Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to the photovoltaic field, and provides a photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of battery pieces arranged at intervals, a packaging layer covering the battery pieces, a light guide layer and a cover plate, and the light guide layer is located between the packaging layer and the cover plate at the light incident side of the battery pieces; the light guide layer at least comprises a first light guide structure which is arranged corresponding to the interval of the battery pieces and comprises at least one first prism; the second light guide structure is positioned on the periphery of the first light guide structure, is arranged corresponding to the battery piece positioned on the edge in the plurality of battery pieces, and comprises at least one second prism; wherein the extension directions of the first prism and the second prism are parallel to the cover plate, the areas of the cross sections of the first prism and the second prism are gradually reduced in the direction which is parallel to the thickness direction of the light guide layer and points to the battery piece from the cover plate, and the shapes of the cross sections of the first prism and the second prism are different. The photovoltaic module provided by the embodiment of the invention at least can improve the light utilization rate of the photovoltaic module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaics, and in particular to a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic modules are typically composed of several solar cells arranged in series and parallel and encapsulated. However, due to the constraints of the layout and the wires of the soldering, there are inevitably non-light-receiving areas such as "cell gaps" and "string gaps" between cells and between strings. Incident light passing through these gaps cannot be absorbed by the cells, resulting in a decrease in the effective light-receiving area and a loss of module output power. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a photovoltaic module that at least solves the problem of how to efficiently recover light leakage between solar cells, thereby improving the utilization rate of light by the photovoltaic module.

[0004] According to some embodiments of this application, one aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module including a plurality of solar cells arranged at intervals, an encapsulation layer covering the solar cells, a light guiding layer and a cover plate, the light guiding layer being located between the encapsulation layer and the cover plate on the light-incident side of the solar cells, for refracting incident light to the solar cells; the light guiding layer includes at least: a first light guiding structure, corresponding to the intervals of the solar cells, including at least one first prism; a second light guiding structure, located around the first light guiding structure and corresponding to the solar cells located at the edges of the plurality of solar cells, including at least one second prism; wherein, the extending directions of the first prism and the second prism are parallel to the cover plate, and in a direction parallel to the thickness direction of the light guiding layer and from the cover plate to the solar cells, the cross-sectional areas of the first prism and the second prism gradually decrease, and the cross-sectional shapes of the first prism and the second prism are different.

[0005] In some embodiments, the first light guide structure is an axisymmetric structure; at least one surface of the second light guide structure located away from the first light guide structure is parallel to the thickness direction of the light guide layer.

[0006] In some embodiments, the first prism includes a single arc-shaped first side surface, and the arc-shaped first side surface is an axisymmetric structure; or, the first prism includes two planar first side surfaces, the two planar first side surfaces being connected near one end of the battery cell and arranged symmetrically to each other.

[0007] In some embodiments, when the first prism includes the two planar first sides, the cross-sectional shape of the first prism in the thickness direction of the light guiding layer is an isosceles triangle, and the angle of the isosceles triangle on the side closer to the battery cell ranges from 30° to 150°.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first light guide structure includes a plurality of first prisms, the cross-section of the first prisms in the thickness direction of the light guide layer is a right triangle, and some of the first prisms are arranged axially symmetrically with the other first prisms.

[0009] In some embodiments, the second prism includes two second side surfaces, wherein the two second side surfaces are connected at one end near the battery cell, and the second side surface away from the first light guide structure is parallel to the thickness direction of the light guide layer, and the second side surface near the first light guide structure is an arc-shaped surface or a plane.

[0010] In some embodiments, when the second side of the second prism near the first light guiding structure is a plane, the shape of the cross section of the second prism in the thickness direction of the light guiding layer is a right triangle, and the angle of the right triangle near the battery cell is in the range of 10° to 45°.

[0011] In some embodiments, the plurality of battery cells are arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction, the first direction and the second direction intersecting; the first prism extends along the first direction or the second direction, or the extension direction of the first prism forms a set angle with the first direction and the second direction; the second prism extends along the first direction or the second direction.

