Primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted switch self-adaptive energy supply system and method

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted switch self-adaptive energy supply system and method, and relates to the technical field of intelligent power distribution network equipment. The system comprises a capacitor electricity taking module located on the primary side of the primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted switch, and a super capacitor, a power management module, a storage battery, an energy management control unit and a DC-DC circuit which are located on the secondary side of the primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted switch. Dynamic coordination of two energy storage elements, namely a super capacitor and a storage battery, in a steady-state low-power-consumption monitoring and transient-state high-power driving scene is realized, energy distribution optimization, closed-loop charging guarantee and abnormal fault-tolerant design are combined, and the problems of high steady-state power consumption and insufficient transient-state driving capability existing in a traditional primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted switch power supply scheme are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of intelligent power distribution network equipment technology, specifically, a primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch adaptive power supply system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, with the development of smart grids and distribution network automation, the requirements for power supply reliability, low power consumption, and long lifespan of equipment such as primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switches are becoming increasingly stringent. Traditional power supply solutions often use a single capacitor or battery, which has the following problems: 1. High steady-state power consumption: In continuous operation mode, the high-power energy harvesting elements suffer significant power loss over long periods; 2. Insufficient transient energy: Switch opening and closing require a large current drive, and single-capacitor power supply may fail due to insufficient capacity. Therefore, traditional power supply solutions suffer from high steady-state power consumption and insufficient transient drive capability. In complex outdoor environments, batteries are susceptible to temperature effects and have a short lifespan, while supercapacitors, although having a long cycle life, suffer from significant self-discharge losses during continuous operation, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the needs of low-power monitoring and high-power opening and closing.

[0003] Furthermore, existing capacitor energy storage systems often employ a fixed capacity design, failing to dynamically adjust the power supply mode according to load demand. This results in low energy utilization and potential switching failures due to insufficient energy during sudden high current surges. With the accelerating trend towards IoT-based distribution networks, equipment requires long-term maintenance-free operation. Therefore, a novel power supply solution is urgently needed that can adaptively switch between high and low power consumption modes, while also offering high reliability and long lifespan. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This specification provides an adaptive power supply system and method for a primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch, which addresses the problems of high steady-state power consumption and insufficient transient drive capability in traditional primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch power supply schemes. To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this specification is as follows: In one aspect, this specification provides a primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch adaptive power supply system, which includes: The capacitor power extraction module located on the primary side of the primary and secondary fusion pillar switch, and the supercapacitor, power management module, battery, energy management control unit, and DC-DC circuit located on the secondary side of the primary and secondary fusion pillar switch. The capacitor power extraction module includes a high-voltage voltage divider capacitor and an isolation protection unit, which is used to extract energy from the line. Part of it supplies power to the monitoring circuit in capacitor power supply mode, and the other part charges the battery and supercapacitor. The energy management and control unit is used to identify faults based on the three-phase voltage, three-phase current and output power of the capacitor power extraction module of the primary circuit of the primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch, and output the fault identification results. The power management module includes a power management circuit, which is used to determine the power supply mode based on the fault identification result and the output power of the capacitor power supply module, and control the capacitor power supply module, supercapacitor and battery to supply power respectively; the power supply mode includes capacitor power supply mode, battery power supply mode and fault mode. Supercapacitors are used in parallel with batteries to output current to DC-DC circuits in fault mode. The battery is used to power the monitoring circuit in battery-powered mode; in fault mode, it is connected in parallel with the supercapacitor to output current to the DC-DC circuit. The DC-DC circuit is used to superimpose the current output from the supercapacitor and the battery in fault mode to power the tripping / closing drive mechanism and the communication module.

[0005] On the other hand, this specification provides a method for adaptive power supply of a primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch, the method comprising: Step 102: Based on the three-phase voltage and three-phase current of the primary circuit of the primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch, perform fault identification and output the fault identification results; Step 104: Based on the fault identification results and the output power of the capacitor power supply module, determine the power supply mode and control the capacitor power supply module, supercapacitor and battery to supply power respectively; the power supply mode includes capacitor power supply mode, battery power supply mode and fault mode. Step 106: The capacitor power module draws power from the line, part of which powers the monitoring circuit in capacitor power supply mode, and the other part charges the battery and supercapacitor. Step 108: In fault mode, the supercapacitor is connected in parallel with the battery to output current to the DC-DC circuit; Step 110: In battery power mode, the battery supplies power to the monitoring circuit; in fault mode, it is connected in parallel with the supercapacitor to output current to the DC-DC circuit. Step 112: In fault mode, the DC-DC circuit superimposes the current output from the supercapacitor and the battery to power the tripping / closing drive mechanism and the communication module.

[0006] Based on the above technical solution, this specification can achieve the following technical effects: This system is a power supply system consisting of a supercapacitor and a battery connected in parallel, and an adaptive control strategy based on dynamic matching of operating conditions. Through the decision algorithm of the energy management control unit, the two energy storage components are dynamically coordinated in steady-state low power consumption monitoring and transient high power drive scenarios. Combined with energy distribution optimization, closed-loop charging guarantee and fault tolerance design, it solves the contradiction between power consumption, transient response and reliability of traditional single energy storage components. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch adaptive power supply system, as shown in one embodiment of this specification.

[0008] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the charging process of an adaptive power supply system for a primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch, as shown in one embodiment of this specification.

[0009] Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating an embodiment of an adaptive power supply method for a primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch.

[0010] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the power supply mode decision-making process of one embodiment of this specification.

