Green cultivation method for cowpea in hydrogen-rich water

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and provides a cowpea hydrogen-rich water green cultivation method which comprises the following steps: S1, providing a cowpea planting field, and carrying out soil preparation treatment before planting; s2, applying hydrogen-rich water into the soil in the seedling stage, the early flowering stage and the harvesting stage after the cowpeas are sown; s3, in the growth period of the cowpeas, water and fertilizer integrated management is conducted according to the growth stage, and fertilizer and hydrogen-rich water are mixed for application; according to the method, the oriental long dragon cowpeas are planted in a suitable land parcel of a subtropical monsoon humid climate region, hydrogen-rich water which is diluted and used for adjusting the pH value is applied to soil after sowing, in the seedling stage, in the early flowering stage and in the harvesting stage, and root irrigation treatment is conducted in combination with water and fertilizer integrated management and pesticide; the soil enzyme activity, the growth vigor, the yield and the quality of the cowpeas are remarkably improved, meanwhile, the pest and disease damage rate and pesticide residues are reduced, and the safety and the quality of cowpea products are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural cultivation technology, specifically a green cultivation method for cowpeas using hydrogen-rich water. Background Technology

[0002] As a crop that flowers and fruits simultaneously, cowpeas are highly susceptible to pests and diseases during their growth process. To control pests and diseases during the flowering period, pesticides are often applied during harvest, compromising the safe interval for pesticide use and significantly increasing the risk of pesticide residues. Furthermore, excessive fertilization and an irrational fertilization structure are prominent issues in cowpea cultivation, which not only contribute to soil non-point source pollution but also increase agricultural carbon emissions.

[0003] In recent years, hydrogen-rich water has been increasingly widely used in agricultural production as a novel cultivation technology, and its enormous potential in enhancing crop resistance and promoting crop growth and development is gradually becoming apparent. Hydrogen-rich water can promote root growth and enhance the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients, ultimately increasing crop yield. Simultaneously, hydrogen-rich water also enhances the nutritional value and improves the taste of fruits, such as increasing the content of vitamin C and antioxidants in fruits and vegetables, thereby improving fruit quality.

[0004] However, although many studies have shown that hydrogen-rich water has certain effects on improving crop yield and quality, whether it can play a role in cowpea production and whether it is equally effective in controlling cowpea diseases and pests still needs further verification and in-depth exploration.

[0005] To address the problems raised in the background art, those skilled in the art have proposed a green cultivation method for cowpeas using hydrogen-rich water. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method for green cultivation of cowpeas using hydrogen-rich water, comprising:

[0007] S1. Provide land for cowpea planting and prepare the land before planting;

[0008] S2. Apply hydrogen-rich water to the soil after sowing, during the seedling stage, the initial flowering stage, and the harvesting stage of cowpeas;

[0009] S3. During the growth period of cowpeas, water and fertilizer management should be carried out according to the growth stage, in which fertilizer and hydrogen-rich water should be mixed and applied.

[0010] S4. When controlling pests and diseases, first apply pesticides to the roots, and then add hydrogen-rich water when watering cowpeas.

[0011] The application of hydrogen-rich water significantly improved soil enzyme activity, growth potential, yield, and quality of cowpeas, and reduced the incidence of pests and diseases and pesticide residues in cowpeas.

[0012] Preferably, hydrogen-rich water is applied after sowing; during the seedling stage, topdressing fertilizer is applied before trellising in conjunction with fertigation, mixed with hydrogen-rich water, urea, and potassium sulfate; from flowering to pod-setting and harvesting, compound fertilizer is dissolved in hydrogen-rich water and applied in conjunction with watering and topdressing, and fertilizer is applied every 7 days or so starting from the first pod harvest, for a total of 2 topdressings.

[0013] Preferably, the hydrogen-rich water needs to be diluted 200 times before application, and 1‰ lime needs to be added.

[0014] Preferably, the cowpeas are grown in a subtropical monsoon humid climate zone, and the basic soil fertility includes nutrients such as organic matter content, pH value, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, nitrate nitrogen, calcium, available potassium, zinc, copper, manganese, iron, boron, sulfur and magnesium.

[0015] Preferably, the cowpea variety is Dongfang Changlong.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. This invention significantly improves the activity of soil dehydrogenase, catalase, urease, and phosphatase during the seedling, flowering, and harvesting stages of cowpeas by applying hydrogen-rich water, thus providing a better soil environment for cowpea growth.

