Biomass waste gasification device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass waste gasification device and method. A device body comprises a pyrolysis chamber, a gasification chamber, a combustion chamber, a reduction chamber, a deslagging device and a gasified gas waste heat recovery unit which are sequentially connected. The pyrolysis chamber comprises a feeding hole, a shell, an interlayer, a disc heating device and a driving motor; the reduction chamber is provided with a fire grate and a gasifier gas outlet; the slag discharging device comprises a slag discharging auger, an ash slag box and a slag discharging motor; and the gasified gas waste heat recovery unit comprises a gasified gas fan and a gasified gas conveying pipeline. When the gasification device is used for biomass waste treatment, materials are heated by gasified gas in the pyrolysis chamber, waste heat recovery and preheating treatment are achieved, the heating uniformity is improved through the disc heating device, heat loss is effectively reduced, in addition, a gasification agent CO2 is sprayed through the gasification chamber nozzle, a biomass waste particle turbulent flow area is formed, and the biomass waste particle turbulent flow area is formed. The material retention time is effectively prolonged, the collision contact of gas-solid components is strengthened, and the material conversion efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biomass waste gasification treatment, and particularly to a biomass waste gasification device and method. Background Technology

[0002] How to efficiently utilize biomass waste resources is a research hotspot in the energy and environment fields, and it is of great significance to promoting green and low-carbon development. However, due to the diverse types, low calorific value, and poor thermal conductivity of biomass waste, it requires more efficient technical equipment for disposal. This invention provides a biomass waste gasification device and method with high thermal conductivity and efficient recovery of syngas waste heat. After processing by this technology, high-quality green hydrogen can be obtained, along with by-products such as charcoal and fertilizer, while reducing waste.

[0003] Currently, Chinese invention patent number 201911152169.8 provides a closed-type downdraft gasifier. Fuel is discharged into the furnace body through the top hopper via a gas lock discharge valve. A hydraulic lift drives the spreading shaft, which in turn drives the spreading scraper to flatten the fuel. A spreading reducer adjusts the speed of the hydraulic lift. After a series of reactions such as drying, pyrolysis, and reduction in the furnace, the combustible gas produced enters the gas chamber through the pores on the grate. Finally, the gas is sent to the purification equipment or gas terminal through the gas pipe. The gasified fuel has now become ash. Since the grate with pores is tower-shaped, the ash falls into the cone along the grate. The ash is sent to the ash discharge gas lock to be discharged outside the furnace by the ash discharge conveyor. A blower delivers air into the furnace body through the air inlet pipe, squeezing the combustible gas out of the furnace body. Chinese invention patent No. 202311207979.5 provides a biomass gasification furnace and a process for processing biomass raw materials. The gasification furnace has an on-grate design with the inlets for the solid and gas components located at opposite ends. The solid component is fed into the gasification furnace from the top and forms a stable carbon layer on the grate. The gas component is introduced from the bottom of the gasification furnace and undergoes a strong oxidation reaction with the gasification medium at high temperature. The gas then flows upward and reacts further with the carbon layer to remove tar.

[0004] For biomass waste, existing gasification technologies and equipment have not yet comprehensively solved problems such as poor thermal conductivity, poor reaction temperature uniformity, and cumbersome utilization of waste heat from gasification gas. This greatly reduces the utilization rate of biomass waste and results in low-quality syngas. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem of uneven heating caused by the low thermal conductivity of biomass waste during pyrolysis, which leads to low utilization rate. This invention proposes a biomass waste gasification device and method to improve the temperature uniformity and energy utilization efficiency of biomass waste during the feeding stage, and to efficiently recover the waste heat from the gasification products.

[0006] To address the above problems, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: On one hand, the present invention provides a biomass waste gasification device, characterized in that it includes a pyrolysis chamber, a gasification chamber, a combustion chamber, a reduction chamber, a slag discharge device, and a gasification gas waste heat recovery unit connected in sequence; The pyrolysis chamber includes a feed inlet, a shell, a jacket, a disc heating device, and a drive motor. The disc heating device includes a lifting plate, a propulsion plate, an auger-type reverse thrust device, a hollow shaft, and a hollow disc. The hollow disc is welded to the hollow shaft and is internally interconnected for the flow of gasified gas. The lifting plate is welded along both sides of the hollow disc, and the propulsion plate is arranged along the circumferential sidewall of the hollow disc. The hollow shaft is equipped with dynamic sealing mechanisms at both ends, one end of which is a gasified gas inlet connected to a gasified gas conveying pipeline, and the other end is a gasified gas outlet. The jacket has a jacket inlet and a jacket outlet, and the jacket outlet is connected to the hollow shaft through a pipeline. The vaporization chamber is equipped with at least one vaporizing agent nozzle; The combustion chamber is equipped with at least one air nozzle; The reduction chamber is equipped with a grate and a gas outlet for the gasifier. The slag discharge device includes a slag discharge auger, an ash box, and a slag discharge motor; The gasification gas waste heat recovery unit includes a gasification gas blower and a gasification gas conveying pipeline. The gasification gas conveying pipeline has two outlets, one of which is connected to the gasification gas inlet of the hollow shaft, and the other is connected to the interlayer inlet of the interlayer.

