Rapid fermentation method for recycling competitive horse feeding waste

Abstract

The invention provides a competitive horse feeding waste resource rapid fermentation method, and belongs to the technical field of organic solid waste resource treatment. According to the method provided by the invention, the composite high-temperature aerobic fermentation inoculant is used for fermenting the horse manure. According to the method provided by the invention, pathogenic bacteria, antibiotic residues and parasitic ova in the competitive horse feeding waste are synergistically eliminated, and meanwhile, harmlessness and safety of fermentation products are guaranteed. The obtained fermentation product can be used as a high-quality organic fertilizer, has the advantages of low antibiotic residue, high spore inactivation rate, uniform particle size distribution and the like, completely meets the NY 525-2021 organic fertilizer quality standard, and can be processed into a special lawn fertilizer with high additional value (the premium price is greater than or equal to 30%).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic solid waste resource utilization technology, and in particular to a rapid fermentation method for the resource utilization of racing horse feed waste. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, common waste treatment methods on the market mainly include composting, anaerobic digestion, incineration, and landfill. Traditional aerobic composting, while simple to operate and low-cost, has a long processing cycle, imprecise temperature control, limited deodorization and sterilization effects, and difficulty in completely inactivating antibiotic residues and parasite eggs. These technical bottlenecks severely limit its widespread application in high-value utilization scenarios. Anaerobic digestion suffers from long fermentation start-up cycles, demanding operating conditions, and unstable gas emissions, making it difficult to meet the high-frequency, large-volume processing needs of racing horse waste. While incineration and landfill can quickly treat waste, they are energy-intensive, cause significant pollutant transfer, and contradict the current advocacy of a "green, low-carbon, and circular" development philosophy. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention aims to solve the problem of the difficulty in quickly, harmlessly, and efficiently treating the large amount of organic waste (such as manure, bedding, and feed residue) generated during the breeding of racing horses. It provides a rapid fermentation method for the resource utilization of racing horse breeding waste, realizing the clean transformation, pathogen inactivation, antibiotic degradation, and high-value utilization of horse manure and other wastes.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A rapid fermentation method for resource utilization of racing horse feed waste, which utilizes a compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent to ferment horse manure;

[0006] The compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent is composed of Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus licheniformis, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus stratosphericus, and Bacillus mucilaginosus.

[0007] In this invention, the compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent, based on a mass ratio of 100 parts, comprises 20–40 parts of Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius, 5–15 parts of Bacillus stearothermophilus, 5–15 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 5–15 parts of Thermomyces lanuginosus, 5–15 parts of Streptomyces themoviolaceus, 1–5 parts of Geobacillus stearothermophilus, 5–15 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 5–15 parts of Bacillus stratosphericus, and 5–15 parts of Bacillus mucilaginosus.

[0008] In this invention, Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius, a thermophilic enzyme-producing bacterium, can efficiently decompose cellulose and hemicellulose at 60–70℃, promoting the rapid degradation of organic matter in horse manure;

[0009] Bacillus stearothermophilus: It has both heat-generating and stress-resistant properties, maintaining fermentation activity at high temperatures and inhibiting the growth of putrefactive microorganisms;

[0010] Bacillus licheniformis: produces alkaline protease and various hydrolases, which help with organic nitrogen conversion and odor reduction;

[0011] Thermomyces lanuginosus: A thermophilic fungus that produces abundant xylanase and cellulase, accelerating the decomposition of plant residues;

[0012] Streptomyces thermoviolaceus: produces antibiotic-degrading enzymes and various extracellular enzymes, which help to degrade antibiotic residues and improve soil.

[0013] Geobacillus stearothermophilus: It has a strong ability to produce protease and amylase, is heat resistant, and can improve the protein decomposition efficiency of fermentation materials.

