Agricultural working machine

Abstract

The invention relates to an agricultural working machine, in particular in the form of a cultivator preferably designed as a rotary cultivator, comprising: a shaft provided with at least one tool, the axis of rotation of which extends at an angle to the direction of travel during operation and at least substantially parallel to the ground; and a housing arranged at the frame of the work machine, the housing being at least partially arranged above the shaft and having an inner wall defining a passage between the shaft and the housing, the housing having a front housing part and a rear housing part movable with respect to the direction of travel, the front housing part and the rear housing part having respective inner wall parts, the housing parts each extend along the axis and each have at least two adjustable, different operating positions, in which respective inner wall parts of the housing parts are positioned differently with respect to the axis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the subject matter of the preamble of claim 1. Background Technology

[0002] For existing agricultural machinery, especially tillage machines, particularly in potato cultivation, there are several feasible solutions for controlling soil tillage and, in particular, turning over soil or land. On the one hand, attempts are made to reduce soil adhesion within the rotor housing, for example, through spring-suspended housings. On the other hand, attempts are made to control the breaking size of the soil or land to be tilled by using different tools (e.g., in the form of different tooth geometries) on the rotating shaft or rotor shaft, or by changing the rotational speed. However, it has been found that, on the one hand, spring suspension of the housing does not result in a sufficient reduction in soil adhesion. On the other hand, changing the toothed tools or individual rotor shafts is complex. Furthermore, changes in rotational speed at the transmission can only be achieved within a very limited gear ratio.

[0003] The subject matter described in the preamble of claim 1 is known from EP 1 673 968 A1, and it is also known to have an inner wall made of an elastic material and freely swinging ends to reduce soil adhesion. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to improve soil tillage, especially soil trimming, in tillage machines.

[0005] This objective is achieved by the subject matter of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention can be derived from the dependent claims referencing claim 1 and the following description.

[0006] The agricultural machinery according to the invention, particularly a tiller preferably configured as a rotary tiller, is characterized by having a movable front housing portion and a rear housing portion with respect to the direction of travel during operation. These front and rear housing portions have corresponding inner wall portions extending along the axis and having at least two adjustable, different operating positions, in which the corresponding inner wall portions of the housing portions are positioned differently relative to the axis or its axis of rotation, particularly at different intervals. The invention is particularly based on the understanding that by positioning the housing differently relative to the axis and dividing it into at least two parts in the circumferential direction, land transported and processed through the channel can be selectively tilled and thus influenced. By setting the desired housing position and using the two housing portions with corresponding inner wall portions, i.e., the front and rear housing portions, the housing can be selectively adjusted, particularly by changes in position and / or shape, and thus soil accumulation can be selectively prevented. Therefore, the housing is not merely a simple enclosure for the axis, but also serves as a control variable for land tillage through its different operating positions.

[0007] In order to set the corresponding operating position, the operating machinery has an adjustment device, which can fix the housing part relative to the frame of the operating machinery or the housing fixed frame in different operating positions.

[0008] The inner wall portion together, and especially completely, forms the inner wall of the shell. In the sense of this invention, the inner wall is the wall that defines the passage inward, i.e., from the shell towards the axis or rotational axis. In a single-shell shell, the inner wall is also the outer wall.

[0009] According to the invention, during the operation of the working machinery, the land initially transferred into the channel can be selectively and differently influenced by the front and rear housing portions during the path of the channel partially surrounding the axis of rotation in the circumferential direction, regardless of the direction in which the axis rotates. During operation, the axis of rotation of the axis forms an angle with the direction of travel such that, in a top view of the working machinery, the direction of travel and the axis of rotation intersect. The axis of rotation extends at a 90° angle to the direction of travel. Furthermore, the axis of rotation extends at least substantially parallel to the ground, forming an angle of + / -20° with the horizontally extending land. The axis of rotation extends particularly parallel to the ground. Additionally, the housing is partially arranged above the axis such that, viewed along the direction of the axis of rotation, the housing defines the channel at an angle of at least + / -30° with the vertical line passing through the axis of rotation or the perpendicular to the ground. In particular, this applies to angles of + / -45° with the vertical line, more preferably, at least a range of + / -65° with the vertical line. Additionally, the angle range covered by the housing is preferably less than 180°.

