A loess plateau slope water and soil conservation device and method

Abstract

The loess plateau slope water and soil conservation device and method belongs to the technical field of water and soil conservation and intelligent control, and comprises a pile foundation type executing mechanism, the pile foundation type executing mechanism comprises a spiral ground pile fixed in the slope soil body, a rotary base installed on the spiral ground pile to realize horizontal rotation, a pitching swing arm hinged on the rotary base to realize pitching movement, and a spraying guide pipe fixed on the pitching swing arm; an integrated sensing probe, the integrated sensing probe comprises a probe rod body, a plurality of layers of water content sensors arranged in layers along the length direction of the probe rod body, and a micro rain gauge installed at the top end of the probe rod body; and a central controller, the central controller is in communication connection with the integrated sensing probe and the pile foundation type executing mechanism respectively, is used for receiving sensing data and sending control instructions, and the model simulation precision of the real physical process is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the cross field of water and soil conservation and intelligent control, in particular to a loess plateau slope water and soil conservation device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Traditional slope water and soil conservation methods mainly rely on passive engineering measures, such as masonry slope protection or building retaining walls. These methods cannot adapt to the dynamic changes in local erosion risk during rainfall events, resulting in limited effectiveness of protective measures in dealing with sudden or locally distributed erosion.

[0003] The deficiency of this passive protection mainly lies in its inability to obtain real-time environmental data and conduct dynamic intervention; traditional monitoring methods are usually lagging, unable to identify risk areas before erosion occurs, and manual intervention also has a delay, unable to accurately allocate resources and perform operations according to real-time data, which leads to the fact that water and soil conservation work mainly relies on engineering redundancy or post-repair, lacking in pertinence and timeliness.

[0004] The above information disclosed in the above background section is only used to strengthen the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, therefore it can include information which does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a loess plateau slope water and soil conservation device and method to solve the problems raised in the above background.

[0006] The technical solution of the present application is as follows:

[0007] A pile foundation type actuator, comprising a spiral pile fixed in the slope soil, a rotary base mounted on the spiral pile to realize horizontal rotation, a pitch swing arm articulated on the rotary base to realize pitch movement, and a spray guide pipe fixed on the pitch swing arm;

[0008] An integrated sensing probe, comprising a probe shaft, a plurality of layers of water content sensors arranged in layers along the length direction of the probe shaft, and a micro rain gauge installed at the top end of the probe shaft;

[0009] And a central controller, which is communicatively connected with the integrated sensing probe and the pile foundation type actuator respectively, for receiving sensing data and sending control instructions.

[0010] Preferably, the rotary base is internally provided with a servo motor, the servo motor drives a hollow rotating column through a transmission mechanism, and the pitch swing arm is articulated at the top end of the rotating column.

[0011] Preferably, the spray conduit is connected to the liquid supply system by a high-pressure resistant hose which penetrates the hollow rotating column upwardly via a rotating joint provided in the rotating base.

[0012] Preferably, the pitch movement of the pitch swing arm is controlled by an electric push rod, the base end of which is hinged to the rotating base, and the extended end of which is hinged to the pitch swing arm.

[0013] A loess plateau slope soil and water conservation method, comprising:

[0014] The multi-depth soil moisture content data and the instantaneous rainfall intensity data collected by the integrated sensing probe are received by the central controller, and a digital elevation model is preset to generate a global soil moisture field;

[0015] When a predicted rainfall event is received, the central controller simulates the simulated erosion force of each region of the slope surface based on the global soil moisture field and inputs the rainfall intensity and duration of the predicted rainfall event, compares the simulated erosion force with a preset erosion resistance threshold, and determines the erosion risk hotspots.

[0016] The central controller calculates and generates intervention instructions based on the spatial coordinates, risk level, and area of the erosion risk hotspots, and the current soil moisture content extracted from the global soil moisture field, and controls the pile foundation type execution mechanism to perform spraying on the erosion risk hotspots.

[0017] Preferably, the step of generating a global soil moisture field further comprises: determining whether a crust is formed on the soil surface by comparing the instantaneous rainfall intensity and the surface soil moisture content change rate obtained by the multi-layer moisture content sensor, and calculating the dynamically changing effective infiltration coefficient accordingly to correct the generation process of the global soil moisture field.

[0018] Preferably, the erosion resistance threshold is calibrated by collecting loess samples at representative positions of the slope, conducting erosion tests in the laboratory, and establishing a functional relationship between the flow shear force and the soil erosion rate.

