Data transmission method and apparatus

Abstract

The application provides a data transmission method and device, the method comprises: generating a first random number for representing an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device, a second random number in the first random number is used for indicating an access opportunity of the A-IoT device for sending a first message; and sending the first message to a reader at the access opportunity indicated by the second random number, and the first message comprises the first random number. In the scheme, if the first random numbers of multiple A-IoT devices are the same, they will certainly send the first message at the same access opportunity, which makes them all send the first message unsuccessfully due to mutual interference, so that the reader side cannot receive the same random number from different A-IoT devices, and the competition conflict is solved in advance. In addition, the scheme does not increase additional data and information transmission, and does not affect the original function of the random number for representing the A-IoT device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, and in particular to a data transmission method and apparatus thereof. Background Technology

[0002] Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices are a new type of IoT devices that can harvest energy from the environment and use it for power. A-IoT devices can connect to the network via a reader. With the continuous development of IoT technology, A-IoT devices have been increasingly widely used, and their communication capabilities have also improved, but this has also increased the probability of conflicts between different A-IoT devices.

[0003] Therefore, how to solve the competition conflict problem when A-IoT devices are randomly connected has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a data transmission method and apparatus that can effectively solve the contention problem during random access of A-IoT devices.

[0005] In a first aspect, a data transmission method is provided, applied to an environmental Internet of Things (A-IoT) device, the method comprising: generating a first random number to represent the A-IoT device, wherein a second random number in the first random number is used to indicate an access opportunity for the A-IoT device to send a first message; and sending the first message to a reader, wherein the first message includes the first random number, during the access opportunity indicated by the second random number.

[0006] In this application's technical solution, a new function is assigned to a portion of the first random number (the second random number) used to represent an A-IoT device. This second random number indicates the access opportunity for the A-IoT device to send the first message, ensuring that the A-IoT device will send the first message at the access opportunity indicated by the second random number. Under this premise, if multiple A-IoT devices have the same first random number, their second random number will also be the same, and they will inevitably send the first message simultaneously at the same access opportunity. This causes them to all fail to send due to mutual interference, thus preventing the reader from receiving the same random number from different A-IoT devices and resolving contention in advance. Furthermore, this solution does not add extra data or information transmission and does not affect the original function of the random number in identifying the A-IoT device.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, generating a first random number to represent an A-IoT device includes: generating a second random number and a third random number respectively, and merging the second random number and the third random number into a first random number; or, generating a first random number and determining a second random number from the first random number.

[0008] This implementation offers two methods for generating random numbers. The first is a phased generation method, where a second and third random number are generated separately, and then merged into a first random number. The second method directly generates the first random number and then selects the second random number from it. The first method does not affect randomness because although it generates the number in two stages, both stages are random, so the randomness of the final first random number remains unaffected. The first method allows the generation of the third random number to begin only when needed. In practical applications, access opportunities available to A-IoT devices are often not allocated all at once. It can be understood that the set of access opportunities includes multiple subsets, each arriving under the trigger of a paging message or trigger message. Therefore, the third random number can be generated only when the subset of access opportunities to which the second random number belongs arrives. Essentially, the second random number, used to determine when to send a message, is generated first, and then the remaining random numbers are generated when it's time to send a message. The second method, because it doesn't require merging, is simpler and more power-efficient. However, the generated random numbers need to be cached until it's time to send a message.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, a second random number and a third random number are generated separately, and the second random number and the third random number are combined into a first random number, including:

[0010] The second random number and the third random number are combined into the first random number according to the first preset rule.

[0011] A-IoT devices are merged according to preset rules, which can ensure the uniformity of the merging operation.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first preset rule is that the second random number is before or after the third random number.

[0013] This method is simpler and easier to operate.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, a second random number and a third random number are generated respectively, and the second random number and the third random number are merged into a first random number, including: generating a second random number; generating a third random number when the second random number is less than or equal to a first threshold, the first threshold being the total number of access opportunities for each subset of access opportunities; an A-IoT device corresponds to an access opportunity set, the access opportunity set including at least one subset of access opportunities; when the second random number is greater than the first threshold, waiting for the next trigger message to arrive, and after the next trigger message arrives, subtracting the first threshold from the second random number to obtain a new second random number, and using the new second random number to perform the above step of generating a third random number when the second random number is less than or equal to the first threshold again.

[0015] First, a second random number is generated to determine the access opportunity for sending the first message. A first threshold is used to determine if the opportunity falls within the current subset of access opportunities. If it does, a third random number is generated; otherwise, the system waits for the next trigger message (i.e., for the arrival of the next subset of access opportunities). This process is repeated to decide whether to generate the third random number or continue waiting for the next trigger message, until the third random number can be generated. This scheme refines the timing of the third random number generation; it doesn't generate it initially but only when the first message is actually to be sent, effectively shortening the time spent caching the first random number.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the second random number is p consecutive bits of the first random number, where p is a positive integer and p is less than or equal to the number of bits of the first random number.

[0017] Consecutive bits are easier to select.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the consecutive p bits are consecutive p bits starting from the first bit of the first random number, or the consecutive p bits are consecutive p bits ending from the last bit of the first random number.

[0019] Taking the first p or the last p values ​​further simplifies the selection process.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the number of bits of the second random number is determined based on the total number of access opportunities in the collection of access opportunities of A-IoT devices, and each access opportunity corresponds to a second random number value.

[0021] In this implementation, it is ensured that each available access opportunity for an A-IoT device can be represented by a second random number. However, it should be understood that the number of possible values ​​for the second random number can be greater than the total number of access opportunities in the set of access opportunities. Therefore, each value of the second random number may not necessarily correspond to an access opportunity.

[0022] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the method further includes: receiving and determining a set of access opportunities for A-IoT devices based on a paging message from a reader, wherein the paging message is used to configure resources for at least one A-IoT device, and the configured resources include access opportunities available to the A-IoT device; upon receiving a paging message or a trigger message, determining an access opportunity indicated by a second random number from a subset of access opportunities in the set of access opportunities, wherein the paging period of each paging message includes the trigger period of at least one trigger message, and each paging message and each trigger message correspond to a subset of access opportunities.

[0023] In this implementation, the set of access opportunities is determined by paging messages, and specific access opportunities are determined from the subset of access opportunities with the help of paging messages and trigger messages, making the determination of access opportunities faster.

[0024] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, sending a first message to the reader at the access opportunity indicated by the second random number includes: filling the first message with the first random number; and sending the first message to the reader at the access opportunity indicated by the second random number.

[0025] In this implementation, the first random number is filled into the corresponding field of the first message, thus completing the entire process of contention-based random access.

[0026] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the above method further includes: storing a first random number; receiving a second message from a reader, the second message including first data, the first data being obtained by the reader performing a first operation using the first random number, the first data having fewer bits than the first random number; using the first data and the stored first random number to perform the inverse operation of the first operation to obtain second data; if the second data is the same as the first random number, determining that the A-IoT device has successfully connected; if the second data is different from the first random number, determining that the A-IoT device has successfully connected.

[0027] In this implementation, the reader performs the first operation to obtain the first data, and the A-IoT device performs the inverse operation of the first operation to restore the first random number, thus reducing the amount of data transmission.

[0028] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first operation is an XOR operation. The second data is obtained by performing the inverse operation of the first operation using the first data and the stored first random number. This includes: dividing the first random number into a first part and a second part with equal bit lengths according to the same preset segmentation rule as the reader; and performing an XOR operation on the first part and the second part to obtain the second data.

[0029] The inverse of the XOR operation is still an XOR operation, which makes it easy to restore data. By following the same preset segmentation rules, the consistency of the operations on both sides can be maintained, ensuring that the first random number obtained on both sides is the same in the absence of errors.

[0030] Secondly, a data transmission method is provided for use in a reader. The method includes: receiving a first message from an Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device, the first message including a first random number representing the A-IoT device; the first message being sent by the A-IoT device at a first access opportunity, the first access opportunity being an access opportunity indicated by a second random number in the first random number; and sending a second message to the A-IoT device, the second message including indication information of the first random number.

[0031] The second aspect is the implementation on the reader side, which corresponds to the first aspect. The explanations, supplements, and descriptions of the beneficial effects of the first aspect also apply to the second aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0032] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the above method further includes: performing a first operation using a first random number to obtain first data, wherein the number of bits of the first data is less than the number of bits of the first random number; the first data is the indication information of the first random number.

[0033] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the first operation is an XOR operation, which uses a first random number to perform the first operation to obtain the first data, including: dividing the first random number into a first part and a second part with equal bit length according to the same preset segmentation rule as the A-IoT device; performing an XOR operation on the first part and the second part to obtain the first data.

[0034] Thirdly, a data transmission apparatus is provided, comprising a unit consisting of software and / or hardware for performing any one of the methods of the first to second aspects.

