A breakwater and methods of construction and use thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of breakwater, and relates to a breakwater and a construction method and a use method thereof. Each breakwater section of the breakwater comprises an upper platform, a floating box and a plurality of foundation piles. The upper platform is arranged on the plurality of foundation piles and is provided with a wave blocking plate on a wave-encountering side. The floating box is provided with a pile hole corresponding to each of the foundation piles, so that the floating box is sleeved on the foundation piles and can move up and down. The floating box is locked on the foundation piles or unlocked by a hydraulic locking device. One side of the floating box is attached to the wave blocking plate, and the top surface of the floating box is higher than the bottom surface of the wave blocking plate after the floating box is lowered to the bottom. The floating box has a plurality of hollow chambers. The side wall of each hollow chamber is provided with a communication pipe with an electric valve, and the bottom wall is provided with a water pipe connected with a water pump. The water pump is rotated in a forward direction or a reverse direction to introduce or discharge water into or out of the hollow chamber. In small waves, the floating box is locked on the foundation piles, and the wave blocking plate blocks the waves, so as to ensure the water exchange between the inside and outside of the harbor. In large waves, the floating box is lowered to the bottom and blocks the waves together with the wave blocking plate, so as to significantly improve the wave blocking effect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of breakwater, and particularly relates to a breakwater and a construction method and use method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, common forms of breakwater include slope type breakwater, vertical type breakwater, mixed type breakwater, permeable type breakwater, floating type breakwater, etc. Among them, the permeable type breakwater and the floating type breakwater are beneficial to the exchange of water bodies inside and outside the harbor, and are friendly to the ecological environment, and the use of sea is the permeable type of sea recommended for encouragement, which meets the requirements of marine ecological environment protection, so the construction of these two types of breakwater has been greatly promoted and developed in recent years.

[0003] However, the permeable type breakwater (as shown in Figure 1 ) and the floating type breakwater (as shown in Figure 2 ) still have the following shortcomings respectively:

[0004] (1) The permeable type breakwater has a large construction difficulty of the cantilever wave-retaining plate, and the cantilever length is limited; and in order to reduce wave transmission, block stones are often thrown and filled on the seabed to reduce the water passage section and improve the wave dissipation effect, but the ability of water exchange inside and outside the harbor is reduced, and the influence on the ecological environment is increased;

[0005] (2) The floating type breakwater has large wave transmission and poor wave dissipation effect, especially for long-period waves, and it is difficult to meet the high requirements of the project (such as a yacht marina) on wave stability conditions. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the related art, the present application provides a breakwater and a construction method and use method thereof to solve the deficiencies in the prior art.

[0007] The present application provides a breakwater, which comprises a plurality of breakwater segments connected in sequence along the length direction, each breakwater segment comprising:

[0008] a plurality of vertical base piles, the bottom of the base pile being fixed in the seabed, and the top surface of the base pile being higher than a preset extreme high water level;

[0009] an upper platform, the upper platform being arranged on the top surface of the plurality of base piles; a wave-retaining plate is arranged on the wave-approaching side of the upper platform, the top surface of the wave-retaining plate being connected with the bottom surface of the upper platform, and the bottom surface of the wave-retaining plate being lower than a preset extreme low water level;

[0010] The pontoon has multiple pile holes that correspond one-to-one with multiple foundation piles, allowing it to be fitted onto the piles and move up and down along them. At least two piles are equipped with hydraulic locking devices to lock the pontoon onto the piles or to unlock it. The side of the pontoon facing the wave baffle is in contact with the wave baffle. When the pontoon moves down to the bottom, its top surface is higher than the bottom surface of the wave baffle. The pontoon has multiple hollow chambers inside. Each hollow chamber has a connecting pipe that penetrates the side wall of the pontoon and is equipped with an electric valve. Each hollow chamber also has a water pipe that penetrates the bottom wall of the pontoon and is connected to a water pump. The water pump rotates forward or reverse to introduce or discharge water into or out of the hollow chamber through the water pipe.

[0011] In some embodiments, a support platform is provided on the lower part of the pontoon facing the wave deflector; when the pontoon is locked to the foundation pile, the top surface of the support platform is in contact with the bottom surface of the wave deflector, and at this time, a preset water passage height is left between the bottom surface of the pontoon and the seabed.