[0018] 2. The hydrogen-rich water of the present invention can regulate the physiological activities of seeds, accelerate germination, promote seedling growth, and increase the whole plant fresh weight, root fresh weight, stem fresh weight, leaf fresh weight, number of roots, main root length, number of leaves and plant height of cowpea; at the same time, hydrogen-rich water can also promote the increase of cowpea main vine length, leaf length and leaf width, and enhance growth vigor and branching.

[0019] 3. This invention significantly improves the pod length, pod diameter, single pod weight, yield per acre, and output value of cowpeas by applying hydrogen-rich water. At the same time, hydrogen-rich water can also increase the content of vitamin C, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and fat in cowpeas, thereby improving the quality of cowpeas.

[0020] 4. In the prevention and control of diseases and pests, this invention significantly reduces the incidence of diseases and pests in cowpeas and reduces pesticide residues; this not only helps to ensure the safety and quality of cowpea products, but also helps to promote the green and sustainable development of the cowpea industry.

[0021] 5. This invention reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by rationally applying hydrogen-rich water and organic fertilizers, which helps to reduce soil non-point source pollution and agricultural carbon emissions, and has positive significance for environmental protection. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the green cultivation method for cowpeas using hydrogen-rich water according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 These are images of cowpea seedlings 10 days and 20 days after sowing, according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0025] Example: This invention provides a method for green cultivation of cowpeas using hydrogen-rich water, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0026] S1. Provide cowpea planting land and prepare the land before planting; the cowpea planting land is a subtropical monsoon humid climate zone, and the basic soil fertility includes organic matter content, pH value, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, nitrate nitrogen, calcium, available potassium, zinc, copper, manganese, iron, boron, sulfur and magnesium components.

[0027] S2. Apply hydrogen-rich water to the soil after sowing, during the seedling stage, the initial flowering stage, and the harvesting stage of cowpeas; the hydrogen-rich water needs to be diluted 200 times before application and 1‰ lime needs to be added; the cowpea variety is Dongfang Changlong.

[0028] S3. During the growth period of cowpeas, water and fertilizer management should be carried out according to the growth stage, in which fertilizer and hydrogen-rich water should be mixed and applied.

[0029] S4. When controlling pests and diseases, first apply pesticides to the roots, and then add hydrogen-rich water when watering cowpeas.

[0030] The application of hydrogen-rich water significantly improved soil enzyme activity, growth potential, yield, and quality of cowpeas, and reduced the incidence of pests and diseases and pesticide residues in cowpeas.

[0031] As shown above, this method, by planting Oriental Longlong cowpeas in suitable plots in subtropical monsoon humid climate zones and applying diluted hydrogen-rich water to the soil to adjust pH after sowing, during the seedling stage, at the initial flowering stage, and at the harvest stage, significantly improves the soil enzyme activity, growth vigor, yield, and quality of cowpeas. At the same time, it reduces the incidence of pests and diseases and pesticide residues, which helps to ensure the safety and quality of cowpea products, promotes the green and sustainable development of the cowpea industry, and has positive significance for environmental protection.

[0032] Furthermore, after sowing, irrigate with hydrogen-rich water; during the seedling stage, apply topdressing fertilizer before transplanting seedlings in conjunction with fertigation, mixing hydrogen-rich water with urea and potassium sulfate; from flowering to pod-setting and harvesting, combine watering with topdressing, dissolving the three-element compound fertilizer in hydrogen-rich water and watering it in, and starting from the first pod harvest, apply fertilizer every 7 days or so, for a total of 2 topdressings.

[0033] As can be seen from the above, in the cultivation of cowpeas, by irrigating with hydrogen-rich water after sowing, applying hydrogen-rich water along with fertilizers such as urea and potassium sulfate during the seedling stage in conjunction with fertigation, and by first treating the roots with pesticides during pest and disease control, then adding hydrogen-rich water when watering the cowpeas, and by regularly applying compound fertilizer dissolved in hydrogen-rich water during the flowering to pod-setting and harvesting stages, the needs of cowpeas at different growth stages can be precisely met, significantly improving soil enzyme activity, promoting enhanced growth, increasing yield and quality, and effectively reducing pest and disease damage and pesticide residues, thus achieving green and efficient cowpea cultivation.

[0034] Further, step S1 specifically includes: First, selecting a suitable plot of land in a subtropical monsoon humid climate zone as the cowpea planting site. This area has a mild climate and abundant rainfall, which is conducive to cowpea growth. Before planting, meticulous land preparation is carried out, including deep plowing, fine soil breaking, and removal of weeds, stones, and other debris to ensure that the soil is loose and well-aerated. In addition, based on the results of basic soil fertility testing, targeted supplementation of nutrients such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, and copper, provides comprehensive nutritional support for cowpea growth.