[0035] The third aspect is the implementation on the device side corresponding to the first and second aspects. The explanations, supplements, and descriptions of the beneficial effects of the first and second aspects also apply to the third aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0036] Fourthly, an electronic device is provided, the electronic device comprising: one or more processors, and a memory; the memory is coupled to the one or more processors, the memory being used to store computer program code, the computer program code including computer instructions, wherein the one or more processors invoke the computer instructions to enable the electronic device to implement any method of any of the above aspects.

[0037] Fifthly, a chip system is provided, the chip system being applied to an electronic device, the chip system including one or more processors, the one or more processors being configured to invoke computer instructions to enable the electronic device to perform the steps of any of the methods of any of the above aspects.

[0038] Optionally, the chip system also includes a memory electrically connected to the processor.

[0039] Optionally, the chip system may also include a communication interface.

[0040] Sixthly, a communication system is provided, including any of the data transmission devices described in the fourth aspect.

[0041] In a seventh aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the computer-readable storage medium including instructions that, when executed on an electronic device, enable the electronic device to implement any method of any of the above aspects.

[0042] Eighthly, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program that, when executed by an electronic device, can implement any of the methods described in any of the preceding aspects. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the data transmission scenario applicable to the embodiments of this application.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of this application.

[0045] Figure 3 This is a message transmission scenario with contention-based random access applicable to the embodiments of this application.

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of this application.

[0047] Figure 5 This is a schematic flowchart of a random number generation method according to an embodiment of this application.

[0048] Figure 6This is a schematic flowchart illustrating another random number generation method according to an embodiment of this application.

[0049] Figure 7 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for generating MSG2 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0050] Figure 8 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating how an A-IoT device processes the received MSG2 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0051] Figure 9 This is an example of the execution process of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of this application.

[0052] Figure 10 This is a schematic block diagram of a data transmission device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The embodiments of this application will now be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0054] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, the terminology used in this application will be briefly explained first. Optionally, the explanation of some terms may also refer to the explanations in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard protocol.

[0055] 1. Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device

[0056] A-IoT devices are a new type of Internet of Things (IoT) devices that harvest energy from radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other available environmental energy source and use it for power. Because A-IoT devices do not require an external power supply or battery replacements, their maintenance costs are extremely low, making them widely applicable in fields such as smart warehousing, smart logistics, smart agriculture, industrial wireless sensor networks, smart transportation, and smart healthcare. For example, they can be specifically applied to identification-based connectivity (asset identification), with typical scenarios including the management of goods or assets in the manufacturing and logistics industries. They can also be specifically applied to micro-sensor connectivity (sensor data acquisition), with typical scenarios including wireless sensor networks in the energy, power, livestock, and industrial sectors. Furthermore, they can be specifically applied to low-power downlink connectivity (data downlink push), with typical scenarios including electronic shelf labels (ESL) in industrial, supermarket retail, and office applications. Other possible specific application scenarios are not listed here.

[0057] However, due to the widespread application mentioned above, the number of A-IoT devices has increased significantly, which has led to more competition for resources among A-IoT devices during data transmission and an increased probability of data transmission conflicts.

[0058] In the field of environmental IoT technology, A-IoT devices can be connected to the network through readers, thereby enabling them to be used more fully.

[0059] A-IoT devices can also be abbreviated as AIoT devices, AIoTD, etc., and there are no restrictions.

[0060] 2. Reader

[0061] A reader can also be called a reader-writer, card reader, etc. There are no specific limitations; it simply needs to provide an access interface for A-IoT devices to connect to the network. (The following text...) Figure 1 Network device 110 shown in (a) Figure 1 The intermediate node 130 shown in (b) can all be used as examples of a reader, because Figure 1 In section (b), the intermediate node 130 cannot independently complete the wireless data transmission. Therefore, in the following text, network device 110 and intermediate node 130 will jointly complete the wireless data transmission between the AIoT device and the AIoTF. This combination is referred to as a reader, which connects the A-IoT device 120 to the network. However, it should be understood that besides the reader example in this article, other forms of readers may exist that can connect A-IoT devices to the network; there are no limitations.

[0062] In this application, the messages or data sent by the reader to the A-IoT device can be referred to as R2D messages or R2D data, and conversely, the messages or data sent by the A-IoT device to the reader can be referred to as D2R messages or D2R data.

[0063] For example, the reader sends an R2D message to an A-IoT device, which contains scheduling information for D2R messages. Upon receiving the R2D message, the reader constructs and sends a D2R message to the A-IoT device based on the R2D message. Message construction refers to generating a D2R message that meets transmission requirements, such as generating it according to the protocol-defined format and assigning values ​​to different fields within that format. The scheduling message may include at least one of the following: the resources the A-IoT device can use to send the D2R message, the transmission method, and the size of the D2R message that the A-IoT device can send. The scheduling information may also include other data, without limitation.

[0064] This example shows that the reader guides the A-IoT device on what kind of D2R message to send through R2D messages, while the A-IoT device needs to construct the D2R message to be sent to the reader based on the R2D messages.

[0065] 3. Random identifier (random ID)

[0066] In the field of environmental IoT technology, random IDs are used for communication and identification between A-IoT devices and readers. The random ID is generated by the A-IoT device and is typically a 16-bit random number. It can be generated randomly or based on the A-IoT device ID. The specific generation method may vary depending on the implementation, but it is usually done by the A-IoT device itself.

[0067] The random ID serves three purposes: identification, contention resolution, and message response. Identification refers to the fact that the random ID is used by A-IoT devices to identify themselves during the random access process. A-IoT devices send their random IDs during a randomly selected access opportunity (RO). Contention resolution means that multiple A-IoT devices may simultaneously attempt to access the same reader. The reader and A-IoT devices resolve conflicts by comparing the values ​​of their random IDs. If multiple A-IoT devices send the same random ID, a conflict is considered to exist, requiring further processing. Message response means that after receiving the random ID, the reader may respond via MSG2 to confirm whether the access was successful or failed.

[0068] 4. Access stratum identifier (AS ID)

[0069] An A-IoT ID is an identifier used in the field of environmental IoT technology to identify devices or resources for scheduling and communication. It may be assigned by a reader to an A-IoT device for communication and resource scheduling between the A-IoT device and the reader.

[0070] It should be noted that AS ID is usually assigned to A-IoT devices by the reader or generated by A-IoT devices, while random ID is generated by A-IoT devices.

[0071] In traditional conflict resolution solutions, when multiple A-IoT devices simultaneously attempt to connect to the same reader, and these devices share the same random ID, the reader can resolve the conflict by generating multiple different AS IDs corresponding to the random ID and assigning them to the various A-IoT devices, thus replacing the identical random ID. However, since the A-IoT devices do not know which AS ID is their own, the conflict is not completely resolved, and different A-IoT devices may still choose the same AS ID. Furthermore, assuming multiple A-IoT devices send the same random ID, but a conflict results in only one A-IoT device successfully sending the random ID to the reader, the reader will reply with an MSG2 containing the random ID. This can cause other A-IoT devices, upon receiving the MSG2 containing the same random ID as themselves, to mistakenly believe they have successfully connected, leading to conflict resolution failure. Therefore, this application does not adopt the aforementioned solution of replacing the random ID with an AS ID.

[0072] It should also be noted that in the field of environmental IoT technology, two main scenarios are involved: controlled base random access (CBRA) and contention-free random access (CFRA). In the CBRA scenario, contention conflicts need to be resolved before data transmission, while in the CFRA scenario, data transmission occurs directly. It should be understood that CBRA and CFRA can also be interpreted in other Chinese terms; for example, CBRA can also be called contention-based random access, etc., without limitation. The solution in this application mainly addresses how to resolve contention conflicts in CBRA.

[0073] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a data transmission scenario applicable to the embodiments of this application. For example... Figure 1 As shown in (a), the communication system includes network device 110 and A-IoT device 120.

[0074] The A-IoT device 120 can be used to receive excitation signals or backscattered signals.

[0075] The A-IoT device 120 can be either not a power storage device and cannot independently generate or amplify signals; it can be a power storage device but cannot independently generate or amplify signals; or it can be a power storage device capable of independently generating or amplifying signals—there are no limitations. For example, the A-IoT device 120 can be a power storage device (capacitor) or a supercapacitor.

[0076] Network device 110 can provide data transmission services to A-IoT device 120 through a wireless interface. That is, wireless transmission can be performed between network device 110 and A-IoT device 120. For example, network device 110 can send data or instructions to A-IoT device 120 through wireless communication, and A-IoT device 120 can also report data through wireless communication.