[0012] In some embodiments, the piles include at least two locking piles and multiple support piles, with a hydraulic locking device installed between the locking piles and the pontoon; each support pile has a pile cap at its head, the top surface of which is connected to the bottom surface of the upper platform; when the top surface of the support platform is in contact with the bottom surface of the wave baffle, the bottom surface of the pile cap is in contact with the top surface of the pontoon.

[0013] In some embodiments, the hydraulic locking device includes a clamp, a hydraulic locking pin, and a limiting short beam; wherein, the inner diameter of the clamp matches the outer diameter of the locking pile, and the clamp includes two clamp bodies that are mated together and connected by bolts to clamp the locking pile; the hydraulic locking pin includes a housing and a locking pin, and the locking pin is slidably connected to the housing to extend outside the housing or retract inside the housing; the housing and the limiting short beam are respectively connected to the outer walls of the two clamp bodies; the upper part of the pontoon pile hole corresponding to the locking pile is provided with an enlarged section, and a locking groove is recessed on the side wall of the enlarged section, the shape of which is adapted to the locking pin; when the pontoon is to be locked onto the foundation pile, the locking pin extends into the locking groove, and the bottom surfaces of the limiting short beam and the housing are both in contact with the bottom surface of the enlarged section; when the pontoon is to be unlocked, the locking pin retracts into the housing.

[0014] In some embodiments, a rubber pad is attached to the bottom surface of each cap.

[0015] In some embodiments, a preset gap is left between the side of the pontoon facing the wave-blocking plate and the wave-blocking plate, and a wear-resistant plate is protruding from the upper part of the side of the pontoon facing the wave-blocking plate. The wear-resistant plate is always in contact with the wave-blocking plate during the up-and-down movement of the pontoon.

[0016] The present invention also provides a construction method for the aforementioned breakwater, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1. Prefabricate pontoons and wave-breaking plates in the factory;

[0018] S2. Foundation pile construction: Float the pontoon to the construction location and place it in place; carry out foundation pile construction according to the pile hole positions on the pontoon.

[0019] S3. Construction of wave baffle: Close the electric valve on the connecting pipe, start the water pump to rotate forward or reverse to adjust the water volume in the hollow cavity so that the top surface of the pontoon reaches the preset elevation; install a hydraulic locking device between at least two foundation piles and the pontoon; place the wave baffle on the support platform of the pontoon.

[0020] S4. Construction of the upper platform: A full-span scaffold is erected on the floating box to support the bottom formwork of the upper platform. The upper platform and pile caps are formed by cast-in-place process, and the upper platform, pile caps, foundation piles and wave-breaking plates are connected as one unit to complete the construction of a section of the dike.

[0021] S5. Repeat steps S2 to S4 to complete the construction of multiple sequentially connected breakwater sections, thereby forming a breakwater.

[0022] In some embodiments, step S2 includes driving steel casings at each pile hole location of the pontoon; installing hydraulic locking devices between at least two steel casings and the pontoon; setting up a grouting pile construction device on the pontoon; and carrying out grouting pile construction inside the steel casings to form foundation piles.

[0023] In some embodiments, in step S3, a positioning platform is provided on the top surface of the support platform, and a positioning groove matching the positioning platform is provided on the bottom surface of the wave baffle to position the wave baffle on the support platform; a plurality of diagonal braces are detachably connected between the upper part of the wave baffle and the top surface of the pontoon, and tensioners are provided on the diagonal braces; after step S4 is completed, the diagonal braces are removed.

[0024] The present invention also provides a method for using the aforementioned breakwater, comprising the following steps:

[0025] Real-time monitoring of wave height and prediction of wave height trends;

[0026] When the wave height does not exceed the preset threshold, the pontoon is locked to the foundation pile, and the electric valve on the connecting pipe is opened to connect the hollow cavity with the outside water.

[0027] When it is predicted that the wave height will exceed the preset threshold, the pontoon is unlocked, the electric valve on the connecting pipe is closed, and the water pump rotates forward to introduce outside water into the hollow cavity so that the pontoon sinks until it sits on the bottom, and the water pump stops; the pontoon always remains on the bottom when the wave height exceeds the preset threshold.

