External damping-adjustable one-way flow shock absorber

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of shock absorbers, in particular to an external damping-adjustable one-way flow shock absorber which comprises a rubber node, a piston rod assembly, a guide assembly, a piston assembly and a bottom valve assembly, the piston assembly is sleeved with a working cylinder, and the outer portion of the guide assembly is in threaded connection with an oil storage cylinder; the bottom of the oil storage cylinder is in threaded connection with an oil storage cylinder base, and an external adjusting valve assembly is installed on the outer wall of the oil storage cylinder base. The external adjusting valve assembly is arranged outside the oil storage cylinder base, the whole shock absorber does not need to be disassembled, online adjustment can be achieved, the workload is reduced, and the service life of the shock absorber is prolonged; through the arrangement of the first one-way valve plate and the second one-way valve plate, the response speed is increased, the damping fine adjustment assembly can adjust the overall hardness of the elastic sleeve through the characteristics of magnetorheological fluid and three sets of electrified coils, and the damping effect of the shock absorber in the using process is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vibration damper technology, specifically to an externally mounted, adjustable-damping unidirectional flow vibration damper. Background Technology

[0002] Hydraulic vibration dampers are key components of the running gear in rail transit vehicles. Their performance directly affects the ride comfort and operational safety of the vehicles. In recent years, with the rapid development of rail vehicle technology in my country, the speed of rail vehicles has been continuously increasing, placing higher demands on the technology of vibration dampers, especially anti-hunting dampers. Tests have shown that when a vehicle's speed exceeds 160 km / h, the vehicle itself will exhibit hunting motion, which increases sharply with speed. If this harmful vibration is not suppressed, it will endanger driving safety. The principle of vibration dampers in suppressing vehicle vibration is based on the circulation of hydraulic fluid within the damper. The opening and closing of the valve system generates damping force, converting the mechanical energy of vehicle vibration into heat energy from the shearing action of the hydraulic fluid, which is then dissipated into the air, thereby suppressing vehicle vibration. During this process, due to the manufacturing precision of the shock absorber itself and the unevenness of the track during vehicle operation, the shock absorber's working process is not a linear reciprocating process. It will bear a certain amount of lateral force, which is detrimental to the sealing of the shock absorber, easily causing uneven wear of the piston rod, and thus causing oil leakage, affecting the shock absorber's performance. At the same time, due to the differences in vehicle models, operating conditions, and load magnitudes, the damping characteristics of the shock absorber will also be inconsistent, requiring targeted adjustment of the damping performance for each type of shock absorber. In traditional shock absorbers, the valve system is located inside the shock absorber cylinder. To adjust the damping force of the shock absorber, the entire shock absorber must be disassembled and the internal valve system components replaced. Replacing the internal valve system carries the risk of damaging other components. Especially for anti-hunting shock absorbers, which are generally large in weight and size, assembly and disassembly are difficult, and the sealing performance and stability are also affected by disassembly, easily leading to oil leakage and reducing the service life of the shock absorber. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an externally adjustable hydraulic shock absorber with good resistance to lateral forces.

[0003] Existing damping valve systems for shock absorbers are mostly located inside the shock absorber cylinder. When adjusting the damping force of the shock absorber, the shock absorber needs to be repeatedly disassembled and the valve system load continuously adjusted to achieve matching of the damping force. This method of damping force adjustment cannot achieve online adjustable damping force. That is, during performance testing, repeated disassembly and testing are required, which is labor-intensive and can easily damage other components, leading to a decrease in product qualification rate.

[0004] In addition, when used on rail transit trains, the shock absorbers on the trains are subject to large temperature differences due to the long-distance transportation, resulting in large changes in damping. It is difficult to make real-time fine adjustments to the damping of the shock absorbers during the operation of the train, which is inconvenient for use on rail trains.

[0005] Furthermore, traditional shock absorbers typically have bidirectional oil flow inside. When subjected to serpentine vibrations, the reciprocating motion of the oil causes a significant change in the direction of force on the seals, affecting their sealing performance and thus reducing the service life of the shock absorber. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an externally mounted, adjustable, unidirectional flow damper that features online adjustment of damping force, eliminates the need for repeated disassembly of the damper, improves the service life of the damper through unidirectional oil flow, allows for fine-tuning of the damper's damping during train operation, and is convenient to use.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an externally damped adjustable unidirectional flow vibration damper, comprising a rubber node, a piston rod assembly, a guide assembly, a piston assembly, and a bottom valve assembly. The piston rod assembly consists of a lifting ring, a dust cover, a connector, a piston rod, and an external sleeve. The bottom end of the piston rod passes through the guide assembly and is threadedly connected to the piston assembly. A working cylinder is sleeved on the outside of the piston assembly. An oil reservoir is threadedly connected to the outside of the guide assembly. An oil reservoir base is threadedly connected to the bottom of the oil reservoir. The bottom valve assembly is mounted on the oil reservoir base. An external adjusting valve assembly is mounted on the outer wall of the oil reservoir base. The outer sleeve is set outside the oil reservoir, the top of the piston rod is connected to the dust cover, the lifting ring is installed on the top of the dust cover, the connector is set at the bottom of the dust cover, and the end of the outer sleeve is set inside the connector and threaded to the inner wall of the connector. A suspended airbag is provided between the working cylinder and the oil reservoir, as well as two sets of oil guide pipes installed between the guide assembly and the oil reservoir base.

