Resistance spot welding apparatus and method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of resistance spot welding, and particularly relates to a resistance spot welding device and method, which comprises a rack and two upper and lower distributed supports fixedly installed at the front end of the rack, a No. 1 air cylinder is fixedly installed at the front end of the upper support; a spot welding mechanism is arranged on the No. 1 air cylinder and the lower support; through the synergistic effect of the adjustable contact area of the electrode and the synchronous expansion of the cooling range, active regulation and control of the welding heat field are realized; specifically, the contact area is dynamically adjusted by the fitting of the electrode ring and the electrode column conical surface, and the cooling circuit is formed by opening the one-way valve through the pressure pipe, so that the problem of the nugget deviation caused by the thickness difference of the plate is solved, and the reliability of the welding joint quality is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of resistance spot welding technology, and in particular to a resistance spot welding apparatus and method. Background Technology

[0002] Resistance spot welding is a highly efficient joining technology that uses electrodes to apply pressure to metal workpieces and pass current through them, utilizing the resistance heat generated at the contact surface of the workpieces to create a localized melting nugget. It is widely used in sheet metal structure joining in fields such as automobile manufacturing, home appliances, and aerospace.

[0003] However, the following problems exist in the current use of resistance spot welding machines: When welding dissimilar materials, the inherent difference in electrical and thermal conductivity between the plates dominates the path of heat generation and dissipation. Current will preferentially flow to the path with lower resistance, resulting in insufficient heat generation on that side. At the same time, heat will uncontrollably dissipate rapidly towards the direction with higher thermal conductivity. When welding plates of different thicknesses, the problem manifests as a severe asymmetry between heat capacity and heat dissipation path: thin plates heat up rapidly due to their small size and low heat capacity, and their heat dissipation path to the electrode is short and efficient. Conversely, thick plates have a large heat capacity and a long heat dissipation path, resulting in a slow heating response. The end result of both situations is that the welding energy cannot be confined to the center of the interface, causing the weld nugget to continuously and uncontrollably deviate towards the thin plate or the side with high thermal conductivity, causing overheating, deformation, or burn-through on the thin plate side, while the thick plate side forms a weak connection without penetration due to insufficient heat, reducing the joint strength and reliability.

[0004] Therefore, the problems of weld nugget displacement and unreliable joint quality caused by differences in physical properties when welding dissimilar materials or plates of different thicknesses are technical problems that need to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a resistance spot welding apparatus and method to solve the aforementioned technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In the first aspect, a resistance spot welding device is provided, including a frame and two supports distributed vertically at its rear end, wherein a first cylinder is fixedly installed at the rear end of the upper support; a spot welding mechanism is provided on both the upper and lower supports of the first cylinder.

[0007] The spot welding mechanism includes two clamps respectively set on the upper and lower ends of the supports of the telescopic section of the first cylinder. Electrode posts are fixedly installed on the clamps. A support frame located between the two supports is slidably installed at the rear end of the frame. An inverted concave fixed seat is fixedly installed on the upper end of the support frame. The fixed seat is connected to the telescopic section of the first cylinder. The opposite ends of the two electrode posts are both conical structures. Two electrode rings are coaxially attached to the conical section of the upper electrode post. The electrode rings have a frustum-shaped structure with the upper end diameter larger than the lower end diameter. An adjustment part is provided on the support frame.

[0008] Both the electrode ring and the electrode post are provided with cavities for introducing deionized water. Through holes are provided on the outer ring wall of the electrode ring and the conical surface of the electrode post. A one-way valve is installed in the through hole, and a pressure tube is connected to the inner ring wall of the electrode ring.

