster is adjusted, and the distribution network topology after the disaster is dynamically reconstructed based on the control command data packet sent by the communication base station. The specific steps include: S101: Based on the data packets of control commands to be transmitted and the status of communication base stations and tie switches in the distribution network, construct the communication constraints of the distribution network, including: S101-1: Based on the bit length, bit error probability, noise bandwidth, and data transmission rate of the control instruction data packet, obtain the minimum signal-to-noise ratio required for communication, including: Based on the bit length of the control instruction data packet With communication reliability Calculate bit error probability , represented as: ; Based on noise bandwidth Data transmission speed Constructing the bit error probability and the minimum signal-to-noise ratio required for communication The relation is expressed as: ; in, This represents the right-tailed integral function of the standard Gaussian distribution.

[0025] S101-2: Based on the distance between the communication base station and the handover switch, the signal transmission power of the communication base station, the signal reception power of the handover switch and the signal noise, construct signal propagation constraints including signal power path loss, signal transmission power and reception power, and communication white noise; S101-3: Based on the charging and discharging power, charging and discharging status, charging and discharging efficiency, capacity upper and lower limits and remaining capacity of the backup battery connected to the communication base station, construct the power consumption adjustment constraint of the communication base station powered by the backup battery. S101-4: Based on the control state of the communication base station and the management agency over the handshake switch under the minimum signal-to-noise ratio required for communication, construct the control state constraint of the handshake switch; S102: Based on the Distflow power flow model, construct power flow constraints for the distribution network; S103: Construct dynamic topology reconfiguration constraints based on the radial topology of the distribution network reconfiguration. S104: Construct maintenance constraints based on the monotonicity of power distribution line repair status and the time required for maintenance; S105: Construct an optimization objective function with the goal of minimizing the sum of load reductions at all nodes in the distribution network during load restoration; S106: Based on the optimization objective function, as well as the communication constraints, power flow constraints, topology dynamic reconfiguration constraints and maintenance constraints of the distribution network, a load recovery model is constructed; S107: Solve the load recovery model, obtain the optimal load recovery scheme, and dynamically reconfigure the distribution network topology to achieve load recovery.

[0026] Specifically, in step S101-2, the constructed signal propagation constraints include: Based on communication base stations With the handover switch physical distance between , computational communication base station With the handover switch Signal power path loss between , represented as: ;in, and To preset the energy loss coefficient, Represents a set of communication base stations. Represents a set of interconnecting switches; Based on communication base stations With the handover switch Signal power path loss between Obtain the signal transmission power of the communication base station Signal receiving power of the handover switch The relationship between them can be expressed as: ; Based on Boltzmann constant Kelvin temperature With signal bandwidth Calculate white noise in communication , represented as: ; Based on the signal transmission power of the communication base station With power conversion factor Measuring the power consumption of communication base stations , represented as: .

[0027] Specifically, in step S101-3, the power consumption adjustment constraint of the communication base station powered by the backup battery includes: Based on the charging status of the backup battery With maximum charging power Limit the charging power of backup batteries , represented as: ; This indicates that the backup battery is charging. This indicates that the backup battery is not charging. Based on the state of discharge of the backup battery With maximum discharge power Limit the discharge power of backup batteries , represented as: ; This indicates that the backup battery is in a discharging state. This indicates that the backup battery is not discharging. The state of charge and state of discharge of the backup battery are constrained, as follows: ; Charging power and charging efficiency based on backup batteries Discharge power and discharge efficiency and in Remaining capacity at time step Calculation after After a period of time, The remaining capacity of the backup battery at all times , represented as: ; Based on the upper limit of backup battery capacity With lower capacity limit Constraining backup batteries Remaining capacity at time step , represented as: .

[0028] Specifically, in step S101-4, the controlled state constraint of the interconnection switch includes: When the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the transmitted signal from any communication base station meets the minimum SNR required for communication by the handshake switch, the handshake switch is controllable, as expressed as: ; Based on the operating status of the communication base station and the control status of the tie switch it controls, the control status of the tie switch relative to the distribution network management agency is constrained, as follows: ; in, and These are the preset maximum and minimum positive numbers, respectively; To indicate Real-time communication switch Compared to communication base stations Integer variables for control state, express Real-time communication switch Affected by communication base stations control, express Real-time communication switch Unaffected by communication base stations control; To indicate a communication base station Integer variables representing the running state. Indicates communication base station Normal operation Indicates communication base station Damaged; To indicate Real-time communication switch Compared to the integer variables of the control state of the distribution network management agency, express Real-time communication switch Controlled by the power distribution network management agency express Real-time communication switch It is not under the control of the power distribution network management agency.