[0011] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the transient operation mode of one embodiment of this specification. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments in this specification, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some examples or embodiments of this specification. For those skilled in the art, these drawings can be applied to other similar scenarios without creative effort. Unless obvious from the context or otherwise specified, the same reference numerals in the drawings represent the same structures or operations.

[0013] It should be understood that the terms "system," "device," "unit," and / or "module" as used in this specification are a method of distinguishing different components, elements, parts, sections, or assemblies at different levels. However, if other terms can achieve the same purpose, they may be replaced by other expressions.

[0014] As indicated in this specification and claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the words "a," "an," "an," and / or "the" do not specifically refer to the singular and may also include the plural. Generally speaking, the terms "comprising" and "including" only indicate the inclusion of expressly identified steps and elements, which do not constitute an exclusive list, and the method or apparatus may also include other steps or elements.

[0015] Flowcharts are used in this specification to illustrate the operations performed by the system according to embodiments of this specification. It should be understood that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed in exact order. Instead, the steps can be processed in reverse order or simultaneously. Furthermore, other operations can be added to these processes, or one or more steps can be removed from them.

[0016] Example 1 Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch adaptive power supply system provided in this embodiment. The system includes: The capacitor power extraction module located on the primary side of the primary and secondary fusion pillar switch, and the supercapacitor, power management module, battery, energy management control unit, and DC-DC circuit located on the secondary side of the primary and secondary fusion pillar switch. The capacitor power extraction module includes a high-voltage voltage divider capacitor and an isolation protection unit, which is used to extract energy from the line. Part of it supplies power to the monitoring circuit in capacitor power supply mode, and the other part charges the battery and supercapacitor. The energy management and control unit is used to identify faults based on the three-phase voltage, three-phase current and output power of the capacitor power extraction module of the primary circuit of the primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch, and output the fault identification results. The power management module includes a power management circuit, which is used to determine the power supply mode based on the fault identification result and the output power of the capacitor power supply module, and control the capacitor power supply module, supercapacitor and battery to supply power respectively; the power supply mode includes capacitor power supply mode, battery power supply mode and fault mode. Supercapacitors are used in parallel with batteries to output current to DC-DC circuits in fault mode. The battery is used to power the monitoring circuit in battery-powered mode; in fault mode, it is connected in parallel with the supercapacitor to output current to the DC-DC circuit. The DC-DC circuit is used to superimpose the current output from the supercapacitor and the battery in fault mode to power the tripping / closing drive mechanism and the communication module.

[0017] Specifically, when the pole-mounted switch is in steady-state monitoring mode without any operating commands, it only performs status monitoring tasks such as line current and voltage, resulting in extremely low system power consumption. In this mode, the control strategy prioritizes low-power operation and energy storage. The algorithm simultaneously disconnects the main discharge circuit of the supercapacitor and the discharge branch of the battery. The supercapacitor retains only a microampere-level float charge branch to maintain a low self-discharge state, while the battery is completely de-energized and idle, fundamentally eliminating static losses. In this mode, the power supply for the monitoring circuits (such as the MCU and sensors) is directly provided by the capacitor power module. The capacitor power module continuously draws power from the line, which, after processing by the isolation protection unit and power management module, outputs a stable voltage to power the monitoring circuits, ensuring normal sampling and communication functions. In terms of energy replenishment, the capacitor power extraction module follows the charging logic of prioritizing the battery and reserving the supercapacitor. When the battery charge (calculated by voltage sampling) is below 80%, all the energy from the power extraction module is used to replenish the battery through the charging circuit. When the battery charge reaches 100%, the excess energy is used to replenish the supercapacitor through the constant current charging circuit until the supercapacitor voltage reaches the rated value, thus avoiding losses caused by overcharging.

[0018] When the pole-mounted switch receives the opening and closing command, it needs to output high power to drive the operating mechanism instantly. The power management module receives the operating command through the hardware interrupt interface, and the system automatically switches to transient operation mode. The algorithm first drives the PWM-controlled semiconductor switching device in the supercapacitor discharge circuit to quickly switch it from the off state to the on-ready state. At the same time, the Boost topology pre-boost circuit is started to raise the supercapacitor output voltage to the voltage value required by the operating mechanism. The switching device (relay contact) in the battery discharge circuit is triggered synchronously, and the battery output voltage is synchronously boosted from the rated value to the voltage value required by the operating mechanism through another Boost circuit. Real-time voltage sampling ensures that the voltage difference between the two is ≤0.5V to avoid circulating current loss caused by voltage inconsistency when connected in parallel.

[0019] The power superposition of the supercapacitor and battery employs dynamic allocation logic. The algorithm leverages the high power density of the supercapacitor and the energy stability of the battery, with a preset base power allocation ratio of 80% for the supercapacitor and 20% for the battery. The supercapacitor outputs 24W, and the battery outputs 6W; the current is superimposed through a common-mode inductor (to suppress ripple). If real-time monitoring detects that the total power is lower than the required value (e.g., due to component aging or low-temperature degradation leading to lower actual output power), insufficient to drive the operating mechanism, the algorithm will increase the supercapacitor's discharge duty cycle by adjusting the PWM signal. This prolongs the conduction time of the switching devices, increasing the average current released by the supercapacitor to the operating mechanism, and consequently increasing the output power. Using a 20kHz high-frequency PWM signal to drive the supercapacitor switching devices allows for smooth power adjustment. The system continuously monitors the operating mechanism's status; if the power is still insufficient, the duty cycle is further increased. By combining the output power of supercapacitors and batteries, a large amount of electrical energy can be released instantly to meet the needs of the operating mechanism. This is sufficient to meet the instantaneous high power requirements of the operating mechanism when opening or closing the circuit breaker, ensuring that the operating mechanism can complete the action quickly, accurately, and reliably within milliseconds. This solves the problems of operation delay or failure to operate caused by insufficient power.