[0008] Preferably, the guide assembly consists of a top cover, a guide seat, a high-pressure sealing ring, a composite guide ring, and a skeleton oil seal. The outer side of the top cover is connected to the inner wall of the oil reservoir by a thread. The guide seat is installed at the bottom of the top cover. The skeleton oil seal is located at the connection between the guide seat and the top cover. The composite guide ring is located on the inner wall of the guide seat.

[0009] Preferably, the piston assembly consists of a spring limiting seat, a first one-way valve plate, a piston, and a piston mounting seat. The bottom end of the piston rod is threaded to the piston mounting seat. A stepped groove is provided at the bottom of the piston rod. The spring limiting seat is engaged with the outer surface of the stepped groove. The first one-way valve plate is sleeved on the outside of the spring limiting seat. A support spring is provided at the top of the first one-way valve plate. The top of the support spring abuts against the spring limiting seat. A tapered gap is provided between the piston and the piston mounting seat. An oil passage is provided inside the piston. The bottom of the oil passage is connected to the tapered gap. The bottom of the first one-way valve plate abuts against the top of the oil passage.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom valve assembly is installed in the middle of the interior of the oil reservoir base. The bottom valve assembly consists of a connecting bolt, a second one-way valve plate, a bottom valve, a spring seat, and a bottom valve spring. The bottom valve has two notches, through which the oil guide pipe passes. The spring seat is located inside the bottom valve and is slidably connected to the bottom valve. The connecting bolt is threadedly connected to the spring seat. The bottom valve spring is located between the spring seat and the inner wall of the bottom valve. The second one-way valve plate is located between the top surface of the bottom valve and the connecting bolt.

[0011] Preferably, the bottom valve has oil return holes arranged in a circumferential array, the oil return holes are located directly below the second one-way valve plate, the bottom of the working cylinder is mounted on the surface of the bottom valve assembly, the surface of the bottom valve assembly is provided with a second copper sealing ring, and the bottom end face of the working cylinder abuts against the top of the second copper sealing ring.

[0012] Preferably, the oil reservoir base is provided with an oil guide pipe mounting seat, a through hole, and two sets of oil passage grooves penetrating the outer wall of the oil reservoir base. The bottom of the oil guide pipe is mounted on the oil guide pipe mounting seat, the bottom of the oil guide pipe mounting seat is connected to the oil passage groove, and the oil passage groove is connected to the through hole.

[0013] Preferably, the external regulating valve assembly is located inside the oil passage groove. The external regulating valve assembly consists of a valve pin seat, an external valve body, a valve pin, a valve spring, an adjusting screw, and a protective cover. The oil passage groove is a multi-segment stepped groove with threads. The external valve body is threadedly connected inside the oil passage groove. A threaded insertion hole is provided at the end of the external valve body. The valve pin seat is threadedly connected to the end of the external valve body. The valve pin, valve spring, and adjusting screw are all slidably located inside the valve pin seat. The adjusting screw is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the valve pin seat. A valve spring is provided between the adjusting screw and the valve pin. The valve pin is slidably located inside the external valve body. The end face of the valve pin abuts against the end face of the valve pin seat. The protective cover is located outside the oil reservoir base and is threadedly connected to the tail of the external valve body.

[0014] Preferably, a first channel is provided at the center of the end face of the valve pin seat, a second channel is provided at the center of the end face of the valve pin, the first channel and the second channel are coaxially arranged, a third channel is provided on the outer side wall of the valve pin, and a fourth channel is provided on the external valve body.

[0015] Preferably, the external regulating valve assembly is internally provided with a damping fine-tuning assembly, which consists of an elastic sleeve, a magnetic core, an energized coil, and wiring terminals. The damping fine-tuning assembly is installed inside the adjusting set screw, and the end of the damping fine-tuning assembly abuts against the end of the valve spring.

[0016] Preferably, the elastic sleeve has three sets of magnetorheological fluid chambers inside, which are filled with magnetorheological fluid. The magnetic core and the energized coil are located inside the central cavity of the elastic sleeve. The terminal block is installed outside the elastic sleeve. The energized coil is wound on the magnetic core in three sets, corresponding to the three magnetorheological fluid chambers respectively. An isolation ring is provided between the three sets of energized coils. The tail of the adjusting screw has a hexagonal countersunk hole, and the end of the terminal block is located inside the hexagonal countersunk hole.

