Axial loading device for ball screw pair

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of transmission pair testing, and particularly relates to a ball screw pair axial loading device which comprises a testing table and a screw unit, the screw unit comprises a mounting frame and a ball screw assembly mounted in the mounting frame, the ball screw assembly is used for driving the testing table to horizontally move along the mounting frame, and the ball screw pair axial loading device further comprises a bottom plate, a clamping mechanism and a clamping mechanism, the bottom plate is mounted at the top of the test board, and a control mainboard is mounted at the bottom of the bottom plate; and the axial loading unit is mounted on the side wall of the bottom plate and is used for applying an axial acting force to the test board. The temperature of the ball screw during working can be simulated in advance, scraps can be removed, the accuracy of axial testing is improved, axial loading force can be applied from two directions, the comprehensiveness of axial loading testing is improved, meanwhile, the working stability of the ball screw in a vibration environment can be simulated, and the working efficiency of the ball screw is improved. And the working effect and the reliability are judged from double directions of vibration and displacement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of transmission pair testing technology, and in particular relates to an axial loading device for ball screw pairs. Background Technology

[0002] In the manufacturing equipment for new energy vehicle charging piles, ball screw pairs are used to drive precision moving parts such as housing stamping dies and electrode assembly robotic arms. Their transmission accuracy directly affects the plug-in and plug-out life and safety of the charging pile interface. Since the ball screw pairs need to withstand axial forces such as stamping loads and assembly impacts during the manufacturing process, and the temperature rise generated during long-term operation will lead to the decay of preload, it is necessary to conduct load tests on the ball screw pairs to verify whether they meet the usage requirements.

[0003] Currently, when a ball screw pair is working, the worktable generally moves along the axis of the ball screw. Therefore, during testing, an axial load is usually applied to the ball screw pair, such as the ball screw pair axial loading device disclosed in patent publication number CN105372061B, to test its displacement accuracy under axial loading. Because ball screw pairs often require frequent, high-speed reciprocating movements during operation, their surface temperature rises due to friction and other factors. This increased temperature causes the lubricating oil on the screw surface to become viscous, reducing lubrication performance and affecting the displacement accuracy of the screw nut. Existing load testing devices mostly only perform axial load tests at room temperature, failing to simulate the actual working temperature environment of the ball screw pair. This leads to discrepancies between test results and real-world conditions, failing to accurately reflect the impact of high temperatures on lubrication performance, material thermal expansion, and transmission accuracy. Consequently, temperature-related factors can cause problems such as decreased accuracy and shortened lifespan during actual operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the above-mentioned problems by providing an axial loading device for ball screw pairs.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an axial loading device for a ball screw pair, comprising a test bench and a screw unit, wherein the screw unit includes a mounting frame and a ball screw assembly mounted inside the mounting frame, the ball screw assembly being used to drive the test bench to move horizontally along the mounting frame, and further comprising: A base plate is installed on top of the test bench, and a control motherboard is installed on the bottom of the base plate; An axial loading unit is installed on the side wall of the base plate, and the axial loading unit is used to apply an axial force to the test bench; A heating simulation unit is installed at the bottom of the base plate, and the heating simulation unit is used to deliver hot airflow to the ball screw assembly; A vibration simulation mechanism is installed at the bottom of the test bench, and the heating simulation unit applies vibration force to the test bench through the vibration simulation mechanism; A vibration monitoring unit is installed on the top of the test bench, and the vibration monitoring unit is used to monitor the vibration frequency and amplitude of the test bench; A displacement monitoring mechanism is installed on top of the test bench and the mounting frame, and the displacement monitoring mechanism is used to monitor the displacement of the test bench.

[0006] Preferably, the axial loading unit includes side plates fixedly installed on two opposite side walls of the base plate, and hydraulic cylinders are fixedly inserted into the side walls of both side plates. Both hydraulic cylinders are located below the mounting frame, and pressure plates are fixedly installed on the movable ends of both hydraulic cylinders. Frame holes matching the pressure plates are opened on both sides of the end face of the test platform, and both pressure plates are slidably disposed inside the frame holes on the same side. Pressure detectors are fixedly connected to both side walls of the pressure plates, and pressure plates are fixedly installed on the measuring ends of both pressure detectors. The pressure detectors and hydraulic cylinders are electrically connected to the control main board.