[0007] Furthermore, the disc feeding device is made of stainless steel or carbon steel, and the shell has a multi-layer structure, with the inner layer being a ceramic fiber module, a nanoporous heat insulation board, or a composite silicate material, and the outer layer being stainless steel or carbon steel.

[0008] Furthermore, the drive motor adopts frequency conversion operation to control the rotation speed of the disc heating device to be between 2 and 20 revolutions per minute.

[0009] Furthermore, the spacing between the hollow discs is 20-50cm; the pitch of the auger-type reverse thrust device is 15-25cm.

[0010] Furthermore, the lifting plate has a width of 2-4cm, a thickness of 1-5mm, a bending angle of 60-80°, and a starting point 60-90mm from the center of the disc.

[0011] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for gasifying biomass waste, characterized by the following steps: Step 1, biomass waste enters the pyrolysis chamber through the feed inlet, absorbs heat during the conveying process of the disc heating device, and undergoes drying and pyrolysis reactions; Step 2, after the pyrolysis products enter the gasification chamber, they undergo a gasification reaction with CO2 gas injected through the gasifying agent nozzle; Step 3, the gasification products undergo a partial oxidation reaction with air supplied through the air nozzle in the combustion chamber, releasing a large amount of heat; Step 4, the unreacted biochar forms a carbon layer on the grate of the reduction chamber, and undergoes a reduction reaction with CO2 and H2O in the gas products to generate gasified gas mainly composed of CO and H2; Step 5, the generated gasified gas is sent to the jacket of the pyrolysis chamber and the disc heating device through the gasified gas blower and the gasified gas conveying pipeline, transferring heat to the biomass waste and realizing the recovery and utilization of waste heat.

[0012] Furthermore, the biomass waste includes at least one of crop straw, livestock and poultry manure, fruit and vegetable waste, or agricultural film.

[0013] Furthermore, the heat source for the drying pyrolysis in step 1 is the waste heat of the high-temperature gasification gas generated in the reduction chamber.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a biomass waste gasification device and method, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) By taking advantage of the gas-solid turbulence characteristics and the waste heat recovery of high-temperature gasification gas, the heating of biomass waste is made uniform, which solves the problem of uneven heating of biomass waste in the device and greatly improves the utilization rate. (2) The pyrolysis chamber of the device makes full use of the waste heat of the high-temperature gasification gas, which greatly reduces heat loss. At the same time, CO2 gas is used as a gasification agent in the gasification chamber to reduce carbon emissions and improve energy utilization efficiency. (3) The device of the present invention also has the function of producing by-products such as charcoal and fertilizer, thereby improving economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a biomass waste gasification device according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a detailed drawing of the disc heating device in a biomass waste gasification apparatus according to the present invention; The diagram shows: 1. Pyrolysis chamber; 2. Gasification chamber; 3. Combustion chamber; 4. Reduction chamber; 5. Slag discharge device; 6. Gasification gas waste heat recovery unit; 7. Feed inlet; 8. Shell; 9. Jacket; 10. Disc heating device; 11. Drive motor; 12. Lifting plate; 13. Propeller plate; 14. Screw-type reverse thrust device; 15. Hollow shaft; 16. Hollow disc; 17. Gasification gas inlet; 18. Gasification gas outlet; 19. Gasifying agent nozzle; 20. Air nozzle; 21. Grate; 22. Gasifier gas outlet; 23. Slag discharge auger; 24. Ash box; 25. Slag discharge motor; 26. Gasification gas blower; 27. Gasification gas conveying pipeline; 28. Jacket air inlet; 29. ​​Jacket air outlet; 30. Dynamic sealing mechanism. Specific Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0017] like Figure 1 As shown, a biomass waste gasification device is characterized by comprising a pyrolysis chamber, a gasification chamber, a combustion chamber, a reduction chamber, a slag discharge device, and a gasification gas waste heat recovery unit connected in sequence; the pyrolysis chamber includes a feed inlet, a shell, a jacket, a disc heating device, and a drive motor; the disc heating device includes a lifting plate, a propulsion plate, an auger-type reverse thrust device, a hollow shaft, and a hollow disc; the hollow disc is welded to the hollow shaft and is internally interconnected for gasification gas flow; the lifting plate is welded along both sides of the hollow disc, and the propulsion plate is arranged along the circumferential sidewall of the hollow disc; the hollow shaft is provided with dynamic sealing mechanisms at both ends, one end of which is... The gasification gas inlet is connected to the gasification gas conveying pipeline, and the other end is the gasification gas outlet; the interlayer is provided with an interlayer gas inlet and an interlayer gas outlet, and the interlayer gas outlet is connected to the hollow shaft through a pipeline; the gasification chamber is provided with at least one gasifying agent nozzle; the combustion chamber is provided with at least one air nozzle; the reduction chamber is provided with a grate and a gasification furnace gas outlet; the slag discharge device includes a slag discharge auger, an ash box, and a slag discharge motor; the gasification gas waste heat recovery unit includes a gasification gas blower and a gasification gas conveying pipeline, and the gasification gas conveying pipeline has two outlets, one of which is connected to the gasification gas inlet of the hollow shaft, and the other is connected to the interlayer gas inlet of the interlayer.