[0035] As can be seen from the above, by selecting suitable plots in the subtropical monsoon humid climate zone as planting sites and carrying out meticulous land preparation, including deep plowing, fine soil breaking, and removal of debris, as well as supplementing nutrients and trace elements in a targeted manner based on the soil fertility test results, a good soil environment and comprehensive nutritional support are provided for the growth of cowpeas. This is conducive to the growth of cowpea roots and the absorption of nutrients, laying a solid foundation for subsequent high yield and quality.

[0036] Furthermore, step S2 specifically includes: applying hydrogen-rich water to the soil at appropriate times during the key growth stages of cowpeas—post-sowing, seedling stage, initial flowering stage, and harvesting stage. The hydrogen-rich water needs to be diluted 200 times before application, and 1‰ lime is added to adjust the pH to better suit the growth needs of cowpeas. The hydrogen-rich water is evenly applied to the soil through drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation to ensure full absorption by the roots. The application of hydrogen-rich water can significantly increase soil enzyme activity, such as dehydrogenase, catalase, urease, and phosphatase, thereby improving the soil microenvironment and promoting cowpea root growth and nutrient absorption.

[0037] As can be seen from the above, applying diluted hydrogen-rich water with adjusted pH to the soil at the right time during the key growth stages can significantly improve soil enzyme activity, improve the soil microenvironment, provide more suitable soil conditions for cowpea root growth, and promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients by the roots, thereby improving the growth vigor, yield and quality of cowpea, and providing a strong guarantee for the realization of efficient and green cultivation of cowpea.

[0038] Furthermore, step S3 specifically includes: During the growth period of cowpeas, precise integrated water and fertilizer management is implemented according to the growth stage. After sowing, hydrogen-rich water is applied to promote seed germination and seedling growth. During the seedling stage, combined with integrated water and fertilizer technology, topdressing is applied before trellising, mixing hydrogen-rich water with fertilizers such as urea and potassium sulfate to provide sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients, promoting robust seedling growth. From flowering to pod-setting and harvesting, combined with watering and topdressing, a three-element compound fertilizer dissolved in hydrogen-rich water is applied to meet the high nutrient requirements of cowpeas during flowering and fruiting. Starting from the first pod harvest, fertilizer is applied approximately every 7 days, for a total of two topdressing applications, to ensure the yield and quality of the cowpeas.

[0039] As can be seen from the above, by implementing precise integrated water and fertilizer management according to the growth stages, combined with the application of hydrogen-rich water, sufficient and balanced nutrient supply was provided for cowpeas, which significantly promoted seed germination, seedling growth, and nutrient requirements during the flowering and fruiting period. This not only improved the growth rate and robustness of cowpeas, but also ensured high yield and quality during the flowering and fruiting period, laying a solid foundation for a bumper cowpea harvest.

[0040] The above content will be further described below with specific experimental examples:

[0041] 1. Materials and Methods

[0042] 1.1 Test Location

[0043] The experimental site was the vegetable demonstration base of Yongyi Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. in Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou City, located in Niujiaoba Town, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou City. The area has a subtropical monsoon climate with abundant sunshine, rich light and heat resources, and plentiful rainfall, with an annual precipitation of up to 1359 mm. Rainfall is concentrated from April to June, with an average monthly precipitation of 198 mm to 214 mm. July to September is characterized by high temperatures and drought, while October is relatively mild, and the entire autumn season is mostly dry with little rain. The frost-free period lasts from 285 to 311 days, the average annual temperature is 17.911℃, the effective accumulated temperature ≥10℃ ranges from 5530℃ to 5860℃, and the average annual sunshine duration is approximately 1300 to 1700 hours. The previous crop at this experimental site was broccoli.