[0028] When the wave height drops below the preset threshold, the water pump reverses to discharge the water in the hollow cavity, so that the pontoon floats up until it is in contact with the pile cap. The water pump stops, the electric valve on the connecting pipe is opened, and the pontoon is locked to the foundation pile.

[0029] Based on the above technical solution, the breakwater and its construction and usage methods in this embodiment of the invention, through the combined application of fixed wave-breaking plates and liftable pontoons, lock the pontoons to the foundation piles during small waves, relying on the wave-breaking plates to block waves and ensure the need for water exchange between the harbor and the interior; during large waves, the pontoons sink to the bottom to form a completely closed wave-breaking structure with the wave-breaking plates, significantly improving the wave-blocking effect; thus solving the shortcomings of existing breakwaters, and being able to take into account both the need for water exchange between the harbor and the need for wave-blocking effect during large waves, better meeting the requirements of marine ecological environment protection. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0031] Figure 1 This is a common structural diagram of a permeable breakwater.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a common structural diagram of a floating breakwater.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the breakwater of the present invention in the presence of small waves;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the breakwater of the present invention under large waves;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the breakwater of the present invention under small waves;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the breakwater of the present invention under large waves;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a perspective view of the pontoon in the breakwater of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the pontoon in the breakwater of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 9 This is a top view of the pontoon in the breakwater of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 10 This is a top view of a hydraulic locking device in the breakwater of the present invention on a pontoon;

[0041] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the hydraulic locking device in the breakwater of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the completion of the foundation pile construction step in the breakwater construction method of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the completion of the wave-breaking plate construction step in the breakwater construction method of the present invention.

[0044] In the diagram: 10, embankment section; 20, foundation pile; 21, pile cap; 22, rubber pad; 201, locking pile; 202, support pile; 30, upper platform; 40, wave barrier; 41, positioning groove; 42, diagonal brace; 50, wave barrier wall; 60, pontoon; 601, pile hole; 602, enlarged hole section; 603, locking groove; 604, hollow cavity; 61, connecting pipe; 62, water pump; 63, support platform; 631, positioning platform; 64, wear-resistant plate; 70, hydraulic locking device; 71, clamp; 72, limiting short beam; 73, hydraulic locking pin; 731, shell; 732, locking pin. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "lateral", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0047] The terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0048] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0049] refer to Figures 3-11 As shown, the present invention provides a breakwater comprising a plurality of breakwater segments 10 connected sequentially along the length of the breakwater. Each breakwater segment 10 includes an upper platform 30, a pontoon 60, and a plurality of vertically arranged foundation piles 20.

[0050] The bottom of each pile 20 is fixed to the seabed, and the top surface of the pile 20 is above the preset extreme high water level. Multiple piles 20 are usually arranged in multiple rows and columns in a regular pattern.

[0051] The upper platform 30 is positioned on the top surface of multiple foundation piles 20, thus ensuring that the upper platform 30 remains above the water surface. A wave-breaking plate 40 is installed on the wave-facing side of the upper platform 30, located on the outer side of all foundation piles 20. The top surface of the wave-breaking plate 40 connects to the bottom surface of the upper platform 30, and the bottom surface of the wave-breaking plate 40 is lower than a preset extreme low water level, ensuring that the bottom of the wave-breaking plate 40 is always submerged in water at any water level, but understandably, the wave-breaking plate 40 does not contact the seabed. A wave-breaking wall 50 is also provided on the wave-facing side of the upper platform 30, with its bottom surface connected to the top surface of the upper platform 30, and its top surface extending upwards.

[0052] The pontoon 60 has multiple pile holes 601 that correspond one-to-one with the multiple foundation piles 20, allowing the pontoon 60 to be fitted onto the foundation piles 20 and move up and down along the foundation piles 20, thus achieving a liftable configuration of the pontoon 60. It is understood that the foundation piles 20 are typically cylindrical, and the pile holes 601 can be cylindrical to match the shape of the foundation pile 20, or square to match the outer diameter of the foundation pile 20. There is a certain fitting clearance between the pile holes 601 and the foundation piles 20. At least two foundation piles 20 are equipped with hydraulic locking devices 70 between themselves and the pontoon 60. The hydraulic locking devices 70 operate under the control of the measurement and control system to lock the pontoon 60 onto the foundation piles 20 or to unlock the pontoon 60.