[0012] In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the gap between the battery cells onto the cover plate falls within the range of the orthographic projection of the first light guide structure onto the cover plate; the orthographic projection of the edge of the battery cell located at the edge of the plurality of battery cells onto the cover plate falls within the range of the orthographic projection of the second light guide structure onto the cover plate.

[0013] In some embodiments, the refractive index of the light guiding layer is less than the refractive index of the encapsulation layer.

[0014] The technical solution provided in this application has at least the following advantages:

[0015] This application provides a photovoltaic module, which includes a plurality of solar cells arranged at intervals, an encapsulation layer covering the solar cells, a light guiding layer, and a cover plate. The light guiding layer is located between the encapsulation layer and the cover plate on the light-incident side of the solar cells and is used to refract incident light to the solar cells. The light guiding layer includes at least: a first light guiding structure, which is arranged at intervals corresponding to the solar cells and includes at least one first prism; and a second light guiding structure, which is located around the first light guiding structure and is arranged corresponding to the solar cells located at the edges of the plurality of solar cells and includes at least one second prism. The extension directions of the first prism and the second prism are parallel to the cover plate. In the direction parallel to the thickness direction of the light guiding layer and from the cover plate to the solar cells, the cross-sectional areas of the first prism and the second prism gradually decrease, and the cross-sectional shapes of the first prism and the second prism are different. By setting a light guiding layer on the inner side of the front cover plate, forming a first light guiding structure in the area corresponding to the gaps between the solar cells, and forming a second light guiding structure on the periphery of the solar cell array, the extension directions of the first and second light guiding structures are parallel to the plate and gradually decrease along the thickness direction, thereby forming a refractive surface at a certain angle to the cover plate. This refracts the light leakage that might otherwise leak from the gaps between the solar cells and the edges of the module to the nearby solar cell surface for utilization. By setting the first and second light guiding structures with different shapes, it is possible to match different light guiding requirements at the gaps between the solar cells and the edges of the module, while reducing the amount of light leakage at the gaps between the solar cells and the edges of the module, and improving the utilization rate of incident light from the gaps between the solar cells and the edges of the module. Attached Figure Description

[0016] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Unless otherwise stated, the drawings in the accompanying drawings do not constitute a limitation on scale. In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or in the conventional art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first prism provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 4This is a schematic cross-sectional view of another photovoltaic module provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first prism provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of another photovoltaic module provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second prism provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0025] As is known from the background art, there are gaps between the cells of a photovoltaic module. In order to solve the problem of how to efficiently recover the light leakage between the cells and thus improve the light utilization rate of the photovoltaic module, this application provides a photovoltaic module.

[0026] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0027] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0028] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A exists, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the related objects before and after it have an "or" relationship.

[0029] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0032] In the accompanying drawings corresponding to the embodiments of this application, the thickness and area of ​​the layers are enlarged for better understanding and ease of description. When describing a component (such as a layer, film, region, or substrate) on or on the surface of another component, the component may be "directly" located on the surface of the other component, or there may be a third component between the two components. Conversely, when describing a component on the surface of another component, or when another component is formed or disposed on the surface of a component, it indicates that there is no third component between the two components. Furthermore, when describing a component as being "generally" formed on another component, it means that the component is not formed on the entire surface (or front surface) of the other component, nor is it formed on a portion of the edge of the entire surface.

[0033] In the description of the embodiments of this application, when a component "includes" another component, other components are not excluded unless otherwise stated, and other components may be further included. Furthermore, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is referred to as being "on / located" on another component, it can be "directly on" the other component (i.e., located on the surface of the other component with no other components between them), or another component may be present therein. Moreover, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is "directly located" on another component, or when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is located on the surface of another component, it indicates that no other components are located therein.

[0034] The terminology used in the description of the various embodiments described herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various embodiments and the appended claims, the term "foreword" is also intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Components include layers, films, regions, or plates, etc.