[0017] Beneficial effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an externally mounted, adjustable damping unidirectional flow vibration damper, which has the following advantages: 1. This externally mounted, adjustable unidirectional flow damper is installed outside the oil reservoir base via an external adjusting valve assembly. To adjust the damper's damping, simply open the protective cover from the outside, rotate the adjusting screw, and adjust the extension length of the valve spring. This changes the pressure required to open the oil passage of the external adjusting valve assembly, thereby adjusting the damping of the damper. This eliminates the need to disassemble the entire damper, allowing for online adjustment, reducing workload, and extending the damper's service life.

[0018] 2. This externally mounted, adjustable unidirectional flow damper, through the setting of the first and second unidirectional valve plates, makes the piston assembly, bottom valve assembly and all flow in one direction. During use, the oil flow direction inside the damper can be set to one direction, reducing the wear of internal components of the damper and shortening the oil return time, thereby improving the response speed.

[0019] 3. This externally mounted, adjustable unidirectional flow shock absorber, through the setting of the damping fine-tuning assembly, allows for the adjustment of the overall stiffness of the elastic sleeve by utilizing the characteristics of the magnetorheological fluid and three sets of energized coils during use. This, in turn, fine-tunes the elastic potential energy of the valve spring, achieving automatic fine-tuning of the externally mounted adjustment valve assembly. The damping of the shock absorber can be finely adjusted during vehicle operation without stopping the vehicle. This enables the shock absorber to achieve electrically controllable damping adjustment under different temperature conditions during vehicle operation, improving the shock absorption effect during use. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the entire invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal cross-sectional structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the connection structure between the piston assembly, guide assembly, and piston rod of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the piston assembly, guide assembly, bottom valve assembly, and oil reservoir base of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the guide assembly, the external adjusting valve assembly, and the oil reservoir base of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the guide assembly of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the bottom valve assembly and the oil reservoir base of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the bottom valve assembly of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the oil reservoir base of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the oil reservoir base of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the internal cross-sectional structure of the external regulating valve assembly and the damping fine-tuning assembly of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the piston assembly of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional view of the piston assembly of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Rubber joint; 2. Piston rod assembly; 201. Lifting ring; 202. Dust cover; 203. Connector; 204. Piston rod; 205. Outer sleeve; 3. Guide assembly; 301. Dust ring; 302. Top cover; 303. Skeleton oil seal; 304. High-pressure sealing ring; 305. Composite guide ring; 306. First copper sealing ring; 307. Static sealing ring; 308. Pressure ring; 309. Oil drain hole; 310. Oil inlet passage; 311. Mounting hole on oil guide pipe; 312. Guide seat; 4. Piston assembly; 401. Spring limit seat; 402. First one-way valve plate; 403. Piston sealing ring; 404. Piston ring; 405. Piston; 406. Piston mounting seat; 407. Support spring; 408. Oil passage; 5. Bottom valve assembly; 501. Connecting bolt; 502. Sealing ring 503. Second one-way valve plate; 504. Second copper sealing ring; 505. Foot valve; 506. Foot valve sealing ring; 507. Spring seat; 508. Foot valve spring; 6. External regulating valve assembly; 601. Valve pin seat; 6011. First channel; 602. Valve sealing ring; 603. External valve body; 6031. Fourth channel; 604. Valve pin; 6041. Second channel; 6042. Third channel 605. Valve spring; 606. Adjusting screw; 607. End face sealing ring; 608. Adjusting sealing ring; 609. Protective cover; 610. Elastic sleeve; 611. Magnetic core; 612. Energizing coil; 613. Terminal block; 7. Oil reservoir; 8. Oil reservoir base; 801. Lower mounting seat for oil guide pipe; 802. Through hole; 803. Oil channel; 9. Working cylinder; 10. Oil guide pipe; 11. Airbag. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1 For one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 1 to 6 as well as Figure 12 and Figure 13An externally damped adjustable unidirectional flow vibration damper includes a rubber node 1, a piston rod assembly 2, a guide assembly 3, a piston assembly 4, and a bottom valve assembly 5. The piston rod assembly 2 consists of a lifting ring 201, a dust cover 202, a connector 203, a piston rod 204, and an outer sleeve 205. The bottom end of the piston rod 204 passes through the guide assembly 3 and is threadedly connected to the piston assembly 4. A working cylinder 9 is sleeved on the outside of the piston assembly 4. An oil reservoir 7 is threadedly connected to the outside of the guide assembly 3. An oil reservoir base 8 is threadedly connected to the bottom of the oil reservoir 7. The bottom valve assembly 5 is installed on the oil reservoir base 8. An external adjusting valve assembly 6 is installed on the outer wall of the oil reservoir base 8. The outer sleeve 205 is located outside the oil reservoir 7. The top end of the piston rod 204 is connected to the dust cover 202. The lifting ring 201 is installed on the top of the dust cover 202. The connector 203 is located at the bottom of the dust cover 202. The end of the outer sleeve 205 is located inside the connector 203 and is threaded to the inner wall of the connector 203. A suspended airbag 11 is provided between the working cylinder 9 and the oil reservoir 7, as well as two sets of oil guide pipes 10 installed between the guide assembly 3 and the oil reservoir base 8.