[0029] The distribution network load restoration method described in this invention fully utilizes the communication scheduling potential of communication base stations when constructing distribution network communication constraints, and actively schedules and manages the communication resources of communication base stations. It also considers the impact of powering communication base stations with backup batteries after a disaster on their service capabilities, and introduces a power consumption adjustment mechanism for communication base stations. This mechanism dynamically adjusts the communication service range based on the backup battery's power supply capacity to ensure the controllability of tie switches during topology reconfiguration in the optimal load restoration scheme, guarantee the availability of control links, and achieve efficient physical-side restoration. This enhances the load restoration capability of the distribution network in a post-disaster environment, reduces the load reduction in the power system, and improves the efficiency of post-disaster reconstruction of the distribution network.

[0030] Based on the above embodiments, in step S102, power flow constraints of the distribution network are constructed based on the Distflow power flow model, including: S102-1: The active power balance constraint is constructed by subtracting resistive losses from the active power flowing through the line, which equals the active power flowing out of the node plus the active power input of the distributed generation minus the active load demand. This constraint is expressed as: ; S102-2: The reactive power balance constraint is constructed by subtracting reactance losses from the reactive power flowing through the line, which equals the reactive power flowing out of the node, plus the reactive power input of distributed generation sources minus the reactive load demand. This constraint is expressed as: ; S102-3: Based on the voltage square difference of the distribution network and the active and reactive power flows of the distribution lines, a voltage drop constraint for the distribution lines is constructed, expressed as: ; S102-4: Constraints are imposed on the active and reactive power of the main distribution network, expressed as: , ; S102-5: Based on the impact of the on / off state of distribution lines on power flow, construct the capacity constraints of distribution lines, expressed as: , ; S102-6: Based on the upper and lower limits of voltage amplitude, the voltage amplitude of the node is constrained, as shown below: ; S102-7: Construct node load constraints with the goal of ensuring that node power reduction does not exceed the node's normal load, expressed as: , ; in, Represents a collection of power distribution lines. This represents the parent-line correlation matrix in a distribution network. This represents the correlation matrix between sub-nodes and lines in a distribution network. express Power distribution lines active power, Indicates power distribution lines The resistance, express Power distribution lines The square of the current; This represents the node association matrix of the main distribution network. This represents the active power of the main distribution network. Represents a collection of distributed power sources. The correlation matrix representing distributed power sources, express Distributed power sources at nodes Those who have made meritorious contributions; Represents the set of nodes in the distribution network. express time The typical active load of a node, express time Reduce the active power load of nodes; express Power distribution lines reactive power, Indicates power distribution lines Reactance, This represents the reactive power of the main distribution network. express Distributed power sources at nodes Unproductive efforts express time The node's normal reactive load, express time Reactive load reduction at nodes; Represents a node exist The square of the voltage amplitude at time . Indicates power distribution lines impedance; and These represent the upper and lower limits of the active power provided by the main grid, respectively. and These represent the upper and lower limits of reactive power provided by the main grid, respectively. and They represent power distribution lines. Upper and lower limits of active power capacity; To indicate Power distribution lines Integer variables representing on / off states, express Power distribution lines normal, express Power distribution lines disconnect; and They represent power distribution lines. Upper and lower limits of reactive power capacity; and These represent the upper and lower limits of the voltage amplitude, respectively. Represents a node The voltage amplitude.

[0031] Specifically, this application ignores the impact of distribution network losses on power flow and updates some constraints in the power flow constraints of the distribution network, including: The active power balance constraint at a node is expressed as: ; The reactive power balance constraint at a node is expressed as: ; Voltage drop constraint, expressed as: ; in, Represents the set of parent nodes. This represents the set of child nodes.