[0018] When the gasification unit gasifies biomass waste, the biomass waste enters the pyrolysis chamber through the feed inlet. During the conveying process by the disc heating device, it absorbs heat and undergoes drying and pyrolysis reactions. After the pyrolysis products enter the gasification chamber, they react with CO2 gas injected through the gasifying agent nozzle. In the combustion chamber, the gasification products undergo partial oxidation with air supplied through the air nozzle, releasing a large amount of heat. The unreacted biochar forms a carbon layer on the grate in the reduction chamber, and reacts with CO2 and H2O in the gaseous products to generate gasified gas, which is mainly composed of CO and H2. The generated gasified gas is sent to the jacket of the pyrolysis chamber and the disc heating device through the gasified gas blower and gasified gas conveying pipeline, transferring heat to the biomass waste and realizing the recovery and utilization of waste heat. Example

[0019] As described in Example 1, a biomass waste gasification device is used for the treatment of corn stalks to improve temperature uniformity, increase energy utilization, and prevent uneven heating that could lead to a decline in product quality. The device has a multi-layered shell structure, with an inner layer of ceramic fiber modules and an outer layer of stainless steel. Its main body has an outer diameter of 300-500 mm, a wall thickness of 1-5 mm, and a total height of 1.5-2.4 m. The disc feeding device is made of stainless steel, with a main body length of 1-1.6 m, a main body diameter of 180-260 mm, and a disc width of 40-80 mm. The lifting plate has a width of 20-40 mm, a thickness of 1-5 mm, and a bending angle of 60-80°. The starting point is located at a distance from the center of the disc... The center position is 60~90mm, the push plate is rectangular in shape, the height is 15~25mm, the thickness is 20~30mm, the tilt angle is 20~35°, the shell and the disc feeding device are placed coaxially, the outer diameter is 230~300mm, the inner diameter is 210~290mm, the hollow discs (16) of the disc feeding device are spaced 200~500mm apart, the screw pitch of the auger type reverse thrust device (14) is 150~250mm, the thickness is 7~10mm, and the diameter is 160~240mm.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment: The shell of the biomass waste gasification device is made of 304 stainless steel, with an outer diameter of 400mm, a wall thickness of 4mm, and a total height of 2.1m.

[0021] The main body of the disc feeding device is 1.3m long, 220mm in diameter, and 50mm wide.

[0022] The lifting plate has a width of 20mm, a thickness of 3mm, a bending angle of 80°, and a starting point 70mm from the center of the disc.

[0023] The aforementioned push plate is rectangular in shape, with a height of 20mm, a thickness of 25mm, and an inclination angle of 30°.

[0024] The housing is coaxially placed with the disc feeding device, with an outer diameter of 290mm and an inner diameter of 280mm.

[0025] The auger-type reverse thrust device has an auger pitch of 180mm, a thickness of 7mm, and a diameter of 200mm.

[0026] The biomass waste gasification device is used for straw treatment in the following way: Corn stalks are fed into the pyrolysis chamber of the gasification unit through the inlet. A motor drives a rotating disc at 5 r / min, causing the fuel to dry and pyrolyze within the chamber. By the time the stalks enter the gasification chamber, their temperature has reached 700–800℃. The gasifying agent CO2 is sprayed through nozzles, creating turbulence with the corn stalks, effectively extending the material's residence time and enhancing the collision and contact between gas and solid components, thus improving material conversion efficiency. Subsequently, the product moves to the 1000–1100℃ combustion chamber, where it undergoes partial oxidation with air, releasing a large amount of heat. This process ensures that the corn stalks have efficient heat conduction in each zone, resulting in uniform temperature and significantly improved utilization. Example

[0027] Based on the biomass waste gasification device in Example 2, the device structure is the same as in Example 2. The material to be baked is rice husk, the motor rotation speed is 10 r / min, and the rice husk is dried and pyrolyzed under the rotation of the disc. In the whole reaction process, the rice husk is heated evenly, which improves the product quality and utilization rate.