[0024] The guide assembly 3 consists of a top cover 302, a guide seat 312, a high-pressure sealing ring 304, a composite guide ring 305, and a skeleton oil seal 303.

[0025] Assembly process: When assembling the shock absorber, install the two rubber nodes 1 on the two lifting rings 201 located at the top of the piston rod assembly 2 and the bottom of the oil reservoir base 8, respectively. Then, install the bottom valve assembly 5 on the top of the oil reservoir base 8, and then install the working cylinder 9 on the bottom valve assembly 5. Install the piston assembly 4 inside the working cylinder 9. Next, install the oil reservoir 7 on the oil reservoir base 8, and place the air bag 11 between the working cylinder 9 and the oil reservoir 7. Then, install the guide assembly 3 on the top of the working cylinder 9 and the oil reservoir 7, and then install... When installing the guide assembly 3, first install the oil guide pipe 10 on the oil reservoir base 8. After the guide assembly 3 is installed, the top of the oil guide pipe 10 is inserted into the guide seat 312. The top cover 302 is threaded onto the inner wall of the oil reservoir 7, so that the top cover 302, the oil reservoir 7 and the oil reservoir base 8 are fixed. Then, the piston rod assembly 2 is installed on the outside of the oil reservoir 7, so that the bottom of the piston rod 204 is connected to the piston assembly 4. The outer sleeve 205 is sleeved on the outside of the oil reservoir 7. Finally, the two sets of external adjusting valve assemblies 6 are installed on the outer wall of the oil reservoir base 8.

[0026] In use, the two rubber nodes 1 connect the vehicle frame and wheel frame respectively. When vibration occurs, the piston rod 204 pushes the piston assembly 4 to move inside the working cylinder 9, squeezing the oil inside the working cylinder 9. The oil, under pressure, enters the oil reservoir base 8 from the working cylinder 9 through the oil guide pipe 10. The oil pressure also impacts the external adjusting valve assembly 6, and the oil enters the oil reservoir 7 through the external adjusting valve assembly 6. The oil passes through the piston assembly 4, the external adjusting valve assembly 6, and the airbag 11, which can buffer the impact force of the vibration and achieve the shock absorption effect. Since the oil is introduced from the working cylinder 9 into the oil reservoir 7, the oil pressure between the working cylinder 9 and the oil reservoir 7 is greater than the pressure inside the oil reservoir 7. Therefore, after the shock absorption is completed, the piston assembly 4 is no longer impacted by the piston rod 204. At this time, the pressure inside the oil reservoir 7 is small, and the oil between the working cylinder 9 and the oil reservoir 7 flows through the bottom valve assembly 5 and back to the bottom of the working cylinder 9, moving the piston assembly 4 to reset.

[0027] The top cover 302 is threaded to the inner wall of the oil reservoir 7. A dustproof ring 301 is installed inside the top cover 302 to prevent external dust from entering. The guide seat 312 is installed at the bottom of the top cover 302. The skeleton oil seal 303 is installed at the connection between the guide seat 312 and the top cover 302. A high-pressure sealing ring 304 is installed on the inner wall of the guide seat 312. The composite guide ring 305 is installed on the inner wall of the guide seat 312. The composite guide ring 305 can protect the guide seat 312 and the top cover 302 when the piston rod 204 moves in the guide assembly 3 and the force is inconsistent with the axial direction of the guide assembly 3. In addition, in conjunction with the high-pressure sealing ring 304, it can prevent the piston rod 204 from causing large wear on the guide seat 312 and the inner wall of the top cover 302, thus preventing oil leakage and improving the sealing protection effect.

[0028] The guide seat 312 is provided with an inclined through-hole 309, an oil inlet passage 310, and an oil guide pipe mounting hole 311. The bottom of the guide seat 312 is engaged with the top of the working cylinder 9, and a first copper sealing ring 306 is provided at the engagement point. The upper end of the oil guide pipe 10 is connected to the oil guide pipe mounting hole 311, and the oil inlet passage 310 is connected to the oil guide pipe mounting hole 311. The oil inlet passage 310 is located inside the working cylinder 9, and the oil guide pipe mounting hole 311 is located outside the working cylinder 9. The top end of the oil drain hole 309 is located outside the skeleton oil seal 303, and the bottom end of the oil drain hole 309 is located outside the working cylinder 9. The oil drain hole 309 is designed to allow the piston rod 204 to be discharged between the top cover 302 and the guide seat 312 when it moves, preventing excessive oil from entering the connection and causing excessive oil pressure that could affect the connection effect.