[0014] Bacillus megaterium: It has the ability to synthesize nutrients, promotes nitrogen cycling, and improves the microecological structure;

[0015] Bacillus stratosphericus: It has stress resistance and environmental adaptability, enhances the stability of the microbial community, and expands the range of adaptability to high-temperature fermentation;

[0016] Bacillus mucilaginosus: produces mucopolysaccharides, promotes the aggregation and humification of organic matter, and improves the physicochemical properties of the final humic products;

[0017] Among them, the various strains work synergistically under high temperature and aerobic conditions of 30–70℃, which can efficiently degrade cellulose, hemicellulose and organic nitrogen in horse manure within 10–72 hours, and significantly reduce antibiotic residues and pathogen content, improve fermentation efficiency and product stability, making them suitable for large-scale horse manure treatment and rapid preparation of organic fertilizer.

[0018] In this invention, the compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent needs to undergo three-stage expansion culture to obtain a high-purity, high-activity seed culture solution before use, including: primary seed culture: carried out in a small sterile container in the laboratory, using a nutrient-rich liquid culture medium (this invention does not specify the specific choice of liquid culture medium, and conventional technical means for those skilled in the art can be used), the culture temperature is controlled at 50–60℃ for 1–3 days to activate the strain, restore its growth activity and obtain a pure cell population;

[0019] Secondary seed culture: carried out in a medium-sized seed tank, with the temperature controlled at 55–65℃, and the aeration rate and stirring rate adjusted to maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen. Cultured for 2–4 days to expand the number of cells and adapt to the pilot-scale environment.

[0020] Three-stage seed culture: This is carried out in a large seed tank, simulating the target fermentation conditions, controlling the temperature at 60–70℃, pH at 7.0–8.0, aeration rate at 0.8–1.2 vvm, and stirring speed at 150–250 rpm, and cultured for 3–5 days to obtain a vigorous bacterial culture suitable for industrial high-temperature fermentation.

[0021] In this invention, horse manure is fermented using a compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent, and auxiliary materials are also added; the compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent accounts for 0.5–2% of the total mass of horse manure and auxiliary materials.

[0022] In this invention, the auxiliary materials are selected from at least one of rice husk powder, sawdust, hay, wood shavings bedding, rice bran, and sugarcane bagasse; the horse manure accounts for 40% to 60% of the total mass of the horse manure and the auxiliary materials.

[0023] In this invention, before fermenting horse manure with a compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent, a pretreatment step of the horse manure is also included; the pretreatment is as follows: after mixing the horse manure with auxiliary materials, the C / N ratio is adjusted to 20-30, the initial moisture content is 30-65%, and the pH is 6.5-7.5 to obtain a mixture; then the mixture is heat-treated to obtain a pretreated mixture.

[0024] In this invention, the heat treatment is to heat to 110–120°C in a sealed environment and hold for 15–30 minutes.

[0025] In this invention, the composite high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent accounts for 0.5–2% of the total mass of horse manure and auxiliary materials.

[0026] In this invention, the fermentation method is a two-stage batch inoculation fermentation; the first stage of inoculation fermentation is as follows: after the temperature of the pretreated mixture drops to 60-70°C, 60% of the total amount of compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent is added for fermentation; when the temperature of the fermentation system stabilizes at 30-45°C, the remaining 40% of the compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent is added; during the fermentation process, the oxygen concentration is maintained at 10-20% (v / v); the fermentation time is 10-72 hours.

[0027] In this invention, an oxygen concentration of 10–20% (v / v) is maintained through a pulse ventilation strategy. For example: (1) initially, ventilation is for 1 minute and pause for 5 minutes, and in the middle and later stages, ventilation is for 5 minutes and pause for 5 minutes; the agitator rotates alternately in both forward and reverse directions at 5–30 rpm to promote oxygen penetration and mixing with the material; the initial stage is 24 hours before fermentation, and the middle and later stages are until the end of fermentation; or,

[0028] (2) 5 minutes of ventilation / 5 minutes of ventilation stoppage, stirring frequency: the agitator alternates between forward and reverse rotation, stirring for 10 minutes every 4 hours at a speed of 20 rpm; or,

[0029] (3) Aerate for 3 minutes and stop aeration for 3 minutes in the first 24 hours, and then aerate for 6 minutes and stop aeration for 4 minutes until the end of fermentation. Stirring frequency: the stirrer alternates between forward and reverse rotation, stir for 10 minutes every 4 hours, and the speed is 20 rpm.