[0035] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will understand that many technical details have been provided in the embodiments of this application to facilitate a better understanding of the application. However, the technical solutions claimed in this application can be implemented even without these technical details and various variations and modifications based on the following embodiments.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the photovoltaic module includes multiple solar cells 100 arranged at intervals, an encapsulation layer 200 covering the solar cells 100, a light guiding layer 300, and a cover plate 400. The following is a detailed description of each of the above components.

[0037] The solar cell 100 can be a single-sided solar cell or a double-sided solar cell. A single-sided solar cell uses only one side as its light-incoming side to absorb light, while a double-sided solar cell can use both sides as its light-incoming side to absorb light.

[0038] The encapsulation layer 200 may be, but is not limited to, one of the following: ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyolefin elastomer (POE), or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). It has high light transmittance to ensure that as much sunlight as possible penetrates to the surface of the solar cell. The encapsulation layer 200 covers the surface of the solar cell 100 and protects it from moisture and dust, resists the influence of external environmental factors, maintains the long-term stability and reliability of the photovoltaic module, and also provides mechanical support for the module. Typically, encapsulation layers 200 are provided on both sides of the solar cell 100.

[0039] The light guiding layer 300 is located between the encapsulation layer 200 and the cover plate 400 on the light-incident side of the solar cell 100, and is used to refract incident light onto the solar cell 100. When the solar cell 100 is a single-sided solar cell, the light guiding layer 300 is only provided on one side of the solar cell 100. When the solar cell 100 is a bifacial solar cell, a light guiding layer 300 can be provided on both sides of the solar cell 100. For ease of explanation, the following description uses the light guiding layer 300 on one side of the solar cell 100 as an example.

[0040] The light guiding layer 300 includes at least a first light guiding structure 500 and a second light guiding structure 600. The first light guiding structure 500 is spaced apart from the battery cells 100 and includes at least one first prism 510. The second light guiding structure 600 is located around the first light guiding structure 500 and corresponds to the edge battery cells 100 among the plurality of battery cells 100. The second light guiding structure 600 includes at least one second prism 610. The first prism 510 and the second prism 610 extend parallel to the cover plate 400. In the direction parallel to the thickness of the light guiding layer 300 and pointing from the cover plate 400 to the battery cells 100, the cross-sectional areas of both the first prism 510 and the second prism 610 gradually decrease, and their cross-sectional shapes are different. It should be understood that the aforementioned edge battery cells 100 refers to the battery cells 100 located closest to the edge of the cover plate 400 among the plurality of battery cells 100.

[0041] In the above embodiments, a light guiding layer 300 is provided on the side of the cover plate 400 facing the cell 100. The light guiding layer 300 has a first light guiding structure 500 in the area corresponding to the gap between the cells 100 and a second light guiding structure 600 around the first light guiding structure 500. The extension directions of the first light guiding structure 500 and the second light guiding structure 600 are parallel to the cover plate 400 and their cross-sections along the thickness direction gradually decrease from top to bottom, thereby forming a refractive surface at a certain angle to the cover plate 400. This refracts the light leakage that might otherwise leak from the gap between the cells 100 and the edge of the module to the surface of the nearby cells 100 for utilization. By setting the first light guiding structure 500 and the second light guiding structure 600 with different shapes, it is possible to match different light guiding requirements at the gap between the cells and the edge of the module, while reducing the amount of light leakage at the gap between the cells and the edge of the module, and improving the utilization rate of incident light from the gap between the cells and the edge of the module in the photovoltaic module.

[0042] In some embodiments of this application, the first light guide structure 500 is an axisymmetric structure, and at least one surface of the second light guide structure 600 located away from the first light guide structure 500 is parallel to the thickness direction of the light guiding layer 300. By designing the first light guide structure 500 as axisymmetric, light falling on the corresponding area of ​​the gap between the solar cells can be symmetrically refracted through the refractive surfaces on both sides and distributed proportionally to the solar cells 100 on both sides of the gap, thereby reducing light loss at the gap and achieving a more uniform light distribution. By setting the surface of the second light guide structure 600 away from the first light guide structure 500 as a vertical plane parallel to the thickness direction of the light guiding layer 300, light leakage caused by light refraction to the outside of the module can be avoided. This allows incident light at the edge of the module to be preferentially deflected towards the inside of the module and guided to the edge solar cells 100, thereby achieving directional redistribution of incident light at the edge and further improving the utilization rate of light by the module.