[0053] The pontoon 60 is located inside the wave-breaking plate 40, with the side of the pontoon 60 facing the wave-breaking plate 40 in close contact with it. When the pontoon 60 is locked onto the foundation pile 20, the bottom surface of the pontoon 60 does not contact the seabed, thus allowing it to block waves with the wave-breaking plate 40 during small waves and meeting the needs of water exchange between the inside and outside of the harbor. When the pontoon 60 is unlocked and lowered to the bottom, the top surface of the pontoon 60 is higher than the bottom surface of the wave-breaking plate 40, meaning there is a certain overlap height between the pontoon 60 and the wave-breaking plate 40. This allows the wave-breaking plate 40 and the pontoon 60 to form a complete and enclosed wave-breaking structure, thereby significantly improving the wave-breaking effect of the breakwater during large waves.

[0054] The pontoon 60 has multiple hollow chambers 604 inside, and each hollow chamber 604 is provided with a connecting pipe 61 that penetrates the side wall of the pontoon 60. An electric valve is installed on the connecting pipe 61, which is opened and closed under the control of the monitoring and control system to connect or isolate the hollow chamber 604 from the external water body. Furthermore, the locking height of the pontoon 60 on the foundation pile 20 is usually designed based on the normal water level; when the pontoon 60 is locked to the foundation pile 20, the height of the connecting pipe 61 is not higher than the preset extreme low water level. Therefore, when the electric valve is in the open state, the water levels inside and outside the pontoon 60 are basically the same, which can reduce the stress on the hydraulic locking device 70. Each hollow chamber 604 is also equipped with a water pipe that penetrates the bottom wall of the float 60. A water pump 62 is connected to the water pipe. Under the control of the monitoring and control system, the water pump 62 rotates forward or reverse to introduce or discharge water into or out of the hollow chamber 604, thereby causing the unlocked float 60 to sink or float. It is understood that when the water pump 62 is turned off, the water pipe is not connected. The hydraulic lines of the hydraulic locking device 70, the electrical lines of the water pump 62, and related control lines can all be laid along the foundation piles 20 to the pipeline device on the upper platform 30, and can be controlled from the upper platform 30.

[0055] In the above illustrative embodiment, the combined application of the fixed wave deflector 40 and the liftable pontoon 60 locks the pontoon 60 to the foundation pile 20 during small waves, and the wave deflector 40 provides wave protection to ensure the need for water exchange between the inside and outside of the port; during large waves, the pontoon 60 sinks to the bottom to form a completely closed wave-blocking structure with the wave deflector 40, which significantly improves the wave-blocking effect.

[0056] refer to Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, a support platform 63 protrudes from the lower part of the pontoon 60 facing the wave deflector 40; when the pontoon 60 is locked onto the foundation pile 20, the top surface of the support platform 63 is in contact with the bottom surface of the wave deflector 40, which can further ensure the stability of the height position of the pontoon 60 when locked; when the top surface of the support platform 63 is in contact with the bottom surface of the wave deflector 40, a preset water passage height is left between the bottom surface of the pontoon 60 and the seabed, thereby ensuring that the water exchange capacity inside and outside the harbor meets the requirements during small waves.

[0057] refer toFigure 5 , Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments, the multiple foundation piles 20 include at least two locking piles 201 and multiple support piles 202. The hydraulic locking device 70 is installed between the locking piles 201 and the pontoon 60. Typically, four or eight locking piles 201 are arranged at the four corners of the pontoon 60 to ensure the balance and stability of the pontoon 60 when locked. It should be noted that the outer diameters of the locking piles 201 and the support piles 202 can be the same or different, and can be flexibly set according to actual needs. Each support pile 202 has a pile cap 21 at its head, and the top surface of the pile cap 21 is connected to the bottom surface of the upper platform 30. When the top surface of the support platform 63 is in contact with the bottom surface of the wave baffle 40, the bottom surface of the pile cap 21 is in contact with the top surface of the pontoon 60, further ensuring the stability of the height position of the pontoon 60 when locked and reducing the force on the hydraulic locking device 70.