[0077] In this application embodiment, the network device may include access network (AN) equipment and radio access network (RAN) equipment. Access network equipment, such as a base station (e.g., an access point), can refer to a device in the access network that communicates with a wireless terminal device via one or more cells over the air interface. For example, it can be an evolved Node B (NodeB, eNB, or e-NodeB), or it may include a next-generation node B (gNB) or a next-generation evolved node B (ng-eNB) or an en-gNB (enhanced next-generation node B) in a 5G system; it may also include centralized units (CU) and distributed units (DU) in a cloud radio access network (Cloud RAN) system, or various nodes or base stations in a 6G system; the network device may also be a mobility management entity (MME), or it may be an access and mobility management function (MME) in a 5G system. Mobility management function (AMF), etc., will not be listed one by one.

[0078] The network device of this application may be the device or apparatus shown above, or a component (e.g., a chip), module, or unit in the device or apparatus shown above; no specific limitation is made in this application.

[0079] like Figure 1 Another Internet of Things (IoT) network communication system shown in (b) may include network device 110, intermediate node (or auxiliary node) 130 and A-IoT device 120.

[0080] For a brief explanation of network device 110 and A-IoT device 120, please refer to the above text. For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0081] In this architecture, A-IoT device 120 can communicate wirelessly with network device 110 through intermediate node 130.

[0082] Intermediate node 130 can be a relay, user equipment (UE), integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, repeater, or other device with relay capabilities.

[0083] In some cases, intermediate node 130 can also be considered part of the network device.

[0084] The user equipment described in this application may also be referred to as terminal equipment, mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), etc. It can be a mobile phone, smartwatch, tablet computer, laptop computer, XR terminal, vehicle-mounted terminal, etc. XR terminals may also include virtual reality (VR) terminals, augmented reality (AR) terminals, and mixed reality (MR) terminals. The terminal equipment described in this application may also be other devices with terminal functions; for example, a terminal equipment may also be a device that performs terminal functions in D2D communication. Terminal devices can also include vehicle-to-everything (V2X) terminal devices, machine-to-machine / machine-type communications (M2M / MTC) terminal devices, Internet of Things (IoT) terminal devices, light UEs, reduced capability UEs (REDCAP UEs), subscriber units, subscriber stations, mobile stations, remote stations, access points (APs), remote terminals, access terminals, user terminals, user agents, or user devices, and drone equipment, etc.

[0085] The terminal device of this application may be a device or apparatus with a chip, or a device or apparatus with integrated circuits, or a chip, module or control unit in the device or apparatus shown above. This application does not limit the specific device.

[0086] In this application, intermediate node 130 can provide data transmission services to A-IoT device 120 via a wireless interface, that is, intermediate node 130 provides relay function for A-IoT device 120. In other words, during uplink and / or downlink processes, intermediate node can assist in completing wireless communication between network devices and A-IoT devices.

[0087] For example, during the uplink process, A-IoT device 120 can send uplink data to network device 110 through intermediate node 130. However, it should be understood that A-IoT device 120 can also send uplink data directly to network device 110 without going through intermediate node 130. In this case, [the data transmission process is different]. Figure 1 The scenario shown in (a) is similar and will not be described again. Similarly, during the downlink process, network device 110 can send downlink data to A-IoT device 120 through intermediate node 130. However, it should be understood that network device 110 can also send downlink data directly to A-IoT device 120 without going through intermediate node 130.

[0088] However, it should be understood that Figure 1 This only illustrates two common communication systems applicable to A-IoT devices. However, other communication systems may exist in real-world applications, as long as they are compatible with A-IoT devices; there are no limitations.

[0089] exist Figure 1 In the scenario shown in (a), network device 110 can be used as a reader. Figure 1 In the scenario shown in (b), the combination of network device 110 and intermediate node 130 can be used as a reader. Other communication scenarios will not be listed one by one.

[0090] With the continuous development of A-IoT technology, the number of A-IoT devices has increased significantly, and a single reader may need to handle a larger number of A-IoT devices. This leads to the possibility that these A-IoT devices may choose the same transmission resources, causing data transmission conflicts. For example, choosing the same time-domain resources and / or frequency-domain resources may cause transmission failures or errors. Other situations will not be listed here.

[0091] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a novel data transmission method. A subset of bits from the random ID is selected to indicate access opportunities. When an A-IoT device sends its random ID, it chooses the access opportunity indicated by this subset of bits. Therefore, this solution effectively resolves contention conflicts without affecting random ID generation or adding extra data transmission. Since identical random IDs will inevitably fall into the same access opportunity, interference will prevent multiple A-IoT devices from successfully sending their random IDs when selecting the same opportunity. This ensures that the reader will not receive the same random ID from multiple A-IoT devices, thus effectively resolving contention conflicts.

[0092] The following detailed explanation of the solution provided in this application, in conjunction with the corresponding flowcharts, illustrates the method. It is understood that the illustrative flowcharts provided in this application primarily use different devices (e.g., A-IoT devices, readers) as examples of the execution entities for this interactive illustration, but this application does not limit the execution entities of the interactive illustrations. For example, the device in the illustrative flowcharts could also be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the implementation of this method on that device, or it could be a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the device's functions.

[0093] As a general statement, the message or signaling interactions involved in the interaction process of this application embodiment can be standard messages or signaling or newly introduced messages or signaling. This application embodiment does not make specific limitations on this.

[0094] To facilitate understanding, the following will be combined with... Figure 2 This paper describes a data transmission architecture applicable to this application.

[0095] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a data transmission method according to an embodiment of this application. It can be understood that... Figure 2 A-IoT devices in the context can be Figure 1 Any A-IoT device in the context of this document can also refer to a component within an A-IoT device (such as a processor, chip, or chip system). Network devices can be... Figure 1 Any access network device, or a device within an access network device (such as a processor, chip, or chip system). Figure 2 The reader in the text can be... Figure 1 Network devices, can also be Figure 1 A combination of network devices and intermediate nodes can also be Figure 1 The intermediate nodes in the process, where intermediate nodes can be terminal devices, and other cases will not be listed individually. The following section discusses... Figure 2 The steps shown will be explained.

[0096] S201. The reader sends message MSG0 to the A-IoT device, and the A-IoT device receives MSG0.

[0097] MSG0 is primarily used to indicate the resources of MSG1. This application mainly refers to access opportunities, focusing on time-domain resources. However, it should be understood that other resources, such as frequency-domain resources, can also be indicated in addition to time-domain resources; there is no limitation. MSG0 can be, for example, an R2D trigger message. Under the indication of the trigger message, the A-IoT device can select the corresponding access opportunity or determine other available resources.

[0098] It should be understood that the reader can send MSG0 to one or more A-IoT devices.

[0099] S202, the A-IoT device sends message MSG1 to the reader, and the reader receives MSG1 in response.

[0100] MSG1 contains a random number identifier (random ID). MSG1 can be, for example, a random number identifier message (randomID message).

[0101] Different A-IoT devices may generate the same random ID, causing the reader to determine the same random ID when receiving MSG1 from different A-IoT devices.

[0102] S203, The reader sends message MSG2 to the A-IoT device, and the A-IoT device receives MSG2 accordingly.

[0103] MSG2 is the response message to MSG1, and MSG2 includes a random ID. MSG2 can be, for example, a random number identification response message.

[0104] MSG2 is used to resolve contention issues in random access and can allocate corresponding transmission resources to MSG3.

[0105] In the absence of a conflict, the random ID sent by the A-IoT device will be carried in the MSG2. In the event of a conflict (where different A-IoT devices use the same random ID), the conflict needs to be resolved through the MSG2.

[0106] In one traditional approach, when a conflict occurs, the AS ID replaces the random ID. This approach may result in A-IoT devices not knowing which AS ID belongs to them. In another traditional approach, a bitmap indicates the resources associated with each random ID in MSG2, and in case of a conflict, the AS ID replaces the random ID. This approach increases the load on MSG2, consuming more communication resources; it still requires replacing the random ID with the AS ID to resolve contention; and the bitmap is only applicable to MSG2 multiplexing methods, not non-multiplexing methods, resulting in poor versatility.

[0107] Therefore, the solution to this conflict is to assign a new physical meaning to the random number, so that in addition to its original ability to identify A-IoT devices, it can also indicate the access opportunity for each A-IoT device. This ensures that at most one A-IoT device can successfully send a random ID at each access opportunity. Since identical random numbers will inevitably indicate the same access opportunity, when multiple A-IoT devices use the same access opportunity to send a random ID, the inevitable interference from simultaneous sending by multiple A-IoT devices will cause multiple A-IoT devices to fail to send, forcing them to reselect an access opportunity. Essentially, interference is used to preemptively eliminate the conflict of identical random numbers, preventing the reader from receiving conflicting random IDs.

[0108] S204. The A-IoT device sends message MSG3 to the reader, and the reader receives MSG3 in response.

[0109] MSG3 is used to transmit data according to the transmission resources indicated by MSG2. For example, it can transmit upper-layer data, such as device ID. MSG3 can be, for example, a D2R upper-layer transfer message.