[0030] In this invention, the fermentation endpoint is determined by a combination of pH changes, CO2 release rate, odor changes, and temperature fluctuations to ensure thorough fermentation and product stability. Fermentation is considered complete when the pH decreases and stabilizes, the CO2 release rate decreases, the system temperature drops, and the odor is significantly reduced.

[0031] In this invention, the fermentation product is processed as follows: the fermented material is subjected to solid-liquid separation; the solid part is dehydrated to a moisture content of ≤30%, and the final solid part (organic fertilizer) has an antibiotic residue of less than 0.1 mg / kg, a pathogen inactivation rate of ≥99.9%, a spore inactivation rate of not less than 99.9%, and a particle size of 1–3 mm accounting for more than 90%; the liquid part is sterilized at 130℃ for 15 minutes and then discharged in compliance with standards.

[0032] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0033] The method provided by this invention achieves the synergistic elimination of pathogens, antibiotic residues, and parasite eggs in the waste from racing horse feed, while ensuring the harmlessness and safety of the fermentation products. The resulting fermentation products can be used as high-quality organic fertilizers, with advantages such as low antibiotic residues, high spore inactivation rate, and uniform particle size distribution. They fully comply with the NY 525-2021 organic fertilizer quality standard and can be processed into high-value-added lawn fertilizers (premium ≥30%). Detailed Implementation

[0034] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0035] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0036] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0037] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0038] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0039] Description of the strains involved in this invention:

[0040] Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius is a thermophilic facultative aerobic bacterium with a suitable temperature range of 45–70℃, and an optimal growth temperature of approximately 60℃. It possesses excellent high-temperature metabolic activity and is widely used in industrial fermentation and bioenergy. This bacterium can efficiently decompose various carbon sources, promote organic matter conversion, and has strong enzyme production capabilities, particularly suitable for the hydrolysis of cellulose and starch, thus improving the utilization rate of biomass resources. Its heat-resistant spores facilitate the preparation and storage of inoculants, making it suitable for biological treatment and waste conversion in high-temperature environments.

[0041] Bacillus stearothermophilus. A thermophilic bacillus, its optimal temperature is 55–65℃, with spores capable of withstanding high-temperature sterilization. This bacterium secretes powerful proteases and various enzyme systems, making it suitable for industrial protein hydrolysis and organic waste degradation. Its excellent thermal stability makes it widely used in biofertilizers, wastewater treatment, and organic waste conversion.

[0042] Bacillus licheniformis is a facultative aerobic bacillus, with an optimal growth temperature of approximately 37°C, operating between 20 and 50°C. It produces various enzymes, such as proteases, amylases, and cellulases, which are widely used in the food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries. It promotes the decomposition of soil organic matter and nutrient cycling, improving soil fertility, and enhances crop disease resistance by secreting antibacterial substances. It is commonly used as a biofertilizer and biological control agent.

[0043] *Thermomyces lanuginosus* is a thermophilic fungus, with an optimal growth temperature of approximately 50°C, and is known for producing thermostable lipases. Lipases exhibit broad substrate specificity and are used in biocatalysis, wastewater treatment, and organic waste degradation. They promote the decomposition of organic matter in soil, improve nutrient availability, and possess potential for industrial enzyme development.

[0044] Streptomyces thermoviolaceus. A thermophilic actinomycete, with an optimal growth temperature of 50–60℃. It secretes cellulase, protease, and antibacterial substances, and is used in the degradation of organic waste, antibiotic production, and biocontrol. It helps decompose soil organic matter and maintain microbial diversity, thus improving soil health.

[0045] Geobacillus stearothermophilus. A thermophilic facultative aerobic bacterium, with an optimal temperature of 45–70°C and a maximum of 60–65°C. Its spores are highly thermostable and are often used for high-temperature sterilization validation. It secretes various thermostable enzymes, such as amylase and protease, making it suitable for high-temperature bio-industrial processes and widely used in organic waste degradation and wastewater treatment.

[0046] Bacillus megaterium. A facultative aerobic bacterium, with an optimal temperature range of 10–45℃, and a maximum of 30–37℃. It is widely used in wastewater treatment, soil remediation, agricultural bio-fertilizers, and biological control. It can degrade COD and BOD, purifying water; adsorb or transform heavy metals, improving soil environmental quality; secrete organic acids and phosphatases to promote nutrient release, increasing the available phosphorus content in the soil; produce plant growth hormones to promote root development, enhancing crop resistance to drought, cold, and disease; and promote soil aggregate formation by secreting biofilms, improving aeration and water retention, and optimizing the rhizosphere microecology.

