Organic liquid fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural organic fertilizers, and discloses an organic liquid fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, the organic liquid fertilizer is prepared from the following raw material components by mass: 40-50% of sunflower rhizome particles, 15-20% of seaweed segments, 10-15% of soybean cake particles, 5-8% of a composite microbial agent, 3-5% of an organic acid, 2-3% of a chelated trace element solution, and 0.1-0.3% of xanthan gum. Compared with a traditional organic fertilizer, the organic liquid fertilizer integrating the sunflower rhizomes, the seaweed sections and the compound microbial agent is short in fermentation period, contains a proper salt-resistant component, and effectively solves the problems that a traditional straw compost is long in fermentation period, and a conventional liquid fertilizer lacks the targeted salt-resistant component; the efficient restoration of the salinized soil and the improvement of crop activity can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural organic fertilizer technology, specifically to an organic liquid fertilizer and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the improvement of saline soils mainly relies on chemical amendments or ordinary organic fertilizers. However, traditional straw composting has a long fermentation cycle (up to 3-6 months), and the imbalance of carbon and nitrogen ratio leads to slow nutrient release. Meanwhile, conventional liquid fertilizers lack targeted salt-resistant components and have insufficient salt regulation, which may aggravate salinization with long-term application.

[0003] Therefore, this invention provides an organic liquid fertilizer that integrates sunflower roots and stems, seaweed segments, and compound microbial agents. It has a short fermentation cycle, contains targeted salt-resistant components, and can achieve efficient restoration of saline soil (equivalent to saline-alkali land) and enhance crop activity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide an organic liquid fertilizer and its preparation method to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] An organic liquid fertilizer is prepared from the following raw material components in the indicated weight percentages: 40%–50% sunflower root and stem granules, 15%–20% seaweed segments, 10%–15% soybean cake granules, 5%–8% compound microbial inoculant, 3%–5% organic acid, 2%–3% chelated trace element solution, and 0.1%–0.3% xanthan gum.

[0007] Furthermore, based on the above-mentioned organic liquid fertilizer raw material components, the preparation method of the organic liquid fertilizer includes the following steps:

[0008] Step 1, Pretreatment: Collect, wash and dry sunflower roots and stems, dry them at 120℃ for 3 hours, then crush them to 0.5-1cm to obtain sunflower root and stem granules; then mix the obtained sunflower root and stem granules with seaweed segments and soybean cake granules evenly to obtain mixed granular raw materials, and spray with 1% sulfur powder and let stand for 24 hours to reduce the amount of sodium ion adsorption in the roots and stems, so as to reduce the soil electrical conductivity (EC value) by 15-20%;

[0009] Step 2, aerobic fermentation: Inoculate the mixed granular raw materials that have been left to stand in Step 1 with compound microbial agents, and aerate and ferment at 35-40℃ for 7 days, turning the pile once a day and maintaining the temperature above 55℃ in order to decompose lignin and generate organic acids.

[0010] Step 3, Anaerobic fermentation: The mixed granular raw materials from the aerobic fermentation in Step 2 are submerged in water, sealed, and left to stand for 10 days to promote the accumulation of microbial metabolites (such as ACC deaminase) and enhance salt stress resistance; thus obtaining the fermentation raw materials.

[0011] Step 4, Post-processing: Filter the fermentation raw materials obtained in Step 3 to remove residue and obtain fermentation liquid; first, add organic acid to the fermentation liquid, stir and let stand for 30 minutes, adjust the pH to 6.0-6.5 to neutralize soil alkalinity and chelate sodium ions; then add chelated trace element solution to the fermentation liquid in steps, and continue stirring for 20-30 minutes, and let stand for 1 hour; then slowly add xanthan gum to the fermentation liquid, and stir for more than 30 minutes until the viscosity reaches 50-200 mPa·s, to obtain organic liquid fertilizer containing sunflower root and stem components, which is then bottled and stored to prevent stratification and prolong the fertilizer effect period.

[0012] Preferably, the seaweed segments in step one are cut into 2-3 cm pieces and dried until the moisture content is less than or equal to 15%.

[0013] Preferably, the seaweed segment is selected from either green algae or brown algae.

[0014] Preferably, the chelated trace element solution is a chelated trace element solution containing trace elements Fe, B and Zn, which can improve the utilization rate of trace elements by 30% to 50% and reduce the risk of precipitation.