[0020] After the operating mechanism completes the opening and closing action, its built-in position sensor outputs a valid signal to send a command to the power management module indicating that the action has been completed. The algorithm immediately starts the recovery process, the system exits the transient mode, disconnects the discharge circuit between the supercapacitor and the battery, switches back to the steady-state monitoring mode, and waits for the next command.

[0021] In this embodiment, the supercapacitor has a built-in voltage monitoring module and a clock module to ensure timely charging of the supercapacitor.

[0022] Specifically, after prolonged discharge, or due to its own slight self-discharge, the voltage of a supercapacitor gradually decreases, and its output power drops significantly. If the operating mechanism needs to operate at this time, it may not be able to obtain sufficient driving force. To ensure that the supercapacitor can continuously and stably perform its core functions of energy storage and release, and to address situations where conventional charging may not be sufficient, such as persistently low line voltage, limited energy from the capacitor's power extraction module, or the battery never reaching 100% charge, preventing conventional charging from triggering, the supercapacitor may gradually deplete due to self-discharge, or the voltage monitoring module may malfunction and fail to detect the supercapacitor's voltage level in time. Therefore, a dual protection mechanism is implemented to ensure sufficient supercapacitor charge. In such cases, through forced triggering conditions, charging will begin during the non-operational phase of the switch, regardless of the battery's charge level, ensuring that the supercapacitor does not remain depleted for extended periods due to special circumstances.

[0023] In this embodiment, the charging process is as follows: Figure 2As shown. The dual protection mechanism adopted by this system is as follows: The first layer of protection comes from a voltage monitoring module equipped with the supercapacitor. This module accurately monitors the supercapacitor's voltage in real time. When the voltage drops to 70% of the set value, the monitoring module detects this change and immediately sends a charging signal to the power management module. Upon receiving the signal, the power management module quickly performs energy scheduling. During the idle phase when the switch is not in operation, it continuously and stably injects excess energy from the circuit obtained by the capacitor power supply module into the supercapacitor for energy storage. The entire charging process continues until the supercapacitor's voltage rises back to the corresponding set value of 100%, after which the charging process automatically stops. This mechanism ensures sufficient energy for the supercapacitor and effectively avoids damage caused by overcharging, extending its service life.

[0024] The second layer of protection comes from a highly stable clock module in the supercapacitor, which starts timing from the moment the supercapacitor's last charge ended. If, within 24 hours of the timing starting, the supercapacitor fails to receive any charging commands due to unforeseen circumstances such as a voltage monitoring module malfunction, the clock module will automatically send a trigger signal to the power management module, forcibly initiating the charging process. During the non-operational phase of the switch, the capacitor power extraction module injects excess electrical energy into the supercapacitor, replenishing its energy in a timely manner. This timing mechanism serves as an effective backup for the voltage monitoring module, ensuring that the supercapacitor is still charged promptly even if the voltage monitoring module fails, preventing it from being in a low-charge state for an extended period and affecting its energy output at critical moments.

[0025] In this embodiment, to address the extreme operating conditions faced by outdoor pole-mounted switches, such as low temperatures, high temperatures, and component aging, the reliability of the power supply system in complex environments is ensured through the synergy of hardware circuitry and intelligent algorithms. The status monitoring module integrates a high-precision digital temperature sensor, which collects ambient temperature and the temperature of the energy storage components (supercapacitor / battery surface temperature) in real time at a frequency of 1Hz, and dynamically adjusts the charging and discharging strategy based on the temperature range.

[0026] The specific dynamic adjustment of the charging and discharging strategy is as follows: First, the maximum duty cycle Dmax of the output PWM signal is dynamically adjusted based on the supercapacitor temperature. At room temperature (25℃), Dmax = 90%. When the temperature is ≥50℃, Dmax decreases by 5% for every 5℃ increase in temperature (e.g., Dmax = 70% at 55℃) to avoid overheating of the device. The minimum duty cycle Dmin is not less than 30% to prevent excessive ripple caused by frequent switching of the switching device and to ensure the stability of the output current.

[0027] When the battery body temperature is detected to be <-10℃, the power management module immediately activates the low-power heating element to locally raise the temperature through the flexible heating layer that is in close contact with the battery casing.

[0028] At low temperatures, the ion migration rate of the electrolyte in a supercapacitor decreases, and the capacity drops sharply as the temperature decreases. The algorithm automatically increases the discharge cutoff voltage of the supercapacitor from the conventional 70% of the rated value to 80%, reducing irreversible capacity loss at low temperatures through shallow charging and discharging.

[0029] When the ambient temperature is ≥40℃, the algorithm reduces the maximum charging current of the battery and reduces the charging cut-off voltage from 100% of the rated value to 95%, thereby reducing side reactions at high temperatures. If the surface temperature of the supercapacitor is detected to be ≥60℃, charging will be immediately suspended and the capacitor will be allowed to cool down naturally through the heat dissipation fins on the casing. Charging will resume when the temperature drops below 50℃.

[0030] These control strategies and algorithms can be implemented using the STM32L476 low-power MCU. Through mode-based dynamic regulation, intelligent power allocation, and dual energy protection, they achieve dynamic switching between low-power monitoring and high-power output, solving the problems of high steady-state power consumption and insufficient transient power in traditional power supply solutions. At the same time, the fault-tolerant design improves outdoor reliability, providing core support for the long-term maintenance-free operation of smart distribution network equipment.