[0047] Bacillus stratosphericus. Suitable for growth at temperatures of 25–30℃, it can tolerate temperatures from 4℃ to 45℃, exhibiting strong environmental adaptability. It is widely used in agriculture, industry, environmental protection, and medicine. As a biofertilizer strain, it decomposes organic matter, releasing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients; secretes organic acids to promote the dissolution of insoluble nutrients; produces plant hormones to promote root development; and its metabolites contain antibacterial substances, inhibiting pathogens and achieving green biocontrol. Industrially, it produces thermostabilizing enzymes, used in food processing and textiles; in the environmental field, it degrades organic pollutants and remediates heavy metal-contaminated soil; some strains also possess probiotic potential.

[0048] Bacillus mucilaginosus. A thermoresistant spore, capable of surviving at 121°C for 15–20 minutes, exhibiting excellent thermal stability. Its multilayered structure and protective components maintain its activity under high temperatures. It can dissolve minerals such as potassium feldspar and apatite, releasing potassium and phosphorus nutrients; secrete auxins to promote root development and enhance stress resistance; and form a protective film to induce systemic resistance in crops. Its extracellular polysaccharides can be used as thickeners and stabilizers in food and cosmetics. In environmental protection, it can remediate soil contaminated with heavy metals and purify wastewater, making it an important microbial species for green agriculture and ecological restoration.

[0049] The fermentation system used in the rapid fermentation of waste from racing horse husbandry in this invention includes:

[0050] (a) A pressure-resistant fermenter (1) is constructed with a double-layer SUS316L stainless steel structure and is equipped with a variable pitch spiral agitator (11) and a multi-stage gas distribution plate (12) inside. The agitator (11) has micropores with a diameter of 0.5 to 1 mm on its surface, and the total area of ​​the micropores accounts for 15 to 20% of the surface area of ​​the agitator blade. The gas distribution plate (12) is equipped with a tapered gas distribution hole with an inlet diameter of 2 mm and an outlet diameter of 1 mm. The fermenter (1) is equipped with a pressure release device and an observation window at the top and a solid-liquid separation interface at the bottom to facilitate product discharge and collection.

[0051] (b) Temperature control unit (2), including an annular heating wire (21) and a steam injection pipe (22), used to regulate the temperature inside the tank within the range of 60 to 120°C;

[0052] The heating and temperature control system uses the switching on and off of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) to adjust the heating power and combines it with a PID temperature controller to achieve precise temperature control.

[0053] (c) Photo-oxygen three-stage gas purification (3), which is connected in sequence to an ozone generator (31), an ultraviolet lamp array (32) and an activated carbon tower (33) for the sterilization and deodorization of exhaust gas.

[0054] (d) Control system (4), including a central controller, sensor module and actuator, the control system is used to monitor and adjust the temperature, stirring speed, oxygen supply rhythm and gas treatment status in real time, so as to realize the automated control of the fermentation process.

[0055] Specifically:

[0056] (1) Pressure-resistant fermenter: The fermenter features a double-layer SUS316L stainless steel structure, providing corrosion resistance, pressure resistance, and heat resistance. Internally, it is equipped with a variable-pitch spiral agitator and multi-stage gas distribution plates. The agitator surface is distributed with 0.5–1 mm micropores, with the total pore area accounting for 15–20% of the agitator blade surface area, to improve gas-liquid mixing efficiency. The gas distribution plates have tapered, tapered gas distribution holes to ensure uniform oxygen distribution within the material. An observation window and pressure release device are located at the top of the tank, and a solid-liquid separation port is located at the bottom for easy product discharge and sampling analysis after fermentation termination.

[0057] (2) Temperature control unit: Includes a dual heating system of electric heating and steam. It is equipped with an outer ring heating wire and steam injection pipe. The fermentation temperature can be adjusted within the range of 60–120℃ via a PID intelligent temperature control module, achieving zoned temperature control during the fermentation stage. The heating power is adjusted by switching on and off a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR), and combined with the PID temperature control module, the temperature accuracy can reach ±1℃, meeting the continuous requirements of high-temperature sterilization and mesophilic aerobic fermentation.