[0032] Specifically, in step S103, topology dynamic reconfiguration constraints are constructed, including: S103-1: Taking the restructured distribution network as a radial network, the constraint on the number of distribution lines is expressed as follows: ; S103-2: Construct virtual power flow equilibrium constraints, represented as: ; S103-3: Construct root node selection constraints, represented as: ; S103-4: Construct the virtual power flow and on / off state association constraints of the distribution line, expressed as: ; in, Represents a collection of power distribution lines. To indicate Power distribution lines Integer variables representing on / off states, express Power distribution lines normal, express Power distribution lines disconnect This represents the total number of nodes in the node set of the reconstructed distribution network. This represents the set of candidate root nodes in the reconstructed distribution network; To indicate time Nodes in Is it an integer variable that is the root node? express Nodes in exist The root node is at time 1. express Nodes in exist It is not the root node at any given time; This represents the parent-line correlation matrix in a distribution network. This represents the correlation matrix between sub-nodes and lines in a distribution network. express Power distribution lines Virtual trends in the world It is a pre-defined maximum positive number.

[0033] Specifically, in step S104, the maintenance constraints constructed include: S104-1: Constraints Power distribution lines On / off state and Power distribution lines On / off state It exhibits monotonicity, represented as: ; S104-2: Each distribution line in a power distribution network must undergo its corresponding maintenance time before returning to normal operation, as expressed as: ; in, Represents a collection of power distribution lines. Indicates power distribution lines The time required for repairs.

[0034] This application constructs topology dynamic reconfiguration constraints and maintenance constraints to ensure that a legal and valid topology is quickly generated after the distribution network is reconfigured, avoiding recovery failure due to communication interruption and ensuring the feasibility of load recovery.

[0035] The optimization objective function constructed in this application is expressed as: ; in, express time Reduce the active power load of nodes. Represents the set of distribution network nodes

[0036] The optimization objective function constructed in this application aims to minimize the sum of load reductions. Combined with the communication constraints, power flow constraints, topology dynamic reconfiguration constraints, and maintenance constraints of the distribution network constructed in this application, constraints are imposed on communication base stations, backup batteries, and distribution lines. This achieves multi-objective collaborative optimization at the physical layer, communication layer, and decision layer, and solves a scheme that takes into account the scheduling of communication base stations. The scheme performs topology dynamic reconfiguration of the distribution network to restore the distribution network load, avoids control recovery failure caused by unreliable communication, and ensures the robustness of the power system.

[0037] Based on the above embodiments, in this embodiment of the invention, the power distribution network load restoration method provided by the present invention is used to perform load restoration considering the communication perspective. Specific steps include:

[0038] S201: Description of the load restoration problem in a distribution network considering communication dispatch The power distribution network is a multi-layered composite system integrating the physical layer, information layer, and decision-making layer. The physical layer, centered on the distribution network, includes interconnecting switches, distributed power sources, and maintenance plans. The information layer consists of a wireless communication network, where each communication base station has a specific service area to ensure that equipment within that area can accurately and quickly execute commands from the decision-making layer. After a natural disaster, power distribution lines and communication base stations, as equipment directly exposed to the external environment, are highly susceptible to disconnection or damage, thus halting the transmission of power and commands.

[0039] To reduce load shedding, in addition to continuously issuing commands to control tie switches via distribution automation during maintenance plans to reconfigure the topology, distribution network management agencies can also perform communication scheduling by adjusting the power consumption of surviving communication base stations. (Refer to...) Figure 2 The diagram shown illustrates the normal operation of a communication base station after a natural disaster; refer to... Figure 3 The diagram shows the state of a communication base station after a natural disaster, where control over some of the communication switches is lost.

[0040] During the load recovery cycle, surviving communication base stations can improve the communication status of the distribution network by increasing power consumption; simultaneously, base stations can also reduce power consumption to enhance the stability of critical links. (Refer to...) Figure 4 The diagram illustrates how a surviving communication base station 1 increases its own power consumption to restore control of the handshake switch 3; see reference. Figure 5 The diagram shown illustrates how communication base stations can reduce power consumption and enhance critical links.

[0041] S202: Modeling of Coordinated Load Recovery Methods The signal quality of wireless communication networks plays a crucial role in ensuring the reliability and real-time performance of command transmission in power distribution networks. It can be affected by factors such as channel propagation path obstruction, multipath effects (e.g., direct sunlight, reflection, scattering, and diffraction), and background noise interference. The impact of these factors on signal quality is typically described by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a key indicator measuring the ratio between the effective signal strength and the background noise intensity.