[0031] Based on this, the system has the following beneficial effects: (1) This system adds a battery and supercapacitor in parallel to the traditional primary and secondary integrated column switching capacitor voltage divider power supply. Taking advantage of the high power density and fast charging and discharging characteristics of supercapacitor, the output power of the two is superimposed when the operating mechanism is activated, and the large power required is released instantly, breaking through the power bottleneck of the traditional capacitor power supply module and ensuring fast and reliable operation of the switch.

[0032] (2) The capacitor power supply module of this system draws energy from the line through the high voltage divider capacitor, and the high and low voltage are isolated by the isolation protection unit. After rectification, filtering and voltage regulation by the power management module, part of it supplies power to the basic monitoring circuit, and the other part charges the battery and supercapacitor, forming a stable energy supply chain.

[0033] (3) The system is equipped with a voltage monitoring module and a clock module to provide dual protection. When the voltage of the supercapacitor drops to 70% of its capacity, or when it has not been charged for 24 hours since the last charge, the power management module is triggered to charge the supercapacitor to 100% during the non-operation phase of the switch. This avoids overcharging and over-discharging, and also prevents insufficient energy storage caused by monitoring module failure, ensuring that the supercapacitor can provide sufficient power at any time.

[0034] (4) By combining hardware and software, the adaptive control capability under extreme conditions is improved. The algorithm protects the energy storage system from low temperature and high temperature, reduces capacity decay caused by side reactions, and ensures the reliability of the energy supply system in complex environments.

[0035] Example 2 refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating an adaptive power supply method for a primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch provided in this embodiment. The method includes: Step 102: Based on the three-phase voltage and three-phase current of the primary circuit of the primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch, perform fault identification and output the fault identification results; In this embodiment, one implementation of step 102 is as follows: Step 202: Based on the voltage transformer and current transformer built into the primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch, continuously collect the three-phase voltage and three-phase current of the primary line. Specifically, the voltage and power transformers built into the primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switches continuously collect the three-phase voltage U and current I of the primary line, as well as... Figure 1 The output power Pc1 of the capacitor-driven power module. The above signal is transmitted to the energy management control unit. The energy management control unit is powered by... Figure 1 The power supply function shown is to ensure normal operation.

[0036] Step 204: Input the three-phase voltage and three-phase current into each identification algorithm in parallel to identify the fault and obtain the identification results of each identification algorithm; Step 206: Based on the recognition results of each recognition algorithm, generate the fault recognition result.

[0037] In this embodiment, the recognition algorithms include: The overvoltage and overcurrent identification algorithm is used to calculate the effective values ​​of three-phase voltage and three-phase current. The effective values ​​of voltage and current are compared with voltage thresholds and current thresholds, respectively. If the effective value of voltage is within the preset range of the voltage threshold and the effective value of current is less than the current threshold, the overvoltage and overcurrent identification results are judged to be normal; otherwise, the overvoltage and overcurrent identification results are judged to be abnormal. The current mutation identification algorithm is used to monitor the rise rate of the instantaneous value of the three-phase current. If the rise rate is less than the preset rise rate threshold, the current mutation identification result is determined to be normal; otherwise, the current mutation identification result is determined to be abnormal. The zero-sequence current identification algorithm is used to obtain the zero-sequence current value by calculating the vector sum of the three-phase currents. If the zero-sequence current value is less than the preset zero-sequence current threshold, the zero-sequence current identification result is determined to be normal; otherwise, the zero-sequence current identification result is determined to be abnormal. The voltage drop identification algorithm is used to monitor the effective value of the three-phase voltage. If the effective voltage value is less than the preset voltage rating and the duration exceeds the preset time threshold, the voltage drop identification result is determined to be abnormal; otherwise, the voltage drop identification result is determined to be normal.

[0038] Specifically, the energy management control unit executes line fault identification algorithms in parallel, including but not limited to: Overvoltage and overcurrent detection: Calculate the effective values ​​of three-phase voltage and current and compare them with the set thresholds. If the voltage is between 90% and 110% of the line's rated value, and the current is less than 80% of the corresponding line transformer's rated current, it is considered normal. Current surge di / dt judgment: Monitor the rate of rise of the instantaneous current value to identify sudden surge current. If di / dt < 80A / ms (the threshold can be adjusted according to the actual line conditions), it is judged as normal; otherwise, it is considered abnormal.

[0039] Zero-sequence current determination: By analyzing the magnitude of the zero-sequence current through the vector sum of the three-phase currents, ground faults can be identified (the threshold is set to 5A, and the threshold can be adjusted according to the actual line conditions).

[0040] Voltage drop detection: Monitor whether the effective voltage value drops suddenly (determine if U < 90% of the rated value and the duration exceeds 10ms).

[0041] In this embodiment, the fault identification result consists of a fault identification signal F_flag and a severity level (Level); In this embodiment, generating fault identification results based on the identification results of each identification algorithm includes: The number of cases identified as anomalous is used as the severity level; the higher the value, the higher the severity level. The fault identification results include: F_flag = 0: Normal operating status; F_flag = 1: Minor abnormal conditions; such as load shock faults; F_flag ≥ 2: Fault status; such as phase-to-phase short circuit, high-resistance grounding, etc.

[0042] Step 104: Based on the fault identification results and the output power of the capacitor power supply module, determine the power supply mode and control the capacitor power supply module, supercapacitor and battery to supply power respectively; the power supply mode includes capacitor power supply mode, battery power supply mode and fault mode. In this embodiment, reference Figure 4 One way to implement step 104 is as follows: Step 302: When the fault identification result is F_flag = 0 and the output power of the capacitor power supply module is greater than or equal to the preset output power threshold, the power supply mode is determined to be capacitor power supply mode. Step 304: When the fault identification result is F_flag = 1 or the output power of the capacitor power module is less than the preset output power threshold, the power supply mode is determined to be battery power supply mode. Step 306: When the fault identification result is F_flag ≥ 2, the power supply mode is determined to be a fault mode.