[0110] Figure 3 This is a message transmission scenario with contention-based random access applicable to the embodiments of this application. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the horizontal axis represents the time axis. A paging message is a message used to instruct an A-IoT device to respond to a core network (CN) device service request. It can carry a device identifier and resource information configuring access opportunities. Therefore, when an A-IoT device receives a paging message, it can determine the set of available access opportunities (the set of available resources for data transmission) from it.

[0111] Figure 3 The access occasion in the context refers to the time-frequency resources used to transmit MSG 1 (containing the random ID) during contention-based random access, indicated by the paging message.

[0112] It's important to note that in environmental IoT technology, a random access opportunity (RO) refers to the chance for a device to transmit on a specific time-frequency resource. For example, the opportunity for an A-IoT device to transmit MSG1. RO is a broader concept than access occasion. While an access occasion is a specific moment of access, RO may include one or more access occasions, and may also include other resource configurations.

[0113] This set of access opportunities can be further divided into corresponding resources based on trigger messages. Trigger messages can indicate the starting position of the resource set. For example, a trigger message can be an R2D trigger message, such as an accessoccasion trigger message.

[0114] In other words, the paging message indicates which access resources the A-IoT device can use, while the trigger message instructs the A-IoT device to select an access opportunity from these access resources indicated by the paging message.

[0115] When an A-IoT device receives a trigger message, it begins selecting an access opportunity to connect to the network. Combined with... Figure 2 As shown in the steps, after the A-IoT device receives the MSG0 (trigger message) sent by the reader, it sends MSG1 to the reader when the access opportunity is determined. MSG1 carries a random ID. It also receives MSG2 sent by the reader and sends MSG3 based on MSG2.

[0116] Figure 3 Taking A-IoT devices 301 and 302 as examples, assuming they both select the same resource indicated by the paging massage, different access opportunities corresponding to different trigger messages will send MSG1. In the sent MSG1, the random ID is the same, represented here as RN=X, meaning the random number is always X. Therefore, in the received MSG2, the reader instructs A-IoT device 301 to select the resource corresponding to AS ID1 and A-IoT device 302 to select the resource corresponding to AS ID2 by replacing the random ID with the AS ID. It should be understood that this is merely an example and does not contain any specific limitations.

[0117] NACK message Figure 3In the contention-based random access scenario shown, which is for MSG 3, if the NACK message is immediately followed by an R2D trigger message, then the A-IoT device will re-access in the next paging cycle.

[0118] The following is combined with Figure 4 The scheme of this application is described in detail.

[0119] Figure 4 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a data transmission method according to an embodiment of this application. It can be understood that... Figure 4 A-IoT devices in the context can be Figure 1 Any A-IoT device in the context of this document can also refer to a component within an A-IoT device (such as a processor, chip, or chip system). Network devices can be... Figure 1 Any access network device, or a device within an access network device (such as a processor, chip, or chip system). Figure 4 The reader in the text can be... Figure 1 Network devices, can also be Figure 1 A combination of network devices and intermediate nodes can also be Figure 1 The intermediate nodes in the process, where intermediate nodes can be terminal devices, and other cases will not be listed individually. The following section discusses... Figure 4 The steps shown will be explained.

[0120] S401, The A-IoT device generates a first random number to represent the A-IoT device, and a second random number in the first random number is used to indicate the access opportunity for the A-IoT device to send the first message.

[0121] In one implementation, the A-IoT device generates a first random number to represent the A-IoT device, including:

[0122] A-IoT devices generate a second random number and a third random number respectively, and then combine the second random number and the third random number into a first random number; or...

[0123] The A-IoT device generates a first random number and then determines a second random number from the first random number.

[0124] This implementation offers two methods for generating random numbers. The first is a phased generation method, where a second and third random number are generated separately, and then merged into a first random number. The second method directly generates the first random number and then selects the second random number from it. The first method does not affect randomness because although it generates the number in two stages, both stages are random, so the randomness of the final first random number remains unaffected. The first method allows the generation of the third random number to begin only when needed. In practical applications, access opportunities available to A-IoT devices are often not allocated all at once. It can be understood that the set of access opportunities includes multiple subsets, each arriving under the trigger of a paging message or trigger message. Therefore, the third random number can be generated only when the subset of access opportunities to which the second random number belongs arrives. Essentially, the second random number, used to determine when to send a message, is generated first, and then the remaining random numbers are generated when it's time to send a message. The second method, because it doesn't require merging, is simpler and more power-efficient. However, the generated random numbers need to be cached until it's time to send a message.

[0125] An access opportunity set can be a collection of all access opportunities corresponding to a paging message, or it can be a collection of all access opportunities corresponding to each trigger message period.

[0126] In one example, the A-IoT device generates a second random number and a third random number respectively, and combines the second random number and the third random number into a first random number, including:

[0127] The A-IoT device combines the second random number and the third random number into a first random number according to the first preset rule.

[0128] A-IoT devices are merged according to preset rules, which can ensure the uniformity of the merging operation.

[0129] Optionally, the numbers can be merged by concatenation. For example, a third random number can be concatenated before or after the second random number to obtain the first random number. For instance, suppose the second random number is 1101 and the third random number is 101010111011. If the second random number comes first, the concatenated first random number is 1101101010111011. If the second random number comes last, the concatenated first random number is 1010101110111101. It should be understood that the above is merely an example; concatenation can occur before or after the second random number, and there are no restrictions on the specific values. Other cases will not be listed individually.

[0130] Optionally, the numbers can be merged using an interleaving method. The interleaving rules can also be pre-defined. For example, assuming the second random number is 0000 (four zeros) and the third random number is 11111111 (eight ones), and the interleaving rule is to skip each number by one position, and the first digit of the merged first random number is the first digit of the second random number, then the merged number would be 010101011111; assuming the interleaving rule is to skip each number by one position, and the first digit of the merged first random number is the first digit of the third random number, then the merged number would be 101010101111; assuming the interleaving rule is to skip each number by two positions, and the first digit of the merged first random number is the first digit of the third random number, then the merged number would be 110011001111. It should be understood that the above are merely examples; different interleaving rules are possible, and there are no restrictions on specific values. Other cases will not be listed individually.

[0131] Optionally, the A-IoT device can also number all the bits of the first random number, and the second random number is mapped to the first random number according to a preset numbering sequence. For example, assuming the first random number is 16 bits, numbered 0-15, and the second random number is p consecutive bits starting from bit number 3, then the third random number is filled into the remaining bits excluding these p bits.

[0132] In one example, the first preset rule is that the second random number comes before or after the third random number. This method is simpler and easier to operate.

[0133] In one example, the A-IoT device generates a second random number and a third random number respectively, and combines the second random number and the third random number into a first random number, including:

[0134] A-IoT devices generate a second random number;

[0135] If the second random number is less than or equal to the first threshold, the A-IoT device generates a third random number. The first threshold is the total number of access opportunities for each subset of access opportunities. The A-IoT device corresponds to a set of access opportunities, which includes at least one subset of access opportunities.

[0136] If the A-IoT device waits for the next trigger message to arrive when the second random number is greater than the first threshold, it subtracts the first threshold from the second random number to obtain a new second random number, and then uses the new second random number to execute the above steps again when the second random number is less than or equal to the first threshold to generate a third random number.

[0137] In this example, a second random number is generated first to determine the access opportunity for sending the first message. A first threshold is used to determine if the opportunity falls within the current subset of access opportunities. If it does, a third random number is generated; otherwise, the process waits for the next trigger message (i.e., waiting for the arrival of the next subset of access opportunities). This process is repeated to decide whether to generate the third random number or continue waiting for the next trigger message, until the third random number can be generated. This scheme refines the timing of the third random number generation; it doesn't generate it initially but only when the first message is actually to be sent, effectively shortening the time spent caching the first random number.

[0138] In one example, the second random number is p consecutive bits from the first random number, where p is a positive integer and p is less than or equal to the number of bits in the first random number.

[0139] Consecutive bits are easier to select.

[0140] In another example, consecutive p bits are consecutive p bits starting from the first bit of the first random number, or consecutive p bits are consecutive p bits ending from the last bit of the first random number.

[0141] Taking the first p or the last p values ​​further simplifies the selection process.

[0142] In one implementation, the number of bits in the second random number is determined based on the total number of access opportunities in the A-IoT device access opportunity set, with each access opportunity corresponding to a second random number value.

[0143] In this implementation, it is ensured that each available access opportunity for an A-IoT device can be represented by a second random number. However, it should be understood that the number of possible values ​​for the second random number can be greater than the total number of access opportunities in the set of access opportunities. Therefore, each value of the second random number may not necessarily correspond to an access opportunity.

[0144] It should also be noted that since the first, second, and third random numbers are all random, the merging of the second and third random numbers can be done arbitrarily without setting preset rules. In other words, the second and third random numbers can be randomly inserted into the bits of the first random number to obtain the first random number.