[0019] Preferably, the step of calculating and generating intervention instructions further comprises: selecting the type of spraying liquid as water or solidifying agent according to the risk level of the erosion risk hotspot, and adjusting the reference total amount of liquid spraying according to the current soil moisture content.

[0020] Preferably, the step of controlling the pile foundation type execution mechanism to perform spraying further comprises: converting the target coordinates in the intervention instructions into the rotation angle of the rotating base and the pitch angle of the pitch swing arm, and converting the total amount and rate of spraying in the intervention instructions into the pumping parameters of the liquid supply system.

[0021] The present application provides a device and method for soil and water conservation on the Loess Plateau by improvement, which has the following improvements and advantages compared with the prior art:

[0022] 1. The central controller uses the multi-depth soil moisture content data collected by the integrated sensing probe and the digital elevation model describing the slope terrain to expand the discrete data into a continuous moisture content distribution map covering the entire slope, i.e. the global soil moisture field, through a water movement simulation program, which solves the problem of spatial distribution of discrete data in traditional methods and provides a global data basis for subsequent risk prediction. In addition, this method can determine whether soil crust is formed by comparing the instantaneous rainfall intensity and the rate of change of surface soil moisture content, and correct the infiltration coefficient accordingly, thereby improving the simulation accuracy of the model on the real physical process;

[0023] 2. When receiving a predicted rainfall event, the central controller inputs the predicted rainfall intensity and duration based on the global soil moisture field to simulate the simulated erosion force of each region of the slope, which is compared with the preset erosion resistance threshold to determine the erosion risk hotspots, which enables the system to identify the weak areas most likely to cause soil erosion in future rainfall in advance, realizing predictive management of risk. The erosion resistance threshold is calibrated by establishing a functional relationship between the water flow shear force and the soil erosion rate through laboratory erosion tests, which ensures that the basis for risk determination conforms to the soil physical properties of the specific slope;

[0024] 3. When the erosion risk hotspots are identified, the central controller will calculate and generate intervention instructions according to their spatial coordinates, risk level, area, and current soil moisture content, etc. The instructions will then control the pile foundation type execution mechanism to perform spraying operations on the risk hotspots, thereby effectively inhibiting erosion before it occurs. The generation of intervention instructions also includes selecting water or solidifying agent for spraying according to the risk level, and adjusting the total amount of liquid sprayed according to the current soil moisture content, making the intervention measures more adaptive and effective. Finally, the controller converts the target coordinates and spraying parameters in the intervention instructions into specific control signals for the execution mechanism, ensuring that the intervention liquid can be accurately sprayed to the specified risk area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] The present application will be further explained in conjunction with the drawings and examples:

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device;

[0027] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pile foundation type execution mechanism;

[0028] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the method flow structure of the present application;

[0029] In the figure: 100, pile foundation actuator; 110, screw pile; 120, rotary base; 130, pitch swing arm; 140, spray guide pipe; 200, integrated sensing probe; 210, probe rod body; 220, multi-layer water content sensor; 230, micro rain gauge; 300, central controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with specific examples.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] Please refer to Figures 1-2 The present application provides a loess plateau slope soil and water conservation device, comprising:

[0033] The pile foundation actuator 100 comprises a screw pile 110 fixed in the slope soil body, a rotary base 120 mounted on the screw pile 110 to realize horizontal rotation, a pitch swing arm 130 hinged to the rotary base 120 to realize pitch movement, and a spray guide pipe 140 fixed on the pitch swing arm 130;

[0034] The integrated sensing probe 200 comprises a probe rod body 210, a multi-layer water content sensor 220 arranged in layers along the length direction of the probe rod body 210, and a micro rain gauge 230 mounted at the top end of the probe rod body 210;

[0035] The central controller 300 is in communication connection with the integrated sensing probe 200 and the pile foundation actuator 100 respectively, for receiving sensing data and sending control instructions.

[0036] Traditional slope protection is mostly passive engineering, which is difficult to cope with the dynamic development of local erosion risk in rainfall events; the loess plateau slope soil and water conservation device in the embodiment provides an active protection mode through the cooperative work of each component.

[0037] The pile foundation type actuator 100 is designed to perform physical intervention on a specific area of the slope. The pile foundation type actuator 100 can be understood as a work unit with multi-dimensional accurate pointing and liquid spraying capability. The integrated sensing probe 200 is designed to obtain local soil and rainfall environment information of the slope. The probe can be understood as a data acquisition node integrated with multiple environment sensing functions. For example, the integrated sensing probe 200 can use an integrated probe integrated with a TDR soil moisture sensor and a tipping bucket rain gauge. The central controller 300, for example, can use a Siemens SIMATIC IPC series industrial computer, which establishes a communication connection with the aforementioned two components.