[0043] Step 106: The capacitor power module draws power from the line, part of which powers the monitoring circuit in capacitor power supply mode, and the other part charges the battery and supercapacitor. In this embodiment, when the power supply mode is capacitor power supply mode, the primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted switch is in a steady-state monitoring mode without operation commands. Only the monitoring circuit is turned on to perform the status monitoring tasks of line current and voltage. The power management module simultaneously disconnects the main discharge circuit of the supercapacitor from the discharge branch of the battery. The supercapacitor retains only the microampere-level float charge branch to maintain a low self-discharge state, while the battery is completely de-energized and idle. In capacitor power supply mode, the working power supply of the monitoring circuit is directly undertaken by the capacitor power extraction module. The capacitor power extraction module continuously draws energy from the line, and after processing by the isolation protection unit and the power management module, it outputs a stable voltage to power the monitoring circuit, ensuring normal sampling and communication functions.

[0044] Specifically, Mode 1: Capacitor-based main supply mode.

[0045] When F_flag = 0 is detected and the output power of Pc1 is not less than 5W, it indicates that the pole-mounted switch is in a steady-state monitoring mode without any operating instructions, only performing status monitoring tasks such as line current and voltage, and the system's power consumption requirements are extremely low. At this time, the control strategy prioritizes low-power operation and energy storage. The algorithm simultaneously disconnects the main discharge circuit of the supercapacitor and the discharge branch of the battery. The supercapacitor retains only a microampere-level float charge branch to maintain a low self-discharge state, while the battery is completely de-energized and idle, fundamentally eliminating static losses. In this mode, the power supply for the monitoring circuits (such as the MCU and sensors) is directly provided by the capacitor power module. The capacitor power module continuously draws power from the line, and after processing by the isolation protection unit and power management module, outputs a stable voltage to power the monitoring circuits, ensuring normal sampling and communication functions.

[0046] In terms of energy replenishment, the capacitor power extraction module follows the charging logic of prioritizing the battery and reserving the supercapacitor. When the battery charge (calculated by voltage sampling) is below 80%, all the energy from the power extraction module is used to replenish the battery through the charging circuit. When the battery charge reaches 100%, the excess energy is used to replenish the supercapacitor through the constant current charging circuit until the supercapacitor voltage reaches the rated value, thus avoiding losses caused by overcharging.

[0047] Step 108: In fault mode, the supercapacitor is connected in parallel with the battery to output current to the DC-DC circuit; Step 110: In battery power mode, the battery supplies power to the monitoring circuit; in fault mode, it is connected in parallel with the supercapacitor to output current to the DC-DC circuit. Step 112: In fault mode, the DC-DC circuit superimposes the current output from the supercapacitor and the battery to power the tripping / closing drive mechanism and the communication module.

[0048] Specifically, mode two: battery powered mode.

[0049] When F_flag = 1 is detected, or the output power of Pc1 is less than 5W, an abnormal situation such as power loss or load surge is determined. The control power switching circuit cuts off the input of the external power module and switches to battery power for the system, ensuring the completion of critical functions such as fault reporting and opening / closing operation commands. When the fault identification algorithm outputs F_flag = 1 (minor abnormality), the algorithm escort mode is activated. The control unit anticipates a possible fault and increases the sampling rate of voltage and current signals from 2kHz to 2MHz, increasing the computational intensity of the fault identification algorithm and putting the system in a "ready" state to prepare energy for a possible sudden shift to Mode 3, reducing the response delay of mode switching.

[0050] Specifically, Mode 3: Failure Mode (Hybrid Power Supply + Battery Priority) 1. Startup conditions: This mode is started immediately when the fault identification algorithm outputs F_flag >= 2 (that is, a serious fault is confirmed).

[0051] 2. Perform the action: 2.1 Energy Convergence: The control battery management circuit commands the battery and supercapacitor to switch from charging mode to high-current discharge mode, connecting in parallel with the front-end capacitor power extraction system to form a "power pool" with maximum power. 2.2 Determine the power supply target: Prioritize supplying all available energy to the tripping / closing drive mechanism and the 4G / 5G communication module to ensure that the switch can reliably operate to isolate the fault and upload the fault information to the main station as soon as possible. Other non-essential loads can be temporarily power-limited.

[0052] 3. Operation Flow: When the pole-mounted switch receives the opening and closing command, it needs to output high power to drive the operating mechanism instantaneously. The power management module receives the operation command through the hardware interrupt interface, and the system automatically switches to transient operation mode. The algorithm first drives the PWM-controlled semiconductor switching device in the supercapacitor discharge circuit. The PWM signal (20kHz) generated by the MCU is transmitted to the gate of the semiconductor switching device through the gate drive circuit. At the same time, the Boost topology pre-boost circuit is started to raise the supercapacitor output voltage to the voltage value required by the operating mechanism; the switching device (relay contact) in the battery discharge circuit is triggered synchronously, and the battery output voltage is synchronously boosted from the rated value to the voltage value required by the operating mechanism through another Boost circuit. Real-time voltage sampling ensures that the voltage difference between the two is ≤0.5V to avoid circulating current loss caused by voltage inconsistency when connected in parallel.

[0053] In this embodiment, the output voltage of the Boost circuit needs to be stabilized at the value required by the operating mechanism. The voltage monitoring module collects the actual output voltage of the Boost circuit in real time. When the fluctuation of the Boost output voltage exceeds ±2%, the MCU synchronously corrects the duty cycle, increasing it when the voltage is too low and decreasing it when the voltage is too high, to ensure that the result of power = voltage × current is accurate.