[0058] (3) Gas Treatment Unit: A three-stage photo-oxygen tail gas purification structure is set up, including an ozone generator, an ultraviolet lamp array, and an activated carbon adsorption tower. The ozone generator adopts a high-frequency dielectric barrier discharge method to provide an ozone concentration of 20–80 mg / L; the ultraviolet lamp array adopts a dual-wavelength combination of 254 nm and 185 nm to achieve pathogen killing and synergistic ozone degradation of VOCs; the activated carbon tower is filled with three-section columnar modified carbon material with a specific surface area >1000 m². 2 / g, iodine value ≥950mg / g, exhaust gas residence time 15-25 seconds, ensuring a removal rate of over 95% for odor molecules such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and volatile fatty acids. The system is equipped with an exhaust gas monitoring module to detect the concentrations of NH3, H2S, ozone, and VOCs in real time, and to adjust the operating parameters of ozone and ultraviolet lamps accordingly to ensure stable emissions that meet standards.

[0059] (4) Intelligent Control System: Composed of a central controller, sensor modules, and execution units, it realizes automated management of the entire fermentation process. The system can collect data such as temperature, humidity, pH, oxygen concentration, stirring speed, and exhaust gas concentration in real time, and perform fine control through built-in adjustment strategies, such as automatically adjusting the stirring paddle speed (5–30 rpm forward and reverse rotation), oxygen supply rhythm (pulse ventilation), temperature control curve switching, and exhaust gas treatment intensity adjustment, so as to comprehensively improve fermentation efficiency and product consistency.

[0060] Other fermentation systems commonly used in this field are also applicable to this invention.

[0061] Unless otherwise specified, the technical solutions described in this invention are all conventional solutions in the field, and the reagents or raw materials used are all purchased from commercial channels or are publicly available unless otherwise specified.

[0062] All strains used in the embodiments of this invention were purchased from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center.

[0063] In this embodiment of the invention, the compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent used undergoes a three-stage expansion culture to obtain a high-purity, high-activity seed culture before use. The specific steps are as follows:

[0064] Primary seed culture: This is carried out in a small sterile container in the laboratory using a nutrient-rich liquid culture medium. The culture temperature is controlled at 50–60℃ for 1–3 days to activate the strain, restore its growth activity, and obtain a pure cell population.

[0065] Secondary seed culture: carried out in a medium-sized seed tank, with the temperature controlled at 55–65℃, and the aeration rate and stirring rate adjusted to maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen. Cultured for 2–4 days to expand the number of cells and adapt to the pilot-scale environment.

[0066] Three-stage seed culture: This is carried out in a large seed tank, simulating the target fermentation conditions, controlling the temperature at 60–70℃, pH at 7.0–8.0, aeration rate at 0.8–1.2 vvm, and stirring speed at 150–250 rpm, and cultured for 3–5 days to obtain a vigorous bacterial culture suitable for industrial high-temperature fermentation.

[0067] To better understand the present invention, the following embodiments further illustrate the content of the present invention, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] A rapid fermentation method for the resource utilization of waste from racing horse husbandry includes the following steps:

[0070] (a) Raw material pretreatment: 60% horse manure, 20% rice husk powder, 10% sawdust, and 10% hay were mixed by mass percentage to obtain a mixture. The C / N ratio of the mixture was adjusted to 25, the initial moisture content to 62%, and the pH to 7.2. 1% of the total mass of the horse manure, rice husk powder, sawdust, and hay was weighed as a compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent; the formulation of the compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent is shown in Table 1.

[0071] Table 1. Formulation ratio of compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation inoculant (based on 100%): (by mass)

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] (b) Heat pretreatment stage: The mixture is loaded into a pressure-resistant fermenter, heated to 110°C in a sealed manner and maintained for 20 minutes to initially inactivate pathogens, degrade antibiotic residues and improve the material structure, thereby increasing subsequent bioavailability.