[0044] Soil conditions are shown in Table 1;

[0045] Table 1. Basic soil fertility of the experimental site

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] 1.2 Test Materials

[0049] The cowpea variety is Dongfang Changlong, provided by Fuzhou Daziran Seed Industry Co., Ltd. HRW is provided by Guangzhou Ruiwu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0050] 1.3 Test Methods

[0051] 1.3.1 Experimental Design

[0052] Two treatments, HRW and clean water, were designed, each with three replicates, for a total of six plots covering an area of ​​2 mu (approximately 0.33 hectares). The experiment was conducted in a field setting, with sowing (direct seeding) on ​​May 17, 2024. At seedling stage, four seeds were sown per hole, covered with black plastic mulch, and planted in single-row, double-row ridges with a row spacing of 50cm x plant spacing of 35cm. The hole depth was 3–5cm, and drip irrigation tape was laid under the mulch, with drippers spaced 30cm apart and a flow rate of 2.3L / h. Once seedlings reached 15–20cm in height, trellises were erected using A-frame trellises. Based on the growth characteristics of cowpea, the growth period was divided into five stages: seedling stage, vine extension stage, flowering stage, pod formation stage, and harvesting stage.

[0053] HRW Group:

[0054] HRW application method: 1) Soil preparation: Use 1000 kg of H fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer or bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer; 2) Sowing: Irrigate after sowing; 3) Seedling stage: Apply topdressing once before transplanting using integrated water and fertilizer system to promote seedling growth, combined with mixed H fertilizer, 3 kg-5 kg ​​of urea and 2 kg-3 kg of potassium sulfate; thereafter, apply topdressing according to the seedling growth; 4) Pest and disease control: Fusarium wilt, root rot: drench roots with Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus polymyxa, or Shenqinmycin, followed by H water solution; Rust, powdery mildew, anthracnose: drench roots with H water after applying osthol, benzoyl·pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin·propiconazole, benzoyl·propiconazole, or fluoxetine·benzoyl benzoate; 5) Water and fertilizer management: When the bottom pods reach about 10 cm, start topdressing in conjunction with watering. On a sunny afternoon, use 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer per acre mixed with 1000 kg of H water and pour it into the planting hole. Starting from the first pod harvest, apply fertilizer (mixed with H water) approximately every 7 days, for a total of 2 applications, each time using the same amount as before. Subsequent applications should be adjusted according to the plant's growth. From initial flowering to pod formation, spray with a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (mixed with H water).

[0055] HRW usage instructions for irrigation and fertilization: Dilute 200 times, then add 1‰ lime (e.g., 2.5 kg HRW to 500 kg irrigation water, then add 0.5 kg lime).

[0056] Clear water group: HRW is not used for fertilization, irrigation and mixing, but other methods are the same as HRW group.

[0057] 1.3.2 Cultivation Management

[0058] 1) Land preparation: Apply 75-100 kg / 667 m² of quicklime, till to a depth >30 cm, and let the soil dry for 7-15 days. Then apply 40 kg / 667 m² of compound fertilizer, 50 kg / 667 m² of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 1000 kg / 667 m² of commercial organic fertilizer or bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, followed by rotary tillage. 2) Bed preparation: Beds should be 1 m wide, 0.2 m high, with a 0.3 m wide ditch, a 45 cm deep waist ditch, and a 60 cm deep perimeter ditch. 3) Mulching: Cover the ridges with a 1.2 m wide silver-black double-sided mulch film, black side down. 4) Seedling stage water and fertilizer management and pest and disease control. 5) Flowering to pod-setting and harvesting stage water and fertilizer management and pest and disease control.

[0059] 1.4 Survey Objectives

[0060] ① Soil enzyme activity: Soil samples were collected from the root system within 5 cm of the main root of cowpea plants during the seedling, initial flowering, and harvesting stages. The activities of dehydrogenase, catalase, urease, and phosphatase were detected using methods for soil and environmental microbiology research. Dehydrogenase activity was measured using the TPF colorimetric method, catalase activity using the potassium permanganate titration method, urease activity using the indophenol blue colorimetric method, and phosphatase activity using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method.

[0061] ② Investigate and count seedling characteristics: 20 days after sowing, the fresh weight of the whole plant, fresh weight of roots, fresh weight of stems, fresh weight of leaves, number of roots (main root + lateral root), number of leaves, and plant height were counted. There were 20 plants in each plot.

[0062] ③ Plant characteristics: Main vine length, stem diameter, and leaf area were investigated for each treatment during the peak flowering period after sowing. Growth vigor, branching, and the position of initial flower bud formation were also investigated during the flowering period. 20 plants were planted in each plot.

[0063] ④ Economic traits: During the harvest period, the plant internode length, number of pods per inflorescence, pod diameter, pod length, and weight per pod were investigated. The economic yield of each treatment plot was the sum of the fresh pod yields from all treatments.

[0064] ⑤ Yield and output value: Fresh pod yield: Record each harvest in each plot until the end of the harvest; the economic yield of each treatment plot is the sum of the fresh pod yields of all harvests.