[0043] In addition, the first prism 510 in the first light guide structure 500 can also be axially symmetrical. Multiple axially symmetrical first prisms 510 are arranged in sequence to form an axially symmetrical first light guide structure 500, which facilitates uniform light distribution.

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a first prism according to an embodiment of this application. In some embodiments of this application, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the first prism 510 may include two planar first side surfaces 511, which are connected at their ends near the battery cell 100 and arranged symmetrically. Thus, the two first side surfaces 511 form refractive interfaces with the cover plate 400 at a certain angle. With the first prism 510 employing two planar and symmetrical first side surfaces connected at their ends near the battery cell 100, incident light can be refracted towards the adjacent battery cells 100 on both sides, achieving a uniform distribution of light to the left and right sides.

[0045] When the first prism 510 includes two planar first sides, the cross-sectional shape of the first prism 510 in the thickness direction of the light guiding layer 300 can be an isosceles triangle. The angle α of the isosceles triangle on the side near the solar cell 100 ranges from 30° to 150°. The isosceles triangle shape of the first prism 510 in the thickness direction of the light guiding layer 300, with symmetrical sides, allows for symmetrical distribution of incident light falling at the gap between the cells, preventing light from being biased to one side. The apex angle on the side near the solar cell 100, ranging from 30° to 150°, provides adjustable space for the refraction and deflection intensity. A smaller apex angle produces a stronger refraction effect, guiding the light more concentratedly to the adjacent areas of the solar cells 100 on both sides. A larger apex angle allows for a wider and more uniform distribution of light across the areas of the solar cells 100 on both sides. The planar and symmetrical sides of the first prism 510 facilitate the design and adjustment of the degree of refraction and the position of light falling according to the size of the apex angle.

[0046] Furthermore, the height H1 of the first prism 510 can be 4 to 50 μm, and the width D1 of a single prism structure can be 10 to 50 μm. When H1 is less than 4 μm, the light deflection is insufficient and the light guiding effect is not obvious. When H1 is greater than 50 μm, the prism is prone to collapse under lamination conditions, and the morphology is difficult to maintain. The above-mentioned height and width range of the first prism 510 is beneficial to ensure the light guiding effect while taking into account the stability of the prism morphology during the lamination process.

[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of another photovoltaic module provided according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of another first prism provided according to an embodiment of this application. In some embodiments of this application, such as... Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the first prism 510 may include a single arc-shaped first side surface 511, and the arc-shaped first side surface 511 has an axisymmetric structure. When the first prism 510 includes a single arc-shaped and axisymmetric first side surface 511, the arc-shaped side surface, based on its continuous curvature, can reduce stress concentration, reduce defects such as edge damage or burrs, and at the same time ensure a large angle range for stable light guiding. In practical applications under sunlight conditions, it can still maintain a stable guiding path and relatively balanced light distribution, reducing losses caused by local scattering and multiple interface reflections. In addition, using an arc-shaped side surface can also improve the morphological consistency and yield of the first prism 510 during the fabrication process.

[0048] like Figure 5As shown, when the first prism 510 includes a single arc-shaped first side surface, and the arc-shaped first side surface 511 is an axisymmetric structure, the arc-shaped first side surface 511 can be a circular arc surface. The width range D2 of the single prism structure can be 10 to 50 μm, and the height range H2 of the first prism 510 is 4 to 50 μm. H2 greater than 4 μm can ensure that the arc surface effectively deflects the transmitted light, and the light guiding gain is more obvious. H2 less than 50 μm helps to avoid morphological distortion caused by prism collapse under lamination temperature and pressure conditions, and improves reliability.