[0007] Preferably, the heating simulation unit includes a mounting cover fixedly installed on the bottom of a base plate. An air cavity is formed inside the base plate, and the mounting cover is connected to the air cavity. An electric heater is fixedly installed inside the mounting cover. An air pump is fixedly installed at the bottom of the mounting cover, and the output end of the air pump is connected to the inside of the mounting cover. Multiple conical jet holes are formed on the upper wall of the air cavity, and the inlet diameter of each conical jet hole is larger than the outlet diameter. Each conical jet hole is located directly below the ball screw assembly. The electric heater and the air pump are electrically connected to the control main board.

[0008] Preferably, the vibration simulation mechanism includes a U-shaped frame fixedly installed at the bottom of the test bench, the ball screw assembly's screw being located inside the U-shaped frame, a sealing plate being provided below the U-shaped frame and positioned above the conical air jet hole, a movable frame being fixedly installed on the end face of the sealing plate and slidably connected to the horizontal part of the U-shaped frame, a set of impact balls being fixedly installed on the top of the movable frame, a set of elastic rods being fixedly installed at the bottom of the test bench, and a ball to be impacted being fixedly installed at the bottom of each elastic rod, the ball to be impacted being positioned directly above the impact ball on the same side, and a pulse exhaust assembly being provided inside the air chamber.

[0009] Preferably, the vibration monitoring unit includes a fixing block fixedly installed on the top of the test bench, and a groove column fixedly installed on the top of the fixing block. A hollow soft sleeve is fixedly installed inside the groove column, and a hanging ball is fixedly installed at the bottom of the hollow soft sleeve. The hanging ball has a light-transmitting hole communicating with the hollow soft sleeve. The fixing block and the groove column together install a light detection component.

[0010] Preferably, the displacement monitoring mechanism includes a reflective follower block fixedly installed on the top of the test bench, a support block installed on one side of the top of the mounting frame, and a laser ranging probe fixedly inserted into the side wall of the support block. The laser ranging probe is used to detect the distance between the reflective follower block and the laser ranging probe, and the laser ranging probe is electrically connected to the control motherboard.

[0011] Preferably, the pulse exhaust assembly includes a strip-shaped sealing plate slidably disposed inside the air chamber. The strip-shaped sealing plate is used to seal the conical jet hole. Electromagnetic suction rods are fixedly inserted into both sides of the upper cavity wall of the air chamber, and the movable ends of the two electromagnetic suction rods are fixedly connected to the end face of the strip-shaped sealing plate. The electromagnetic suction rods are electrically connected to the control main board.

[0012] Preferably, the optical inspection component includes a spotlight fixedly installed on the top of the fixed block, and the spotlight is coaxial with the light-transmitting hole. The top of the slot column is provided with a mounting hole that communicates with the hollow soft sleeve, and a photoelectric switch is installed on the top of the mounting hole. Both the photoelectric switch and the spotlight are electrically connected to the control motherboard.

[0013] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of a ball screw axial loading device are: 1. By coordinating the test bench, base plate, control motherboard, and heating simulation unit, the ball screw can be heated by hot airflow before the axial loading test of the ball screw unit. This allows for a pre-simulation of the working temperature of the ball screw. At the same time, the airflow can remove any debris or other impurities that may remain in the ball screw groove, which helps improve the accuracy of subsequent axial tests.

[0014] 2. By cooperating with the axial loading unit and displacement monitoring mechanism, axial load can be applied to the ball screw assembly, and axial load can be applied from two directions, thereby improving the comprehensiveness of the axial loading test of the ball screw assembly.

[0015] 3. Through the vibration simulation mechanism, the airflow generated by the heating simulation unit can be used to simulate the vibration of the ball screw during the axial test of the ball screw, thereby simulating the working stability of the ball screw under axial loading in a vibration environment.