[0065] ⑥ Quality: Post-harvest quality of 20 fresh bean pods from each treatment was measured, including vitamin C (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol titration), soluble sugar (TD-45 handheld saccharimeter), soluble protein (Mass brilliant blue G-250 staining method), and fat (Soxhlet extraction method).

[0066] ⑦ Resistance: The number of pesticide applications and the disease incidence of plants at different growth stages were statistically analyzed using a 5-point method, with 20 plants per point in each plot. Disease indices were calculated, including indices for wilt, root rot, rust, powdery mildew, anthracnose, gray mold, sooty mold, blight, viral diseases, and ring spot. Disease index = ∑(number of diseased plants at each level × disease level value) / (total number of plants surveyed × highest level value) × 100. Higher values ​​indicate more severe disease. Disease grading method: Level 0: No lesions; Level 1: Lesion area <5% of total leaf area; Level 3: Lesion area 6%–10% of total leaf area; Level 5: Lesion area 11%–20% of total leaf area; Level 7: Lesion area 21%–40% of total leaf area; Level 9: Lesion area >40% of total leaf area.

[0067] ⑧ Pest Infestation Rate: The number of pesticide applications was recorded, and pest infestations in each plot were surveyed every 10 days from emergence to harvest. A 5-point survey method was used, with 10 holes (40 plants) per point. Infestations included thrips, leaf miners, cowpea pod borers, whiteflies, beet armyworms, cotton bollworms, bean aphids, and spider mites. The infestation rate (average) for each pest was calculated using the following formula:

[0068]

[0069] 1.5 Data Analysis

[0070] Data were recorded using Excel 2007, and ANOVA and LSD comparisons were performed using SPSS 22.0. The significance level was P < 0.05.

[0071] 2. Results and Analysis

[0072] 2.1 Soil enzyme activity

[0073] The activities of soil dehydrogenase, catalase, urease and phosphatase in cowpea seedlings, flowering stage and harvest stage of both the Qingshui group and HRW group showed a gradual increasing trend with the growth stage. Moreover, the activities of the above enzymes in the HRW group were significantly higher than those in the Qingshui group at the same time (P<0.05), as shown in Table 2.

[0074] Table 2 Soil enzyme activities during cowpea seedling stage, flowering stage, and harvest stage.

[0075]

[0076] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0077] 2.2. Cowpea seedling quality 20 days after sowing

[0078] Twenty days after sowing, the fresh weight of the entire plant, roots, stems, leaves, number of roots, taproot length, number of leaves, and plant height of cowpea seedlings in the HRW group were significantly higher than those in the water group (P < 0.05), as shown in Table 3. This is because hydrogen-rich water can accelerate germination by regulating seed physiological activities. Hydrogen-rich water promotes hypocotyl and root elongation by regulating the levels of endogenous gibberellin (GA) and auxin (IAA) in plants. Simultaneously, the HRW treatment also participates in the development of adventitious and lateral roots, thereby promoting seedling growth. Figure 2 As shown;

[0079] Table 3. Quality of cowpea seedlings 20 days after sowing

[0080]

[0081] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0082] 2.3, Each treatment period during the reproductive period

[0083] According to the results in Table 4, the HRW group had a 5-day shorter sowing-to-emergence period, a 7-day shorter initial flowering period, a 6-day earlier initial harvest period, and a 9-day longer harvest end period compared to the water-rich group, thus extending the entire growth period by 9 days. Considering that hydrogen-rich water can be used as a fertilizer to increase soil fertility, promote fruit and vegetable growth, and improve soil, this could help extend the harvest period.

[0084] Table 4 Comparison of reproductive periods for different treatments (month-day)

[0085]

[0086] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0087] 2.4 Characteristics of cowpea plants under different treatments

[0088] According to the results in Table 5, the main stem length, leaf length, and leaf width of the HRW group were significantly greater than those of the Qingshui group (P < 0.05), while the initial flowering node remained unchanged at the 3rd node. The HRW group also showed stronger growth vigor and branching ability.

[0089] Table 5. Characteristics of cowpea plants under different treatments

[0090]

[0091] Note: ○ indicates weak, + indicates moderate, ++ indicates strong, and +++ indicates strong. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0092] 2.5 Comparison of cowpea yield and output value under different treatments

[0093] The HRW group showed significantly higher pod length, pod diameter, single pod weight, yield per mu, and output value per mu compared to the Qingshui group. Pod length increased by 11.88%, pod diameter increased by 52.94%, single pod weight increased by 22.65%, yield per mu increased by 21.38%, and output value per mu increased by 21.38%. See Table 6 for details.