[0010] The direction of travel for the operating machinery is set to straight. The passage is the area formed between the shaft and the housing, excluding tools that pass through the passage during operation.

[0011] To better adjust the housing sections, these housing sections can swing relative to the frame about at least one swing axis, and in particular about a swing axis that extends at an angle to the direction of travel and is particularly parallel to the axis of rotation. Especially for maintenance purposes, the rear housing section is preferably able to swing upward at least 60°, more preferably at least 90°.

[0012] Advantageously, corresponding swing supports are formed at the mutually facing ends of the housing portions, allowing the front edge of the front housing portion and the rear edge of the rear housing portion to swing upwards. This swing allows the use of shafts with larger diameters or longer tools, especially when the shaft can be additionally lowered relative to the frame and housing via a shaft adjustment device. At least one (or shared) swing support of the two housing portions is positioned directly above the shaft.

[0013] Therefore, on the one hand, the height of the entrance or exit passage can be adjusted according to the land to be cultivated. On the other hand, this enables better accessibility from the front and rear for maintenance of the axis.

[0014] The corresponding swing support is positioned directly above the shaft, thereby achieving a symmetrical and particularly identical structure for the front and rear housing sections. Furthermore, if the front and rear housing sections are constructed identically with respect to the inner wall portion, an identical structure for both sections can be obtained, which offers advantages for production and maintenance.

[0015] Advantageously, the swing axis is formed above the inner wall portion defining the channel, thus protecting the swing support from the influence of cultivated land. In particular, the corresponding edges of the front and rear housing portions are closely abutted or close to each other to leave the smallest possible gap extending along the axis of rotation.

[0016] To reinforce at least one of the housing components, at least one transverse support and / or at least one longitudinal support are provided. Furthermore, such supports are suitable for arranging any functional components, particularly for connecting any functional components.

[0017] According to an improved embodiment of the invention, the longitudinal and / or transverse carriers may also participate in forming one or more swing supports, which define the swing axis of the corresponding housing portion. Preferably, viewed along the direction of travel, a plurality of longitudinal carriers are provided across the width of the housing, and a plurality of transverse carriers extending particularly parallel to the axis of rotation are fixed at the plurality of longitudinal carriers.

[0018] According to an improved embodiment of the invention, the inner wall portion of the shell is formed with at least an elastic material. Due to the elastic mobility of the inner wall portion caused by the elastic material, less soil adheres, and the disturbance caused by the adhered soil is reduced, allowing for more precise land preparation. The elastic material, in particular, has a Shore A hardness between 75 and 95.

[0019] According to an improved embodiment of the invention, the longitudinal and transverse carriers of the respective shell portions are fixed to each other to form a shell portion frame. In particular, at least one of the longitudinal carriers is arranged to be movable relative to at least one of the transverse carriers and / or at least one inner wall portion is arranged to be movable relative to the shell portion frame. For example, the transverse carriers may be arranged in elongated holes in a plurality of longitudinal carriers. The shell frame supporting the inner wall portion can be deformed by this relative mobility, for which suitable adjustment members can be used. Different shapes of the inner wall are obtained using different frame shapes, thus providing feasible configuration schemes for soil treatment.

[0020] Therefore, the housing portion particularly includes, if necessary, multiple inner wall portions, and a housing portion frame, with one or more inner wall portions arranged at the housing portion frame. The housing portion frame is movably supported on a housing fixed frame or the frame of the working machinery.

[0021] Multiple longitudinal carriers can be connected to each other and forcibly guided, resulting in different shapes of the shell portion as the shell frame moves from a first operating position to a second operating position.

[0022] According to an improved embodiment of the invention, the elastic inner wall portion can also be suspended at least once in the carrier through an elongated hole, and can move relative to the carrier for shape changes.