[0029] In use, the working cylinder 9 is installed outside the oil inlet passage 310. After the damper is subjected to external pressure, the piston rod 204 extends into the working cylinder 9. Since the oil reservoir 7 of the damper and the working cylinder 9 are filled with oil, the oil inside the working cylinder 9 is pressurized, which causes the oil to enter the guide seat 312 through the oil inlet passage 310, and then enter the oil guide pipe 10 through the mounting hole 311 on the oil guide pipe, thereby transferring the pressure inside the working cylinder 9 to the outside of the working cylinder 9.

[0030] The piston assembly 4 consists of a spring limiting seat 401, a first one-way valve plate 402, a piston 405, and a piston mounting seat 406. The bottom end of the piston rod 204 is threadedly connected to the piston mounting seat 406. A stepped groove is formed at the bottom of the piston rod 204. The spring limiting seat 401 is engaged with the outer surface of the stepped groove. The first one-way valve plate 402 is sleeved on the outside of the spring limiting seat 401. A support spring 407 is provided on the top of the first one-way valve plate 402. The top abuts against the spring limit seat 401. A tapered gap is provided between the piston 405 and the piston mounting seat 406. An oil passage 408 is provided inside the piston 405. The bottom of the oil passage 408 is connected to the tapered gap. The bottom of the first one-way valve plate 402 abuts against the top of the oil passage 408. A piston sealing ring 403 and a piston ring 404 are provided on the outside of the piston 405. The piston sealing ring 403 and the piston ring 404 abut against the inner wall of the working cylinder 9.

[0031] In use, the piston assembly 4 is an important component for realizing the one-way flow function. The working principle is as follows: when the piston assembly 4 is subjected to the downward force of the piston rod 204, the oil pressure below the piston assembly 4 increases. The oil will enter the interior of the oil passage 408 through the conical gap and impact the first one-way valve plate 402. When the oil pressure is greater than the pressure of the support spring 407 on the first one-way valve plate 402, the first one-way valve plate 402 will separate from the top of the oil passage 408, so that the oil at the bottom of the piston assembly 4 enters the top of the piston assembly 4, while the oil at the top of the piston assembly 4 is guided into the oil guide pipe 10 due to the entry of the piston rod 204. When the piston assembly 4 is subjected to an upward force from the piston rod 204, the piston assembly 4 moves upward, and the first one-way valve plate 402 does not open. At this time, the oil at the top of the piston assembly 4 enters the oil guide pipe 10 through the guide assembly 3. This ensures that regardless of whether the damper is pressed down or pulled up, the oil enters the oil guide pipe 10 from the top of the piston assembly 4, and then guides the oil from the working cylinder 9 into the oil storage cylinder 7. From the oil storage cylinder 7, the oil re-enters the bottom of the working cylinder 9 piston assembly 4 through the external adjusting valve assembly 6 and the bottom valve assembly 5, achieving a one-way flow effect, reducing uneven impact of the oil on various components, reducing the wear rate, and improving the service life of the damper.

[0032] Example 2 As one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figures 7 to 11 An externally mounted, adjustable damping unidirectional flow vibration damper, based on Embodiment 1, further includes a bottom valve assembly 5 installed in the middle of the interior of the oil reservoir base 8. The bottom valve assembly 5 consists of a connecting bolt 501, a second one-way valve plate 503, a bottom valve 505, a spring seat 507, and a bottom valve spring 508. The connecting bolt 501 and the second one-way valve plate 503 are sealed with a sealing ring 502. The bottom valve 505 has two notches, through which the oil guide pipe 10 passes. The spring seat 507 is located inside the bottom valve 505 and is slidably connected to the bottom valve 505. The connecting bolt 501 is threadedly connected to the spring seat 507, and the bottom valve spring 508 is located on the spring seat 507. Between the bottom valve 505 and the inner wall, the second one-way valve plate 503 is disposed between the top surface of the bottom valve 505 and the connecting bolt 501. The bottom valve 505 is provided with oil return holes arranged in a circumferential array. The oil return holes are located directly below the second one-way valve plate 503. The bottom of the working cylinder 9 is mounted on the surface of the bottom valve assembly 5. The surface of the bottom valve assembly 5 is provided with a second copper sealing ring 504. The bottom end face of the working cylinder 9 abuts against the top of the second copper sealing ring 504. The bottom valve 505 is provided with a bottom valve sealing ring 506. When the bottom valve 505 is installed, the bottom valve 505 abuts against the oil reservoir base 8. At this time, the bottom valve sealing ring 506 is used to seal the middle part of the bottom valve 505. The oil reservoir base 8 is provided with an oil guide pipe mounting seat 801, a through hole 802 and two sets of oil passage grooves 803 that penetrate the outer wall of the oil reservoir base 8. The bottom of the oil guide pipe 10 is mounted on the oil guide pipe mounting seat 801. The bottom of the oil guide pipe mounting seat 801 is connected to the oil passage groove 803 and the oil passage groove 803 is connected to the through hole 802.

