Special compound fertilizer for rice planting and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a special compound fertilizer for rice planting and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. The compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: animal waste, plant straw, sawdust, quick lime, sulfur coated urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, compound zymophyte, cellulase, calcium hydrophosphate, zinc sulfate, borax, bentonite and a compound microbial agent. The animal waste is firstly fermented and then mixed with the inorganic components for granulation, finally, the complex microbial inoculant is sprayed at normal temperature, meanwhile, the variety and content of the inorganic components are adjusted, and only a small amount of inorganic fertilizer is added into the prepared compound fertilizer, so that the compound fertilizer can be suitable for rice planting, and the yield of rice is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fertilizer technology, and in particular to a compound fertilizer specifically for rice cultivation and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Rice is one of my country's most important food crops. Its growth process includes multiple stages such as seedling stage, transplanting, greening stage, tillering stage, young panicle differentiation stage, heading and flowering stage, and grain filling stage. Fertilization is a key factor in improving yield and quality during rice growth. Commonly used fertilizers for rice cultivation include compound fertilizers such as nitrogen fertilizers (e.g., urea, ammonium bicarbonate), phosphorus fertilizers (e.g., superphosphate), and potassium fertilizers (e.g., potassium chloride). These fertilizers can quickly provide the macronutrients needed for rice growth.

[0003] However, current general-purpose compound fertilizers (such as 15-15-15) have fixed nutrient ratios, making it difficult to accurately match the dynamic changes in the demand for macronutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), as well as micronutrients such as zinc (Zn) and silicon (Si) throughout the entire growth cycle of rice (vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage). High nitrogen levels are required during the vegetative growth stage to promote tillering, while nitrogen needs to be controlled and phosphorus and potassium increased during the reproductive growth stage to improve seed setting rate and lodging resistance.

[0004] Applying existing compound fertilizers in a single application or using improperly formulated compound fertilizers can easily lead to nitrogen loss and volatilization in the early stages (such as ammonia volatilization), and insufficient phosphorus and potassium supply in the later stages, resulting in low fertilizer utilization (usually below 40%). This not only increases production costs but also brings environmental pollution risks (eutrophication of water bodies).

[0005] Furthermore, conventional compound fertilizers often overlook rice's specific needs for elements such as silicon and zinc. Silicon can significantly enhance rice stem strength, improve resistance to diseases and pests and lodging resistance, and improve photosynthetic efficiency; zinc is a component of many enzymes and is crucial for rice tillering, root development, and prevention of root rot. The lack of specialized additives or their improper addition affects the high-yield potential and quality of rice.

[0006] Fertilization throughout the rice growing season is a cumbersome process: farmers need to purchase different ratios of fertilizer or single-element fertilizers multiple times based on experience for mixed application, which is complex and increases labor costs. Furthermore, existing common compound fertilizers are fast-acting, and their peak nutrient release does not match the peak demand of rice well.

[0007] Furthermore, the excessive application of chemical fertilizers can easily lead to problems such as decreased soil fertility, soil compaction, and continuously increasing production costs. Therefore, how to provide a compound fertilizer with low inorganic fertilizer content that can increase rice yield has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a compound fertilizer specifically for rice cultivation, which reduces the content of inorganic fertilizer and increases rice yield.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.

[0010] A compound fertilizer specifically for rice cultivation, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0011] 50-60 parts animal manure, 10-20 parts plant straw, 5-15 parts sawdust, 1-3 parts quicklime, 8-15 parts sulfur-coated urea, 5-8 parts diammonium phosphate, 4-7 parts potassium sulfate, 2-4 parts compound fermentation bacteria, 0.1-0.5 parts cellulase, 2-3 parts dicalcium phosphate, 1-2 parts zinc sulfate, 1-3 parts borax, 1-10 parts bentonite, and 2-5 parts compound microbial agent.

[0012] Preferably, the animal excrement is at least one of cow dung, pig dung, chicken dung, and sheep dung.

[0013] Preferably, the plant straw is at least one of rice straw and wheat straw.

[0014] Preferably, the compound fermentation bacteria comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.3-0.5 parts yeast, 0.2-0.4 parts lactic acid bacteria, and 0.3-0.5 parts actinomycetes.