[0028] The above embodiments illustrate and describe the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by equivalent substitution or other means fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] All parts not covered in this invention are the same as or can be implemented using existing technologies.

Claims

1. A biomass waste gasification device, characterized in that, It includes a pyrolysis chamber (1), a gasification chamber (2), a combustion chamber (3), a reduction chamber (4), a slag discharge device (5), and a gasification gas waste heat recovery unit (6) connected in sequence. The pyrolysis chamber (1) includes a feed inlet (7), a shell (8), a jacket (9), a disc heating device (10), and a drive motor (11). The disc heating device (10) includes a lifting plate (12), a propulsion plate (13), an auger-type reverse thrust device (14), a hollow shaft (15), and a hollow disc (16). The hollow disc (16) is welded to the hollow shaft (15) and is internally interconnected for the flow of gasified gas. The lifting plate (12) moves along the hollow disc (15). 6) The two sides of the surface are welded together. The push plate (13) is arranged along the circumferential sidewall of the hollow disk (16). The hollow shaft (15) is provided with dynamic sealing mechanism (30) at both ends. One end is a gasification gas inlet (17) connected to the gasification gas conveying pipeline (27), and the other end is a gasification gas outlet (18). The interlayer (9) is provided with interlayer gas inlet (28) and interlayer gas outlet (29). The interlayer gas outlet (29) is connected to the hollow shaft (15) through a pipeline. The vaporization chamber (2) is provided with at least one vaporizing agent nozzle (19). The combustion chamber (3) is provided with at least one air nozzle (20); The reduction chamber (4) is equipped with a grate (21) and a gas outlet (22) for the gasifier; The slag discharge device (5) includes a slag discharge auger (23), an ash box (24), and a slag discharge motor (25). The gasification gas waste heat recovery unit (6) includes a gasification gas blower (26) and a gasification gas conveying pipeline (27). The gasification gas conveying pipeline (27) has two outlets, one of which is connected to the gasification gas inlet (17) of the hollow shaft (15), and the other is connected to the interlayer inlet (28) of the interlayer (9).

2. The biomass waste gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The disc feeding device (8) is made of stainless steel or carbon steel, and the shell (7) is a multi-layer structure, with the inner layer being a ceramic fiber module, a nanoporous heat insulation board or a composite silicate material, and the outer layer being stainless steel or carbon steel.

3. The biomass waste gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive motor (11) adopts frequency conversion operation to control the rotation speed of the disc heating device (10) at 2~20 revolutions per minute.

4. The biomass waste gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between the hollow discs (16) is 200~500mm; the pitch of the auger-type reverse thrust device (14) is 150~250mm.

5. A biomass waste gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting plate (11) has a width of 2~4cm, a thickness of 1~5mm, a bending angle of 60~80°, and a starting point 60~90mm from the center of the disc.

6. A method for gasifying biomass waste according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step 1: Biomass waste enters the pyrolysis chamber (1) through the feed inlet (7), absorbs heat during the conveying process of the disc heating device (10), and undergoes drying and pyrolysis reactions; Step 2: After the pyrolysis products enter the gasification chamber (2), they undergo a gasification reaction with the CO2 gas injected through the gasifying agent nozzle (19); Step 3: The gasification products undergo a partial oxidation reaction with the air supplied through the air nozzle (20) in the combustion chamber (3), releasing a large amount of heat; Step 4: The unreacted biochar forms a carbon layer on the grate (21) of the reduction chamber (4), and reacts with CO2 and H2O in the gas products to generate gasified gas mainly composed of CO and H2. Step 5: The generated gasified gas is sent into the jacket (9) of the pyrolysis chamber (1) and the disc heating device (10) via the gasified gas blower (26) and the gasified gas conveying pipeline (27) to transfer heat to the biomass waste and realize the recovery and utilization of waste heat.

7. A method for gasifying biomass waste according to claim 5, characterized in that, The biomass waste includes at least one of crop straw, livestock and poultry manure, fruit and vegetable waste, or agricultural film.

8. A method for gasifying biomass waste according to claim 5, characterized in that, The heat source for the drying pyrolysis in step 1 is the residual heat of the high-temperature gasification gas generated in the reduction chamber (4).

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