[0016] 4. By using the vibration monitoring unit, the vibration force applied to the test bench by the vibration simulation mechanism and the vibration force generated when the ball screw is working can be used to detect the vibration frequency and amplitude of the ball screw assembly during the test. Thus, the overall reliability of the ball screw assembly can be judged from the vibration direction. Combined with the displacement variable monitored by the displacement monitoring mechanism, the working effect of the ball screw assembly can be judged from two directions. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an axial loading device for a ball screw pair provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of an axial loading device for a ball screw pair provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the base plate of the ball screw pair axial loading device provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a side view of the base plate of the ball screw pair axial loading device provided by the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the slot column of an axial loading device for a ball screw pair provided by the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1 Test bench, 2 Lead screw unit, 21 Mounting frame, 22 Ball screw assembly, 3 Base plate, 4 Control main board, 5 Axial loading unit, 51 Side plate, 52 Hydraulic cylinder, 53 Pressure plate, 54 Frame hole, 55 Pressure detector, 56 Pressure plate, 6 Heating simulation unit, 61 Mounting cover, 62 Air chamber, 63 Electric heater, 64 Air pump, 65 Conical jet nozzle, 7 Vibration simulation mechanism, 71 U-shaped frame, 72 Sealing plate, 73 Movable frame, 74 Impact ball, 75 Elastic rod, 76 Impacted ball, 8 Vibration monitoring unit, 81 Fixed block, 82 Groove column, 83 Hollow soft sleeve, 84 Hanging ball, 85 Light transmission hole, 9 Displacement monitoring mechanism, 91 Reflective follower block, 92 Support block, 93 Laser ranging probe, 10 Pulse exhaust assembly, 101 Strip sealing plate, 102 Electromagnetic suction rod, 11 Optical detection assembly, 111 Spotlight, 112 Mounting hole, 113 Photoelectric switch. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0020] like Figures 1-5As shown, an axial loading device for a ball screw pair includes a test bench 1 and a screw unit 2. The screw unit 2 includes a mounting frame 21 and a ball screw assembly 22 installed inside the mounting frame 21. The ball screw assembly 22 is used to drive the test bench 1 to move horizontally along the mounting frame 21. The device also includes a base plate 3, which is mounted on the top of the test bench 1. A control main board 4 is mounted on the bottom of the base plate 3. An axial loading unit 5 is mounted on the side wall of the base plate 3 and is used to apply an axial force to the test bench 1. The axial loading unit 5 includes side plates 51 fixedly mounted on two opposite side walls of the base plate 3, and both side plates 51 have side walls that are... Two hydraulic cylinders 52 are fixedly connected to the test bench 1. Both hydraulic cylinders 52 are located below the mounting frame 21. The movable ends of the two hydraulic cylinders 52 are fixedly mounted with pressure plates 53. The end face of the test bench 1 has frame holes 54 that match the pressure plates 53 on both sides. The two pressure plates 53 are slidably disposed inside the frame holes 54 on the same side. Pressure detectors 55 are fixedly connected to the two side walls of the pressure plates 53. The pressure measuring ends of the two pressure detectors 55 are fixedly mounted with pressure plates 56. The pressure detectors 55 and the hydraulic cylinders 52 are electrically connected to the control main board 4. The pressure detectors 55 can convert the pressure into an electrical signal and feed it back to the control main board 4.

[0021] The heating simulation unit 6 is installed at the bottom of the base plate 3. The heating simulation unit 6 is used to deliver hot air to the ball screw assembly 22. The heating simulation unit 6 includes a mounting cover 61 fixedly installed at the bottom of the base plate 3. An air chamber 62 is opened inside the base plate 3, and the mounting cover 61 is connected to the air chamber 62. An electric heater 63 is fixedly installed inside the mounting cover 61. An air pump 64 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the mounting cover 61, and the output end of the air pump 64 is connected to the inside of the mounting cover 61. Multiple conical jet holes 65 are opened on the upper cavity wall of the air chamber 62, and the inlet diameter of each conical jet hole 65 is larger than the outlet diameter. Each conical jet hole 65 is located directly below the ball screw assembly 22. The electric heater 63 and the air pump 64 are electrically connected to the control main board 4. The heating temperature of the electric heater 63 can be set by the control main board 4, and generally does not exceed 60°C.