[0023] Preferably, at least one of the shell sections has a different radius of curvature in at least two operating states. Therefore, different scenarios for soil tillage are achieved by switching the shell section from one operating state to another, as the characteristics of the channel extending around the axis change. Here, the radius of curvature corresponds to the radius formed by viewing along the axis of rotation and extending from that axis towards the inner surface of the inner wall. The radius of curvature does not need to be a constant radius for the orientation of the inner wall around the axis of rotation. Instead, it can be a varying radius such that the distance between the same area or point of the shell wall and the axis of rotation is different in at least two operating states.

[0024] Preferably, the front edge swings at least 5°, especially at least 25°, about the swing axis. The rear edge may advantageously swing at least 5°, especially at least 30°, and preferably at least 45°, in order to improve maintenance in addition to being suitable for land cultivation. The rear edge swings at least 90°, in particular, to establish a maintenance entrance.

[0025] Advantageously, to further improve adjustability, the front housing portion is provided with at least one front adjustment member by which the front edge of the front housing portion can be adjusted in height and / or along the direction of travel.

[0026] Preferably, the rear housing portion is provided with at least one rear adjustment member, by which the rear edge of the rear housing portion can be adjusted in height and / or along the direction of travel.

[0027] It should be understood that the height here refers to the height above the supporting surface of the device or the horizontal extension above the ground. Especially when combined with a relatively movable frame, the use of such an adjusting member will cause a simple change in the shape of the shell, thus affecting soil preparation.

[0028] Due to the improved force introduction, the adjustment member is advantageously arranged at the front or rear edge of the corresponding housing part; however, when viewed along the axis of rotation, it may also be arranged, for example, in the central region of the corresponding housing part.

[0029] If the shaft is height-adjustably arranged at the frame of the working machinery via a shaft adjustment device, the control of the working machinery according to the invention for further improving land cultivation will be particularly further improved. In a simple variation, recesses in the frame may be involved, which are arranged overlapping each other in height, and through these recesses, different heights of the supports on the respective end sides of the shaft can be fixed.

[0030] According to an improved embodiment of the invention, at least one vibration generator is provided, which is connected to at least one of the housing portions to generate vibrations in that housing portion. The vibration generator can be integrated into the housing portion or disposed thereon. The vibration generated by the vibration generator allows the channel to be better kept free of soil, which provides a more defined framework for soil trimming. In particular, multiple vibration generators can be arranged along the width of the housing.

[0031] Viewed parallel to the direction of travel, when the shell is segmented into multiple side-by-side sections forming part of the inner wall, at least one vibration generator can be assigned to one section. In the case of multiple vibration generators, one or more vibration generators can be assigned to multiple sections accordingly. For longitudinal positions along the direction of travel and / or width positions transverse to the direction of travel, the section or shell portion, especially at these positions, has a vibration generator on the side of the shell facing away from the passage, where more soil typically adheres to the side facing the passage during operation.

[0032] The excitation signal of the vibration generator is particularly dependent on speed, such as travel speed. Therefore, a corresponding control device can receive and process the speed signal of the operating machinery. This control device can be integrated into the control unit of the operating machinery. Additionally, the excitation signal can be designed to depend on the shaft rotational speed and / or soil conditions, such as soil moisture; for this purpose, a humidity sensor can be installed.

[0033] Advantageously, viewed transversely to the direction of travel, at least one vibration generator is arranged between the front and rear ends of one of the respective shell sections. In this respect, the vibration generator acts on the surface formed between the front and rear edges of the shell section and can cause this surface to vibrate, particularly as unaffected as possible by any fixed points of the shell section. Alternatively or additionally, the vibration generator can also act directly on any frame of the respective shell section, thereby exciting most or all of the inner wall. Preferably, the inner wall of the shell section is formed with at least some elastic material for this purpose. Even without a vibration generator, the design of the inner wall of the shell section made of elastic material enables it to vibrate, which minimizes the adhesion of soil material.