[0058] refer to Figures 9-11 As shown, in some embodiments, the hydraulic locking device 70 includes a clamp 71, a hydraulic locking pin 73, and a limiting short beam 72. The inner diameter of the clamp 71 matches the outer diameter of the locking post 201. The clamp 71 includes two mating clamp bodies, each semi-circular, which are connected and secured by bolts to grip the locking post 201. The hydraulic locking pin 73 includes a housing 731 and a locking pin 732, which is slidably connected to the housing 731 to extend outside or retract inside the housing 731. The housing 731 and the limiting short beam 72 of the hydraulic locking pin 73 are respectively connected to the outer walls of the two clamp bodies; the connection method includes, but is not limited to, welding. The upper part of the pontoon 60 pile hole 601 corresponding to the locking pile 201 is provided with an enlarged section 602. When the pontoon 60 is locked to the foundation pile 20, the hydraulic locking device 70 is located in the enlarged section 602. The side wall of the enlarged section 602 is recessed with a locking groove 603, the shape of which is adapted to the locking pin 732. Specifically, the head of the locking pin 732 is usually conical, and the shape of the locking groove 603 is also a matching conical shape. A steel plate is usually embedded in the locking groove 603. When the pontoon 60 is to be locked to the foundation pile 20, the locking pin 732 extends into the locking groove 603, and the bottom surface of the limiting short beam 72 and the hydraulic locking pin 73 housing 731 are both in contact with the bottom surface of the enlarged section 602 or a process gap is reserved. When the pontoon 60 is to be unlocked, the locking pin 732 retracts into the housing 731, thereby unlocking the pontoon 60 from the foundation pile 20. This illustrative embodiment refines the structural design of the hydraulic locking device 70, enabling the locking and unlocking of the pontoon 60 on the foundation pile 20.

[0059] refer to Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, a rubber pad 22 is attached to the bottom surface of each pile cap 21 to avoid hard collision between the pontoon 60 and the pile cap 21 when the pontoon 60 floats.

[0060] refer to Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, a preset gap is left between the side of the pontoon 60 facing the wave-blocking plate 40 and the wave-blocking plate 40. A wear-resistant plate 64 protrudes from the upper part of the side of the pontoon 60 facing the wave-blocking plate 40, and the wear-resistant plate 64 is always in contact with the wave-blocking plate 40 during the up-and-down movement of the pontoon 60. The wear-resistant plate 64 can be a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene plate, which is fixed to the pontoon 60 by gluing and bolting. This avoids hard friction between the pontoon 60 and the wave-blocking plate 40 when the pontoon 60 moves up and down. On the other hand, when the pontoon 60 sits on the bottom in large waves, the wear-resistant plate 64 on the pontoon 60 can provide auxiliary support for the wave-blocking plate 40. Compared with the cantilevered wave-blocking plate 40 in the prior art, this embodiment can improve the wave-blocking plate 40's resistance to wave impact.

[0061] refer to Figures 3-13 As shown, the present invention also provides a construction method for the aforementioned breakwater, comprising the following steps:

[0062] S1. Prefabricate the pontoon 60 and wave-blocking plate 40 in the factory; wherein, the wave-blocking plate 40 may include multiple wave-blocking sub-plates connected sequentially along its length, which can reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the wave-blocking plate 40; a tenon and mortise structure is provided between each pair of adjacent wave-blocking sub-plates to achieve precise positioning and connection between adjacent wave-blocking sub-plates.

[0063] S2, Construction of foundation pile 20: The pontoon 60 is floated to the construction position and stationed using the installation vessel; the foundation pile 20 is constructed according to the position of the pile hole 601 on the pontoon 60.

[0064] S3. Construction of wave baffle 40: Close the electric valve on the connecting pipe 61, start the water pump 62 to rotate forward or reverse to adjust the water volume in the hollow cavity 604 so that the top surface of the pontoon 60 reaches the preset elevation; install a hydraulic locking device 70 between at least two foundation piles 20 and the pontoon 60 to temporarily fix the pontoon 60 to the foundation piles 20, thereby enabling the pontoon 60 to serve as a construction platform for the subsequent construction of the wave baffle 40 and the upper platform 30; place the wave baffle 40 on the support platform 63 of the pontoon 60, that is, the support platform 63 extending outward from the front side of the pontoon 60 supports the wave baffle 40.