[0033] When in use, when the piston rod 204 is subjected to downward pressure and drives the piston assembly 4 to move towards the bottom valve assembly 5, the oil pressure below the piston assembly 4 in the working cylinder 9 is relatively large. Therefore, the pressure on the top of the second one-way valve plate 503 is increased, and the second one-way valve plate 503 will not open, so no oil will enter the working cylinder 9. Only the oil will be discharged from the working cylinder 9 and enter the oil storage cylinder 7, which will increase the oil pressure inside the oil storage cylinder 7. Since the oil storage cylinder 7 is equipped with an air bladder 11, when the oil pressure increases, it is only necessary to squeeze the air bladder 11 to compress the gas, which can reduce the oil pressure inside the oil storage cylinder 7. When the piston rod 204 is pulled upward, causing the piston assembly 4 to move away from the bottom valve assembly 5, the space below the piston assembly 4 increases, causing the oil pressure to drop. Therefore, the high-pressure oil inside the oil reservoir base 8 will press against the second one-way valve plate 503 through the channel on the bottom valve 505. When the pressure difference is greater than the abutting force of the bottom valve spring 508, it can drive the spring seat 507, the connecting bolt 501, and the second one-way valve plate 503 to rise together, opening the second one-way valve plate 503, which can guide the oil inside the oil reservoir 7 into the working cylinder 9, thus realizing the one-way flow of oil in the oil reservoir 7. Furthermore, in conjunction with the first one-way valve plate 402 on the piston assembly 4, the oil can flow in one direction inside the damper. The flow direction is as follows: the oil located at the top of the piston assembly 4 enters the oil guide pipe 10 through the oil inlet passage 310 on the guide assembly 3 and the mounting hole 311 on the guide pipe, and then passes through the oil reservoir base 8 of the oil guide pipe 10. Next, the oil enters the oil reservoir 7 through the external adjustment valve assembly 6. The oil located outside the oil reservoir 7 can only enter the working cylinder 9 below the piston assembly 4 through the second one-way valve plate 503 of the bottom valve assembly 5, while the oil below the piston assembly 4 can only enter the piston assembly 4 above through the first one-way valve plate 402. Through this process, the oil achieves one-way flow.

[0034] An external regulating valve assembly 6 is housed inside an oil passage groove 803. The external regulating valve assembly 6 comprises a valve pin seat 601, an external valve body 603, a valve pin 604, a valve spring 605, an adjusting screw 606, and a protective cover 609. The oil passage groove 803 is a multi-segment stepped groove with threads. The external valve body 603 is threaded into the oil passage groove 803. A threaded insertion hole is provided at the end of the external valve body 603, and the valve pin seat 601 is threadedly connected to the end of the external valve body 603. Valve pin 604, valve spring 605 and adjusting screw 606 are all slidably disposed inside valve pin seat 601. Adjusting screw 606 is threadedly connected to the inner wall of valve pin seat 601. Valve spring 605 is disposed between adjusting screw 606 and valve pin 604. Valve pin 604 is slidably disposed inside external valve body 603. End face of valve pin 604 abuts against end face of valve pin seat 601. Protective cover 609 is disposed outside oil reservoir base 8 and is threadedly connected to the tail of external valve body 603. A first channel 6011 is provided at the center of the end face of the valve pin seat 601, a second channel 6041 is provided at the center of the end face of the valve pin 604, the first channel 6011 and the second channel 6041 are coaxially arranged, a third channel 6042 is provided on the outer side wall of the valve pin 604, and a fourth channel 6031 is provided on the external valve body 603. In addition, when installing the external regulating valve assembly 6, a valve sealing ring 602 is provided at the connection between the valve pin seat 601 and the external valve body 603, and an end face sealing ring 607 is provided at the connection between the external valve body 603 and the outer wall of the oil reservoir base 8. An adjusting sealing ring 608 is provided between the adjusting screw 606 and the external valve body 603. Through multiple sealing rings, the effect of sealing and preventing oil leakage and buffering impact force can be achieved.

[0035] In use, oil is introduced from the working cylinder 9 into the oil passage 803 of the oil reservoir base 8 through the oil guide pipe 10 and the lower mounting base 801. When the impact force of the oil on the valve pin 604 through the first channel 6011 is less than the elastic force of the valve spring 605, the oil passes through the first channel 6011, enters the second channel 6041, and then flows through the third channel 6042 into the interior of the external valve body 603. Finally, the oil is discharged through the fourth channel 6031 and the through hole 802. The oil is discharged from the oil reservoir base 8 and enters the oil reservoir 7. When the impact force of the oil on the valve pin 604 through the first channel 6011 is greater than the elastic force of the valve spring 605, the oil will still push the valve pin 604 away from the valve pin seat 601 after entering the second channel 6041, so that the valve pin 604 and the valve pin seat 601 open a gap. Then the oil can flow outward from the gap and directly enter the oil reservoir 7 through the fourth channel 6031 and the through hole 802.