[0034] Viewed transversely in the direction of travel, the vibration generator may alternatively or supplementally (if “supplementally”, then as another vibration generator) be arranged at the front or rear end of one of the housing parts in the direction of travel, such that motion is introduced onto the housing part, for example, by up-and-down movement of the front edge, on the one hand via a possible elastic material, and on the other hand via a related swing about the swing axis or in the swing support.

[0035] Preferably, the vibration generator includes a vibrating member that abuts against or is connected to the housing portion, and wherein the vibrating member is designed to apply force to the housing portion, particularly in a direction extending transversely to the surface of the housing portion. Thus, the force is introduced transversely to the surface, thereby generating vibration with a sufficiently large component in the direction of the axis of rotation of the shaft, which effectively reduces soil accumulation on the inner wall of the housing portion.

[0036] For example, a mechanically simple variant of the vibrating member is a vibrating member constructed, particularly in the form of a turntable and preferably eccentrically supported, which can be rotated. The frequency of vibration can thus be changed simply by altering the rotational speed. Preferably, as an alternative to or supplement to the eccentric support, the turntable has a different edge distance from the axis of rotation of its driver.

[0037] The vibrating member may be configured, in particular, to move longitudinally in a direction extending transversely to the surface of the housing portion, and may be configured, for example, as a rod with its end side arranged at the housing portion and vibrating thereon. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Other advantages and details of the present invention will become apparent from the following drawings. Wherein:

[0039] Figure 1 An isometric view of the subject matter according to the invention is shown schematically.

[0040] Figure 2It schematically shows the following based on Figure 1 Part of the theme,

[0041] Figure 3 A schematic detailed view of the housing portion according to the subject matter of the invention is shown.

[0042] Figure 4 Another detailed view of the subject matter according to the invention is shown schematically.

[0043] Figure 5 It schematically shows the following based on Figure 2 A partial sectional view of the subject.

[0044] Figure 6 It schematically shows the following based on Figure 2 The topics are located in two different running positions.

[0045] Figure 7 It schematically shows the following based on Figure 1 Another partial view of the subject.

[0046] Figure 8 According to Figure 7 The view schematically illustrates another design scheme based on the subject matter of the invention.

[0047] Figure 9 A schematic diagram illustrating another aspect of the invention is shown.

[0048] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of another subject matter according to the invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The various technical features of the embodiments described below can also be combined with the features of the previously described embodiments, as well as the independent claims and possible other claims, to form the subject matter according to the invention. Where appropriate, at least partially functionally equivalent elements are provided with the same reference numerals.

[0050] In the current situation, agricultural machinery is a tillage machine constructed as a rotary tiller 2 ( Figure 1 The tiller 2 has a shaft 6 equipped with multiple tools 4, and the axis of rotation of this shaft 8 (see...) Figure 5 and Figure 7 During operation, it extends at an angle to the direction of travel F. In this embodiment, the rotation axis 8 is parallel to the ground 10. Figure 6 The tiller 2 also includes a housing 13 held at the frame 12. Figure 2 and Figure 8 The housing revolves around shaft 6 and its axis of rotation 8 at an almost 180° circumferential angle. Figure 5 Arrangement.

[0051] The housing is positioned above the axis of rotation and therefore above the shaft. Figure 5 The shaft 6 swings at an angle of approximately + / -90° relative to the vertical line 15 extending through the axis of rotation 8. A channel 16 is formed between the shaft 6 and the inner wall portions 18 of the front and rear housing portions 20 and 22 of the housing, through which land or soil is transported and conveyed.

[0052] According to the invention, the front housing portion 20 and the rear housing portion 22 are movably arranged and can swing about a swing axis 32 arranged above the shaft 6. Figure 6 This allows the system to be moved to different operating locations. The operating location is adjustable and can therefore be specified by the operator.