[0049] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of another photovoltaic module provided according to an embodiment of this application. In some other embodiments of this application, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the first light guiding structure 500 includes a plurality of first prisms 510. The cross-section of the first prism 510 in the thickness direction of the light guiding layer 300 is a right triangle. Some of the first prisms 510 are arranged axially symmetrically with the other first prisms 510.

[0050] The first light guide structure 500 consists of multiple first prisms 510 with right-angled triangular cross sections, enabling each prism to have a clear unilateral folding capability. Some of the multiple first prisms 510 are arranged axially symmetrically with other prisms, which can achieve a balanced distribution of light energy from left to right as a whole. Furthermore, the proportion of light rays on both sides and the position of light falling can be adjusted by adjusting the number and width of the first prisms 510 to adapt to different gap widths, incident angle distributions, or target light distribution requirements.

[0051] In practical implementation, the structures of each first light-guiding structure 500 in the light-guiding layer 300 can be the same or different. For example, the light-guiding layer 300 can simultaneously include, for example, the structures of each first light-guiding structure 500 in the light-guiding layer 300 in the light-guiding layer 300 in the light-guiding layer 5 ... Figure 3 The first prism 510 shown and as shown Figure 5 The first prism 510 shown is designed to meet the light guiding requirements of different parts of the photovoltaic module. For ease of processing, multiple first prisms 510 in the same first light guiding structure 500 can be identical.

[0052] In some exemplary embodiments of this application, such as Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the second prism 610 includes two second side surfaces, wherein the two second side surfaces are connected at one end near the battery cell 100, and the second side surface away from the first light guide structure 500 is parallel to the thickness direction of the light guide layer 300, and the second side surface near the first light guide structure 500 is an arc-shaped surface or a plane.

[0053] The second prism 610 has a plane parallel to the thickness direction of the light guiding layer 300 on the side away from the first light guiding structure 500, which is equivalent to setting a vertical optical boundary on the outer edge of the photovoltaic module. This confines the light inside the module, thereby suppressing light leakage to the outside. On the side closer to the first light guiding structure 500, it is either curved or flat, which can be used to directionally refract the confined light towards the inside of the module. The curved surface of the second prism 610 near the first light guiding structure 500 allows for a wider light-receiving area, while the flat surface allows for a clearer refracting path and more concentrated deflection. Thus, without changing other structures, unilateral priority light redistribution can be achieved in the edge region of the photovoltaic module, reducing edge light leakage and directing more light into the edge cell area, thereby improving the light utilization rate of this local area.

[0054] like Figure 6 As shown, the first prism 510 and the second prism 610 can have the same cross-sectional shape, and they can be made using the same mold, so as to facilitate mold reuse, replication and forming and lamination control, improve the consistency and yield of mass production, and improve processing efficiency.

[0055] Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second prism 610 according to an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, when the second side 611 of the second prism 610, which is closer to the first light guide structure 500, is a plane, the shape of the cross section of the second prism 610 in the thickness direction of the light guide layer 300 is a right triangle, and the angle of the right triangle on the side closer to the battery cell 100 ranges from 10° to 45°.

[0056] When the second side 611 of the second prism 610, located near the first light guide structure 500, is planar, light incident on the edge of the module is preferentially guided towards the inside of the module, which helps to improve the effective light reception in the edge area. By setting the apex angle within the range of 10° to 45°, the refraction intensity and light distribution can be parametrically controlled. When the apex angle is smaller, the light deflection is stronger and the light drop is more concentrated in the vicinity of the edge solar cell. When the apex angle is larger, the distribution of light drop points is more spread out.

[0057] like Figure 7As shown, when the second side of the second prism 610 near the first light-guiding structure 500 is flat, the apex angle β ranges from 10° to 45°. The height H3 of the second prism 610 ranges from 4 to 50 μm, and the width D3 of a single prism structure ranges from 10 to 50 μm. Since light deflection is insufficient when the height H3 of the second prism 610 is less than 4 μm, and lamination is prone to prism collapse or morphological distortion when the height H3 of the second prism 610 is greater than 50 μm, the above-mentioned height and width ranges of the second prism 610 are beneficial to ensuring the light guiding effect while taking into account the stability of the prism morphology during the lamination process.