[0075] (c) Inoculation and Fermentation Stage: A two-stage batch inoculation strategy is adopted. In the first stage of fermentation, after the material treated in step (b) naturally cools to 70°C, 60% of the total inoculum is added and fermentation continues for 4 hours. In the second stage of fermentation, the remaining 40% of the inoculum is added when the system temperature stabilizes at 35°C and fermentation continues for 45 hours. Oxygen concentration is maintained using a pulse aeration strategy: for the first 24 hours, aeration is 1 minute / 5 minutes, followed by 5 minutes / 5 minutes until fermentation is complete. The agitator rotates alternately in both forward and reverse directions at 20 rpm to promote oxygen penetration and mixing with the material.

[0076] (d) Endpoint Judgment and Product Processing: The fermentation is judged to be complete based on a comprehensive indicator of pH stabilization, reduced CO2 release rate, decreased system temperature, and significant reduction in odor. After the fermentation material is discharged through the bottom interface, solid-liquid separation is performed; the solid part is dehydrated to ≤30% moisture content to obtain organic fertilizer, and the liquid part is sterilized at 130℃ for 15 minutes to meet the discharge standards (meeting the standard of GB 18596-2001 "Emission Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding Industry", total coliform count: 100 CFU / L, pathogen inactivation rate: Salmonella, Escherichia coli and other pathogenic bacteria must be 100% inactivated to ensure no detection).

[0077] The relevant indicators of the fermentation products (organic fertilizer) meet the Chinese agricultural industry standard NY 525-2021 for organic fertilizer, as shown in Table 9; the relevant exhaust gas meets the GB 14554-1993 standard for odor pollutant emissions, as shown in Table 10.

[0078] Example 2

[0079] A rapid fermentation method for the resource utilization of waste from racing horse husbandry includes the following steps:

[0080] (a) Raw material pretreatment: 40% horse manure, 30% wood shavings, 15% sawdust, and 15% rice bran were mixed by weight percentage to obtain a mixture. The C / N ratio of the mixture was adjusted to 30, the initial moisture content to 58%, and the pH to 6.9. A compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent was weighed at 1.5% of the total mass of horse manure, wood shavings, sawdust, and rice bran; the formulation of the compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent is shown in Table 2.

[0081] Table 2. Formulation ratio of compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation inoculant (based on 100%): (by mass)

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] (b) Heat pretreatment stage: The mixture is loaded into a pressure-resistant fermenter, sealed and heated to 115°C and maintained for 20 minutes to initially inactivate pathogens, degrade antibiotic residues and improve the material structure, thereby increasing subsequent bioavailability.

[0085] (c) Inoculation and Fermentation Stage: A two-stage batch inoculation strategy is adopted. In the first stage of fermentation, after the material treated in step (b) has naturally cooled to 70°C, 60% of the total inoculum is added and fermentation continues for 6 hours. In the second stage of fermentation, the remaining 40% of the inoculum is added when the system temperature stabilizes at 30°C, and fermentation continues for 45 hours. Oxygen concentration is maintained using a pulse aeration strategy: 5 minutes of aeration followed by 5 minutes of aeration until fermentation is complete. The agitator alternates between forward and reverse rotation, stirring for 10 minutes every 4 hours at a speed of 20 rpm to promote oxygen penetration and mixing with the material.

[0086] (d) Endpoint Judgment and Product Processing: The fermentation is judged to be complete based on a comprehensive indicator of pH stabilization, reduced CO2 release rate, decreased system temperature, and significant reduction in odor. After the fermentation material is discharged through the bottom interface, solid-liquid separation is performed; the solid part is dehydrated to ≤30% moisture content to obtain organic fertilizer, and the liquid part is sterilized at 130℃ for 15 minutes to meet the discharge standards (meeting the standard of GB 18596-2001 "Emission Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding Industry", total coliform count: 100 CFU / L, pathogen inactivation rate: Salmonella, Escherichia coli and other pathogenic bacteria must be 100% inactivated to ensure no detection).

[0087] The relevant indicators of the fermentation products (organic fertilizer) meet the Chinese agricultural industry standard NY 525-2021 for organic fertilizer, as shown in Table 9; the relevant exhaust gas meets the GB 14554-1993 standard for odor pollutant emissions, as shown in Table 10.