[0015] Preferably, the compound microbial agent is selected from two or more of Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, and Bacillus mucilaginosus. For example, the existing "Haiwofeng" compound Bacillus product can be used, whose components are Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (photosynthetic bacteria can be added custom-made), with a viable count ≥100 billion / g. Its optimal composting temperature is 55-65℃. Through the synergistic effect of thermostable Bacillus, composting efficiency and quality can be significantly improved. Furthermore, it exhibits strong salt tolerance, reducing fertilizer usage by 30%-50%. It is suitable for agricultural greenhouses and saline-alkali land remediation, enhancing soil fertility through nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and potassium solubilization. Alternatively, it can be replaced with the existing "Tiankang" compound biological agent, whose components include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and photosynthetic bacteria (effective viable count ≥ 200 million / ml). Its optimal composting temperature is 50-60℃. Through the synergistic effect of thermostable Bacillus, it can significantly improve composting efficiency and quality.

[0016] Preferably, the organic acid is a finished organic acid product prepared by compounding humic acid and citric acid in a 2:1 ratio.

[0017] Preferably, the soybean cake granules are finished soybean cake granules with a protein content of at least 18%.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Compared with traditional organic fertilizers, the organic liquid fertilizer integrating sunflower roots and stems, seaweed segments, and compound microbial agents has a shorter fermentation cycle and contains specific salt-resistant components, effectively solving the problems of long fermentation cycles in traditional straw compost and the lack of specific salt-resistant components in conventional liquid fertilizers. It can achieve efficient restoration of saline-alkali soil (equivalent to saline-alkali land) and enhance crop activity. Furthermore, this organic liquid fertilizer, with sunflower roots and stems as the main carbon source, is rich in organic matter and nutrients required for crop growth. It not only provides the nutrients needed for crop growth and improves the soil, but also improves crop quality, increases crop yield, promotes high and stable crop yields, and maintains soil fertility. Specifically:

[0019] (1) This invention uses sunflower root and stem particles as the core carbon source, combined with seaweed segments and soybean cake particles to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, thereby improving the lignin degradation efficiency and reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer by 30%. The lignin-derived small molecules can stimulate the indigenous microorganisms in saline-alkali soil, enhance their ability to degrade organic matter such as straw, promote the formation of mineral-bound organic matter, and improve soil fertility.

[0020] (2) The present invention uses a combination of compound microbial agents (Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus spp. / Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus spp. + photosynthetic bacteria) and dynamic aeration, which can shorten the total fermentation cycle to 17 days, effectively solving the problem of long fermentation cycle of traditional straw compost and reducing energy consumption by 50%.

[0021] (3) The present invention adds a chelated trace element solution containing Fe, B and Zn to supplement Fe, B and Zn which are easily lacking in saline-alkali soil in the form of chelated state (such as EDTA-Fe). By competitive adsorption, the fixation of trace elements by salt is reduced, which can prevent crop nutrient deficiency (such as yellow leaf disease and flowering without fruiting), enhance photosynthesis (Fe promotes chlorophyll synthesis) and stress resistance (B strengthens cell wall);

[0022] (4) In this invention, humic acid and citric acid are added in a 2:1 ratio. Through the chelation of sodium ions in saline-alkali soil by carboxyl groups (-COOH) and hydroxyl groups (-OH), the exchangeable sodium (ESP) and electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil are reduced, which can neutralize the soil alkalinity, adjust the pH to 6.0-6.5, enhance microbial activity, phosphate, and increase the available phosphorus content of the soil by 10-1000 times. In addition, the use of compound organic acids can avoid inhibiting microbial activity and has a better slow-release effect.

[0023] (5) In this invention, xanthan gum is added to form a three-dimensional network structure through high molecular polysaccharide chains, which encapsulates nutrient particles and increases the viscosity of the liquid (50-500 mPa·s) to prevent stratification;

[0024] (6) Sunflower roots and stems contain lignin and saponins. Lignin, as a natural polymer, and saponins, as natural surfactants, can reduce the surface tension between soil particles, promote the formation of soil micro-aggregates, and increase porosity (lignin increases porosity by more than 40%, and saponins by more than 30%), thus alleviating the problem of soil compaction in saline-alkali soils. The adsorption properties of lignin can fix salt ions (such as Na+). + This reduces salt accumulation on the surface and lowers soil EC values; saponins (such as sunflower saponins A, B, and C) can react with sodium ions (Na+) in the soil. + The combination of these components forms a stable chelate, which reduces the content of exchangeable sodium (ESP) in the soil, alleviates salinization (reduces salt accumulation on the surface), and lowers the soil EC value. This effectively solves the problem of conventional liquid fertilizers lacking targeted salt-resistant components, which can improve soil structure, enhance soil aggregate structure, and increase salt suppression effect. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] In this implementation, it should be noted that the experimental field was selected as saline farmland (salt content 0.4%), the planted crop was corn, the organic fertilizer containing sunflower root and stem components of this invention was used as the experimental group, the traditional straw compost was used as the control group 1, and the conventional liquid fertilizer was used as the control group 2.