[0058] In some embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 1 Multiple battery cells 100 can be arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction, the first direction and the second direction intersect, the first prism 510 extends along the first direction or the second direction, or the extension direction of the first prism 510 forms a set angle with the first direction and the second direction, and the second prism 610 extends along the first direction or the second direction.

[0059] When the solar cells 100 are arranged along two intersecting reference directions, the first prism 510 extends along one of these directions, or is set at a predetermined angle relative to the two reference directions. This aligns its extension direction with the actual direction of the gaps between the solar cells 100 and the cell strings, thereby achieving continuous coverage in the gap area between the solar cells. This increases the probability of light incident on the solar cells 100 and reduces light leakage and efficiency loss caused by inconsistent orientation. The second prism 610 extends continuously along the first or second direction at the edge of the module, forming a light guide strip consistent with the edge line of the module. This helps suppress light leakage from the outside and directs light falling into the edge strip back to the inside of the module, improving the light utilization rate in the edge area.

[0060] In some embodiments of this application, the orthographic projection of the gap of the battery cell 100 on the cover plate 400 falls within the range of the orthographic projection of the first light guide structure 500 on the cover plate 400, and the orthographic projection of the edge of the battery cell 100 located at the edge of the plurality of battery cells 100 on the cover plate 400 falls within the range of the orthographic projection of the second light guide structure 600 on the cover plate 400.

[0061] In the above embodiments, the orthographic projection of the gap between the solar cells on the cover plate 400 falls within the orthographic projection range of the first light guide structure 500 on the cover plate 400. This allows the incident light passing through the gap between the solar cells to be directly intercepted by the first light guide structure 500 before reaching the encapsulation layer 200, and the light is guided to the surface of the adjacent solar cells 100. This reduces light loss due to alignment deviations, improves the light guide hit rate and distribution stability in the area between the solar cells 100, and also reduces the difference in light received between the solar cells on both sides. The orthographic projection of the edge of the edge solar cell 100 on the cover plate 400 falls within the orthographic projection range of the second light guide structure 600 on the cover plate 400. This allows the light incident on the edge to be preferentially collected by the second light guide structure 600 and guided towards the inside of the module, thereby suppressing light leakage from the outside and increasing the effective incident flux in the edge area. This alignment coverage enables the edge light guide strip to form a continuous effect along the edge of the component. Even if there are assembly errors, the light in the edge area can still fall into the effective receiving range of the second light guide structure 600 and be guided to the edge cell, thereby enhancing the effective light input at the edge.

[0062] In some embodiments of this application, the refractive index of the light guiding layer 300 is lower than that of the encapsulation layer 200. Light rays that have undergone directional deflection by the first prism 510 or the second prism 610 enter the high-refractive-index medium from the low-refractive-index medium. At the interface between the light guiding layer 300 and the encapsulation layer 200, the light rays tend to refract into the encapsulation layer 200 rather than be reflected back into the light guiding layer 300. This reduces the back-and-forth movement and interference of light rays within the light guiding layer 300, allowing the light to be transmitted with higher certainty. After entering the encapsulation layer 200, the light rays continue to propagate in a predetermined direction to the surface of the solar cell 100, directing the transmitted light from the gaps between cells and the edge regions to the solar cell 100 as expected, thereby increasing the effective light intake of the module.

[0063] In some embodiments of this application, the materials of the first light guide structure 500 and the second light guide structure 600 may be one or more of high-transmittance acrylic resin or epoxy resin, and the material composition may be adjusted according to the refractive index ratio and reliability requirements.