[0094] Table 6 Comparison of cowpea yield and output value under different treatments

[0095]

[0096]

[0097] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). The purchase price of cowpeas is 2 yuan / kg.

[0098] 2.6 Quality Indicators of Cowpeas under Different Treatments

[0099] The vitamin C, soluble sugar, soluble protein and fat content of cowpeas in the HRW group were significantly higher than those in the water group (P<0.05), as shown in Table 7;

[0100] Table 7 Comparison of cowpea quality indicators under different treatments

[0101]

[0102] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0103] 2.7 Cowpea Disease Index

[0104] As shown in Table 8, the disease indices of anthracnose, wilt, brown spot, and blight in the HRW group were significantly lower than those in the clean water group (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in the rust disease index between the two groups (P > 0.05). Therefore, the use of HRW has a certain effect on reducing the disease disease index of cowpea.

[0105] Table 8 Disease Indices for Each Treatment

[0106]

[0107] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0108] 2.8 Infestation rate of pests under each treatment

[0109] According to the results in Table 9, the damage rates of bean pod borer and snail in the HRW group were significantly lower than those in the water group (P < 0.05); while there was no significant difference in the damage rates of thrips and leaf miners (P > 0.05).

[0110] Table 9. Infestation rate (%) for each treatment.

[0111]

[0112] 2.9 Pesticide Residue Test Results

[0113] The HRW group showed 0.015 g of thiamethoxam and 0.058 g of chlorantraniliprole; the water group showed 0.030 g of thiamethoxam and 0.090 g of chlorantraniliprole. All pesticide residue test results for each treatment met the pesticide residue standards for cowpea in GB2763-2021 "Limits for Pesticides in Food" and T / GBAS2102.4-2021 "Group Standard of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Standards Promotion Association". The results suggest that using hydrogen-rich water can effectively control major pests and diseases in cowpea and reduce the risk of pesticide residues.

[0114] In summary, this technical solution, through exploring the application effects of hydrogen-rich water in cowpea cultivation, demonstrates that hydrogen-rich water can significantly increase soil enzyme activity during cowpea growth, promote the growth of cowpea seedlings and plants, enhance the disease and insect resistance of cowpeas, thereby significantly improving cowpea yield and quality, while reducing the risk of pesticide residues. This provides theoretical support and practical reference for the application of hydrogen-rich water in green and low-carbon vegetable cultivation.

[0115] The embodiments of the present invention are given for the purposes of illustration and description. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for green cultivation of cowpeas using hydrogen-rich water, characterized in that, include: S1. Provide land for cowpea planting and prepare the land before planting; S2. Apply hydrogen-rich water to the soil after sowing, during the seedling stage, the initial flowering stage, and the harvesting stage of cowpeas; S3. During the growth period of cowpeas, water and fertilizer management should be carried out according to the growth stage, in which fertilizer and hydrogen-rich water should be mixed and applied. S4. When controlling pests and diseases, first apply pesticides to the roots, and then add hydrogen-rich water when watering cowpeas. The application of hydrogen-rich water significantly improved soil enzyme activity, growth potential, yield, and quality of cowpeas, and reduced the incidence of pests and diseases and pesticide residues in cowpeas.

2. The method for cultivating cowpeas using hydrogen-rich water as described in claim 1, characterized in that: After sowing, irrigate with hydrogen-rich water; during the seedling stage, apply topdressing fertilizer before transplanting seedlings in conjunction with fertigation, mixing hydrogen-rich water with urea and potassium sulfate; from flowering to pod-setting and harvesting, combine watering with topdressing, dissolving the three-element compound fertilizer in hydrogen-rich water and watering it in, and starting from the first pod harvest, apply fertilizer every 7 days or so, for a total of 2 topdressings.

3. The method for cultivating cowpeas using hydrogen-rich water as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen-rich water needs to be diluted 200 times before application, and 1‰ lime needs to be added.

4. The method for cultivating cowpeas using hydrogen-rich water as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The cowpeas are grown in a subtropical monsoon humid climate zone, and the basic soil fertility includes organic matter content, pH value, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, nitrate nitrogen, calcium, available potassium, zinc, copper, manganese, iron, boron, sulfur and magnesium.

5. The method for cultivating cowpeas using hydrogen-rich water as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The cowpea variety mentioned is Dongfang Changlong.

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