[0038] The integrated sensing probe 200 transmits the collected discrete data points to the central controller 300, which processes the data to understand the state of the entire slope. When a potential risk is identified, the central controller 300 sends precise action instructions to the pile foundation type actuator 100. This combination of structures enables the entire device to make predictions and responses based on real-time data, changing the previous protection mode that relies on engineering redundancy or delayed manual intervention, allowing soil and water conservation work to be more accurately resource allocated and work performed according to actual needs.

[0039] The swivel base 120 is internally provided with a servo motor, which drives a hollow rotating column through a transmission mechanism, and the pitch swing arm 130 is hinged to the top end of the rotating column.

[0040] The function of the swivel base 120 is to provide the pitch swing arm 130 with horizontal dimensional freedom of movement. A servo motor, such as a Panasonic MINASA6 series servo motor, is provided inside the swivel base 120, and a transmission mechanism such as a worm gear reducer with self-locking capability is used to drive the hollow rotating column. The servo motor can receive digital pulse signals from the central controller 300 and convert them into precise angular rotation. The hollow rotating column structure provides a channel for the subsequent layout of the liquid pipeline and provides a stable mounting and carrying platform for the pitch swing arm 130. Through the cooperation of the servo motor and the transmission mechanism, the swivel base 120 realizes horizontal accurate control of the spraying direction, which is the basis for achieving point intervention on any position of the slope.

[0041] The spray guide pipe 140 is connected to the liquid supply system through a high-pressure resistant hose, which passes through the rotating joint provided in the swivel base 120 and penetrates upward through the hollow rotating column.

[0042] The injection conduit 140 needs a connection mode that can stably deliver liquid under its large three-dimensional movement; in the embodiment, the connection relationship between the injection conduit 140 and the liquid supply system is that the continuity and sealing of the fluid passage under any posture of the actuator are ensured.

[0043] The connection is realized by a high-pressure resistant hose, and the routing path of the high-pressure resistant hose is specially designed to adapt to the horizontal rotation of the rotary base 120 and the pitching movement of the pitching swing arm 130; the hose is introduced from the bottom of the rotary base 120, is first connected to a rotary joint, the rotary joint allows the pipeline to rotate with the rotary column while keeping sealed, and the hose penetrates the hollow rotary column upward. This design avoids the winding, damage or interference of the hose during the movement of the actuator, and ensures the reliability of the liquid supply; in addition, another way can also be used, for example, a plurality of hard pipes are connected through rotatable hinged joints to form a pipeline structure similar to a mechanical arm, which can also realize reliable delivery of liquid during movement.

[0044] The pitching movement of the pitching swing arm 130 is controlled by an electric push rod, the base end of the electric push rod is hinged to the rotary base 120, and the extending end is hinged to the pitching swing arm 130.

[0045] The function of the pitching swing arm 130 is to provide the injection conduit 140 with a vertical degree of freedom of movement; the pitching movement of the pitching swing arm 130 is controlled by an electric push rod, such as the electric push rod of the Thomson Electrak series; the base end of the electric push rod is hinged to the side of the rotary column, and the extending end is hinged to the short side of the L-shaped pitching swing arm 130; when the central controller 300 issues a pitching angle instruction, the instruction is converted into the extension length of the electric push rod; the extension or retraction of the electric push rod will push the pitching swing arm 130 to pitch around the hinge point at the top end of the rotary column; this driven by the electric push rod makes the control of the pitching angle also digital and accurate, combined with the horizontal rotation of the rotary base 120, together constitutes the two-dimensional pointing ability of the injection conduit 140 in space, so that it can cover any target point in the specified range on the slope.

[0046] Embodiment 2

[0047] Please refer to Figure 3 A loess plateau slope soil and water conservation method, comprising:

[0048] The multi-depth soil moisture content data and the instantaneous rainfall intensity data collected by the integrated sensing probe 200 are received by the central controller 300, and a global soil moisture field is generated in combination with a preset digital elevation model;

[0049] When the central controller 300 receives a predicted rainfall event, it simulates the simulated erosion force of each region of the slope surface based on the global soil moisture field and the rainfall intensity and duration of the predicted rainfall event, and compares the simulated erosion force with the preset anti-erosion threshold to determine the erosion risk hotspots.