[0036] When it is necessary to adjust the damping of the shock absorber, the protective cover 609 can be removed, and a hex wrench can be inserted into the tail of the adjusting screw 606. Then, the adjusting screw 606 can be rotated to adjust its position in the external valve body 603. This allows the adjusting valve spring 605 to apply pressure to the valve pin 604, enabling the damping of the shock absorber to be adjusted directly from the outside of the shock absorber. This eliminates the need to remove the shock absorber or completely disassemble it before adjusting the damping, reducing workload and increasing the service life of the shock absorber.

[0037] Example 3 As one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 11 An externally damped adjustable unidirectional flow vibration damper, based on embodiment 2, further includes an external adjusting valve assembly 6 with a damping fine-tuning assembly inside. The damping fine-tuning assembly consists of an elastic sleeve 610, a magnetic core 611, an energized coil 612, and a terminal block 613. The damping fine-tuning assembly is installed inside the adjusting set screw 606, and the end of the damping fine-tuning assembly abuts against the end of the valve spring 605. The elastic sleeve 610 has three sets of magnetorheological fluid chambers inside, which are filled with magnetorheological fluid. The magnetic core 611 and the energized coil 612 are located inside the central cavity of the elastic sleeve 610. The terminal block 613 is installed on the outside of the elastic sleeve 610. The energized coil 612 is wound on the magnetic core 611 in three sets, corresponding to the three magnetorheological fluid chambers respectively. An isolation ring is provided between the three sets of energized coils 612. The tail of the adjusting screw 606 has a hexagonal countersunk hole, and the end of the terminal block 613 is located inside the hexagonal countersunk hole.

[0038] During use, the damping of the shock absorber changes due to the influence of the external ambient temperature, resulting in unstable damping effect. Therefore, a damping fine-tuning assembly is set inside the external adjusting valve assembly 6. The principle is that the fluid properties of the magnetorheological fluid change in a magnetic field. In a low-temperature environment, the damping of the external adjusting valve assembly 6 is small due to the thermal expansion and contraction of the valve spring 605. At this time, the energizing coil 612 can be used to increase the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid inside the elastic sleeve 610 under the magnetic field generated by the magnetic core 611 and the energizing coil 612, which increases the hardness of the elastic sleeve 610. This increases the contact force between the valve spring 605 and the elastic sleeve 610, thereby fine-tuning the damping of the external adjusting valve assembly 6. In addition, since three energizing coils 612 are set, and each segment corresponds to a set of magnetorheological fluid chambers, three-level adjustment can be achieved, thus improving the damping automatic fine-tuning effect.

[0039] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0040] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An externally mounted, adjustable damping unidirectional flow vibration damper, comprising a rubber joint (1), a piston rod assembly (2), a guide assembly (3), a piston assembly (4), and a bottom valve assembly (5), characterized in that: The piston rod assembly (2) consists of a lifting ring (201), a dust cover (202), a connector (203), a piston rod (204), and an outer sleeve (205). The bottom end of the piston rod (204) passes through the guide assembly (3) and is threadedly connected to the piston assembly (4). The piston assembly (4) is fitted with a working cylinder (9). The guide assembly (3) is externally threaded to an oil reservoir (7), the bottom of the oil reservoir (7) is threaded to an oil reservoir base (8), the bottom valve assembly (5) is mounted on the oil reservoir base (8), and an external adjusting valve assembly (6) is mounted on the outer wall of the oil reservoir base (8). The outer sleeve (205) is set outside the oil reservoir (7), the top of the piston rod (204) is connected to the dust cover (202), the lifting ring (201) is installed on the top of the dust cover (202), the connector (203) is set at the bottom of the dust cover (202), and the end of the outer sleeve (205) is set inside the connector (203) and threadedly connected to the inner wall of the connector (203); A suspended airbag (11) is provided between the working cylinder (9) and the oil reservoir (7), and two sets of oil guide pipes (10) are installed between the guide assembly (3) and the oil reservoir base (8).

2. The externally mounted, adjustable damping unidirectional flow vibration damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide assembly (3) consists of a top cover (302), a guide seat (312), a high-pressure sealing ring (304), a composite guide ring (305), and a skeleton oil seal (303). The outer side of the top cover (302) is connected to the inner wall of the oil reservoir (7) by a thread. The guide seat (312) is installed at the bottom of the top cover (302). The skeleton oil seal (303) is located at the connection between the guide seat (312) and the top cover (302). The composite guide ring (305) is located on the inner wall of the guide seat (312).