[0065] S4. Construction of the upper platform 30: A full-span scaffold is erected on the floating box 60 to support the bottom formwork of the upper platform 30, eliminating the need for the traditional construction step of building a steel platform for water construction; the upper platform 30 and pile cap 21 are formed by cast-in-place process, and the upper platform 30 and pile cap 21 can be connected with the foundation pile 20 and the wave baffle 40 to form a whole, thereby completing the construction of a section 10 of the dike.

[0066] S5. Repeat steps S2 to S4 to complete the construction of multiple sequentially connected breakwater segments 10, thereby forming the breakwater. It should be noted that a tenon and mortise structure is provided between the two pontoons 60 of each pair of adjacent breakwater segments 10 to achieve precise positioning and connection between the two adjacent pontoons 60, thereby achieving the connection between the two adjacent breakwater segments 10; in addition, it can be understood that the construction of each breakwater segment 10 can be carried out simultaneously or in an overlapping manner to improve construction efficiency.

[0067] The above illustrative embodiments refine the construction steps of the breakwater, which can reduce the construction difficulty of the cantilevered wave shield 40 and the upper platform 30, and improve the construction quality and efficiency of the breakwater.

[0068] refer to Figure 12 As shown, in some embodiments, step S2 includes driving steel casings at each pile hole 601 location of the pontoon 60; then, installing hydraulic locking devices 70 between at least two steel casings and the pontoon 60 to temporarily fix the pontoon 60 to the steel casings, thereby enabling the pontoon 60 to serve as a construction platform for subsequent cast-in-place pile construction; specifically, before installing the hydraulic locking devices 70, water is pumped into and out of the pontoon 60 by a water pump 62 to control the freeboard of the pontoon 60, and when the water level is above the normal water level, the hydraulic locking devices 70 are installed between the steel casings and the pontoon 60; then, cast-in-place pile construction equipment is erected on the top surface of the pontoon 60, and cast-in-place pile construction is carried out inside the steel casings to form foundation piles 20; thereby completing the construction of multiple foundation piles 20.

[0069] refer to Figure 13 As shown, in some embodiments, in step S3, a positioning platform 631 protrudes from the top surface of the support platform 63, and a positioning groove 41 matching the positioning platform 631 is recessed on the bottom surface of the wave-deflecting plate 40 to position the wave-deflecting plate 40 on the support platform 63, thereby achieving the assembly and positioning of the lower part of the wave-deflecting plate 40 on the support platform 63. Multiple diagonal braces 42 are detachably connected between the upper part of the wave-deflecting plate 40 and the top surface of the pontoon 60, and tensioners are provided on the diagonal braces 42. Specifically, one end of the diagonal brace 42 is first connected to the wave-deflecting plate 40. After the wave-deflecting plate 40 is placed on the support platform 63, the other end of the diagonal brace 42 is connected to the pontoon 60, and the length of the diagonal brace 42 is adjusted by the tensioner to achieve a temporary stable connection between the wave-deflecting plate 40 and the pontoon 60. After completing step S4, the diagonal braces 42 are removed, thus terminating the connection between the pontoon 60 and the wave-deflecting plate 40. This illustrative embodiment, through the positioning between the lower part of the wave baffle 40 and the support platform 63 of the pontoon 60, and the setting of the diagonal bracing rod 42 between the upper part of the wave baffle 40 and the pontoon 60, achieves convenient assembly and stable connection of the wave baffle 40 on the pontoon 60 during construction, reduces the construction difficulty of the cantilever wave baffle 40, and ensures the construction quality and safety of the wave baffle 40 during construction.

[0070] refer to Figures 3-11 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for using the aforementioned breakwater, comprising the following steps:

[0071] The monitoring and control system uses wave height meters or other equipment to monitor wave height in real time and predict the trend of wave height changes based on weather forecasts, water level changes, and other information.