[0050] The central controller 300 generates intervention instructions based on the spatial coordinates, risk level, and area of the erosion risk hotspots, as well as the current soil moisture content extracted from the global soil moisture field, and controls the pile-type execution mechanism 100 to perform spraying on the erosion risk hotspots.

[0051] The water and soil conservation method aims to organically combine the sensing and action capabilities of the device to form a complete active intervention process.

[0052] The purpose of the central controller 300 generating the global soil moisture field is to solve the problem of spatially discrete distribution of sensor probe data. The controller takes the multi-depth soil moisture data collected by all probes as the initial boundary conditions of the physical model, combines the digital elevation model describing the slope terrain, and runs the water movement simulation program;

[0053] The purpose of the water movement simulation program is to extend the discrete and point-like soil moisture data to a continuous moisture content distribution map covering the entire slope, i.e., the global soil moisture field, in the case of being unable to directly measure. The model logically receives multi-depth soil moisture data from the integrated sensor probe 200 as initial boundary conditions, and the digital elevation model provides the geometric shape and terrain information of the entire slope, such as slope and aspect, as spatial constraints and inputs to the simulation program. The physical model inside the program, such as the numerical solver based on Richards equation, takes the above data as input and simulates the movement and redistribution of water in unsaturated porous media through iterative calculation. The model as a whole represents the physical law of water infiltration, movement, and redistribution in the slope soil under the driving of gravity, capillary action, and matrix potential. It combines discrete measurement data with continuous terrain information to achieve dynamic simulation and prediction of the entire slope soil moisture state;

[0054] The program extends the discrete and point-like soil moisture data to a continuous moisture content distribution map covering the entire slope, i.e., the global soil moisture field, through iterative calculation. The water movement simulation program can be based on a physical model describing water movement in unsaturated porous media, such as Richards equation, and solved by numerical methods such as finite difference method or finite element method for the entire space defined by the digital elevation model, thereby obtaining the moisture content of each grid cell at different time points. This dynamically updated moisture field provides a global data basis for subsequent risk prediction.

[0055] The purpose of the central controller 300 to determine the erosion risk hotspots is to identify the weak areas most likely to occur in future rainfall soil erosion; when the weather system is connected to forecast heavy rainfall events, the controller will generate the global soil moisture field based on the previous step, and the predicted rainfall intensity and duration as input, simulate the infiltration, runoff and confluence process of rainwater on the slope. During the simulation, the erosion force generated by the runoff on the slope soil is continuously calculated and compared with the preset anti-erosion threshold; the simulated erosion force here, that is, the shear force of water flow on the slope soil, is mainly based on the simulated water flow dynamics parameters;

[0056] The input of this process is the current soil moisture data from the global soil moisture field and the slope terrain data provided by the digital elevation model, as well as the rainfall intensity and duration of the predicted rainfall event;

[0057] Logical steps:

[0058] Step 1: The system uses the modified infiltration model to simulate the amount of rainwater infiltration on the slope and the surface runoff based on soil moisture and rainfall intensity, considering the influence of soil crust;

[0059] Step 2: The system combines the runoff data with the digital elevation model to simulate the flow direction and collection process of runoff on the slope, and calculates the real-time runoff depth and flow velocity of each grid cell on the slope according to the mass conservation and momentum equation;

[0060] Step 3: The system calculates the slope of each grid cell according to the elevation data in the digital elevation model;

[0061] Step 4: Substitute the parameters calculated in Step 2 and Step 3 into the simplified physical model or more complex fluid dynamics model to calculate the simulated erosion force of each region, where the water bulk density is a constant.

[0062] The final output of this process is a simulated erosion force distribution map covering the entire slope, which will be used to compare with the preset anti-erosion threshold to determine the erosion risk hotspots;

[0063] For example, it can be estimated by a simplified physical model, such as:

[0064] ;

[0065] Where, represents the shear force of water flow; represents the water bulk density, which is a constant; represents the simulated surface runoff depth of the region; a slope gradient calculated based on a digital elevation model of the region; through this calculation, complex erosion processes can be quantified into specific physical indicators; when the simulated erosion force of a certain region exceeds a threshold value, the region is determined to be an erosion risk hotspot;

[0066] The anti-erosion threshold is a quantitative safety critical indicator, which represents the ability of the slope soil to maintain stability under the action of different water flow shear forces, and is the key logical basis for the system to determine the erosion risk. The threshold is calibrated by collecting slope loess samples and establishing the functional relationship between water flow shear force and soil erosion rate in the laboratory erosion test. The threshold represents the critical water flow shear force value that causes the soil erosion rate to increase significantly. During system operation, when the simulated erosion force of each region of the slope surface calculated by the central controller 300 exceeds the preset anti-erosion threshold, the region will be logically determined by the system as an erosion risk hotspot, thereby triggering the generation of subsequent intervention instructions and spraying operations;