[0022] The vibration simulation mechanism 7 is installed at the bottom of the test bench 1. The heating simulation unit 6 applies vibration force to the test bench 1 through the vibration simulation mechanism 7. The vibration simulation mechanism 7 includes a U-shaped frame 71 fixedly installed at the bottom of the test bench 1. The screw of the ball screw assembly 22 is located inside the U-shaped frame 71. A sealing plate 72 is provided below the U-shaped frame 71 and is positioned above the conical jet hole 65. A movable frame 73 is fixedly installed on the end face of the sealing plate 72 and is slidably connected to the horizontal part of the U-shaped frame 71. A set of impact balls 74 is fixedly installed on the top of the movable frame 73. A set of elastic rods 75 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the test bench 1, and a ball to be impacted 76 is fixedly installed on the bottom of each elastic rod 75. The balls to be impacted 76 are arranged in the same... Directly above the side impact ball 74, the air chamber 62 is equipped with a pulse exhaust assembly 10. The pulse exhaust assembly 10 includes a strip sealing plate 101 slidably disposed inside the air chamber 62. The strip sealing plate 101 is used to seal the conical jet hole 65. Electromagnetic suction rods 102 are fixedly inserted into both sides of the upper cavity wall of the air chamber 62, and the movable ends of the two electromagnetic suction rods 102 are fixedly connected to the end face of the strip sealing plate 101. The electromagnetic suction rods 102 are electrically connected to the control main board 4. The electromagnetic suction rods 102 include components such as a cylinder, a rod, a permanent magnet, an electromagnetic component, and an elastic component. When the electromagnetic component is energized, it will attract the permanent magnet, thereby driving the rod to move upward. When the electromagnetic component is de-energized, the rod will move back to its original position away from the electromagnetic component under the action of the elastic component.

[0023] A vibration monitoring unit 8 is installed on the top of the test bench 1. The vibration monitoring unit 8 is used to monitor the vibration frequency and amplitude of the test bench 1. The vibration monitoring unit 8 includes a fixing block 81 fixedly installed on the top of the test bench 1, and a grooved column 82 fixedly installed on the top of the fixing block 81. A hollow soft sleeve 83 is fixedly installed inside the grooved column 82, and a hanging ball 84 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the hollow soft sleeve 83. The hanging ball 84 has a light-transmitting hole 85 communicating with the hollow soft sleeve 83. The fixing block 81 and the grooved column 82... A light detection assembly 11 is installed together. The light detection assembly 11 includes a spotlight 111 fixedly installed on the top of the fixed block 81. The spotlight 111 is coaxial with the light-transmitting hole 85. The top of the slot column 82 is provided with a mounting hole 112 that communicates with the hollow soft sleeve 83. A photoelectric switch 113 is installed on the top of the mounting hole 112. Both the photoelectric switch 113 and the spotlight 111 are electrically connected to the control main board 4. The photoelectric switch 113 can convert the light signal into an electrical signal and feed it back to the control main board 4.

[0024] The displacement monitoring mechanism 9 is installed on the top of the test bench 1 and the mounting frame 21. The displacement monitoring mechanism 9 is used to monitor the displacement of the test bench 1. The displacement monitoring mechanism 9 includes a reflective follower block 91 fixedly installed on the top of the test bench 1. A support block 92 is installed on one side of the top of the mounting frame 21, and a laser ranging probe 93 is fixedly inserted into the side wall of the support block 92. The laser ranging probe 93 is used to detect the distance between the reflective follower block 91 and the laser ranging probe 93. The laser ranging probe 93 is electrically connected to the control main board 4. The laser ranging probe 93 can measure the distance between the laser ranging probe 93 and the reflective follower block 91 by emitting a laser and calculating the time required to receive the reflected laser.