[0072] When the wave height does not exceed the preset threshold, i.e., when the waves are small, the hydraulic locking device 70 locks the pontoon 60 to the foundation pile 20. The electric valve on the connecting pipe 61 is opened to connect the hollow cavity 604 to the external water body, i.e., the connecting pipe 61 is in the open state. This makes the water level inside and outside the pontoon 60 basically the same, which can reduce the stress on the hydraulic locking device 70 under the normal working state of the breakwater. At this time, there is a preset water passage height between the bottom surface of the pontoon 60 and the seabed, which can meet the needs of water exchange between the inside and outside of the port. At the same time, the wave-blocking is mainly done by the wave-blocking plate 40 when the waves are small. It is generally believed in the industry that a wave height of no more than 3m can meet the wave stability requirements in the port. Therefore, the preset threshold for wave height can be set to 3m, but it is not limited to this and can be flexibly set according to actual needs.

[0073] When it is predicted that the wave height will exceed the preset threshold and develop into a large wave, the pontoon 60 is unlocked, the electric valve on the connecting pipe 61 is closed, and the water pump 62 rotates forward to introduce external water into the hollow cavity 604, so that the pontoon 60 sinks until it sits on the bottom, and the water pump 62 stops. When the wave height exceeds the preset threshold, i.e., when it is a large wave, the pontoon 60 always remains on the bottom. After the pontoon 60 sits on the bottom, because the upper part of the pontoon 60 and the bottom of the wave baffle 40 have a certain overlap height, the wave baffle 40 and the pontoon 60 together form a complete and closed wave baffle structure, which can significantly improve the wave baffle effect of the breakwater during large waves. To further explain, at this time, the wear-resistant plate 64 on the upper part of the pontoon 60 plays an auxiliary supporting role for the wave baffle 40. Thus, the upper part of the wave baffle 40 is fixed to the upper platform 30, and the lower part is simply supported by the wear-resistant plate 64 on the pontoon 60, which improves the load-bearing capacity of the wave baffle 40.

[0074] When the wave height decreases to below the preset threshold, i.e. the wave conditions improve, the water pump 62 reverses to discharge the water in the hollow cavity 604, so that the float box 60 floats up until it is in contact with the pile cap 21. The water pump 62 stops, the electric valve on the connecting pipe 61 is opened, and the hydraulic locking device 70 is used to lock the float box 60 to the foundation pile 20.

[0075] The above illustrative embodiment automatically adjusts the state of the pontoon 60 according to the real-time wave height and wave height change trend, locking it on the foundation pile 20 or setting it on the bottom, thereby taking into account both the need for water exchange between the inside and outside of the harbor during small waves and the need for wave blocking effect during large waves, and better meeting the requirements of marine ecological environment protection.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0077] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the present invention.

Claims

1. A breakwater comprising a plurality of breakwater segments connected sequentially along its length, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned embankment sections includes: Multiple vertically arranged foundation piles, the bottom of which is fixed to the seabed, and the top surface of which is higher than a preset extreme high water level; The upper platform is set on the top surface of multiple foundation piles; a wave-blocking plate is provided on the wave-facing side of the upper platform, the top surface of the wave-blocking plate is connected to the bottom surface of the upper platform, and the bottom surface of the wave-blocking plate is lower than a preset extreme low water level; The pontoon has multiple pile holes that correspond one-to-one with multiple foundation piles, allowing it to be fitted onto the piles and move up and down along them. At least two of the foundation piles are equipped with hydraulic locking devices between the pontoon and the piles to lock the pontoon to the piles or unlock it. The side of the pontoon facing the wave-breaking plate is in contact with the wave-breaking plate. When the pontoon is locked onto the piles, its bottom surface does not contact the seabed. When the pontoon is unlocked and lowered to the bottom, its top surface is higher than the bottom surface of the wave-breaking plate. The pontoon has multiple hollow chambers inside. Each hollow chamber has a connecting pipe that penetrates the side wall of the pontoon and is equipped with an electric valve. Each hollow chamber also has a water pipe that penetrates the bottom wall of the pontoon and is connected to a water pump. The water pump rotates forward or reverse to introduce or discharge water into or out of the hollow chamber through the water pipe.

2. The breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pontoon has a support platform protruding from its lower part on the side facing the wave-breaking plate. When the pontoon is locked onto the foundation pile, the top surface of the support platform is in contact with the bottom surface of the wave-breaking plate, and at this time, there is a preset water passage height between the bottom surface of the pontoon and the seabed.