[0042] S202-1: Under IEEE 802.15.4 modulation mode (O-QPSK), calculate the minimum SNR required for effective communication, including: ① The relationship between the communication reliability of data packets and the probability of bit errors is expressed as: ; in, Indicates the preset communication reliability rate. Represents the bit error probability. Indicates the bit length of the data packet; ② The relationship between bit error probability and SNR is expressed as: ; in, Describes the right-tailed integral function of the standard Gaussian distribution. This represents the minimum signal-to-noise ratio. Indicates the noise bandwidth. Indicates data transmission speed; S202-2: Construct signal propagation constraints, including: ③ Signal power path loss between communication base stations and handover switches due to physical distance , represented as: ; in, and To preset the energy loss coefficient, Indicates base station With the handover switch The physical distance; Represents a set of communication base stations. Represents a set of interconnecting switches; ④ The relationship between the signal transmission power of the communication base station and the signal reception power of the handshake switch is expressed as follows: ; in, express Real-time communication switch Received from communication base station signal power, express Real-time communication base station The signal transmission power; ⑤ Communication white noise, represented as: ; in, Represents natural noise. This represents Boltzmann's constant. Indicates Kelvin temperature. Indicates signal bandwidth; ⑥ The power consumption of a communication base station is expressed by a linear equation related to the signal transmission power, as follows: ; in, express Real-time communication base station The charging power of the backup battery, The power conversion factor represents the power consumption conversion factor. S202-3: Power consumption regulation constraints for communication base stations powered by backup batteries, including: ⑦ Constraints on the ability of communication base stations to be powered by backup batteries include: ; ; ; ; ; in, express Real-time communication base station The charging power of the backup battery, To indicate Real-time communication base station The integer variable representing the charging state of the backup battery. This indicates that the backup battery is charging. This indicates that the backup battery is not charging. Indicates communication base station The maximum charging power of the backup battery; express Real-time communication base station The discharge power of the backup battery, To indicate Real-time communication base station The integer variable representing the state of discharge of the backup battery. This indicates that the backup battery is in a discharging state. This indicates that the backup battery is not discharging. Indicates communication base station The maximum discharge power of the backup battery; express Real-time communication base station The remaining capacity of the backup battery, express Real-time communication base station The remaining capacity of the backup battery; and Indicates communication base station The charging and discharging efficiency of the backup battery; and This indicates the upper and lower limits of the backup battery's capacity. S202-4: Construct controlled state constraints for the handover switch, including: Assuming that each communication base station operates at rated power on different channels to avoid spectrum and signal interference, the handshake switch can accept remote control signals from multiple different channels to ensure communication redundancy.

[0043] ⑧ When the SNR of any communication base station signal meets the minimum requirement of the handshake switch, the handshake switch is controllable; the relationship between the handshake switch signal receiving power and its controlled state includes: ; ; in, and These are the preset maximum and minimum positive numbers, respectively; To indicate Real-time communication switch Compared to communication base stations Integer variables for control state, express Real-time communication switch Affected by communication base stations control, express Real-time communication switch Unaffected by communication base stations control; To indicate a communication base station Integer variables representing the running state. Indicates communication base station Normal operation Indicates communication base station Damaged; To indicate Real-time communication switch Compared to the integer variables of the control state of the distribution network management agency, express Real-time communication switch Controlled by the power distribution network management agency express Real-time communication switch It is not under the control of the power distribution network management agency.