[0054] The duty cycle refers to the ratio of the duration of the high level of the PWM signal within one cycle to the total time of the cycle. For example, the period of a 20kHz PWM signal is 50μs. A "high level" in the PWM signal corresponds to the turn-on command of the switching device, and a "low level" corresponds to the turn-off command. When the switching device is in the on state, the supercapacitor is connected to the discharge circuit of the operating mechanism, allowing current to be released. When the switching device is in the off state, the discharge circuit is disconnected, and the discharge process pauses. The current released by the supercapacitor to the operating mechanism per unit time is its average current.

[0055] The power superposition of the supercapacitor and battery employs dynamic allocation logic. The algorithm leverages the high power density of the supercapacitor and the energy stability of the battery, with a preset base power allocation ratio of 80% for the supercapacitor and 20% for the battery. The supercapacitor outputs 24W, and the battery outputs 6W; the current is superimposed through a common-mode inductor (to suppress ripple). If real-time monitoring detects that the total power is lower than the required value (e.g., due to component aging or low-temperature degradation leading to lower actual output power), insufficient to drive the operating mechanism, the MCU extends the high-level duration and shortens the low-level duration through an algorithm. In this case, the on-time of the switching devices is extended, and the off-time is shortened. Extending the conduction time of the switching devices directly increases the cumulative time for the supercapacitor to release current to the operating mechanism per unit time. Since the average discharge current is positively correlated with the duty cycle (i.e., average current = peak current × duty cycle), the average current increases with the increase of the duty cycle. Furthermore, because the output power of the supercapacitor equals the product of its output voltage and average discharge current (i.e., output power = voltage × average current), the increase in average current inevitably leads to an increase in output power, ultimately effectively compensating for insufficient power during transient operations. Using a 20kHz high-frequency PWM signal to drive the supercapacitor switching devices enables smooth power regulation. The system collects the operating mechanism's operating status in real time; if the power is still insufficient, the duty cycle is further increased by 10% each time. By superimposing the output power of the supercapacitor and the battery, a large amount of electrical energy can be released instantaneously to meet the operating mechanism's instantaneous high-power requirements during opening or closing operations. This ensures that the operating mechanism can complete its actions quickly, accurately, and reliably within milliseconds, solving problems such as operation delays or failure to operate caused by insufficient power.

[0056] After the operating mechanism completes the opening and closing action, its built-in position sensor outputs a valid signal, feeding back the action completion command to the power management module. The algorithm immediately starts the recovery process, the system exits transient mode, the MCU immediately reduces the duty cycle to 0%, stops the PWM signal output, the semiconductor switching devices are in the off state, the discharge circuit between the supercapacitor and the battery is disconnected, and it switches back to steady-state monitoring mode, waiting for the next command. The transient operation mode process is as follows: Figure 5 As shown.

[0057] Based on this, the method has the following beneficial effects: 1. Power superposition achieved by parallel connection of supercapacitors This method adds a parallel structure of a battery and a supercapacitor to the traditional primary and secondary integrated column-mounted switched capacitor voltage divider power supply. Utilizing the high power density and rapid charging / discharging characteristics of supercapacitors, the output power of both is superimposed during operating mechanism operation, instantly releasing a large amount of power to meet demand. This overcomes the power bottleneck of traditional capacitor-powered modules, ensuring rapid and reliable switch operation. This collaborative working mode of continuous energy extraction and instantaneous energy release, through the parallel structure of the battery and supercapacitor, fundamentally achieves instantaneous high-power output, fully utilizing the high-efficiency energy storage characteristics of supercapacitors and compensating for the insufficient instantaneous power of batteries. The rated output power is increased from 5W of a single capacitor-powered module to 30W, providing sufficient driving force when the operating mechanism needs to operate. Furthermore, in steady-state mode, this method simultaneously disconnects the discharge branches of both the supercapacitor and the battery, retaining only the microampere-level float charging circuit. This keeps the supercapacitor's self-discharge current at the microampere level, reduces the battery's static power consumption to near zero, and allows the monitoring circuit to be directly powered by the capacitor-powered module, significantly reducing the system's static power consumption.

[0058] 2. Dual power supply energy acquisition logic The capacitor power module draws power from the line through a high-voltage voltage divider capacitor. The high and low voltages are isolated by the isolation protection unit. After rectification, filtering and voltage regulation by the power management module, part of the power is used to power the basic monitoring circuit, and the other part is used to charge the battery and supercapacitor, forming a stable energy supply chain.

[0059] 3. It integrates a line fault identification algorithm, which can quickly determine fault types such as short circuits and grounding. This algorithm is not only used for distribution automation functions, but its output signal also serves as a trigger condition for the hybrid supplementary mode, ensuring sufficient energy is provided at critical moments in fault handling.

[0060] 4. Core Design: Dynamic Power Distribution of Pole-Mounted Switch in Transient Operation Mode The algorithm, through a closed-loop logic of basic proportional allocation and high-frequency PWM dynamic compensation, detects when the total output power is lower than the operating mechanism's requirements (e.g., insufficient power due to component aging or low-temperature degradation). It then activates a PWM signal adjustment mechanism to increase the average discharge current of the supercapacitor, thereby increasing the output power. This leverages the instantaneous power advantage of the supercapacitor while avoiding operational delays or failures due to insufficient power through real-time feedback. 5. Dual protection of supercapacitor power The system employs a voltage monitoring module and a clock module for dual protection. When the supercapacitor voltage drops to 70% of its capacity, or when it has not been charged for 24 hours since the last charge, the power management module is triggered to charge the supercapacitor to 100% during the non-operation phase of the switch. This avoids overcharging and over-discharging, and also prevents insufficient energy storage caused by monitoring module failure, ensuring that the supercapacitor can provide sufficient power at any time.