[0015] Preferably, the compound microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2-0.5 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 0.1-0.7 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and 0.2-0.8 parts of Trichoderma harzianum.

[0016] Preferably, the method for preparing the sulfur-coated urea includes the following steps:

[0017] Take large urea particles with a particle size of 2.5-3.5mm and place them in a coating machine, preheating them to 60-70℃; then spray molten sulfur through atomization at a pressure of 0.5-0.7MPa. After spraying, pass in cold air at 20-30℃ for 10-15 minutes to cool and solidify the sulfur layer; then spray molten microcrystalline wax and diatomaceous earth at 85-90℃, cool it a second time to 35℃, and discharge it. After maturing for 30-40 hours, sulfur-coated urea is obtained.

[0018] More preferably, the mass ratio of the large-particle urea, sulfur, microcrystalline wax, and diatomaceous earth is 90-100:30-35:1.4-1.5:0.7-1.

[0019] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a compound fertilizer specifically for rice cultivation, comprising the following steps:

[0020] (1) Mix animal manure, plant straw and sawdust, adjust the moisture content to 50-55%, add quicklime, cellulase and compound fermentation bacteria, mix evenly and stack, cover with a breathable membrane for fermentation, and obtain fermented manure;

[0021] (2) Mix fermented manure with sulfur-coated urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, compound fermentation bacteria, dicalcium phosphate, zinc sulfate, borax and bentonite, spray in an appropriate amount of water to granulate, and obtain granular mixed fertilizer.

[0022] (3) Dry the granular mixed fertilizer at low temperature until the moisture content is ≤12%, then spray the compound microbial agent at room temperature and mix evenly to obtain a compound fertilizer for rice planting.

[0023] Preferably, the specific method of fermentation in step (1) is as follows:

[0024] Days 1-3: When the temperature rises to 60-65℃, turn the toss once a day;

[0025] Days 4-14: Maintain temperature at 60-70℃, turn over once every 2 days;

[0026] Days 15-29: Temperature drops to 40-50℃, turn the mixture over once every 5 days;

[0027] Day 30: Spread out and let it age for 10-15 days until the moisture content reaches 25-30%, then sieve it through a 2mm screen to obtain well-rotted manure.

[0028] Preferably, the temperature of the low-temperature drying in step (3) is 25-65℃.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] This invention provides a compound fertilizer specifically for rice cultivation, which is made by mixing well-rotted animal manure and inorganic fertilizers, reducing the amount of inorganic fertilizer used, and adjusting the types and contents of inorganic components to make the compound fertilizer suitable for rice cultivation and increase rice yield. Detailed Implementation

[0031] A compound fertilizer specifically for rice cultivation, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0032] Animal manure 50-60 parts, plant straw 10-20 parts, sawdust 5-15 parts, quicklime 1-3 parts, sulfur-coated urea 8-15 parts, diammonium phosphate 5-8 parts, potassium sulfate 4-7 parts, compound fermentation bacteria 2-4 parts, cellulase 0.1-0.5 parts, dicalcium phosphate 2-3 parts, zinc sulfate 1-2 parts, borax 1-3 parts, bentonite 1-10 parts, compound microbial agent 2-5 parts;

[0033] The compound fermentation bacteria include the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.3-0.5 parts yeast, 0.2-0.4 parts lactic acid bacteria, and 0.3-0.5 parts actinomycetes.

[0034] The compound microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2-0.5 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 0.1-0.7 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and 0.2-0.8 parts of Trichoderma harzianum.

[0035] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the animal excrement is at least one of cow dung, pig dung, chicken dung, and sheep dung; the plant straw is at least one of rice straw and wheat straw.

[0036] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the sulfur-coated urea includes the following steps:

[0037] Large urea particles with a diameter of 2.5-3.5 mm were placed in a coating machine and preheated to 65°C. Then, molten sulfur was atomized and sprayed at a pressure of 0.5 MPa. After spraying, 25°C cold air was introduced to cool the sulfur layer for 10 minutes to solidify it. Subsequently, molten microcrystalline wax and diatomaceous earth at 85°C were sprayed. After cooling to 35°C for the second time, the material was discharged and matured for 35 hours to obtain sulfur-coated urea. The mass ratio of large urea particles, sulfur, microcrystalline wax, and diatomaceous earth was 100:35:1.4:0.7.