[0145] It should also be understood that since the second random number is only used to indicate the sending of the first message, its indicating function is no longer needed after the sending time of the first message is determined. Therefore, shuffling or even regenerating the second random number will not affect the function of the subsequent first random number. Thus, in some cases, the second random number can be generated separately and is not included in the first random number.

[0146] The solution in this application can also be described as follows: the A-IoT device generates a second random number, which indicates an access opportunity for the A-IoT device to send a first message; the A-IoT device sends a first message to the reader during the access opportunity indicated by the second random number, the first message including a first random number representing the A-IoT device. In one implementation, the A-IoT device generating the second random number includes: the A-IoT device generating a first random number, which includes the second random number; or, the A-IoT device directly generating the second random number. In another implementation, before the A-IoT device sends the first message, the above method further includes: the A-IoT device directly generating the first random number; or, the A-IoT device generating a third random number and merging the second random number and the third random number into the first random number.

[0147] In short, the first random number can be generated directly or in stages, while the second random number can be generated separately or together with the first random number. Furthermore, the second random number can be discarded later and not included in the first random number.

[0148] For more information on random number generation and related explanations, please refer to the following text. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The relevant details will not be elaborated here.

[0149] S402, the A-IoT device sends a first message to the reader at the access opportunity indicated by the second random number. The first message includes the first random number. Correspondingly, the reader receives the first message.

[0150] In other words, the reader receives a first message from the A-IoT device, which includes a first random number representing the A-IoT device. The first message is sent by the A-IoT device at the first access opportunity, which is an access opportunity indicated by a second random number in the first random number.

[0151] In one implementation, the above method further includes:

[0152] The A-IoT device receives and determines the set of access opportunities for the A-IoT device based on the paging message from the reader. The paging message is used to configure resources for at least one A-IoT device, and the configured resources include the access opportunities available to the A-IoT device.

[0153] When an A-IoT device receives a paging message or a trigger message, it determines the access opportunity indicated by a second random number from a subset of access opportunities in the access opportunity set. Each paging period of a paging message includes the trigger period of at least one trigger message, and each paging message and each trigger message correspond to a subset of access opportunities.

[0154] In this implementation, the set of access opportunities is determined by paging messages, and specific access opportunities are determined from the subset of access opportunities with the help of paging messages and trigger messages, making the determination of access opportunities faster.

[0155] In one implementation, at the access opportunity indicated by the second random number, a first message is sent to the reader, including:

[0156] The A-IoT device fills the first random number into the first message;

[0157] The A-IoT device sends the first message to the reader at the access opportunity indicated by the second random number.

[0158] In this implementation, the first random number is filled into the corresponding field of the first message, thus completing the entire process of contention-based random access.

[0159] The above method may also include the step of the reader sending a second message to the A-IoT device, the second message including indication information of the first random number.

[0160] The indication information of the first random number can be either the first random number itself, or it can be obtained by processing the first random number.

[0161] In one implementation, the above method further includes:

[0162] The reader performs a first operation using the first random number to obtain the first data. The number of bits in the first data is less than the number of bits in the first random number. The first data is the indication information of the first random number in the second message.

[0163] In this implementation, the reader performs the first operation, reducing the number of bits in the random number in the second message.

[0164] In one example, the first operation is an XOR operation. The reader uses the first random number to perform the first operation and obtains the first data, including:

[0165] The reader divides the first random number into a first part and a second part with equal number of bits according to the same preset segmentation rules as the A-IoT device;

[0166] The reader performs an XOR operation on the first part and the second part to obtain the first data.

[0167] The inverse of the XOR operation is still an XOR operation, which makes it easy to restore data. By following the same preset segmentation rules, the consistency of the operations on both sides can be maintained, ensuring that the first random number obtained on both sides is the same in the absence of errors.

[0168] In another implementation, the above method also includes:

[0169] A-IoT devices store a first random number;

[0170] The A-IoT device receives a second message from the reader. The second message includes first data, which is obtained by the reader after performing a first operation on a first random number. The number of bits in the first data is less than the number of bits in the first random number.

[0171] A-IoT devices use the first data and the stored first random number to perform the inverse operation of the first operation to obtain the second data;

[0172] If the second data is the same as the first random number, the A-IoT device is confirmed to have successfully connected.

[0173] If the second data is different from the first random number, the A-IoT device is confirmed to have successfully connected.

[0174] In this implementation, the reader performs the first operation to obtain the first data, and the A-IoT device performs the inverse operation of the first operation to restore the first random number, thus reducing the amount of data transmission.

[0175] However, it should be understood that if the A-IoT device does not have the ability to perform the first calculation, it cannot execute this method and the reader still needs to directly send the second message including the first random number.

[0176] In one example, the first operation is an XOR operation. The A-IoT device uses the first data and the stored first random number to perform the inverse operation of the first operation to obtain the second data, including:

[0177] The A-IoT device divides the first random number into a first part and a second part with equal number of bits according to the same preset segmentation rule as the reader;

[0178] The A-IoT device performs an XOR operation on the first part and the second part to obtain the second data.

[0179] The inverse of the XOR operation is still an XOR operation, which makes it easy to restore data. By following the same preset segmentation rules, the consistency of the operations on both sides can be maintained, ensuring that the first random number obtained on both sides is the same in the absence of errors.

[0180] In addition to executing according to preset segmentation rules, the reader can also send segmentation rules to A-IoT devices each time.

[0181] The method of reducing data transmission burden by adding XOR operation can also be found below. Figure 7 and Figure 8 The relevant explanations will not be repeated here.

[0182] Figure 4 The method described primarily assigns a new function to a portion of the first random number used to represent an A-IoT device (the second random number). This second random number indicates the access opportunity for the A-IoT device to send the first message, ensuring that the A-IoT device will always send the first message at the access opportunity indicated by the second random number. Under this premise, if multiple A-IoT devices have the same first random number, their second random number will also be the same, leading them to simultaneously send the first message at the same access opportunity. This causes them to all fail to send due to mutual interference, preventing the reader from receiving the same random number from different A-IoT devices and resolving contention in advance. Furthermore, this scheme does not add extra data or information transmission and does not affect the original function of the random number in identifying the A-IoT device.

[0183] To a certain extent, this application can be understood as advancing the contention to the time of sending MSG1, thereby eliminating the conflict on the A-IoT device side, thus eliminating the need for the reader to discover and determine the conflict and resolve the conflict through MSG2.

[0184] Figure 5 This is a schematic flowchart of a random number generation method according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 and Figure 6 These are two ways to generate random numbers. Figure 5 It is a segmented method for generating random numbers. Figure 6 This is a method of generating random numbers all at once. Figure 5 and Figure 6 These are all steps performed by A-IoT devices.

[0185] S501, the A-IoT device receives a paging message.

[0186] The A-IoT device adopts contention-based random access. The paging message includes the scheduling information of the D2R message, that is, it indicates the transmission resources of MSG1.

[0187] S502. The A-IoT device generates a random integer IDEX of p bits.

[0188] 0 ≤ IDEX < n.

[0189] n is the total number of random access opportunities configured in the paging message.

[0190] 2 ≤ p < 16.

[0191] 16 is the total number of bits of the random ID.

[0192] It should be noted that p and n are positively correlated. The larger n is, the more bits are required to represent n access opportunities.

[0193] For example, assume n = 10. Then at least 4 bits are required to represent all access opportunities. Therefore, p ≥ 4, 2 p = 16 > 10.

[0194] In the actual communication scenario, n is often a power of 2. Therefore, it can be directly set as n = 2 p . It should also be understood that n = 2 p is to reduce the number of bits while ensuring that the identification requirements are met, but it does not mean that other values cannot be taken. Therefore, n > 2 p is also acceptable.

[0195] S503. The A-IoT device assigns IDEX to AO_COUNTER.

[0196] That is, AO_COUNTER = IDEX.

[0197] S504. When AO_COUNTER < m, step S505 is executed; otherwise, when AO_COUNTER ≥ m, step S509 is executed.

[0198] m is equal to X * NSFS, where X is the number of time slots in the access opportunity set and NSFS is the frequency number of the access opportunity set.

[0199] The access opportunity set here refers to the set of access opportunities corresponding to a trigger message.

[0200] S505. The A-IoT device generates a random integer k of 16 - p bits.

[0201] 0 ≤ k < 2 16-p 。

[0202] S506. The A-IoT device generates a 16-bit random number RD (which can also be denoted as RN, or random, etc.).

[0203] The above IDEX and k can be filled into the 16-bit positions of the random number according to a preset rule. That is, the above p-bit IDEX can be any p bits among the 16 bits.

[0204] In one implementation, the high p bits of RD are filled with the above IDEX, and the low 16 - p bits are filled with the generated random integer k.

[0205] In another implementation, the low p bits of RD are filled with the above IDEX, and the high 16 - p bits are filled with the generated random integer k.

[0206] In another implementation, a total of p bits from the n1-th bit to the n2-th bit of RD are filled with the above IDEX, and the remaining bits are filled with the above random number k, where n1, n2, and p are all positive integers less than 16.