[0061] It should be noted that different embodiments may produce different beneficial effects. In different embodiments, the beneficial effects may be any one or a combination of the above, or any other possible beneficial effects.

[0062] The basic concepts have been described above. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, the detailed disclosure above is merely illustrative and does not constitute a limitation of this specification. Although not explicitly stated herein, those skilled in the art may make various modifications, improvements, and corrections to this specification. Such modifications, improvements, and corrections are suggested in this specification and therefore remain within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments described herein.

[0063] Furthermore, this specification uses specific terms to describe embodiments thereof. For example, "an embodiment," "one embodiment," and / or "some embodiments" refer to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic associated with at least one embodiment of this specification. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that references to "an embodiment," "one embodiment," or "an alternative embodiment" in different locations throughout this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Moreover, certain features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments of this specification can be appropriately combined.

[0064] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that various aspects of this specification can be described and illustrated in several patentable ways or situations, including any new and useful combination of processes, machines, products, or substances, or any new and useful improvements thereof. Accordingly, various aspects of this specification can be implemented entirely by hardware, entirely by software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or by a combination of hardware and software. All of the above hardware or software may be referred to as a “data block,” “module,” “engine,” “unit,” “component,” or “system.” Furthermore, various aspects of this specification may be represented as a computer product located on one or more computer-readable media, including computer-readable program code.

[0065] Computer storage media may contain a propagated data signal containing computer program code, for example, on baseband or as part of a carrier wave. This propagated signal may take various forms, including electromagnetic, optical, and suitable combinations thereof. Computer storage media can be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium, which can be connected to an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device to enable communication, propagation, or transmission of a program for use. The program code located on the computer storage medium can be propagated through any suitable medium, including radio, cable, fiber optic cable, RF, or similar media, or any combination of the above media.

[0066] Similarly, it should be noted that, in order to simplify the description disclosed herein and thus aid in the understanding of one or more embodiments of the invention, the foregoing description of embodiments in this specification may sometimes combine multiple features into a single embodiment, drawing, or description thereof. However, this method of disclosure does not imply that the subject matter of this specification requires more features than those mentioned in the claims. In fact, the embodiments contain fewer features than all the features of a single embodiment disclosed above.

[0067] In some embodiments, numbers describing the quantity of components and attributes are used. It should be understood that such numbers used in the description of embodiments are modified in some examples with the terms "approximately," "approximately," or "generally." Unless otherwise stated, "approximately," "approximately," or "generally" indicates that the numbers are allowed to vary by ±20%. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters used in the specification and claims are approximate values, which may be changed depending on the characteristics required by individual embodiments. In some embodiments, numerical parameters should take into account specified significant digits and employ a general method of digit reservation. Although the numerical ranges and parameters used to confirm their breadth of range in some embodiments of this specification are approximate values, in specific embodiments, such values ​​are set as precisely as feasible.

[0068] Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the embodiments described herein. Other variations may also fall within the scope of this specification. Therefore, alternative configurations of the embodiments described herein are intended to be illustrative rather than limiting, and should be considered consistent with the teachings of this specification. Accordingly, the embodiments described herein are not limited to those explicitly introduced and described herein.

Claims

1. A primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch adaptive power supply system, characterized in that, include: The capacitor power extraction module located on the primary side of the primary and secondary fusion pillar switch, and the supercapacitor, power management module, battery, energy management control unit, and DC-DC circuit located on the secondary side of the primary and secondary fusion pillar switch. The capacitor power extraction module includes a high-voltage voltage divider capacitor and an isolation protection unit, which is used to extract energy from the line. Part of it supplies power to the monitoring circuit in capacitor power supply mode, and the other part charges the battery and supercapacitor. The energy management and control unit is used to identify faults based on the three-phase voltage, three-phase current and output power of the capacitor power extraction module of the primary circuit of the primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch, and output the fault identification results. The power management module includes a power management circuit, which is used to determine the power supply mode based on the fault identification result and the output power of the capacitor power supply module, and control the capacitor power supply module, supercapacitor and battery to supply power respectively. The power supply modes include capacitor power supply mode, battery power supply mode and fault mode; Supercapacitors are used in parallel with batteries to output current to DC-DC circuits in fault mode. A storage battery, used to power the monitoring circuit in battery-powered mode; In fault mode, it is connected in parallel with a supercapacitor to output current to a DC-DC circuit; The DC-DC circuit is used to superimpose the current output from the supercapacitor and the battery in fault mode to power the tripping / closing drive mechanism and the communication module.

2. A method for adaptive power supply of a primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch, applicable to the adaptive power supply system of the primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch as described in claim 1, characterized in that, include: Fault identification is performed based on the three-phase voltage and three-phase current of the primary circuit of the integrated primary and secondary pole-mounted switch, and the fault identification results are output. Based on the fault identification results and the output power of the capacitor power supply module, the power supply mode is determined and the capacitor power supply module, supercapacitor and battery are controlled to supply power respectively. The power supply modes include capacitor power supply mode, battery power supply mode and fault mode; The capacitor power module draws power from the line, part of which powers the monitoring circuit in capacitor power supply mode, and the other part charges the battery and supercapacitor. In fault mode, the supercapacitor is connected in parallel with the battery to output current to the DC-DC circuit; The battery supplies power to the monitoring circuit in battery-powered mode; In fault mode, it is connected in parallel with a supercapacitor to output current to a DC-DC circuit; In fault mode, the DC-DC circuit superimposes the current output from the supercapacitor and the battery to power the tripping / closing drive mechanism and the communication module.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The fault identification based on the three-phase voltage and three-phase current of the primary circuit of the integrated primary and secondary pole-mounted switch outputs the following fault identification results: Based on the voltage transformer and current transformer built into the primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch, the three-phase voltage and three-phase current of the primary line are continuously collected. The three-phase voltage and three-phase current are input into each identification algorithm in parallel to identify the fault and obtain the identification results of each identification algorithm. Based on the recognition results of each recognition algorithm, fault recognition results are generated.