[0088] Example 3

[0089] A rapid fermentation method for the resource utilization of waste from racing horse husbandry includes the following steps:

[0090] (a) Raw material pretreatment: 55% horse manure, 35% sugarcane bagasse, and 10% rice bran were mixed by mass percentage to obtain a mixture. The C / N ratio of the mixture was adjusted to 26, the initial moisture content to 65%, and the pH to 6.7. A compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent was weighed at 2.0% of the total mass of the horse manure, sugarcane bagasse, and rice bran; the formulation of the compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent is shown in Table 3.

[0091] Table 3. Formulation ratio of compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation inoculant (based on 100%): (by mass)

[0092] Strain Name Proportion (%) Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius 35 Bacillus stearothermophilus 10 Bacillus licheniformis 10 Thermomyces lanuginosus 10 Streptomyces thermoviolaceus 5 Geobacillus stearothermophilus 10 Bacillus megaterium 5 Bacillus stratosphericus 5 Bacillus mucilaginosus 10

[0093] (b) Heat pretreatment stage: The mixture is loaded into a pressure-resistant fermenter, heated to 120°C in a sealed manner and maintained for 15 minutes to initially inactivate pathogens, degrade antibiotic residues and improve the material structure, thereby increasing subsequent bioavailability.

[0094] (c) Inoculation and Fermentation Stage: A two-stage batch inoculation strategy was adopted. In the first stage of fermentation, after the material treated in step (b) naturally cooled to 65°C, 60% of the total inoculum was added and fermented for 8 hours. In the second stage of fermentation, the remaining 40% of the inoculum was added when the system temperature stabilized at 40°C and fermented for 40 hours. Oxygen concentration was maintained using a pulse aeration strategy: 3 minutes of aeration / 3 minutes of aeration stopped for the first 24 hours, followed by 6 minutes of aeration / 4 minutes of aeration stopped until fermentation was complete. The agitator alternated between forward and reverse rotation, stirring for 10 minutes every 4 hours at a speed of 20 rpm to promote oxygen penetration and mixing with the material.

[0095] (d) Endpoint Judgment and Product Processing: The fermentation is judged to be complete based on a comprehensive indicator of pH stabilization, reduced CO2 release rate, decreased system temperature, and significant reduction in odor. After the fermentation material is discharged through the bottom interface, solid-liquid separation is performed; the solid part is dehydrated to ≤30% moisture content to obtain organic fertilizer, and the liquid part is sterilized at 130℃ for 15 minutes to meet the discharge standards (meeting the standard of GB 18596-2001 "Emission Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding Industry", total coliform count: 100 CFU / L, pathogen inactivation rate: Salmonella, Escherichia coli and other pathogenic bacteria must be 100% inactivated to ensure no detection).

[0096] The relevant indicators of the fermentation products (organic fertilizer) meet the Chinese agricultural industry standard NY 525-2021 for organic fertilizer, as shown in Table 9; the relevant exhaust gas meets the GB 14554-1993 standard for odor pollutant emissions, as shown in Table 10.

[0097] Comparative Example 1

[0098] The only difference from Example 1 is the ratio of the compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation inoculant; all other steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1. The ratio of the compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation inoculant in this comparative example is shown in Table 4:

[0099] Table 4. Formulation ratio of compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation inoculant (based on 100%): (by mass)

[0100] Strain Name Proportion (%) Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius 50 Bacillus stearothermophilus 20 Bacillus licheniformis 2 Thermomyces lanuginosus 6 Streptomyces thermoviolaceus 11 Geobacillus stearothermophilus 8 Bacillus megaterium 1 Bacillus stratosphericus 1 Bacillus mucilaginosus 1

[0101] Comparative Example 2

[0102] The only difference from Example 1 is the ratio of the compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation inoculant; all other steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1. The ratio of the compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation inoculant in this comparative example is shown in Table 5:

[0103] Table 5. Formulation ratio of compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation inoculant (based on 100%): (by mass)