[0025] The operating principle of this invention is explained as follows: Before testing the ball screw assembly 22, the computer starts the control motherboard 4. After the control motherboard 4 starts, it first controls the air pump 64 and the heater 63 to start working, and then controls the ball screw assembly 22 and the two hydraulic cylinders 52 to start working. When the ball screw assembly 22 is working, it drives the test bench 1 to move horizontally along the mounting frame 21, while the hydraulic cylinders 52 drive the two pressure plates 53 to move in the same direction and at the same speed as the test bench 1. At this time, the ball screw of the ball screw assembly 22 will start to rotate, and when the air pump 64 is working, it will deliver external airflow to the air chamber 6. Inside the 2nd section, when the electric heater 63 is working, it heats the airflow (the working temperature of the electric heater 63 is 60℃). The heated airflow is ejected through various jet holes. Since the ball screw of the ball screw assembly 22 is rotating at this time, the hot airflow will blow the surface of the ball screw around the entire circumference. On the one hand, the airflow can blow away any impurities that may exist in the ball screw groove, preventing impurities from affecting the normal movement of the nut. On the other hand, the hot airflow can heat the ball screw of the ball screw assembly 22 to about 50℃, simulating its working temperature, which helps to improve the accuracy of subsequent axial loading tests. After the test bench 1 moves back and forth from the mounting frame 21, the control board 4, according to the program, first controls the two hydraulic cylinders 52 to stop working, and then controls the ball screw assembly 22 to continue driving the test bench 1 to start moving. Since the pressure plate 53 has not moved at this time, the frame hole 54 of the test bench 1 will abut against the pressure plate 56 on one side, and apply pressure to the pressure detector 55 through the pressure plate 56. After the pressure detector 55 detects that the pressure has reached the threshold, it will immediately send an electrical signal back to the control board 4. At this time, the control board 4 controls the hydraulic cylinder 52 to work again, and the hydraulic cylinder 52 will drive the pressure to increase. The plate 53 moves in the same direction as the test bench 1, causing the test bench 1 to experience axial resistance during movement. At the same time, the pressure plate 53 can be accelerated by the hydraulic cylinder 52 while the test bench 1 is moving, thereby applying a thrust to the test bench 1. Therefore, the axial loading unit 5 can apply resistance or thrust to the test bench 1, and it can also apply resistance or thrust to the test bench 1 when the test bench 1 moves in the opposite direction, improving the comprehensiveness of the axial loading test of the ball screw assembly 22 (the detection mode of the axial ball screw assembly 22 can be preset by controlling the main board 4 according to the actual test requirements). During the movement of the test bench 1, the control motherboard 4 controls the laser ranging probe 93 to work. The laser ranging probe 93 emits a laser to the reflective follower block 91 and calculates the time required to receive the reflected laser, thereby measuring the position of the support block 92. The displacement of the support block 92 can be used to determine whether the displacement of the test bench 1 matches the expectation, and thus determine whether the ball screw assembly 22 meets the usage requirements in the axial loading test. (The laser ranging probe 93 feeds the distance information back to the control motherboard 4 in real time, and the control motherboard 4 outputs the data to the computer. After processing by the computer software, the corresponding linear displacement is displayed on the computer. By comparing it with the standard linear displacement, the result can be quickly obtained. The standard linear displacement is the linear displacement measured by a qualified ball screw assembly 22 under the same conditions.) During the axial load test on the test bench 1, the control motherboard 4 controls the two electromagnetic suction rods 102 to operate at a frequency of energizing for 2 seconds and de-energizing for 1 second. When the electromagnetic suction rods 102 are energized, the strip sealing plate 101 moves upward and abuts against the upper cavity wall of the air chamber 62. At this time, the strip sealing plate 101 blocks the conical jet hole 65, and the air pump 64 delivers air into the air chamber 62, which cannot be discharged, increasing the air pressure inside the air chamber 62. When the electromagnetic suction rods 102 are de-energized, the strip sealing plate 101 moves downward under the action of the elastic element inside the electromagnetic suction rods 102. At this time, the conical jet hole 65 opens, and the high-pressure airflow inside the air chamber 62 is ejected through the conical jet hole 65. At this time, the sealing plate 72 is pushed upward by the airflow, and the sealing plate 72 drives the impact ball 74 upward through the movable frame 73. The impact ball 74 strikes the impacted ball 76. Due to the spherical sliding action between ball 74 and the ball 76 being struck, the elastic rod 75 bends to one side. After the electromagnetic suction rod 102 is energized, the sealing plate 72 returns to its original position under its own weight due to the disappearance of airflow. At this time, the elastic rod 75 rebounds. Under the bending and rebounding action of the elastic rod 75, and the impact of the ball 74 on the ball 76 being struck, the ball 76 will vibrate. The vibration force will be transmitted to the test platform 1 through the U-shaped frame 71. The vibration force is transmitted to the ball screw assembly 22 through the test platform 1, thereby simulating the vibration environment and testing the working stability of the ball screw assembly 22 under the vibration environment (because the nut of the ball screw assembly 22 will be subjected to increased load during actual operation, the vibration generated by the motor operation and the vibration generated by the load displacement will affect the working stability of the ball screw assembly 22. Therefore, by simulating the vibration environment, the accuracy of the test results can be improved). Secondly, when the test bench 1 is subjected to vibration, the vibration will be transmitted to the fixed block 81 and the slot column 82. The suspended ball 84, which is suspended inside the slot column 82 by the hollow soft sleeve 83, will sway. When the suspended ball 84 is not swaying, the light emitted by the spotlight 111 will be transmitted to the photoelectric switch 113 through the light-transmitting hole 85, the hollow soft sleeve 83, and the mounting hole 112. The photoelectric switch 113 will convert the light signal into an electrical signal and feed it back to the control motherboard 4. After receiving the light signal, the control motherboard 4 will start timing through its own timing module. When the suspended ball 84 sways significantly, because the suspended ball 84 and the hollow soft sleeve 83 are misaligned with the spotlight 111, the photoelectric switch 113 cannot receive the light signal. Therefore, the control motherboard 4 will pause timing, and the ball screw assembly 22 will operate. When stability is high, the connection between the test bench 1 and the ball screw assembly 22 is relatively stable. At this time, the suspended ball 84 will only shake due to the vibration generated by the elastic rod 75 and the impacted ball 76. Therefore, the amplitude and frequency of the shaking are low. However, when the working stability of the ball screw assembly 22 is poor, the test bench 1 will not only be affected by the vibration generated by the elastic rod 75 and the impacted ball 76, but will also vibrate due to the instability of the ball screw assembly 22. Therefore, the shaking amplitude and frequency of the suspended ball 84 are high. In this state, the timing time of the control motherboard 4 is short. Therefore, by controlling the timing time of the motherboard 4, the working stability of the ball screw assembly 22 can be roughly judged. Combined with the laser ranging method, the working performance of the ball screw assembly 22 can be judged through dual detection.