[0009] The adjustment unit drives the electrode ring to fit against the conical surface of the electrode post to dynamically adjust the effective contact area with the workpiece and actively distribute the current density and heat generation. At the same time, the pressure tube moves with the electrode ring to open the corresponding one-way valve to synchronously establish a matching cooling circuit.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the adjustment unit includes a fixing ring disposed below the support frame and corresponding to each electrode ring. Multiple insulating posts are fixedly installed between the lower end of the fixing ring and the upper end of the corresponding electrode ring. A fixing plate is fixedly installed on each fixing ring. A limit rod is fixedly installed on the fixing plate. The upper end of the limit rod slides through the support frame. A tension spring sleeved on the corresponding limit rod is fixedly installed between the upper end of the fixing plate and the lower end of the support frame. A push-pull component is provided on the fixing seat.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the push-pull component includes a second cylinder fixedly installed at the right end of the vertical section on the right side of the fixed base. A connecting plate is fixedly installed on the telescopic section of the second cylinder. The connecting plate has an L-shaped structure. The horizontal section of the connecting plate is located below the support frame. A guide part corresponding to the fixed plate is fixedly installed at the front end of the horizontal section of the connecting plate.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the guide part includes a rectangular block fixedly installed on the upper end of the fixed plate. A guide groove is provided on the rectangular block. A push-pull plate is provided at both the left and right ends of the rectangular block. The rear end of the push-pull plate is fixedly connected to the connecting plate. A guide post that slides through the corresponding guide groove is fixedly installed between the two push-pull plates that are directly opposite each other.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the guide groove consists of an inclined section and a horizontal section. The rear section of the upper guide groove and the front section of the lower guide groove are both inclined sections that slope downwards and backwards. The horizontal section of the upper guide groove is connected to the upper end of its inclined section, and the horizontal section of the lower guide groove is connected to the lower end of its inclined section.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the upper electrode post has a water inlet near its upper port, and a pipe connected to the water inlet is installed inside the upper electrode post, with the lower port of the pipe located inside the conical section of the upper electrode post.

[0015] As a preferred option, the lower electrode post has an outlet near its conical section.

[0016] The second aspect provides a resistance spot welding method, which is completed using a resistance spot welding device, including the following steps: S1, determining the required contact area configuration based on the workpiece material and thickness.

[0017] S2. The drive electrode ring fits into the conical surface of the electrode post, increasing the contact area at the working end.

[0018] S3. When the electrode rings are in contact, their cooling circuits are automatically activated to achieve synchronous matching between the contact area and the cooling range.

[0019] S4. While applying pressure and power, the cooling intensity is dynamically adjusted according to the contact area to achieve coordinated control of heat generation and heat dissipation.

[0020] The above-mentioned one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects: First, the present invention achieves active control of the welding heat field through the synergistic effect of the adjustable contact area of ​​the electrode and the synchronous expansion of the cooling range. Specifically, the contact area is dynamically adjusted by using the fit between the electrode ring and the cone surface of the electrode column, and at the same time, the one-way valve is opened by the pressure tube to form a cooling circuit, which solves the problem of weld nugget offset caused by the difference in plate thickness and ensures the reliability of the weld joint quality.

[0021] Second, the present invention effectively realizes the active distribution of welding heat source by adjusting the structure of the electrode ring to change the contact area. This structure enables the welding of dissimilar materials or plates of different thicknesses to achieve gentle heating by increasing the contact area on the thick plate side to reduce the current density and achieving concentrated heat generation by reducing the contact area on the thin plate side to increase the current density. This actively compensates for the uneven heat generation caused by differences in physical properties, and enables the welding energy to be stably concentrated at the plate interface.

[0022] Third, when the electrode rings are bonded together to expand the contact area, the invention opens the one-way valve through the pressure tube, thus expanding the cooling range simultaneously; conversely, when the contact area decreases, the cooling range becomes more concentrated. This dynamic matching mechanism of heat dissipation and heat generation effectively suppresses local overheating or overcooling, providing a key guarantee for the formation of a precisely positioned and uniformly structured melt nucleus.

[0023] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrode post located at the bottom of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustment part of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the pipe structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the push-pull component of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0031] Reference numerals: 10, frame; 11, support; 12, cylinder No. 1; 2, spot welding mechanism; 20, fixture; 21, electrode post; 210, water inlet; 211, pipe; 212, water outlet; 22, support frame; 23, fixed seat; 24, electrode ring; 240, one-way valve; 241, pressure pipe; 3, adjusting part; 30, fixing ring; 31, insulating post; 32, fixing plate; 33, tension spring; 4, push-pull component; 40, cylinder No. 2; 41, connecting plate; 5, guide part; 50, guide groove; 51, push-pull plate; 52, guide post. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, a resistance spot welding device includes a frame 10 and two supports 11 distributed vertically at its rear end. A first cylinder 12 is fixedly installed at the rear end of the upper support 11. A spot welding mechanism 2 is provided on both the first cylinder 12 and the lower support 11.