[0027] Example 1: Experimental Group (Salt-Tolerant Organic Liquid Fertilizer)

[0028] This embodiment describes an organic liquid fertilizer prepared from the following raw material components by mass percentage: 40%–50% sunflower root and stem granules, 15%–20% seaweed segments, 10%–15% soybean cake granules, 5%–8% compound microbial agent, 3%–5% organic acid, 2%–3% chelated trace element solution, and 0.1%–0.3% xanthan gum.

[0029] Based on the above proportions of various raw material components, an organic liquid fertilizer weighing 100 kg was prepared, comprising the following raw materials by mass percentage: 45% sunflower root and stem granules, 18% seaweed segments (brown algae segments with ≥8% algal polysaccharides), 12% soybean cake granules (protein ≥18%), 6% compound microbial agent (using "Haiwofeng" compound Bacillus: Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus colloidus + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), 4% organic acid (humic acid-citric acid compound solution 2:1), 2.5% chelated trace element solution (containing EDTA chelates of Fe, B and Zn), and 0.2% xanthan gum;

[0030] Based on this raw material ratio, the preparation method of organic liquid fertilizer is as follows:

[0031] Step 1, Pretreatment: Collect, wash and dry sunflower roots and stems, dry them at 120℃ for 3 hours, then crush them to 0.5-1cm to obtain sunflower root and stem granules; then mix the obtained sunflower root and stem granules with seaweed segments and soybean cake granules evenly to obtain mixed granular raw materials, and spray with 1% sulfur powder and let stand for 24 hours to reduce the amount of sodium ion adsorption in the roots and stems, so as to reduce the soil electrical conductivity (EC value) by 15-20%;

[0032] Step 2, aerobic fermentation: Inoculate the mixed granular raw materials that have been left to stand in Step 1 with compound microbial agents, and aerate and ferment at 38℃ for 7 days, turning the pile once a day and maintaining the temperature above 55℃ in order to decompose lignin and generate organic acids.

[0033] Step 3, Anaerobic fermentation: Submerge the mixed granular raw materials from the aerobic fermentation in Step 2 in water, seal and let stand for 10 days to promote the accumulation of microbial metabolites (such as ACC deaminase) and enhance salt stress resistance; thus obtaining the fermentation raw material;

[0034] Step 4, Post-processing: ① Filtration: Filter the fermentation raw materials obtained in Step 3 to remove residue and obtain fermentation broth; ② Organic acid addition stage: First, add organic acid to the fermentation broth (it needs to be pre-dissolved in 40-50℃ warm water to accelerate the dissociation of organic acid and avoid viscous clumping at low temperatures or volatilization failure due to high temperatures above 60℃; when adding to the fermentation broth, the system temperature should be controlled at 30-40℃, this range can maintain the activity of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and prevent premature complexation of organic acid with metal ions), stir immediately for 10-15 minutes until completely dissolved, and let stand for 30 minutes to adjust the pH to 6.3 to avoid subsequent precipitation of trace elements; ③ Then, add chelated trace element solution dropwise to the fermentation broth (it needs to be pre-dissolved in 50℃ warm water to prevent oxidation of metal ions due to low temperature crystallization or high temperatures above 40℃, such as Fe). 2+ →Fe 3+Add the fermentation broth when the temperature of the organic acid system drops below 40°C (to avoid accelerated oxidation or destruction of the chelated structure due to high temperature), and continue stirring.

[0035] 20-30 min, to prevent local high concentration from causing precipitation, mix evenly and let stand for 1 hour to ensure the chelation reaction is fully completed; ④ Slowly add xanthan gum to the fermentation liquid (it needs to be pre-dissolved in 60℃ hot water, and stirred at high speed for 15-20 minutes until it becomes a transparent colloid, and added to the fermentation liquid when cooled to ≤50℃ to prevent high temperature above 60℃ from destroying its three-dimensional network structure and causing a decrease in suspension stability), and stir for more than 30 min until the viscosity reaches 150 mPa·s, to obtain organic liquid fertilizer containing sunflower root and stem components, bottle and store to prevent stratification and extend the fertilizer effect period.