[0207] S507. Fill the generated random number RD into the random number identifier (random ID) field of MSG 1.

[0208] S508. Among the m random access opportunities triggered by the above paging message, select the (AO_COUNTER + 1)-th random access opportunity to transmit MSG 1.

[0209] S509. In the case of receiving a trigger message (R2D trigger message), execute step S510; otherwise, do not perform any operation.

[0210] That is, in the case of AO_COUNTER ≥ m, wait for the next R2D trigger message.

[0211] S510. Decrease the value of AO_COUNTER by m.

[0212] That is, AO_COUNTER = AO_COUNTER - m.

[0213] S511. In the case of AO_COUNTER < m, execute step S512; otherwise, in the case of AO_COUNTER ≥ m, do not perform any operation.

[0214] m equals X * NSFS, where X is the number of time slots in the access opportunity set and the number of frequencies in the NSFS access opportunity set.

[0215] The set of access opportunities here refers to the collection of access opportunities corresponding to a single trigger message. This is the subset of access opportunities mentioned above.

[0216] It should be noted that the "not performing operation" here only means not performing subsequent operations, but will still continue to wait for the next R2D trigger message. Therefore, it can also be understood that when AO_COUNTER ≥ m, it will switch to executing step S509.

[0217] The S512 A-IoT device generates a 16-p bit random integer k.

[0218] 0 ≤ k < 2 16-p .

[0219] S513, the A-IoT device generates a 16-bit random number RD (which can also be represented as RN, or random, etc.).

[0220] For instructions on filling in the blanks, please refer to step S506. They will not be repeated here.

[0221] S514. Fill the generated random number RD into the Random ID field of MSG 1.

[0222] S515. Among the m random access opportunities triggered by the above paging message, select the AO_COUNTER+1th random access opportunity to transmit MSG 1.

[0223] It can be seen that steps S511-S515 correspond almost one-to-one with steps S504-S508, therefore, Figure 5 It can also be simplified to, after step S510 is executed, proceeding to steps S504-S508, thereby deleting steps S511-S515.

[0224] Figure 6 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating another random number generation method according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 Explanations of relevant terms and parameters can be found in [reference]. Figure 5 I will not go into details.

[0225] S601, the A-IoT device receives a paging message.

[0226] The A-IoT device adopts contention-based random access. The paging message includes the scheduling information of the D2R message, that is, it indicates the transmission resources of MSG1.

[0227] S602. The A-IoT device generates a 16-bit random integer RD, where 0 ≤ RD < 2 16 .

[0228] S603. The A-IoT device extracts the high p bits of the random number RD and denotes it as IDEX, where 0 ≤ IDEX < n.

[0229] In one example, n is the total number of random access opportunities configured in the paging message, and n = 2 p .

[0230] It should be understood that any p bits can also be taken and denoted as IDEX.

[0231] S604. The A-IoT device assigns IDEX to AO_COUNTER.

[0232] That is, AO_COUNTER = IDEX.

[0233] S605. When AO_COUNTER < m, step S606 is executed; otherwise, when AO_COUNTER ≥ m, step S608 is executed.

[0234] m is equal to X * NSFS, where X is the number of time slots in the access opportunity set and NSFS is the frequency number of the access opportunity set.

[0235] S606. Fill the generated random number into the random ID field of MSG 1.

[0236] S607. Among the m random access opportunities triggered by the above paging message, select the (AO_COUNTER + 1)-th random access opportunity to transmit MSG 1.

[0237] S608. When a trigger message (R2D trigger message) is received, step S609 is executed; otherwise, no operation is performed.

[0238] S609. Decrease the value of AO_COUNTER by m.

[0239] That is, AO_COUNTER = AO_COUNTER – m.

[0240] S610. When AO_COUNTER < m, execute step S611; otherwise, when AO_COUNTER ≥ m, do not perform any operation.

[0241] S611. Fill the generated random number into the random ID field of MSG 1.

[0242] S612. Among the m random access opportunities triggered by the above paging message, select the (AO_COUNTER + 1)-th random access opportunity to transmit MSG 1.

[0243] Steps S610 - S612 basically correspond one by one to steps S605 - S607. Therefore, Figure 6 it can also be simplified to, after step S609 is completed, switch to execute steps S605 - S607, thus removing steps S610 - S612.

[0244] Figure 7 is a schematic flowchart of a method for generating MSG2 in an embodiment of this application. Next, Figure 7 the steps will be introduced. Figure 7 The method shown is executed by the reader.

[0245] S701. After receiving MSG 1 (Random ID message), read the 16-bit random number RD in the random ID field.

[0246] S702. Divide the random number RD into two parts A and B with the same length.

[0247] Each part is 8 bits, where A is the high 8 bits and B is the low 8 bits.

[0248] S703. Perform an exclusive OR operation on B with A to generate Q.

[0249] That is, Q = A ⊕ B.

[0250] S704. Write Q into the random ID field of MSG 2 (random ID response message).

[0251] S705. Allocate transmission resources for the A-IoT device corresponding to the random number RD for MSG 3 (D2R upper layer data transfer message), and write the allocated resource information into MSG 2.

[0252] S706. Send MSG 2 to the A-IoT device, and the A-IoT device receives MSG2 accordingly.

[0253] After receiving MSG2, the A-IoT device can... Figure 8 The processing steps are to restore the random ID and send MSG3.

[0254] Figure 8 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating how an A-IoT device processes the received MSG2 according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 The method shown is executed by an A-IoT device.

[0255] S801: After receiving MSG 2, read the data Q in its random ID field.

[0256] The data Q is the 8-bit data generated by the reader through an XOR operation.

[0257] S802 and A-IoT devices read the reference random number RD from their own cache.

[0258] The reference random number RD is the random number that was saved and included in MSG 1 when MSG 1 was sent.

[0259] S803: Divide the 16-bit random number RD into two parts, C and D, of equal length.

[0260] Each part is 8 bits, where C is the high 8 bits and D is the low 8 bits.

[0261] S804. Perform an XOR operation on the data Q and C to obtain X.

[0262] That is, X = C ⊕ Q.

[0263] S805. Perform an XOR operation on the data Q and D to obtain Y.

[0264] That is Y = D ⊕ Q.

[0265] S806, connect X and Y in series to obtain Z.

[0266] That is, Z = Y || X.

[0267] S807. If RD = Z, proceed to step S808; otherwise, confirm that the A-IoT device corresponding to the random number RD has failed to connect randomly.

[0268] S808, the random access of the A-IoT device corresponding to the random number RD was successfully completed.

[0269] S809. Based on MSG2, send MSG3.

[0270] Using the wireless resources allocated to the A-IoT device corresponding to the random number RD in MSG 2, send MSG 3 to the reader.

[0271] It should be noted that the mathematical principle used to recover the random number is: B = A ⊕ (A ⊕ B). MSG2 transmits the XOR value of the high 8 bits and low 8 bits of the random number M. A-IoT devices with random number M can recover the random number transmitted by MSG2 based on the XOR value and the information of random number M.

[0272] To facilitate a further understanding of the present application, the overall execution process and results of the present application are described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0273] Figure 9 This is an example of the execution process of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 For explanations of the relevant parameters, please refer to the above text, especially... Figures 5-8 The content will not be repeated here. It should also be understood that... Figure 9 The examples provided are for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the solution and are based on specific numerical values. However, the parameter names and specific numerical values ​​are merely examples and are not subject to any limitations.

[0274] like Figure 9 As shown, a paging message cycle includes four R2D trigger message cycles. The paging message is responsible for configuring the random access resources (ROs) within a paging message cycle. The index number of the random access opportunity (RO) is as follows: Figure 9 As shown in the four dashed boxes, the R2D trigger (R2D triggermessage) is responsible for inducing the A-IoT device to determine the set of random access opportunities corresponding to the R2D trigger from the access opportunities indicated by the paging message. Figure 9 The four trigger messages (R2D triggers) correspond to eight Returning Opportunities (ROs), which are numbered 0-7, 8-15, 16-23, and 24-31 for easy distinction. In other words, there are four sets of random access opportunities, each containing eight ROs, numbered 0-7, 8-15, 16-23, and 24-31 respectively.

[0275] The following example of the random access of three A-IoT devices will be used to illustrate the solution of this application.

[0276] Since there are 32 random access opportunities within a paging message period (n=32 as mentioned above), we can use 5 bits to describe the index number of the random access opportunity (IDEX), where n=32=2. 5 p=5. Additionally, there are 8 random access opportunities in one R2D trigger cycle, meaning m=8. This means the total number of access opportunities in the access opportunity set is 32, and the number of access opportunities in each access opportunity subset is 8.

[0277] 1. A-IoT device construction and transmission MSG1.

[0278] When constructing and transmitting MSG1 in an A-IoT device, random numbers can be generated in stages or all at once, as explained below.