3. The externally mounted, adjustable damping unidirectional flow vibration damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piston assembly (4) consists of a spring limit seat (401), a first one-way valve plate (402), a piston (405), and a piston mounting seat (406). The bottom end of the piston rod (204) is threadedly connected to the piston mounting seat (406). A stepped groove is provided at the bottom of the piston rod (204). The spring limit seat (401) is engaged with the outer surface of the stepped groove. The first one-way valve plate (402) is sleeved on the outside of the spring limit seat (401). A support spring (407) is provided on the top of the valve plate (402), and the top of the support spring (407) abuts against the spring limit seat (401). A conical gap is provided between the piston (405) and the piston mounting seat (406). An oil passage (408) is provided inside the piston (405), and the bottom of the oil passage (408) is connected to the conical gap. The bottom of the first one-way valve plate (402) abuts against the top of the oil passage (408).

4. The externally mounted, adjustable damping unidirectional flow vibration damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom valve assembly (5) is installed in the middle of the inside of the oil reservoir base (8). The bottom valve assembly (5) consists of a connecting bolt (501), a second one-way valve plate (503), a bottom valve (505), a spring seat (507), and a bottom valve spring (508). The bottom valve (505) has two notches, and the oil guide pipe (10) passes through the notches. The spring seat (507) is located inside the bottom valve (505) and is slidably connected to the bottom valve (505). The connecting bolt (501) is threadedly connected to the spring seat (507). The bottom valve spring (508) is located between the spring seat (507) and the inner wall of the bottom valve (505). The second one-way valve plate (503) is located between the top surface of the bottom valve (505) and the connecting bolt (501).

5. The externally mounted, adjustable damping unidirectional flow vibration damper according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom valve (505) has oil return holes arranged in a circular array. The oil return holes are located directly below the second one-way valve plate (503). The bottom of the working cylinder (9) is mounted on the surface of the bottom valve assembly (5). A second copper sealing ring (504) is provided on the surface of the bottom valve assembly (5). The bottom end face of the working cylinder (9) abuts against the top of the second copper sealing ring (504).

6. The externally mounted, adjustable damping unidirectional flow vibration damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil reservoir base (8) is provided with an oil guide pipe mounting seat (801), a through hole (802) and two sets of oil passage grooves (803) that penetrate the outer wall of the oil reservoir base (8). The bottom of the oil guide pipe (10) is mounted on the oil guide pipe mounting seat (801). The bottom of the oil guide pipe mounting seat (801) is connected to the oil passage groove (803), and the oil passage groove (803) is connected to the through hole (802).

7. The externally mounted, adjustable damping unidirectional flow vibration damper according to claim 6, characterized in that: An external regulating valve assembly (6) is located inside an oil passage groove (803). The external regulating valve assembly (6) consists of a valve pin seat (601), an external valve body (603), a valve pin (604), a valve spring (605), an adjusting screw (606), and a protective cover (609). The oil passage groove (803) is a multi-stage stepped groove, and threads are provided on the oil passage groove (803). The external valve body (603) is threadedly connected to the inside of the oil passage groove (803). A threaded insertion hole is provided at the end of the external valve body (603). The valve pin seat (601) is threadedly connected to the end of the external valve body (603). The pin (604), valve spring (605) and adjusting screw (606) are all slidably disposed inside the valve pin seat (601). The adjusting screw (606) is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the valve pin seat (601). The valve spring (605) is disposed between the adjusting screw (606) and the valve pin (604). The valve pin (604) is slidably disposed inside the external valve body (603). The end face of the valve pin (604) abuts against the end face of the valve pin seat (601). The protective cover (609) is disposed outside the oil reservoir base (8), and the protective cover (609) is threadedly connected to the tail of the external valve body (603).

8. The externally mounted, adjustable damping unidirectional flow vibration damper according to claim 7, characterized in that: A first channel (6011) is provided at the center of the end face of the valve pin seat (601), a second channel (6041) is provided at the center of the end face of the valve pin (604), the first channel (6011) and the second channel (6041) are coaxially arranged, a third channel (6042) is provided on the outer side wall of the valve pin (604), and a fourth channel (6031) is provided on the external valve body (603).

9. The externally mounted, adjustable damping unidirectional flow vibration damper according to claim 8, characterized in that: The external regulating valve assembly (6) is equipped with a damping fine adjustment assembly, which consists of an elastic sleeve (610), a magnetic core (611), an energized coil (612), and a terminal block (613). The damping fine adjustment assembly is installed inside the adjusting set screw (606), and the end of the damping fine adjustment assembly abuts against the end of the valve spring (605).

10. An externally mounted, adjustable damping unidirectional flow vibration damper according to claim 9, characterized in that: The elastic sleeve (610) has three sets of magnetorheological fluid chambers inside, which are filled with magnetorheological fluid. The magnetic core (611) and the energized coil (612) are located inside the central cavity of the elastic sleeve (610). The terminal block (613) is installed on the outside of the elastic sleeve (610). The energized coil (612) is wound on the magnetic core (611) in three sets, corresponding to the three magnetorheological fluid chambers respectively. An isolation ring is provided between the three sets of energized coils (612). The tail of the adjusting screw (606) is provided with a hexagonal countersunk hole. The end of the terminal block (613) is located inside the hexagonal countersunk hole.

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