4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The recognition algorithms include: The overvoltage and overcurrent identification algorithm is used to calculate the effective values ​​of three-phase voltage and three-phase current. The effective values ​​of voltage and current are compared with voltage thresholds and current thresholds, respectively. If the effective value of voltage is within the preset range of the voltage threshold and the effective value of current is less than the current threshold, the overvoltage and overcurrent identification results are judged to be normal; otherwise, the overvoltage and overcurrent identification results are judged to be abnormal. The current mutation identification algorithm is used to monitor the rise rate of the instantaneous value of the three-phase current. If the rise rate is less than the preset rise rate threshold, the current mutation identification result is determined to be normal; otherwise, the current mutation identification result is determined to be abnormal. The zero-sequence current identification algorithm is used to obtain the zero-sequence current value by calculating the vector sum of the three-phase currents. If the zero-sequence current value is less than the preset zero-sequence current threshold, the zero-sequence current identification result is determined to be normal; otherwise, the zero-sequence current identification result is determined to be abnormal. The voltage drop identification algorithm is used to monitor the effective value of the three-phase voltage. If the effective voltage value is less than the preset voltage rating and the duration exceeds the preset time threshold, the voltage drop identification result is determined to be abnormal; otherwise, the voltage drop identification result is determined to be normal.

5. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The fault identification result consists of a fault identification signal F_flag and a severity level; the generation of fault identification results based on the identification results of each identification algorithm includes: The number of cases identified as anomalous is used as the severity level; the higher the value, the higher the severity level. The fault identification results include: F_flag = 0: Normal operating status; F_flag = 1: Minor abnormal state; F_flag ≥ 2: Fault status.

6. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The determination of the power supply mode based on the fault identification results and the output power of the capacitor power supply module includes: When the fault identification result is F_flag = 0 and the output power of the capacitor power supply module is greater than or equal to the preset output power threshold, the power supply mode is determined to be capacitor power supply mode. When the fault identification result is F_flag = 1 or the output power of the capacitor power module is less than the preset output power threshold, the power supply mode is determined to be battery power supply mode. When the fault identification result is F_flag ≥ 2, the power supply mode is determined to be a fault mode.

7. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, When the power supply mode is capacitor power supply mode, the primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch is in a steady-state monitoring mode without operation commands. Only the monitoring circuit is turned on to perform the status monitoring tasks of line current and voltage. The power management module simultaneously disconnects the main discharge circuit of the supercapacitor from the discharge branch of the battery. The supercapacitor retains only the microampere-level float charge branch to maintain a low self-discharge state, while the battery is completely de-energized and idle. In capacitor power supply mode, the working power supply of the monitoring circuit is directly undertaken by the capacitor power extraction module. The capacitor power extraction module continuously draws energy from the line, and after processing by the isolation protection unit and the power management module, it outputs a stable voltage to power the monitoring circuit, ensuring normal sampling and communication functions.

8. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, When the power supply mode is capacitor power supply mode, the capacitor power extraction module follows the charging logic of battery priority and supercapacitor backup. When the battery power is lower than the first preset power, all the energy of the capacitor power extraction module is used to replenish the battery through the charging circuit. When the battery power reaches 100%, the excess energy is used to replenish the supercapacitor through the constant current charging circuit until the supercapacitor voltage reaches the rated value and then stops.

9. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, When the power supply mode is battery power supply mode, if an abnormal situation such as power loss or load impact is detected in the line, the power management module disconnects the connection with the capacitor power supply module and switches to the battery power supply for the monitoring circuit. When the fault identification result is F_flag = 1, the algorithm escort mode is activated. The energy management control unit predicts that a fault may occur and increases the sampling rate of the voltage and current signals from 2kHz to 2MHz to increase the calculation intensity of the fault identification algorithm, so that the system is in a "ready" state, prepares energy for the fault mode that may occur instantly, and reduces the response delay of mode switching.

10. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, When the power supply mode is fault mode, the primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch is in transient operation mode. The power management circuit controls the battery and supercapacitor to switch from charging mode to high-current discharge mode to supply power to the tripping / closing drive mechanism and communication module. Specifically, when the primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted switch receives a tripping / closing command, the power management module drives the battery and supercapacitor to supply power to the tripping / closing drive mechanism in the following way: The power management module drives the PWM-controlled semiconductor switching device in the supercapacitor discharge circuit to turn on, and at the same time starts the first Boost topology pre-boost circuit to raise the output voltage of the supercapacitor to the target voltage value required by the opening / closing drive mechanism; The power management module synchronously triggers the switching devices of the battery discharge circuit, and synchronously boosts the battery output voltage from the rated value to the target voltage value required by the opening / closing drive mechanism through the second Boost topology pre-boost circuit; Based on the preset basic allocation ratio and target output power, the output power to be assigned to the supercapacitor and the battery is determined. The output power of the supercapacitor and the battery is superimposed by the DC-DC circuit to obtain the superimposed power to power the opening / closing drive mechanism to complete the opening and closing actions. After the opening / closing drive mechanism completes the opening and closing action, the power management module, based on the received action completion instruction, controls the system to exit the fault mode, and the primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted switch resumes the position monitoring mode.

Images