[0067] The purpose of the central controller 300 to calculate and generate intervention instructions and execute is to convert the predicted risk into specific suppression actions. The controller will lock the spatial coordinates of the erosion risk hotspot, and integrate information such as its risk level, area size, and real-time soil moisture content, to calculate the type and amount of intervention needed to be executed through decision logic, forming intervention instructions. The instructions are then sent to the pile foundation type execution mechanism 100 closest to the hotspot, which completes the precise spraying operation on the risk area, thereby effectively suppressing erosion before it occurs.

[0068] The step of generating the global soil moisture field further includes: by comparing the instantaneous rainfall intensity and the surface soil moisture content change rate obtained by the multi-layer moisture content sensor 220, determining whether a crust is formed on the soil surface, and according to this, calculating the dynamically changing effective infiltration coefficient to correct the generation process of the global soil moisture field.

[0069] The step of generating the global soil moisture field is added to the determination of the soil crust in order to improve the simulation accuracy of the model to the real physical process; in the loess area, heavy rainfall may cause the soil surface particles to be destroyed and block the pores, forming a crust with a large difference in physical properties from the underlying soil, which will greatly reduce the rainwater infiltration rate; to solve this problem, the central controller 300 compares the instantaneous rainfall intensity monitored by the micro rain gauge 230 with the surface soil moisture content rate change speed fed back by the uppermost probe of the multi-layer moisture content sensor 220 in real time; when the rainfall intensity is very high and the surface soil moisture content rate is slow, the program determines that the crust has been formed; according to the difference between the two, the program calculates the dynamic effective infiltration coefficient, and uses this process-changing coefficient instead of a fixed constant to perform subsequent water migration calculation. This modification makes the generation result of the global soil moisture field more close to the actual situation, and provides a guarantee for the accuracy of the subsequent erosion risk prediction.

[0070] The anti-erosion threshold is calibrated by collecting loess samples from representative positions of the slope, conducting erosion tests in the laboratory, and establishing a functional relationship between the shear force of the water flow and the soil erosion rate.

[0071] The purpose of the calibration process of the anti-erosion threshold is to make the basis of risk determination consistent with the soil physical properties of the specific slope; the general anti-erosion threshold cannot accurately reflect the anti-erosion ability of the specific loess; therefore, before deploying the system, loess samples will be collected from different typical positions of the slope; in the laboratory, these samples are placed in a water tank, and water flow with different flow rates and water depths is applied to simulate runoff erosion of different intensities; the shear force of the water flow on the sample and the mass loss rate of the sample, i.e. the soil erosion rate, are accurately measured during the test. Through analysis of multiple test data, a functional relationship between the shear force of the water flow and the soil erosion rate can be established; from this functional relationship, the critical shear force can be determined, which is used as the anti-erosion threshold of the soil at this position when the shear force of the water flow exceeds this value, and the soil begins to erode significantly. This calibration method based on physical experiments provides an objective and targeted quantitative standard for the determination of erosion risk hotspots.

[0072] The step of calculating and generating intervention instructions further includes: selecting the type of liquid sprayed as water or solidifying agent according to the risk level of the erosion risk hotspot, and adjusting the total amount of liquid sprayed according to the current soil moisture content.

[0073] The refinement of the step of calculating and generating intervention instruction is to make the intervention measures more adaptive and effective; the central controller 300 selects the type of liquid to be sprayed according to the risk level of the erosion risk hotspot; for example, for an area that is determined to be about to reach saturation but has not yet generated a large amount of runoff, the risk level is low, and the controller will select to spray clean water; such preventive wetting can wet the surface soil in advance, and use the capillary action of the soil to promote the infiltration of subsequent rainwater, thereby delaying the formation of surface runoff; for a very high-risk area that has been determined to have a scouring force that will soon exceed the threshold, the controller will select to spray an environmentally friendly soil stabilizer to quickly improve the soil's erosion resistance; after determining the type of liquid, the controller will also adjust a baseline total spraying amount calculated based on the area according to the current soil moisture content of the area extracted from the global soil moisture field. For example, when spraying a stabilizer, the spraying amount will be appropriately increased or decreased with reference to the appropriate reaction moisture content interval in the stabilizer instruction manual, in order to obtain a better stabilization effect.