[0044] S203: The power flow of the distribution network is described using the Distflow power flow model, which specifically includes: ① Power balance constraints at distribution network nodes, including: Active power balance constraints are expressed as: ; Reactive power balance constraints are expressed as: ; Since the distribution network loss accounts for approximately 1% of the total power, its impact on power flow can be ignored. Therefore, the node power balance constraint can be linearly approximated as: ; ; in, Represents a collection of power distribution lines. This represents the parent-line correlation matrix in a distribution network. This represents the correlation matrix between sub-nodes and lines in a distribution network. express Power distribution lines active power, Indicates power distribution lines The resistance, express Power distribution lines The square of the current; This represents the node association matrix of the main network. This indicates the active power of the main network; Represents a collection of distributed power sources. The correlation matrix representing distributed power sources, express Distributed power sources at nodes Those who have made meritorious contributions; Represents the set of nodes in the distribution network. express time The typical active load of a node, express time Reduce the active power load of nodes; express Power distribution lines reactive power, Indicates power distribution lines Reactance, This represents the reactive power of the main grid. express Distributed power sources at nodes Unproductive efforts express time The node's normal reactive load, express time Reactive load reduction at nodes; ② The voltage drop constraint of the power distribution line is expressed as: ; in, express time The square of the voltage amplitude at the node. Indicates power distribution lines impedance; Since the distribution network loss accounts for approximately 1% of the total power, its impact on power flow can be ignored. Therefore, the voltage drop constraint can be linearly approximated as: ; in, Represents the set of parent nodes. Represents the set of child nodes; ③ The main network's transmission power constraints include: ; ; in, and These represent the upper and lower limits of the active power provided by the main grid, respectively. and These represent the upper and lower limits of reactive power provided by the main grid, respectively. ④ The impact of the on / off state of power distribution lines on power flow is expressed as: When the line is normal, this constraint represents the active and reactive power capacity constraint of the line; when the line is disconnected, the power transmitted by the line is 0. ; ; in, and They represent power distribution lines. Upper and lower limits of active power capacity; To indicate Power distribution lines Integer variables representing on / off states, express Power distribution lines normal, express Power distribution lines disconnect; and They represent power distribution lines. Upper and lower limits of reactive power capacity; ⑤ Voltage amplitude constraint, expressed as: ; in, and These represent the upper and lower limits of the voltage amplitude, respectively. Represents a node The voltage amplitude; ⑥ The power reduction of a node does not exceed the node's normal load, expressed as: ; ;

[0045] S204: After a fault occurs, the distribution network can send control commands to change the topology via remote control of tie switches and restore disconnected lines in accordance with maintenance plans, thereby reducing load loss. Based on this objective, this embodiment generates reconfiguration constraints and maintenance constraints, specifically including: ① After the system topology is reconstructed, it should meet the radial requirement, which is expressed as: ; ; ; ; in, This represents the total number of nodes in the node set of the reconstructed distribution network. This represents the set of candidate root nodes in the reconstructed distribution network; To indicate time Nodes in Is it an integer variable that is the root node? express Nodes in exist The root node is at time 1. express Nodes in exist It is not the root node at any given time; express Power distribution lines Virtual trends in the world; ② Maintenance model of power distribution lines: The power distribution line will remain disconnected until the preset maintenance time. ; ; in, Indicates power distribution lines Repair time;

[0046] S205: Based on the above constraints, the objective of this embodiment is to determine the optimal communication scheduling scheme so as to minimize the load reduction at the load recovery nodes of the distribution network after a natural disaster. The objective function is expressed as: ; Furthermore, based on the optimization objective function, as well as the communication constraints, power flow constraints, topology dynamic reconfiguration constraints, and maintenance constraints of the distribution network, a load recovery model is constructed, expressed as: ; st ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

[0047] By using a conventional mathematical solver to solve the load recovery model and obtain the optimal load recovery scheme, the distribution network is dynamically reconfigured to achieve load recovery.

[0048] This invention introduces a communication base station power consumption adjustment mechanism to dynamically configure the communication service range under backup battery power conditions, enabling communication capacity to match the actual needs of tie switch operations during post-disaster load recovery. On the one hand, improving communication coverage expands the controllable switch range and optimizes topology reconfiguration schemes; on the other hand, narrowing the service area extends the operating time of critical links and improves the stability of control links. This strategy effectively matches communication capacity scheduling with distribution network load recovery methods, improving system recovery efficiency under communication-constrained conditions.

[0049] See Figure 6 The diagram shown is a topology diagram of a power distribution network; this embodiment uses... Figure 6 Load restoration is performed in a 33-node distribution network topology consisting of two communication base stations. The remotely controlled tie switches of the communication base stations are shown in Table 1, and the repair times for faulty lines are shown in Table 2. The total system load power is 5.06 MW + 3.06 MVar, and the capacity of the distributed power source is 1 MVA.