3. The breakwater according to claim 2, characterized in that, The plurality of foundation piles include at least two locking piles and a plurality of support piles, and the hydraulic locking device is installed between the locking piles and the pontoon; each of the support piles has a pile cap at its head, and the top surface of the pile cap is connected to the bottom surface of the upper platform; when the top surface of the support platform is in contact with the bottom surface of the wave baffle, the bottom surface of the pile cap is in contact with the top surface of the pontoon.

4. The breakwater according to claim 3, characterized in that, The hydraulic locking device includes a clamp, a hydraulic locking pin, and a limiting short beam. The inner diameter of the clamp matches the outer diameter of the locking pile. The clamp comprises two mating clamp bodies connected by bolts to grip the locking pile. The hydraulic locking pin includes a housing and a locking pin, which is slidably connected to the housing to extend outside or retract inside. The housing and the limiting short beam are respectively connected to the outer walls of the two clamp bodies. The upper part of the pontoon pile hole corresponding to the locking pile has an enlarged section, and a locking groove is recessed on the side wall of the enlarged section. The shape of the locking groove is adapted to the locking pin. When the pontoon is to be locked onto the pile, the locking pin extends into the locking groove, and the bottom surfaces of the limiting short beam and the housing are in contact with the bottom surface of the enlarged section. When the pontoon is to be unlocked, the locking pin retracts into the housing.

5. The breakwater according to claim 3, characterized in that, A rubber pad is attached to the bottom surface of each of the pile caps.

6. The breakwater according to claim 3, characterized in that, A preset gap is left between the side of the pontoon facing the wave-blocking plate and the wave-blocking plate. A wear-resistant plate is protruding from the upper part of the side of the pontoon facing the wave-blocking plate. The wear-resistant plate is always in contact with the wave-blocking plate during the up-and-down movement of the pontoon.

7. The construction method of the breakwater as described in any one of claims 3-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Prefabricate the pontoon and wave-breaking plate in the factory; S2. Foundation pile construction: The floating box is floated to the construction location and stationed; foundation pile construction is carried out according to the pile hole positions on the floating box; S3. Construction of wave baffle: Close the electric valve on the connecting pipe, start the water pump to rotate forward or reverse to adjust the water volume in the hollow cavity so that the top surface of the pontoon reaches the preset elevation; install a hydraulic locking device between at least two of the foundation piles and the pontoon; place the wave baffle on the support platform of the pontoon. S4. Construction of the upper platform: A full-span scaffold is erected on the floating box to support the bottom formwork of the upper platform. The upper platform and pile caps are formed by cast-in-place process, and the upper platform, pile caps, foundation piles and wave-breaking plates are connected as one unit to complete the construction of the dike section. S5. Repeat steps S2 to S4 to complete the construction of multiple sequentially connected dike sections, thereby forming the breakwater.

8. The construction method of the breakwater according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S2 includes: driving steel casings at each pile hole location of the pontoon; installing hydraulic locking devices between at least two of the steel casings and the pontoon; setting up a grouting pile construction device on the pontoon; and carrying out grouting pile construction inside the steel casings to form the foundation pile.

9. The construction method of the breakwater according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, a positioning platform is provided on the top surface of the support platform, and a positioning groove matching the positioning platform is provided on the bottom surface of the wave baffle to position the wave baffle on the support platform; a plurality of diagonal bracing rods are detachably connected between the upper part of the wave baffle and the top surface of the pontoon, and tensioners are provided on the diagonal bracing rods; after step S4 is completed, the diagonal bracing rods are removed.

10. The method of using the breakwater as described in any one of claims 3-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Real-time monitoring of wave height and prediction of wave height trends; When the wave height does not exceed the preset threshold, the pontoon is locked to the foundation pile, and the electric valve on the connecting pipe is opened to connect the hollow cavity with the outside water body; When it is predicted that the wave height will exceed the preset threshold, the pontoon is unlocked, the electric valve on the connecting pipe is closed, the water pump rotates forward to introduce external water into the hollow cavity, so that the pontoon sinks until it sits on the bottom, and the water pump stops; when the wave height exceeds the preset threshold, the pontoon always remains on the bottom. When the wave height drops below a preset threshold, the water pump reverses to discharge the water in the hollow cavity, causing the pontoon to float until it is in contact with the pile cap. The water pump then stops, and the electric valve on the connecting pipe is opened to lock the pontoon onto the foundation pile.

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