[0053] The housing portions 20 and 22 are pivotally supported on the side plates 14 and the intermediate plate 17 by the longitudinal carrier 30. The housing portions 20 and 22 extend particularly completely along the length of the shaft 6 and occupy... Figure 6 The two operating positions shown above and below each other, and the additional intermediate position (not shown). Accordingly, Figure 6 Correspondingly, the inner wall portions 18 of the front and rear housing portions are shown, i.e., two inner wall portions 18 are shown. In the two operating positions shown, the difference between the two adjustable-to-fixed operating positions of the front housing portion 20 is that, in the outward-swinging operating position, the front edge 34 is further forward and higher relative to the ground 10 than the front edge 34 in the inward-swinging lower position. This similarly applies to the rear edge 36 of the rear housing portion 22. The mobility of the front housing portion 20 and the rear housing portion 22 is indicated by the double arrows 38 in the area of ​​the swing support 40.

[0054] Overall, the housing of the tiller 2 is formed by a front housing portion 20 and a rear housing portion 22, wherein the inner wall of the housing is formed by two (front and rear) inner wall portions 18.

[0055] The inner wall portion 18 itself, and therefore the inner wall of the shell, is formed by a plurality of identical segments 24 arranged side by side when viewed in the direction of travel. The segments 24 are broad, particularly strip-shaped, and, when viewed parallel to the direction of travel, their length is greater than their lateral dimension, i.e., their width. This takes into account the fact that the main movement of the soil and the resulting abrasion occur both in the direction of travel and in the circumferential direction around axis 6. Depending on the tool's construction, particularly easily worn areas can therefore be replaced in a simple manner without replacing the entire shell wall, or rather, the inner wall of shell 13. Both the front shell portion 20 and the rear shell portion 22 are formed by segments 24.

[0056] In the current situation, segment 24 is entirely formed of an elastic material with a Shore hardness A between 75 and 95, and can oscillate or vibrate accordingly, especially parallel to the vertical line 42. Figure 4 In the direction of ).

[0057] Segment 24 has a longitudinal connecting piece 46 extending along its longitudinal edge 44, which reinforces segment 24. Simultaneously, the longitudinal connecting piece 46 forms a receiving portion 48 through a thickened and widened area, through which segment 24 is fixed to the transverse carrier 28. This transverse carrier is in turn supported on the longitudinal carrier 30, wherein one or more transverse carriers can be relatively movable relative to the longitudinal carrier 30 through elongated holes (not shown). The transverse carrier 28 and the longitudinal carrier 30 respectively form a housing partial frame, which can swing relative to the frame 12.

[0058] To allow the segments to fit together better and more closely, the segments have recesses or shoulders 26 along their longitudinal edges 44, and these recesses or shoulders have complementary shapes on their sides facing each other. Figure 3 And through these recesses or shoulders forming a seal when they come into contact with each other, the soil is retained in the channel 16 in an improved manner. The side-by-side segments 24 are therefore arranged in a partially overlapping manner.

[0059] The receiving section 48 provides a fixing mechanism, which can be used to fix it to the housing frame, or it can also be used to fix it to each other. Depending on the different operating states of the rear housing section 22 and the front housing section 20, the section 24 also has correspondingly different working states, wherein the distance of the inner wall from the rotation axis 8 is different.

[0060] Additionally, the tiller 2 is equipped with an axle adjustment device 50, shown only by a dashed line and located on the end side of the axle 6, through which the axle can be transferred to... Figure 6 The shaft is positioned and fixed at the location indicated by the dashed line. The shaft is then positioned at the frame 12 of the tiller 2 in a height-adjustable manner using the shaft adjustment device 50.

[0061] The front housing portion 20 and the rear housing portion 22 can be adjusted respectively by the front adjustment member 52 and the rear adjustment member 52, that is, adjusted about the corresponding swing axis 32, for example, in Figure 5 In this context, the swing axis extends perpendicularly to the drawing. For example, the adjusting member 52 is a hydraulic cylinder, which is fixed to the frame side and to the longitudinal carrier 46 on the side. Figure 8 Alternatively, the housing portions 20 and 22 can be simply mechanically fixed to the frame 12 via threaded members of variable length. Figure 7 ).