[0050] Table 1. Communication Switches for Base Station Remote Control base station Interconnection switch BS1 L35, L36 BS2 L36, L37

[0051] Table 2 Repair time for faulty circuits Base station fault line Repair time / h L7 5 L22 7 L31 6

[0052] This embodiment sets up three scenarios for simulation: CASE1 without load restoration; CASE2 with only traditional load restoration; and CASE3 considering load restoration based on communication scheduling. The load reduction amounts for each scenario are shown in Table 3 after numerical simulation.

[0053] Table 3 Comparison of load loss and protection schemes in various scenarios Scene Reduced load / MWh CASE1 12.51 CASE2 9.06 CASE3 7.65

[0054] Comparing CASE1, CASE2, and CASE3, it is evident that the distribution network load restoration method considering communication scheduling proposed in this embodiment can effectively reduce the load reduction of the system under natural disasters, thereby effectively improving system resilience. This application introduces a power consumption adjustment mechanism for communication base stations within the traditional load restoration framework. It dynamically adjusts the power consumption level and service range of the communication base stations based on the backup battery's power supply capacity to ensure the controllability of the tie switch during topology reconfiguration and the accessibility of the tie switch's remote control operation in post-disaster scenarios. This achieves efficient physical-side restoration, thereby ensuring the power supply capacity of critical loads, reducing the load reduction of the system, and enhancing the overall efficiency of the post-disaster recovery process. Compared to existing restoration methods that assume the communication system is statically available, this scheme can adapt to communication capacity attenuation conditions, improving the flexibility and feasibility of the load restoration scheme.

[0055] The distribution network load restoration method described in this invention fully utilizes the communication scheduling potential of communication base stations when constructing distribution network communication constraints, actively scheduling and managing the communication resources of communication base stations. It also considers the impact of powering communication base stations with backup batteries after a disaster on their service capabilities, and introduces a power consumption adjustment mechanism for communication base stations. This mechanism dynamically adjusts the communication service range based on the backup battery's power supply capacity to ensure the controllability of tie switches during topology reconfiguration in the optimal load restoration scheme, guarantee the availability of control links, and achieve efficient physical-side restoration. This improves the load restoration capability of the distribution network in a post-disaster environment, reduces the load reduction amount of the power system, and improves the efficiency of distribution network post-disaster reconstruction. This application constructs dynamic topology reconfiguration constraints and maintenance constraints to ensure the rapid generation of a legal and valid topology after distribution network reconfiguration, avoiding restoration failure due to communication interruptions and ensuring the feasibility of load restoration. The optimization objective function constructed in this application aims to minimize the sum of load reductions. Combined with the communication constraints, power flow constraints, topology dynamic reconfiguration constraints, and maintenance constraints of the distribution network constructed in this application, constraints are imposed on communication base stations, backup batteries, and distribution lines. This achieves multi-objective collaborative optimization at the physical layer, communication layer, and decision layer, and solves a scheme that takes into account the scheduling of communication base stations. The scheme performs topology dynamic reconfiguration of the distribution network to restore the distribution network load, avoids control recovery failure caused by unreliable communication, and ensures the robustness of the power system.

[0056] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0057] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0058] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0059] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0060] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for restoring load in a power distribution network, characterized in that, Adjusting the service range of communication base stations operating on backup batteries after a disaster, and dynamically reconstructing the distribution network topology based on control command data packets sent by the communication base stations, including: Based on the data packets of control commands to be transmitted and the status of communication base stations and tie switches in the distribution network, communication constraints of the distribution network are constructed, including: Based on the bit length, bit error probability, noise bandwidth, and data transmission speed of the control instruction data packet, the minimum signal-to-noise ratio required for communication is obtained; Based on the distance between the communication base station and the handover switch, the signal transmission power of the communication base station, the signal reception power of the handover switch and the signal noise, a signal propagation constraint including signal power path loss, signal transmission power and reception power, and communication white noise is constructed. Based on the charging and discharging power, charging and discharging status, charging and discharging efficiency, capacity upper and lower limits and remaining capacity of the backup battery connected to the communication base station, a power consumption adjustment constraint for the communication base station powered by the backup battery is constructed. Based on the control state of the communication base station and management agency over the handover switch under the minimum signal-to-noise ratio required for communication, a control state constraint of the handover switch is constructed. Based on the Distflow power flow model, power flow constraints for the distribution network are constructed. To construct dynamic topology reconfiguration constraints, the distribution network topology is reconfigured to satisfy a radial configuration. Maintenance constraints are constructed based on the monotonicity of the power distribution line repair status and the time required for maintenance; The optimization objective function is constructed with the goal of minimizing the sum of load reductions at all nodes of the distribution network during load restoration. Based on the optimization objective function, as well as the communication constraints, power flow constraints, topology dynamic reconfiguration constraints, and maintenance constraints of the distribution network, a load recovery model is constructed. Solve the load recovery model to obtain the optimal load recovery scheme, and dynamically reconfigure the distribution network topology to achieve load recovery.