[0036] In a saline-alkali experimental field (salt content 0.4%), maize crops were planted, and the organic liquid fertilizer prepared in Example 1 was applied. The application effect is shown in the table below (Experimental data comparison table 1):

[0037] index Before improvement Improved Increase ↑ / Decrease ↓ Soil electrical conductivity (μS / cm) 2970 1530 ↓48.5％ Organic matter (g / kg) 7.76 14.3 ↑84.3％ Available potassium (mg / kg) 185.7 320.5 ↑72.6％ Corn yield (kg / mu) 420 551 ↑31.2％ Root biomass (g / plant) 12.3 17.8 ↑44.7％

[0038] According to Table 1, the salt tolerance mechanism is: brown algae polysaccharides adsorb Na+. + and replace Ca 2+ Bacillus subtilis secretes EPS to solidify bases; humic acid-citric acid activates calcium salts to replace sodium ions; lignin adsorbs and fixes salt ions (such as Na+). + This reduces salt accumulation on the surface and lowers soil EC values; saponins (such as sunflower saponins A, B, and C) react with sodium ions (Na+) in the soil. + They combine to form stable chelates, reducing the content of exchangeable sodium (ESP) in the soil.

[0039] Example 2, Control Group 1 (Traditional Straw Composting)

[0040] Traditional straw compost, by weight percentage, includes the following raw material components: 60% corn straw, 30% cow manure, and 10% gypsum (C / N = 30:1);

[0041] Based on this raw material ratio, the traditional method for preparing straw compost is as follows: natural composting for 35 days, with turning the compost every 15 days.

[0042] In a saline-alkali experimental field (salt content 0.4%), maize crops were planted, and the organic fertilizer prepared in Example 2 was used for fertilization. The application effect is shown in the table below (Experimental data comparison table 2):

[0043] index Before improvement Improved Increase ↑ / Decrease ↓ Soil electrical conductivity (μS / cm) 2970 2650 ↓10.8％ Organic matter (g / kg) 7.76 10.2 ↑31.4％ Available potassium (mg / kg) 185.7 240.8 ↑29.7％ Corn yield (kg / mu) 420 460 ↑9.5％ Root biomass (g / plant) 12.3 13.1 ↑6.5％

[0044] According to the experimental data comparison table 2, traditional straw compost has a long fermentation cycle (35 days), slow nutrient release, and an imbalance in the carbon-nitrogen ratio; it also has weak salt regulation and lacks targeted salt-resistant components.

[0045] Example 3, Control Group 2 (Conventional Liquid Fertilizer)

[0046] Conventional liquid fertilizer, by mass percentage, includes the following raw material components: chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P, K are 15% + 15% + 15%) 30%, humic acid 2%, and water 68%;

[0047] Based on this raw material ratio, the conventional method for preparing liquid fertilizer is: direct mixing and stirring, without a fermentation process.

[0048] In a saline-alkali experimental field (salt content 0.4%), maize crops were planted, and the organic fertilizer prepared in Example 3 was applied. The application effect is shown in the table below (Experimental data comparison table 3):

[0049] index Before improvement Improved Increase ↑ / Decrease ↓ Soil electrical conductivity (μS / cm) 2970 3120 ↓5.1％ Organic matter (g / kg) 7.76 8.2 ↑5.7％ Available potassium (mg / kg) 185.7 210.5 ↑13.4％ Corn yield (kg / mu) 420 485 ↑15.5％ Root biomass (g / plant) 12.3 13.5 ↑9.8％

[0050] According to the experimental data comparison table 3, conventional liquid fertilizers accumulate salts, and chemical salts increase electrical conductivity; the lack of microbial synergy fails to activate the soil's self-repair ability.

[0051] Example 4: Comprehensive Comparison and Analysis

[0052] The experimental data of the control group in Example 1 were compared with the experimental data of control group 1 in Example 2 and control group 2 in Example 3, respectively, to obtain a comprehensive comparative experimental data table, as shown below:

[0053] index Reference group Control group 1 Control group 2 Fermentation cycle (days) 17 35 - Salt content reduction (%) -48.5 -10.8 -5.1 Increased fast-acting nutrients (%) 72-84 29-31 5-13 Crop yield increase (%) 31.2 9.5 15.5 Microbial activity (enzyme activity increased) SOD↑79% SOD↑12% -

[0054] According to the comprehensive comparative experimental data table:

[0055] ① Rapid fermentation technology: The organic liquid fertilizer of the present invention in Example 1 adopts staged fermentation (aerobic + anaerobic), shortening the fermentation cycle to 17 days, which is 5 times more efficient than the traditional composting in Example 2;

[0056] ②The organic liquid fertilizer of the present invention in Example 1 combines algal polysaccharides with humic acid, and synergistically uses lignin-saponins to adsorb and fix salt ions, reducing salt surface aggregation, lowering soil EC value, reducing soil exchangeable sodium (ESP) content, and reducing Na + / Ca 2+ The ratio decreased from 3.2 to 1.5.