[0279] 1.1 The random numbers in MSG1 are generated in stages.

[0280] After receiving the paging message, Device 1 (an A-IoT device) generates a 5-bit random number IDEX1 = 00101. It then selects the appropriate device based on this random number. Figure 9 The first random access opportunity in the first random access set has an index number of 5. Let AO_COUNTER = 5, and then generate an 11-bit (16-5=11) random number k1 = 01010011011. Concatenate IDEX1 and k to get the random number RD1 = IDEX1 || k1 = 0010101010011011. Since AO_COUNTER < 8, Device 1 puts the random number RD1 into the Random ID field of MSG1 and sends MSG1 on the random access opportunity with index number 5.

[0281] After receiving the Paging message, Device 2 (another A-IoT device) generates a 5-bit random number IDEX2 = 01110. It then selects the appropriate device based on this random number. Figure 9The second random access set contains access opportunity number 14. Let AO_COUNTER = 14, then generate an 11-bit (16-5=11) random number k2 = 10110111011. Concatenate IDEX2 and k2 to obtain the random number RD2 = IDEX2 || k2 = 0111010110111011. Device2 places the random number RD2 into the Random ID field of MSG1. Since AO_COUNTER > 8, Device2 waits to receive R2D trigger messages. When it receives the first R2D trigger message, AO_COUNTER = 14 – 8 = 6. Since AO_COUNTER < 8, Device2 sends MSG 1 on access opportunity number 14.

[0282] After receiving the paging message, Device 3 (another A-IoT device) generates a 5-bit random number, IDEX3 = 10101. The device then selects a device based on this random number. Figure 9 Access opportunity with index number 21 in the third random access set. Let AO_COUNTER = 21, and then generate an 11-bit random number k3 = 10110111011. Concatenate IDEX3 and k3 to obtain the random number RD3 = IDEX3 || k3 = 1010110110111011. Device3 puts the random number RD3 into the Random ID field of MSG1. Since AO_COUNTER > 8, Device 3 waits to receive R2D trigger messages. When the first R2D trigger message is received, AO_COUNTER = 21 – 8 = 13. Since AO_COUNTER > 8, no action is taken. Continue waiting for the next R2D trigger message. When the second R2D trigger message is received, AO_COUNTER = 13 – 8 = 5. Since AO_COUNTER < 8, Device3 will send the MSG1 on the access opportunity with index number 21.

[0283] 1.2 The random numbers in MSG1 are generated in stages.

[0284] After receiving the Paging message, Device 1 generates a random number RD1 = 0010101010011011, and takes the high 5 bits of RD1 as IDEX1 = 00101. The device then selects the appropriate device based on this value. Figure 9The access opportunity with index number 5 in the first random access set. Let AO_COUNTER = IDEX1 = 5. Since AO_COUNTER < 8, Device 1 puts the random number RD1 into the Random ID field of MSG1 and sends MSG1 on the random access opportunity with index number 5.

[0285] After receiving the Paging message, Device 2 generates a random number RD2 = 0111010110111011, and takes the high 5 bits of RD2 as IDEX2 = 00101. The device then selects the appropriate value based on this value. Figure 9 The second random access set contains the access opportunity with index number 14. Let AO_COUNTER = IDEX2 = 14. Device 2 places the random number RD2 into the Random ID field of MSG1. Since AO_COUNTER > 8, Device 2 waits to receive R2D trigger messages. When it receives the first R2D trigger message, AO_COUNTER = 14 – 8 = 6. Since AO_COUNTER < 8, Device 2 sends MSG 1 on the access opportunity with index number 14.

[0286] After receiving the Paging message, Device 3 generates a random number RD3 = 10101101101111011, and takes the high 5 bits of RD3 as IDEX3 = 10101. The device then selects the appropriate device based on this random number. Figure 9 Device 3 selects the access opportunity with index number 21 in the third random access set. Let AO_COUNTER = IDEX3 = 21. Device 3 places the random number RD3 into the Random ID field of MSG1. Since AO_COUNTER > 8, Device 3 waits to receive R2D trigger messages. When it receives the first R2D trigger message, AO_COUNTER = 21 – 8 = 13. Since AO_COUNTER > 8, no action is taken. It continues to wait for the next R2D trigger message. When it receives the second R2D trigger message, AO_COUNTER = 13 – 8 = 5. Since AO_COUNTER < 8, Device 3 sends MSG1 on the access opportunity with index number 21.

[0287] Comparing the schemes in 1.1 and 1.2 above, it can be seen that this application simply adds a new indication capability to the random number, enabling A-IoT devices to select the corresponding access opportunity according to the indication of the random number (specifically, the indication of p bits in the random number). This does not affect the ability of the random number itself to identify A-IoT devices, nor does it introduce new parameters. Furthermore, since the access timing is selected based on the random number, the same random number will inevitably be sent at the same access timing, thus eliminating the competition and conflict problem caused by mutual interference. Neither of the two methods of generating random numbers breaks its randomness, therefore it does not affect the identification capability of A-IoT devices. However, directly generating a random number all at once and selecting p bits results in fewer operation steps, less computation, and lower power consumption.

[0288] 2. Reader construction and transmission of MSG2.

[0289] When the reader receives MSG1 from Device 1, it reads RD1 (0010101010011011) from the Random ID field of MSG1. RD1 is then divided into two parts of equal length, A (high 8 bits) and B (low 8 bits), i.e., A = 00101010, B = 10011011. A ⊕ B = 10110001 is calculated, and 10110001 is placed into the Random ID field of MSG2. Simultaneously, the resource allocation information for the transmission allocated to Device 1's MSG3 is placed into MSG2.

[0290] When the reader receives MSG1 from Device2, it reads RD2 (01110101101111011) from the Random ID field of MSG1. RD2 is divided into two parts of equal length, A (high 8 bits) and B (low 8 bits), i.e., A = 01110101, B = 10111011. A ⊕ B = 11001110 is calculated, and 11001110 is placed into the Random ID field of MSG2. Simultaneously, the resource allocation information for the transmission allocated to Device2's MSG3 is placed into MSG2.

[0291] When the reader receives MSG1 from Device 3, it reads RD3 (10101101101111011) from the Random ID field of MSG1. RD3 is divided into two parts of equal length, A (high 8 bits) and B (low 8 bits), i.e., A = 10101101, B = 10111011. A ⊕ B = 00010110 is calculated, and 00010110 is placed into the Random ID field of MSG2. Simultaneously, the resource allocation information for the transmission allocated to Device 3's MSG3 is placed into MSG2.

[0292] 3. The A-IoT device processes the received MSG2.

[0293] When the Reader receives MSG2 from Device 1, it reads the value Q = 10110001, which is the result of an XOR operation on the Random ID field in MSG2. Device 1 divides the stored RD1 (0111010110111011) into two parts of equal bit length, A (high 8 bits) and B (low 8 bits), i.e., A = 00101010, B = 10011011. It calculates X = A ⊕ Q = 00101010 ⊕ 10110001 = 10011011 = B, and Y = B ⊕ Q = 10011011 ⊕ 10110001 = A. Concatenating Y and X gives RD = Y || X = 0010101010011011. Since RD1 = RD, Device 1 has successfully connected.

[0294] When the Reader receives MSG2 from Device 2, it reads the XOR value Q = 11001110 of the Random ID field in MSG2. Device 2 then divides the stored RD2 (0111010110111011) into two parts of equal length, A (high 8 bits) and B (low 8 bits), i.e., A = 01110101 and B = 10111011. It calculates X = A ⊕ Q = 01110101 ⊕ 11001110 = 10111011 = B, and Y = B ⊕ Q = 10111011 ⊕ 11001110 = A. Concatenating Y and X gives RD = Y || X = 0111010110111011. Since RD2 = RD, Device 2 has successfully connected.

[0295] When the Reader receives MSG2 from Device 3, it reads the XOR value Q = 00010110 of the Random ID field in MSG2. Device 1 divides the stored RD3 (1010110110111011) into two parts of equal bit length, A (high 8 bits) and B (low 8 bits), i.e., A = 10101101, B = 10111011. X = A ⊕ Q = 10101101 ⊕ 00010110 = 10111011 = B, Y = B ⊕ Q = 10111011 ⊕ 00010110 = A. Concatenating Y and X gives RD = Y || X = 1010110110111011. Since RD3 = RD, Device 3 connection is successful.

[0296] This application's solution incorporates the random access resource index into the random ID representing the A-IoT identifier, adding new physical meaning to the existing parameters. Compared to the traditional approach of adding a Bitmap field to MSG2, this solution resolves random contention conflicts while reducing the load on MSG2. Furthermore, it is applicable not only to MSG2 reuse methods but also to non-reuse MSG2 methods, offering greater versatility.