2. The distribution network load restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the bit length, bit error probability, noise bandwidth, and data transmission rate of the control command data packet, the minimum signal-to-noise ratio required for communication is obtained, including: Based on the bit length of the control instruction data packet With communication reliability Calculate the bit error probability , represented as: ; Based on noise bandwidth Data transmission speed Constructing the bit error probability and the minimum signal-to-noise ratio required for communication The relation is expressed as: ; in, This represents the right-tailed integral function of the standard Gaussian distribution.

3. The distribution network load restoration method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the distance between the communication base station and the handover switch, the signal transmission power of the communication base station, the signal reception power of the handover switch, and signal noise, a signal propagation constraint is constructed, including signal power path loss, signal transmission power and reception power, and communication white noise, including: Based on communication base stations With the handover switch physical distance between , computational communication base station With the handover switch Signal power path loss between , represented as: ;in, and To preset the energy loss coefficient, Represents a set of communication base stations. Represents a set of interconnecting switches; Based on communication base stations With the handover switch Signal power path loss between Obtain the signal transmission power of the communication base station Signal receiving power of the handover switch The relationship between them can be expressed as: ; Based on Boltzmann constant Kelvin temperature With signal bandwidth Calculate white noise in communication , represented as: ; Based on the signal transmission power of the communication base station Conversion factor with power consumption Measuring the power consumption of communication base stations , represented as: .

4. The distribution network load restoration method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the charging and discharging power, charging and discharging state, charging and discharging efficiency, capacity upper and lower limits, and remaining capacity of the backup battery connected to the communication base station, power consumption adjustment constraints for communication base stations powered by backup batteries are constructed, including: Based on the charging status of the backup battery With maximum charging power Limit the charging power of backup batteries , is represented as: ; This indicates that the backup battery is charging. This indicates that the backup battery is not charging. Based on the state of discharge of the backup battery With maximum discharge power Limit the discharge power of backup batteries , is represented as: ; This indicates that the backup battery is in a discharging state. This indicates that the backup battery is not discharging. The state of charge and state of discharge of the backup battery are constrained, as follows: ; Charging power and charging efficiency based on backup batteries Discharge power and discharge efficiency and in Remaining capacity at time step Calculation after After a period of time, The remaining capacity of the backup battery at all times , represented as: ; Based on the upper limit of backup battery capacity With lower capacity limit Constraining backup batteries Remaining capacity at time step , is represented as: .

5. The distribution network load restoration method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Based on the control states of the communication base station and management agency over the handover switch under the minimum signal-to-noise ratio required for communication, the controlled state constraints of the handover switch are constructed, including: When the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the transmitted signal from any communication base station meets the minimum SNR required for communication by the handshake switch, the handshake switch is controllable, as expressed as: ； Based on the operating status of the communication base station and the control status of the tie switch it controls, the control status of the tie switch relative to the distribution network management agency is constrained, as follows: ； in, and These are the preset maximum and minimum positive numbers, respectively; To indicate Real-time communication switch Compared to communication base stations Integer variables for control state, express Real-time communication switch Affected by communication base stations control, express Real-time communication switch Unaffected by communication base stations control; To indicate a communication base station Integer variables representing the running state. Indicates communication base station Normal operation Indicates communication base station Damaged; To indicate Real-time communication switch Compared to the integer variables of the control state of the distribution network management agency, express Real-time communication switch Controlled by the power distribution network management agency express Real-time communication switch It is not under the control of the power distribution network management agency.