[0062] Vibration is transmitted to the outer surface 54 by a vibration generator arranged on the side of the frame through its vibration member 56. Therefore, the rotational speed of the vibration member 56, which is in the form of an eccentrically arranged turntable, can be specified, particularly in relation to speed, by a corresponding control device 55. Figure 9 The frequency of the vibrating member 56, which may be in the form of a punch that can move longitudinally perpendicular to surface 54, is ( ) Figure 10 The control device can be part of the machine control system of the operating machinery.

Claims

1. Agricultural machinery, particularly agricultural machinery preferably configured as a rotary tiller (2), said agricultural machinery comprising: The shaft (6) of at least one tool (4) extends at an angle to the direction of travel (F) and at least substantially parallel to the ground (10) during operation; And a housing (13) arranged at the frame (12) of the working machine, the housing being arranged at least partially above the shaft (6) and having an inner wall defining a channel (16) between the shaft (6) and the housing (13), characterized in that the housing has a movable front housing portion (20) and a rear housing portion (22) with respect to the direction of travel, the front housing portion and the rear housing portion having corresponding inner wall portions (18), the housing portions extending respectively along the shaft (6) and having at least two adjustable, different operating positions, in which the corresponding inner wall portions (18) of the housing portions (20, 22) are positioned differently relative to the shaft (6).

2. The operating machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing portions (20, 22) are capable of swinging relative to the frame (12) about at least one swing axis (32), and in particular about a swing axis (32) that extends at an angle to the direction of travel (F) and in particular parallel to the axis of rotation (8) of the shaft (6).

3. The operating machinery according to claim 2, characterized in that, A corresponding swing support (40) is formed at the ends of the housing portions (20, 22) facing each other, and especially above the inner wall portion (18) that defines the channel (16).

4. The operating machinery according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, At least one transverse carrier (28) and / or at least one longitudinal carrier (30) are provided to reinforce at least one of the housing portions (20, 22).

5. The operating machinery according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The inner wall portion (18) is formed by at least one elastic material.

6. The operating machinery according to any one of the preceding claims in conjunction with claims 4 and 5, characterized in that, The longitudinal carriers (30) and transverse carriers (28) of the corresponding housing portions (20, 22) are fixed to each other to form a housing portion frame, wherein at least one of the longitudinal carriers (30) is arranged to be movable relative to at least one of the transverse carriers (28), and / or at least one inner wall portion (18) is arranged to be movable relative to the housing portion frame.

7. The operating machinery according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, At least one of the inner wall portions (18) has a different radius of curvature in at least two operating states.

8. The operating machinery according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The front housing portion (20) is provided with at least one front adjustment member (52) by which the front edge (34) of the front housing portion (20) can be adjusted in height and / or along the direction of travel (F).

9. The operating machinery according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The rear housing portion (22) is provided with at least one rear adjustment member (52) by means of which the rear edge (36) of the rear housing portion (22) can be adjusted in height and / or along the direction of travel (F).

10. The operating machinery according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The shaft (6) is arranged at the frame (12) of the working machine in a height-adjustable manner via a shaft adjustment device (50).

11. The operating machinery according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, At least one vibration generator is provided, which is connected to at least one of the housing portions (20, 22) for exciting vibration of the housing portion.

12. The operating machinery according to claim 11, characterized in that, Viewed transversely in the direction of travel (F), the vibration generator is arranged between the front and rear ends of one of the housing portions (20, 22) with respect to the direction of travel.

13. The operating machinery according to claim 11, characterized in that, Viewed transversely in the direction of travel (F), the vibration generator is arranged at the front or rear end of one of the housing portions (20, 22) with respect to the direction of travel.

14. The operating machinery according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that, The vibration generator includes a vibration member (56) that is abutted against or connected to the housing portion (20, 22), and wherein the vibration member (56) is configured to apply force to the housing portion (20, 22), particularly in a direction extending transversely to the surface of the housing portion (20, 22).

15. The operating machinery according to claim 14, characterized in that, In particular, the vibrating member (56), which is constructed in the form of a turntable, is designed to be rotatably driven and / or to move longitudinally in a direction that extends transversely to the surface of the housing portion (22).

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