[0034] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the spot welding mechanism 2 includes two clamps 20 respectively set on the upper end of the supports 11 on the telescopic section of the first cylinder 12 and below it. Electrode posts 21 are fixedly installed on the clamps 20. A support frame 22 located between the two supports 11 is slidably installed at the rear end of the frame 10. An inverted concave fixed seat 23 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the support frame 22. The fixed seat 23 is connected to the telescopic section of the first cylinder 12. The opposite ends of the two electrode posts 21 are both conical structures. Two electrode rings 24 are coaxially attached to the conical section of the upper electrode post 21. The electrode rings 24 have a frustum-shaped structure with the upper end diameter larger than the lower end diameter. An adjustment part 3 is provided on the support frame 22.

[0035] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, both the electrode ring 24 and the electrode post 21 are provided with cavities for introducing deionized water. The outer ring wall of the electrode ring 24 and the conical surface of the electrode post 21 are provided with through holes. A one-way valve 240 is installed in the through holes. A pressure tube 241 is connected to the inner ring wall of the electrode ring 24.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in specific operation, firstly, based on the material and thickness of the workpiece to be welded, the electrode ring 24 is driven down by the adjustment unit 3 to fit against the electrode post 21 to adjust the contact area with the workpiece. The pressure tube 241 is inserted into the corresponding one-way valve 240 to push the valve core of the one-way valve 240 to form a flow path. Then, the workpiece to be welded is placed between the two electrode posts 21. The first cylinder 12 pushes the corresponding electrode post 21, support frame 22, fixing seat 23 and electrode ring 24 down, squeezing the workpiece between the two electrode posts 21. The upper electrode post 21 and electrode ring 24 fit against the thick plate side to form a large contact area to reduce the current density and achieve gentle heating. The lower electrode post 21 fits against the thin plate side, and the small contact area increases the current density to achieve concentrated heat generation. This adjustment method avoids the situation in traditional welding where an excessively high current is forced to be used to compensate for thermal imbalance, thus reducing the risk of electrode overload from the source.

[0037] Meanwhile, high-purity deionized water is used as a cooling medium to ensure excellent insulation properties. The flow rate and velocity to each electrode post 21 are dynamically adjusted by an external proportional valve. The deionized water in the upper electrode post 21 flows into the corresponding electrode ring 24 through the one-way valve 240 that has formed a flow path and through the corresponding pressure pipe 241. Thus, when high-strength welding is performed with a small contact area, the deionized flow rate is increased to achieve focused strong cooling and prevent the electrode post 21 from overheating. When gentle heating is performed with a large contact area, the deionized flow rate is reduced to achieve range-based moderate cooling and avoid excessive heat dissipation.

[0038] By combining the contact area and cooling intensity, precise control of the welding heat field is achieved. Deionized water ensures the dynamic matching of heat dissipation and heat generation, solving the problem of heat balance when welding dissimilar materials or plates of different thicknesses. It also ensures that the weld nugget is accurately formed at the center of the contact interface between the upper and lower layers and has consistent quality, while extending the service life of the electrode post 21.

[0039] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the adjustment part 3 includes a fixing ring 30 located below the support frame 22 and corresponding to the electrode rings 24 one by one. Multiple insulating posts 31 are fixedly installed between the lower end of the fixing ring 30 and the upper end of the corresponding electrode ring 24. A fixing plate 32 is fixedly installed on each fixing ring 30. A limit rod is fixedly installed on the fixing plate 32. The upper end of the limit rod slides through the support frame 22. A tension spring 33 sleeved on the corresponding limit rod is fixedly installed between the upper end of the fixing plate 32 and the lower end of the support frame 22. A push-pull component 4 is provided on the fixing seat 23.

[0040] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the push-pull component 4 includes a second cylinder 40 fixedly installed at the right end of the vertical section on the right side of the fixed base 23. A connecting plate 41 is fixedly installed on the telescopic section of the second cylinder 40. The connecting plate 41 has an L-shaped structure. The horizontal section of the connecting plate 41 is located below the support frame 22. A guide part 5 corresponding to the fixed plate 32 is fixedly installed at the front end of the horizontal section of the connecting plate 41.

[0041] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the guide part 5 includes a rectangular block fixedly installed on the upper end of the fixed plate 32. A guide groove 50 is provided on the rectangular block. A push-pull plate 51 is provided at both the left and right ends of the rectangular block. The rear end of the push-pull plate 51 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 41. A guide post 52 that slides through the corresponding guide groove 50 is fixedly installed between the two push-pull plates 51 that are directly opposite each other.