6. The distribution network load restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the Distflow power flow model, power flow constraints for the distribution network are constructed, including: The active power balance constraint is constructed by subtracting resistive losses from the active power flowing through the line, which equals the active power flowing out of the node plus the active power input of the distributed generation minus the active load demand. This constraint is expressed as: ； The reactive power balance constraint is constructed by subtracting reactance losses from the reactive power flowing through the line, which equals the reactive power flowing out of the node plus the reactive power input of distributed generation minus the reactive load demand. This constraint is expressed as: ； Based on the voltage square difference of the distribution network and the active and reactive power flows of the distribution lines, a voltage drop constraint for the distribution lines is constructed, expressed as: ； Constraints are applied to the active and reactive power of the main distribution network, expressed as follows: , ; Based on the impact of the on / off state of power distribution lines on power flow, a capacity constraint for power distribution lines is constructed, expressed as: , ; Based on the upper and lower limits of voltage amplitude, the voltage amplitude of the node is constrained, as follows: ; To ensure that the node's power reduction does not exceed its normal load, a node load constraint is constructed, which is expressed as: , ; in, Represents a collection of power distribution lines. This represents the parent-line correlation matrix in a distribution network. This represents the correlation matrix between sub-nodes and lines in a distribution network. express Power distribution lines active power, Indicates power distribution lines The resistance, express Power distribution lines The square of the current; This represents the node association matrix of the main distribution network. This represents the active power of the main distribution network. Represents a collection of distributed power sources. The correlation matrix representing distributed power sources, express Distributed power sources at nodes Those who have made meritorious contributions; Represents the set of nodes in the distribution network. express time The typical active load of a node, express time Reduce the active power load of nodes; express Power distribution lines reactive power, Indicates power distribution lines Reactance, This represents the reactive power of the main distribution network. express Distributed power sources at nodes Unproductive efforts express time The node's normal reactive load, express time Reactive load reduction at nodes; Represents a node exist The square of the voltage amplitude at time . Indicates power distribution lines impedance; and These represent the upper and lower limits of the active power provided by the main grid, respectively. and These represent the upper and lower limits of reactive power provided by the main grid, respectively. and They represent power distribution lines. Upper and lower limits of active power capacity; To indicate Power distribution lines Integer variables representing on / off states, express Power distribution lines normal, express Power distribution lines disconnect; and They represent power distribution lines. Upper and lower limits of reactive power capacity; and These represent the upper and lower limits of the voltage amplitude, respectively. Represents a node The voltage amplitude.

7. The distribution network load restoration method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Ignoring the impact of distribution network losses on power flow, update: The active power balance constraint at a node is expressed as: ; The reactive power balance constraint at a node is expressed as: ; Voltage drop constraint, expressed as: ; in, Represents the set of parent nodes. This represents the set of child nodes.

8. The distribution network load restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, To reconfigure the distribution network topology to satisfy a radial pattern, dynamic topology reconfiguration constraints are constructed, including: Taking the restructured distribution network as a radial network, the constraint on the number of distribution lines is expressed as follows: ; The virtual power flow equilibrium constraint is constructed as follows: ; The root node selection constraint is constructed as follows: ; The virtual power flow and on / off state correlation constraints of the power distribution line are constructed as follows: ; in, Represents a collection of power distribution lines. To indicate Power distribution lines Integer variables representing on / off states, express Power distribution lines normal, express Power distribution lines disconnect; This represents the total number of nodes in the node set of the reconstructed distribution network. This represents the set of candidate root nodes in the reconstructed distribution network; To indicate time Nodes in Is it an integer variable that is the root node? express Nodes in exist The root node is at time 1. express Nodes in exist It is not the root node at any given time; This represents the parent-line correlation matrix in a distribution network. This represents the correlation matrix between sub-nodes and lines in a distribution network. express Power distribution lines Virtual trends in the world It is a pre-defined maximum positive number.

9. The distribution network load restoration method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Maintenance constraints are constructed based on the monotonicity of the power distribution line repair status and the time required for maintenance, including: constraint Power distribution lines On / off state and Power distribution lines On / off state It exhibits monotonicity, represented as: ; The constraint that each distribution line in a power distribution network must undergo its corresponding maintenance time before returning to normal operation is represented as follows: ; in, Represents a collection of power distribution lines. Indicates power distribution lines The time required for repairs.

10. The distribution network load restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optimization objective is to minimize the sum of load reductions at all nodes in the distribution network during load restoration. The objective function is then constructed as follows: ； in, express time Reduce the active power load of nodes. This represents the set of nodes in the distribution network.

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