[0074] The step of controlling the pile foundation type actuator 100 to perform spraying further includes: converting the target coordinates in the intervention instruction into the rotation angle of the rotary base 120 and the pitch angle of the pitch swing arm 130, and converting the total amount and rate of spraying in the intervention instruction into the pumping parameters of the liquid supply system.

[0075] The step of controlling the pile foundation type actuator 100 to perform spraying is a key link for realizing the conversion from decision to physical action; the intervention instruction generated by the central controller 300 contains spatial coordinate information of the target point; the kinematics solving program inside the controller will accurately convert this coordinate information, combined with the installation position of the actuator itself, into the target rotation angle of the servo motor driving the rotary base 120 and the target extension length of the electric push rod driving the pitch swing arm 130; at the same time, the liquid spraying total amount and spraying rate information contained in the instruction are converted into the frequency and running time control parameters of the frequency converter of the plunger pump in the liquid supply system. Through this conversion, the abstract intervention decision is decomposed into a series of specific and quantified control signals that can be directly executed by the underlying hardware, ensuring that the pile foundation type actuator 100 can accurately spray the appropriate amount of intervention liquid to the specified risk area.

[0076] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0077] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not limiting. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for water and soil conservation of a loess plateau slope, which is applied to a water and soil conservation device for a loess plateau slope, characterized in that the device Comprise: a pile foundation type actuator (100) comprising a screw pile (110) fixed in a slope soil body, a rotary base (120) mounted on the screw pile (110) to realize horizontal rotation, a pitch swing arm (130) hinged on the rotary base (120) to realize pitch movement, and a spray guide pipe (140) fixed on the pitch swing arm (130); an integrated sensing probe (200) comprising a probe shaft (210), a multi-layer water content sensor (220) arranged in layers along the length direction of the probe shaft (210), and a micro rain gauge (230) mounted at the top end of the probe shaft (210); and a central controller (300) communicatively connected with the integrated sensing probe (200) and the pile foundation type actuator (100) respectively, for receiving sensing data and sending control instructions; the rotary base (120) is internally provided with a servo motor, the servo motor drives a hollow rotating column through a transmission mechanism, and the pitch swing arm (130) is hinged at the top end of the rotating column; the spray guide pipe (140) is connected to a liquid supply system through a high-pressure resistant hose, the high-pressure resistant hose penetrates the hollow rotating column upward through a rotating joint arranged in the rotary base (120); the pitch movement of the pitch swing arm (130) is controlled by an electric push rod, the base end of the electric push rod is hinged to the rotary base (120), and the extended end thereof is hinged to the pitch swing arm (130); The method comprises: receiving, by the central controller (300), multi-depth soil water content data and instantaneous rainfall intensity data collected by the integrated sensing probe (200), and combining a preset digital elevation model to generate a global soil moisture field; when a predicted rainfall event is received by the central controller (300), based on the global soil moisture field and inputting the rainfall intensity and duration of the predicted rainfall event, simulating the simulated erosion force of each region of the slope surface, and comparing the simulated erosion force with a preset erosion resistance threshold to determine the erosion risk hotspot; based on the spatial coordinates, risk level, area of the erosion risk hotspot, and the current soil water content extracted from the global soil moisture field, the central controller (300) calculates and generates intervention instructions, and controls the pile foundation type actuator (100) to perform spraying on the erosion risk hotspot; The step of generating a global soil moisture field further comprises: determining whether a crust is formed on the soil surface by comparing the instantaneous rainfall intensity and the surface soil water content change rate obtained by the multi-layer water content sensor (220), and calculating the dynamically changing effective infiltration coefficient accordingly to correct the generation process of the global soil moisture field; The erosion resistance threshold is calibrated by collecting loess samples at representative positions of the slope, conducting erosion tests in the laboratory, and establishing a functional relationship between the water flow shear force and the soil erosion rate.

2. The loess plateau slope water and soil conservation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of generating intervention instructions further comprises: selecting the liquid type for spraying as water or curing agent according to the risk level of the erosion risk hot spot, and adjusting the total amount of liquid spraying according to the reference of the current soil moisture content.

3. The loess plateau slope water and soil conservation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of controlling the pile foundation type actuator (100) to perform spraying further comprises: converting the target coordinates in the intervention instructions into the rotation angle of the rotary base (120) and the inclination angle of the inclination swing arm (130), and converting the total amount and rate of spraying in the intervention instructions into the pumping parameters of the liquid supply system.

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