[0297] Furthermore, the above text also employs network coding technology to optimize the transmission of the random ID in MSG 2. By performing an XOR operation between the high 8 bits and low 8 bits of the random ID, and transmitting the result along with MSG2, the transmitted random ID is reduced from 16 bits to 8 bits. However, it should be noted that this solution requires the A-IoT device to have the capability to perform XOR operations; it is not applicable to A-IoT devices that do not possess this capability.

[0298] It should be understood that the flowcharts or scene diagrams shown above are for ease of understanding only and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this application to the examples shown. In fact, those skilled in the art can make equivalent transformations based on the examples in the figures above to obtain more implementation methods.

[0299] The methods provided by the embodiments of this application have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. The apparatus embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the communication apparatus of the embodiments of this application can execute the various communication methods described above, i.e., the specific working processes of the various products described below can be referred to the corresponding processes in the described method embodiments. The steps or operations in the embodiments above are merely examples; the embodiments of this application can also perform other operations or variations thereof. Furthermore, the steps may be executed in different orders as presented in the embodiments, and it is not necessary to execute all the operations described in the embodiments of this application. Moreover, the sequence number of each step does not imply the order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0300] Figure 10 This is a schematic block diagram of a data transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of this application. The communication apparatus 2000 may be an A-IoT device or a reader, a chip, chip system, or processor, etc., implementing the above-described methods. The communication apparatus 2000 can be used to implement the methods described in the above-described method embodiments; for details, please refer to the descriptions in the above-described method embodiments.

[0301] like Figure 10 As shown, the communication device 2000 may include one or more processors 2001, which may also be referred to as processing units or processing modules, and can implement certain control functions. The processor 2001 may be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor, such as a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor can be used to process communication protocols and communication data, while the central processing unit can be used to control the communication device 2000 (e.g., a base station, baseband chip, user, user chip), execute software programs, and process data from the software programs.

[0302] In an alternative design, the processor 2001 may also store instructions and / or data that can be executed by the processor 2001 to cause the communication device 2000 to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments.

[0303] In another alternative design, the communication device 2000 may include a communication interface 2002 for implementing receiving and transmitting functions. For example, the communication interface 2002 may be a transceiver circuit, interface, interface circuit, or transceiver. The transceiver circuit, interface, interface circuit, or transceiver for implementing receiving and transmitting functions may be separate or integrated. The aforementioned transceiver circuit, interface, interface circuit, or transceiver may be used for reading and writing code / data, or it may be used for transmitting or relaying signals.

[0304] Optionally, the communication device 2000 may include one or more memories 2003, which may store instructions that can be executed on the processor 2001, causing the communication device 2000 to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments. Optionally, the memories 2003 may also store data. Optionally, the processor 2001 may also store instructions and / or data. The processor 2001 and the memories 2003 may be provided separately or integrated together.

[0305] It should be understood that, in one possible design, the steps in the method embodiments provided in this application can be implemented by integrated logic circuits in the processor's hardware or by instructions in software form. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor. The software modules can reside in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. This storage medium is located in memory, and the processor reads messages from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, detailed descriptions are not provided here.

[0306] The communication device 2000 can correspond to any of the devices in the above method embodiments, such as an A-IoT device, a reader, etc., and can be used to execute the various steps and / or processes executed by any of the devices in the above method embodiments. The processor 2001 can be used to execute the instructions stored in the memory 2003, and when the processor 2001 executes the instructions stored in the memory, the processor 2001 is used to execute the various steps and / or processes of the method embodiments corresponding to any of the above devices.

[0307] It should be understood that the aforementioned processing device can be one or more chips. For example, the processing device can be a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a system-on-chip (SoC), a central processor unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller unit (MCU), a programmable logic device (PLD), or other integrated chips.

[0308] It is understood that the memory in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous linked dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory used in the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0309] This application also provides a chip system including one or more processors for calling and executing instructions stored in memory, thereby performing the methods described in the embodiments of this application. The chip system may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices.

[0310] The chip system may include input circuitry or interface for sending messages or data, and output circuitry or interface for receiving messages or data.

[0311] This application also provides a communication system that includes any of the aforementioned data transmission devices.

[0312] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a computer program product, which includes: computer program code, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the various steps or processes executed by any of the devices in any of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0313] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing program code that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the various steps or processes performed by the network device or terminal device in any of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0314] The computer-readable storage medium may be the aforementioned volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or it may include both volatile memory and non-volatile memory.

[0315] In the embodiments of this application, the terms and English abbreviations are exemplary examples given for ease of description and should not be construed as limiting the application in any way. This application does not preclude the possibility of defining other terms that can achieve the same or similar functions in existing or future agreements.

[0316] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When these computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated.

[0317] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0318] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0319] In summary, the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the technical solution of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A data transmission method applied to environmental Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices, characterized in that, include: A first random number is generated to represent the A-IoT device, and a second random number in the first random number is used to indicate the access opportunity for the A-IoT device to send a first message; At the access opportunity indicated by the second random number, the first message is sent to the reader, the first message including the first random number.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The generation of the first random number to represent the A-IoT device includes: Generate the second random number and the third random number respectively, and then combine the second random number and the third random number into the first random number; or, Generate the first random number, and determine the second random number from the first random number.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of generating the second random number and the third random number respectively, and merging the second random number and the third random number into the first random number, includes: The second random number and the third random number are combined into the first random number according to the first preset rule.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first preset rule is that the second random number is before or after the third random number.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of generating the second random number and the third random number respectively, and merging the second random number and the third random number into the first random number, includes: Generate the second random number; If the second random number is less than or equal to the first threshold, the third random number is generated. The first threshold is the total number of access opportunities for each subset of access opportunities. The A-IoT device corresponds to a set of access opportunities, and the set of access opportunities includes at least one subset of access opportunities. If the second random number is greater than the first threshold, wait for the next trigger message to arrive. After the next trigger message arrives, subtract the first threshold from the second random number to obtain a new second random number. Then, use the new second random number to execute the above steps again to generate the third random number if the second random number is less than or equal to the first threshold.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second random number is p consecutive bits from the first random number, where p is a positive integer and p is less than or equal to the number of bits in the first random number.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The consecutive p bits are either consecutive p bits starting from the first bit of the first random number, or consecutive p bits ending from the last bit of the first random number.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The number of bits in the second random number is determined based on the total number of access opportunities in the access opportunity pool of the A-IoT device, with each access opportunity corresponding to a second random number value.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive and determine the set of access opportunities for the A-IoT device based on the paging message from the reader, the paging message being used to configure resources for at least one A-IoT device, the configured resources including the access opportunities available to the A-IoT device; Upon receiving the paging message or the trigger message, the access opportunity indicated by the second random number is determined from the subset of access opportunities in the access opportunity set. Each paging period of the paging message includes the trigger period of at least one trigger message, and each paging message and each trigger message correspond to a subset of access opportunities.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Sending the first message to the reader during the access opportunity indicated by the second random number includes: Fill the first random number into the first message; At the access opportunity indicated by the second random number, the first message is sent to the reader.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: Store the first random number; Receive a second message from the reader, the second message including first data, the first data being obtained by the reader after performing a first operation using the first random number, the number of bits in the first data being less than the number of bits in the first random number; Using the first data and the stored first random number, perform the inverse operation of the first operation to obtain the second data; If the second data is the same as the first random number, it is determined that the A-IoT device has successfully connected. If the second data is different from the first random number, it is determined that the A-IoT device has successfully connected.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The first operation is an XOR operation. The step of using the first data and the stored first random number to perform the inverse operation of the first operation to obtain the second data includes: The first random number is divided into a first part and a second part with equal number of bits according to the same preset segmentation rule as the reader; Perform an XOR operation on the first part and the second part to obtain the second data.

13. A data transmission method applied to a reader, characterized in that, include: Receive a first message from an A-IoT device in the environment, the first message including a first random number representing the A-IoT device; The first message is sent by the A-IoT device at the first access opportunity, where the first access opportunity is the access opportunity indicated by the second random number in the first random number; A second message is sent to the A-IoT device, the second message including indication information of the first random number.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The method further includes: The first random number is used to perform a first operation to obtain first data, wherein the number of bits in the first data is less than the number of bits in the first random number; the first data is the indication information of the first random number.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, The first operation is an XOR operation, and the step of performing the first operation using the first random number to obtain the first data includes: The first random number is divided into a first part and a second part with equal number of bits according to the same preset segmentation rule as the A-IoT device. The first part and the second part are XORed to obtain the first data.

16. A data transmission device, characterized in that, The device includes at least one processor coupled to a memory storing a program or instructions, the processor executing the program or instructions to cause the data transmission device to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, or to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 15.

17. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program or instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program or instructions are executed, they cause the computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 15.

18. A communication system, characterized in that, Includes the data transmission apparatus as described in claim 16.

19. A chip system, characterized in that, The chip system includes one or more processors, which are configured to retrieve and execute instructions stored in memory, such that the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 15 is performed.

Images