[0042] like Figure 6 As shown, the guide groove 50 consists of an inclined section and a horizontal section. The rear section of the upper guide groove 50 and the front section of the lower guide groove 50 are both inclined sections that slope downwards and backwards. The horizontal section of the upper guide groove 50 is connected to the upper end of its inclined section, and the horizontal section of the lower guide groove 50 is connected to the lower end of its inclined section.

[0043] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, during operation, the extension section of cylinder 40 pulls the connecting plate 41 forward, which in turn moves the push-pull plate 51 and guide post 52 forward. At this time, the upper guide post 52 slides within the inclined section of the corresponding guide groove 50. Through the cooperation of the guide post 52 and the corresponding guide groove 50, the rectangular block moves downward. The rectangular block then moves the upper fixing plate 32, fixing ring 30, insulating post 31, and electrode ring 24 downward, stretching the corresponding tension spring 33 until the inner wall of the electrode ring 24 contacts the outer wall of the conical section of the electrode post 21, thus energizing the upper... The guide post 52 moves to the connection between the inclined section and the horizontal section of the corresponding guide groove 50. During this process, the lower guide post 52 slides within the horizontal section of the corresponding guide groove 50 and eventually slides to the connection between the horizontal section and the inclined section of the corresponding guide groove 50. Because the lower guide post 52 slides within the horizontal section of the corresponding guide groove 50, the corresponding electrode ring 24 remains stationary and does not contact the other electrode posts 21 or the electrode ring 24. The electrode ring 24 that is in contact with the electrode post 21 expands the contact surface between the lower end of the electrode post 21 and the workpiece to be welded.

[0044] To further expand the contact area between the upper electrode post 21 and the workpiece to be welded, the second cylinder 40 continues to pull the connecting plate 41 forward, causing the upper guide post 52 to slide within the horizontal section of the corresponding guide groove 50, ensuring the electrode ring 24 adheres to the electrode post 21. Meanwhile, the lower guide post 52 slides within the inclined section of the corresponding guide groove 50. Through the cooperation between the guide post 52 and the inclined section of the guide groove 50, the inner wall of the corresponding electrode ring 24 is pushed to adhere to the outer wall of the previously lowered electrode ring 24 for energization, thereby further expanding the contact area between the upper electrode post 21 and the workpiece to be welded.

[0045] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, an inlet 210 is provided near the upper port of the upper electrode post 21, and a pipe 211 connected to the inlet 210 is provided inside the upper electrode post 21. The lower port of the pipe 211 is located inside the conical section of the upper electrode post 21.

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, the lower electrode post 21 has an outlet 212 near its conical section.

[0047] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, during specific operation, the external water inlet pipe is connected to the water inlet 210 and the lower port of the lower electrode post 21 through the external No. 1 insulating connector, while the external drain pipe is connected to the upper port of the upper electrode post 21 and the water outlet 212 of the lower electrode post 21 through the external No. 2 insulating connector. The external water inlet pipe flows into the corresponding electrode post 21 through the water inlet 210 and the pipe 211, and flows into the electrode ring 24 through the one-way valve 240 and the pressure pipe 241 that form the flow path, so that each electrode ring 24 can form a cooling circuit, ensuring that the cooling range expands synchronously when the contact area is expanded. The external water inlet pipe also introduces deionized water into the lower electrode post 21. After the electrode post 21 and the electrode ring 24 are full of deionized water, the external drain pipe slowly discharges the deionized water, but the external water inlet pipe remains in the water inlet state, so that the deionized water circulates in the electrode post 21 and the electrode ring 24, effectively carrying away a large amount of heat generated during the welding process.

[0048] In addition, the present invention also provides a resistance spot welding method, which is completed with the assistance of a resistance spot welding device, including the following steps: S1, determining the required contact area configuration according to the material and thickness of the workpiece.

[0049] S2. By using cylinder 40, a specific number of electrode rings 24 are moved axially along the conical surface of electrode post 21 and tightly fitted, thus achieving adjustable contact area. A stepped diameter expansion effect can be formed as needed, creating conditions for differentiated heat input.

[0050] S3. At the instant the electrode ring 24 and the electrode post 21 are attached, the pressure tube 241 will open the one-way valve 240 to establish a deionized water circulation channel, ensuring that the cooling range always maintains a precise correspondence with the current effective contact area, forming an intelligent response mechanism in which cooling follows the area change.