[0057] ③ Nutrient slow release: Xanthan gum colloidal network prolongs fertilizer effect to 60 days and reduces nutrient loss rate by 40%.

[0058] Conclusion: The organic liquid fertilizer of the present invention described in Example 1 exhibits significant advantages in the improvement of saline-alkali soils through its targeted application of salt-resistant components (algal polysaccharides, microbial EPS) and rapid fermentation process.

[0059] ① Its salt regulation capacity is 4.5 times that of traditional compost and 9.5 times that of conventional liquid fertilizer;

[0060] ②Enhanced microbial diversity and activated soil enzyme activity;

[0061] ③ Compared with traditional composting, it significantly shortens the fermentation cycle and reduces the energy consumption of turning the compost.

[0062] The organic liquid fertilizer of this invention uses agricultural waste such as sunflower root and stem granules, seaweed segments, and soybean cake granules as main raw materials. It is prepared through a compound microbial fermentation process and features slow release, disease resistance, and high nutrient utilization.

[0063] (1) Improvement of saline-alkali land: Humic acid-citric acid compound reduces soil exchangeable sodium (ESP) by 15%-20% and electrical conductivity (EC) by 30%;

[0064] (2) Improved fertilizer efficiency: The compound microbial agent shortens the fermentation cycle to 17 days, increases the suspension stability of liquid fertilizer by 80%, and extends the fertilizer effect period to 6 months;

[0065] (3) Crop stress resistance: Seaweed extract increases the K+ / Na+ absorption ratio of crops by 2 times and reduces the incidence of sclerotinia disease by 50%.

[0066] Obviously, the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention have been described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An organic liquid fertilizer, characterized in that, It is prepared from the following raw material components in the indicated weight percentages: sunflower root and stem granules 40%–50%, seaweed segments 15%–20%, soybean cake granules 10%–15%, compound microbial agent 5%–8%, organic acid 3%–5%, chelated trace element solution 2%–3%, and xanthan gum 0.1%–0.3%.

2. The organic liquid fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the organic liquid fertilizer includes the following steps: Step 1, Pretreatment: Collect, wash and dry sunflower roots and stems, dry them at 120℃ for 3 hours, then crush them to 0.5-1cm to obtain sunflower root and stem granules; then mix the obtained sunflower root and stem granules with seaweed segments and soybean cake granules evenly to obtain mixed granular raw materials, and spray with 1% sulfur powder and let stand for 24 hours. Step 2, aerobic fermentation: Inoculate the mixed granular raw materials that have been left to stand in Step 1 with compound microbial agents, and aerate and ferment at 35-40℃ for 7 days, turning the pile once a day and maintaining the temperature above 55℃. Step 3, Anaerobic fermentation: The mixed granular raw materials that have been aerobic fermented in Step 2 are submerged in water, sealed and left to stand for 10 days to obtain fermented raw materials; Step 4, Post-processing: Filter the fermentation raw materials obtained in Step 3 to remove residue and obtain fermentation broth; first, add organic acid to the fermentation broth, stir and let stand for 30 minutes, and adjust the pH to 6.0-6.5; then add chelated trace element solution to the fermentation broth in steps, and continue stirring for 20-30 minutes, and let stand for 1 hour; then slowly add xanthan gum to the fermentation broth, and stir for more than 30 minutes until the viscosity reaches 50-200 mPa·s, to obtain organic liquid fertilizer containing sunflower root and stem components, which is then bottled and stored.

3. An organic liquid fertilizer containing bioactive components as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step one, the seaweed segments are cut into 2-3 cm pieces and dried until the moisture content is less than or equal to 15%.

4. An organic liquid fertilizer according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that, The seaweed segment can be made from either green or brown algae.

5. An organic liquid fertilizer according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that, The chelated trace element solution is selected from chelated trace element solutions containing trace elements Fe, B and Zn.

6. An organic liquid fertilizer according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that, The compound microbial agent is selected from two or more of Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and Bacillus mucilaginosus.

7. An organic liquid fertilizer according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that, The organic acid is a finished product prepared by compounding humic acid and citric acid in a 2:1 ratio.

8. An organic liquid fertilizer according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that, The soybean cake granules are selected from finished soybean cake granules with a protein content of at least 18%.