[0104] Strain Name Proportion (%) Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius 30 Bacillus stearothermophilus 15 Bacillus licheniformis 15 Thermomyces lanuginosus 10 Streptomyces thermoviolaceus 10 Geobacillus stearothermophilus 5 Bacillus megaterium 5 Bacillus stratosphericus 10

[0105] Comparative Example 3

[0106] The only difference from Example 1 is the ratio of the compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation inoculant; all other steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1. The ratio of the compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation inoculant in this comparative example is shown in Table 6:

[0107] Table 6. Formulation ratio of compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation inoculant (based on 100%): (by mass)

[0108]

[0109]

[0110] Comparative Example 4

[0111] The only difference from Example 1 is the ratio of the compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation inoculant; all other steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1. The ratio of the compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation inoculant in this comparative example is shown in Table 7:

[0112] Table 7. Formulation ratio of compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation inoculant (based on 100%): (by mass)

[0113] Strain Name Proportion (%) Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius 25 Bacillus stearothermophilus 5 Bacillus licheniformis 10 Thermomyces lanuginosus 30 Streptomyces thermoviolaceus 15 Geobacillus stearothermophilus 2 Bacillus megaterium 5 Bacillus stratosphericus 5 Bacillus mucilaginosus 3

[0114] Comparative Example 5

[0115] The only difference from Example 1 is the ratio of the compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation inoculant; all other steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1. The ratio of the compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation inoculant in this comparative example is shown in Table 8:

[0116] Table 8. Formulation ratio of compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation inoculant (based on 100%): (by mass)

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] Table 9 Quality indicators of fermentation products from each example and comparative example

[0120]

[0121] Table 10 Exhaust gas indicators for each embodiment and comparative example

[0122]

[0123]

[0124] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid fermentation method for the resource utilization of waste from racing horse husbandry, characterized in that, Fermenting horse manure using a compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent; The compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent is composed of Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus licheniformis, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus stratosphericus, and Bacillus mucilaginosus.

2. The rapid fermentation method for resource utilization of racing horse feed waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent, calculated in parts by weight of 100, consists of 20–40 parts of Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius, 5–15 parts of Bacillus stearothermophilus, 5–15 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 5–15 parts of Thermomyces lanuginosus, 5–15 parts of Streptomyces thermoviolaceus, 1–5 parts of Geobacillus stearothermophilus, 5–15 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 5–15 parts of Bacillus stratosphericus, and 5–15 parts of Bacillus mucilaginosus.

3. The rapid fermentation method for resource utilization of racing horse feed waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, Fermenting horse manure using a compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent also includes adding auxiliary materials; the compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent accounts for 0.5–2% of the total mass of horse manure and auxiliary materials.

4. The rapid fermentation method for resource utilization of racing horse feed waste according to claim 3, characterized in that, Before fermenting horse manure using a compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent, the process also includes a pretreatment step for the horse manure. The pretreatment involves mixing the horse manure with auxiliary materials, adjusting the C / N ratio to 20–30, the initial moisture content to 30–65%, and the pH to 6.5–7.5 to obtain a mixture. The mixture is then heat-treated to obtain a pretreated mixture.

5. The rapid fermentation method for resource utilization of racing horse feed waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heat treatment involves heating in a sealed environment to 110–120°C and holding at that temperature for 15–30 minutes.

6. The rapid fermentation method for resource utilization of racing horse feed waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fermentation method is a two-stage batch inoculation fermentation; the first stage of inoculation fermentation is as follows: after the temperature of the pretreated mixture drops to 60-70℃, 60% of the total amount of compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent is added for fermentation. When the temperature of the fermentation system stabilizes at 30-45℃, the remaining 40% of the compound high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent is added. During the fermentation process, the oxygen concentration is maintained at 10-20% (v / v); the fermentation time is 10-72 hours.

7. The rapid fermentation method for resource utilization of racing horse feed waste according to claim 6, characterized in that, Oxygen concentration was maintained at 10–20% (v / v) using a pulse ventilation strategy.

8. The rapid fermentation method for resource utilization of racing horse feed waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermentation endpoint is determined by a combination of factors, including pH changes, CO2 release rate, odor changes, and temperature fluctuations, to ensure thorough fermentation and product stability.

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