[0051] S4. During the welding process, the system adjusts the deionized water flow rate in real time through an external proportional valve. When welding with a small contact area, the cooling intensity is automatically increased to prevent the electrode post 21 from overheating; when welding with a large contact area, the cooling intensity is appropriately reduced to avoid excessive heat dissipation. This coordinated operation, through real-time monitoring of dynamic resistance, achieves closed-loop control, ultimately ensuring that the weld nugget is precisely formed at the center of the interface.

[0052] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0053] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "number one," and "number two" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," "number one," or "number two" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0054] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "connected," "installed," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0055] The embodiments described herein are preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A resistance spot welding device comprising a frame and two upper and lower distributed supports mounted on the rear end of the frame, the rear end of the upper support is fixedly mounted with a No. 1 air cylinder; characterized in that: The spot welding mechanism is arranged on the upper and lower supports of the first cylinder; The spot welding mechanism comprises two clamps arranged on the upper and lower supports of the first cylinder, respectively, and fixedly installed with electrode columns on the clamps, and a support frame slidably installed on the rear end of the frame between the two supports, and a reverse concave fixing seat fixedly installed on the upper end of the support frame, and the fixing seat is connected with the telescopic section of the first cylinder, and the opposite ends of the two electrode columns are in conical structure, and the conical section of the upper electrode column is coaxially and sequentially attached with two electrode rings, and the electrode rings are in the structure of circular truncated cone with the diameter of the upper end larger than that of the lower end, and an adjusting part is arranged on the support frame; The electrode column and the electrode ring are both provided with cavities for passing deionized water, and through holes are formed on the outer ring wall of the electrode ring and the conical surface of the electrode column, and one-way valves are installed in the through holes, and the inner ring wall of the electrode ring is communicated with a pressure pipe; The adjusting part drives the electrode ring to be attached with the conical surface of the electrode column to dynamically adjust the effective contact area with the workpiece, actively distribute the current density and heat production, and simultaneously, the pressure pipe moves with the electrode ring to open the corresponding one-way valve to synchronously establish a matched cooling circuit; The adjusting part comprises a fixing ring arranged below the support frame and corresponding to the electrode ring, a plurality of insulating columns fixedly installed between the lower end of the fixing ring and the upper end of the corresponding electrode ring, a fixing plate fixedly installed on the fixing ring, a limiting rod fixedly installed on the fixing plate, the upper end of the limiting rod slidably penetrating the support frame, a tension spring fixedly installed on the corresponding limiting rod and fixedly installed between the upper end of the fixing plate and the lower end of the support frame, and a push-pull piece arranged on the fixing seat; The push-pull piece comprises a second cylinder fixedly installed on the right end of the vertical section of the right side of the fixing seat, and a connecting plate fixedly installed on the telescopic section of the second cylinder, and the connecting plate is in L-shaped structure, and the horizontal section of the connecting plate is below the support frame, and a guide part corresponding to the fixing plate is fixedly installed on the front end of the horizontal section of the connecting plate; The guide part comprises a rectangular block fixedly installed on the upper end of the fixing plate, a guide groove formed on the rectangular block, and a push-pull plate arranged on each of the left and right ends of the rectangular block, and the rear end of the push-pull plate is fixedly connected with the connecting plate, and a guide column slidably penetrating the corresponding guide groove is fixedly installed between the two push-pull plates opposite to each other.

2. A resistance spot welding device according to claim 1, characterised in that: The guide groove is composed of an inclined section and a horizontal section, the rear section of the upper guide groove and the front section of the lower guide groove are both inclined sections inclined backward from top to bottom, the horizontal section of the upper guide groove is communicated with the upper end of the inclined section thereof, and the horizontal section of the lower guide groove is communicated with the lower end of the inclined section thereof.

3. A resistance spot welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper electrode column is provided with a water inlet at a position close to the upper end thereof, and a pipeline is arranged in the upper electrode column and communicated with the water inlet, and the lower end of the pipeline is located in the conical section of the upper electrode column.

4. A resistance spot welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower electrode column is provided with a water outlet close to the conical section thereof.

5. A resistance spot welding method characterized by: The resistance spot welding device is used to complete the following steps: S1, according to the material and thickness of the workpiece, the required contact area configuration is determined; S2, the electrode ring is driven to be attached with the conical surface of the electrode column to expand the contact area of the working end; S3, when the electrode ring is attached, the cooling circuit thereof is automatically connected to realize the synchronous matching of the contact area and the cooling range; S4, while the pressure and power are supplied, the cooling intensity is dynamically adjusted according to the contact area to realize the collaborative control of heat production and heat dissipation.

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