[0038] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the compound fertilizer specifically for rice cultivation includes the following steps:

[0039] (1) Mix animal manure, plant straw and sawdust in proportion, adjust the moisture content to 55%, add quicklime, cellulase and compound fermentation bacteria, mix evenly and stack, cover with a breathable membrane for fermentation, and obtain fermented manure;

[0040] (2) Mix fermented manure with sulfur-coated urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, compound fermentation bacteria, dicalcium phosphate, zinc sulfate, borax and bentonite, spray in an appropriate amount of water to granulate, and obtain granular mixed fertilizer.

[0041] (3) Dry the granular mixed fertilizer at a low temperature of 60℃ until the moisture content is ≤12%, then spray the compound microbial agent at room temperature and mix evenly to obtain a special compound fertilizer for rice planting.

[0042] The specific method of fermentation described in step (1) is as follows:

[0043] Days 1-3: Temperature rises to 60℃, turn the toss once a day;

[0044] Days 4-14: Maintain temperature at 65℃, turn over once every 2 days;

[0045] Days 15-29: Temperature drops to 45℃, turn the mixture over once every 5 days;

[0046] Day 30: Spread out and age for 15 days until the moisture content reaches 26%, then sieve through a 2mm screen to obtain well-rotted manure.

[0047] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] A compound fertilizer specifically for rice cultivation, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0050] 55 parts chicken manure, 18 parts plant straw, 10 parts sawdust, 2 parts quicklime, 11 parts sulfur-coated urea, 8 parts diammonium phosphate, 5 parts potassium sulfate, 3 parts compound fermentation bacteria, 0.3 parts cellulase, 3 parts dicalcium phosphate, 1 part zinc sulfate, 2 parts borax, 8 parts bentonite, and 4 parts compound microbial agent.

[0051] The compound fermentation bacteria are composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.3 parts yeast, 0.3 parts lactic acid bacteria, and 0.4 parts actinomycetes.

[0052] The compound microbial agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.3 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 0.4 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and 0.7 parts of Trichoderma harzianum.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] A compound fertilizer specifically for rice cultivation, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0055] 60 parts cow dung, 15 parts plant straw, 14 parts sawdust, 2 parts quicklime, 10 parts sulfur-coated urea, 7 parts diammonium phosphate, 5 parts potassium sulfate, 4 parts compound fermentation bacteria, 0.4 parts cellulase, 3 parts dicalcium phosphate, 2 parts zinc sulfate, 2 parts borax, 5 parts bentonite, and 3 parts compound microbial agent.

[0056] The compound fermentation bacteria are composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5 parts yeast, 0.4 parts lactic acid bacteria, and 0.3 parts actinomycetes.

[0057] The compound microbial agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 0.4 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and 0.5 parts of Trichoderma harzianum.

[0058] Comparative Example 1

[0059] A compound fertilizer specifically for rice cultivation, with the same raw material composition as in Example 1, except that in Comparative Example 1, sulfur-coated urea is replaced with urea.

[0060] Comparative Example 2

[0061] A compound fertilizer specifically for rice cultivation, with the same raw material composition as in Example 1, differs in that quicklime, cellulase, and compound fermentation bacteria are not added in Comparative Example 2, and the fermentation method is as follows:

[0062] Mix animal manure, plant straw, and sawdust in a certain proportion, adjust the moisture content to 55%, cover and ferment for 4 months.

[0063] Comparative Example 3

[0064] A compound fertilizer specifically for rice cultivation, with the same raw material composition as in Example 1, except that no compound microbial agent is added in Comparative Example 3.

[0065] Comparative Example 4

[0066] A compound fertilizer specifically for rice cultivation, with the same raw material composition as in Example 1, except that the compound microbial agent in Comparative Example 4 is added before granulation.

[0067] Comparative Example 5

[0068] A compound fertilizer specifically for rice cultivation, with the same raw material composition as in Example 1, except that the sulfur-coated urea in Comparative Example 5 does not contain microcrystalline wax or diatomaceous earth.