[0064] In some embodiments of this application, the light guiding layer 300 can be prepared by an imprinting process. The preparation process of the light guiding layer 300 may include: coating the material of the light guiding structure onto a carrier film and forming a first light guiding structure 500 and a second light guiding structure 600 by molding, then attaching the first light guiding structure 500 and the second light guiding structure 600 to the surface of the cover plate 400 and curing them to form the light guiding layer 300; then stacking and assembling the cover plate 400 with the light guiding layer 300, the encapsulation layer 200 and the battery cell 100 according to the conventional encapsulation process, so that the light guiding structure is located between the cover plate 400 and the encapsulation layer 200 and aligned with the gap and edge areas of the cell; finally, performing a lamination process to complete the encapsulation.

[0065] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the photovoltaic module may further include a support layer 800, located between the light guiding layer 300 and the encapsulation layer 200, to improve the mechanical strength of the light guiding layer 300, prevent it from collapsing, and thus improve its reliability. Exemplarily, the material of the support layer 800 may be polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or its derivatives. A sandwich layer 700 may also be provided between the light guiding layer 300 and the support layer 800 to fill the gap between them, further improving reliability. The refractive indices of the support layer 800 and the sandwich layer 700 are at least greater than the refractive index of the light guiding layer 300 to avoid light loss due to total internal reflection at the interface. The refractive indices of the support layer 800 and the sandwich layer 700 may be the same or similar to reduce light deflection at their interface, ensuring that light is incident on the solar cell 100 as expected.

[0066] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are specific examples of implementing this application, and in practical applications, various changes in form and detail can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Any person skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of this application; therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes multiple solar cells arranged at intervals, an encapsulation layer covering the solar cells, a light guiding layer, and a cover plate. The light guiding layer is located between the encapsulation layer and the cover plate on the light-incident side of the solar cells and is used to refract incident light onto the solar cells. The light guiding layer includes at least: The first light guide structure, corresponding to the spacing of the battery cells, includes at least one first prism; The second light guide structure, located on the periphery of the first light guide structure and corresponding to the edge of the plurality of battery cells, includes at least one second prism; The first prism and the second prism extend in a direction parallel to the cover plate. In a direction parallel to the thickness of the light guiding layer and pointing from the cover plate to the battery cell, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first prism and the second prism gradually decreases, and the cross-sectional shapes of the first prism and the second prism are different.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first light guide structure is an axisymmetric structure; In the second light guide structure, at least one surface located on the side away from the first light guide structure is parallel to the thickness direction of the light guide layer.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first prism includes a single arc-shaped first side surface, and the arc-shaped first side surface has an axisymmetric structure; Alternatively, the first prism includes two planar first sides, which are connected and symmetrically arranged near one end of the battery cell.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the first prism includes the two planar first sides, the cross-sectional shape of the first prism in the thickness direction of the light guiding layer is an isosceles triangle, and the angle of the isosceles triangle on the side closer to the battery cell ranges from 30° to 150°.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first light guiding structure includes a plurality of first prisms. The cross-sectional shape of the first prisms in the thickness direction of the light guiding layer is a right triangle. Some of the first prisms are arranged axially symmetrically with the other first prisms.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second prism includes two second side surfaces, wherein the two second side surfaces are connected at one end near the battery cell, and the second side surface away from the first light guide structure is parallel to the thickness direction of the light guide layer, and the second side surface near the first light guide structure is an arc-shaped surface or a plane.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the second side of the second prism, which is closer to the first light guiding structure, is a plane, the cross-section of the second prism in the thickness direction of the light guiding layer is a right triangle, and the angle of the right triangle closer to the battery cell is in the range of 10° to 45°.

8. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The plurality of battery cells are arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction intersect. The first prism extends along the first direction or the second direction, or the extension direction of the first prism forms a set angle with the first direction and the second direction; The second prism extends along either the first or the second direction.

9. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The gap between the battery cells is projected onto the cover plate and falls within the range of the projected light guide structure onto the cover plate. The orthographic projection of the edge of the battery cell located at the edge of the plurality of battery cells on the cover plate falls within the range of the orthographic projection of the second light guide structure on the cover plate.

10. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The refractive index of the light guiding layer is less than that of the encapsulation layer.

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