[0069] This rice-specific compound fertilizer was applied to sandy mud paddy fields in Shunchang County, Fujian Province. It was used as a base fertilizer, applied while maintaining shallow water, and no further fertilization was required. The application results are shown in Table 1.

[0070] Table 1

[0071] <![CDATA[Grain yield (g / hm 2 )]]> <![CDATA[Straw yield (g / hm 2 )]]> Example 1 12126 4689 Example 2 12307 4723 Comparative Example 1 10254 4326 Comparative Example 2 9852 4215 Comparative Example 3 10025 4366 Comparative Example 4 10532 4378 Comparative Example 5 9978 4320

[0072] The nutrient recovery rates of plants treated with different fertilizers are shown in Table 2.

[0073] Table 2

[0074]

[0075] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound fertilizer specifically for rice cultivation, characterized in that, Including the following parts by weight of raw materials: 50-60 parts animal manure, 10-20 parts plant straw, 5-15 parts sawdust, 1-3 parts quicklime, 8-15 parts sulfur-coated urea, 5-8 parts diammonium phosphate, 4-7 parts potassium sulfate, 2-4 parts compound fermentation bacteria, 0.1-0.5 parts cellulase, 2-3 parts dicalcium phosphate, 1-2 parts zinc sulfate, 1-3 parts borax, 1-10 parts bentonite, and 2-5 parts compound microbial agent.

2. The compound fertilizer for rice cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The animal excrement is at least one of cow dung, pig dung, chicken dung, and sheep dung.

3. The compound fertilizer for rice cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant straw is at least one of rice straw and wheat straw.

4. The compound fertilizer for rice cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound fermentation bacteria comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.3-0.5 parts yeast, 0.2-0.4 parts lactic acid bacteria, and 0.3-0.5 parts actinomycetes.

5. The compound fertilizer for rice cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2-0.5 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 0.1-0.7 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and 0.2-0.8 parts of Trichoderma harzianum.

6. The compound fertilizer for rice cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the sulfur-coated urea includes the following steps: Take large urea particles with a particle size of 2.5-3.5mm and place them in a coating machine, preheating them to 60-70℃; then spray molten sulfur through atomization at a pressure of 0.5-0.7MPa. After spraying, pass in cold air at 20-30℃ for 10-15 minutes to cool and solidify the sulfur layer; then spray molten microcrystalline wax and diatomaceous earth at 85-90℃, cool it a second time to 35℃, and discharge it. After maturing for 30-40 hours, sulfur-coated urea is obtained.

7. The compound fertilizer for rice cultivation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the large-particle urea, sulfur, microcrystalline wax, and diatomaceous earth is 90-100:30-35:1.4-1.5:0.7-1.

8. The method for preparing the rice-specific compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Mix animal manure, plant straw and sawdust, adjust the moisture content to 50-55%, add quicklime, cellulase and compound fermentation bacteria, mix evenly and stack, cover with a breathable membrane for fermentation, and obtain fermented manure; (2) Mix fermented manure with sulfur-coated urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, compound fermentation bacteria, dicalcium phosphate, zinc sulfate, borax and bentonite, spray in an appropriate amount of water to granulate, and obtain granular mixed fertilizer. (3) Dry the granular mixed fertilizer at low temperature until the moisture content is ≤12%, then spray the compound microbial agent at room temperature and mix evenly to obtain a compound fertilizer for rice planting.

9. The method for preparing the rice-specific compound fertilizer according to claim 8, characterized in that, The specific method of fermentation in step (1) is as follows: Days 1-3: When the temperature rises to 60-65℃, turn the toss once a day; Days 4-14: Maintain temperature at 60-70℃, turn over once every 2 days; Days 15-29: Temperature drops to 40-50℃, turn the mixture over once every 5 days; Day 30: Spread out and let it age for 10-15 days until the moisture content reaches 25-30%, then sieve it through a 2mm screen to obtain well-rotted manure.

10. The method for preparing the rice-specific compound fertilizer according to claim 8, characterized in that, The temperature for low-temperature drying in step (3) is 25-65℃.

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