[0026] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An axial loading device for a ball screw pair, comprising a test bench (1) and a screw unit (2), wherein the screw unit (2) includes a mounting frame (21) and a ball screw assembly (22) mounted inside the mounting frame (21), the ball screw assembly (22) being used to drive the test bench (1) to move horizontally along the mounting frame (21), characterized in that, Also includes: The base plate (3) is installed on the top of the test bench (1), and the control motherboard (4) is installed on the bottom of the base plate (3). An axial loading unit (5) is installed on the side wall of the base plate (3) and is used to apply an axial force to the test bench (1). A heating simulation unit (6) is installed at the bottom of the base plate (3) and is used to deliver hot airflow to the ball screw assembly (22); A vibration simulation mechanism (7) is installed at the bottom of the test bench (1), and the heating simulation unit (6) applies vibration force to the test bench (1) through the vibration simulation mechanism (7); A vibration monitoring unit (8) is installed on the top of the test bench (1). The vibration monitoring unit (8) is used to monitor the vibration frequency and amplitude of the test bench (1). A displacement monitoring mechanism (9) is installed on top of the test bench (1) and the mounting frame (21). The displacement monitoring mechanism (9) is used to monitor the displacement of the test bench (1).

2. The axial loading device for a ball screw pair according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axial loading unit (5) includes two side plates (51) fixedly installed on opposite side walls of the base plate (3), and hydraulic cylinders (52) are fixedly inserted into the side walls of the two side plates (51). The two hydraulic cylinders (52) are both located below the mounting frame (21). Pressure plates (53) are fixedly installed on the movable ends of the two hydraulic cylinders (52). The end face of the test bench (1) is provided with frame holes (54) that match the pressure plates (53). The two pressure plates (53) are slidably installed inside the frame holes (54) on the same side. Pressure detectors (55) are fixedly connected to the two side walls of the pressure plates (53). Pressure plates (56) are fixedly installed on the pressure measuring ends of the two pressure detectors (55). The pressure detectors (55) and the hydraulic cylinders (52) are electrically connected to the control main board (4).

3. The axial loading device for a ball screw pair according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating simulation unit (6) includes a mounting cover (61) fixedly installed at the bottom of the base plate (3). The base plate (3) has an air chamber (62) inside, and the mounting cover (61) is connected to the air chamber (62). An electric heater (63) is fixedly installed inside the mounting cover (61). An air pump (64) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the mounting cover (61), and the output end of the air pump (64) is connected to the inside of the mounting cover (61). The upper cavity wall of the air chamber (62) has multiple conical jet holes (65), and the inlet diameter of each conical jet hole (65) is larger than the outlet diameter. Each conical jet hole (65) is located directly below the ball screw assembly (22). The electric heater (63) and the air pump (64) are electrically connected to the control main board (4).

4. The axial loading device for a ball screw pair according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vibration simulation mechanism (7) includes a U-shaped frame (71) fixedly installed at the bottom of the test bench (1). The screw of the ball screw assembly (22) is located inside the U-shaped frame (71). A sealing plate (72) is provided below the U-shaped frame (71), and the sealing plate (72) is located above the conical jet hole (65). A movable frame (73) is fixedly installed on the end face of the sealing plate (72), and the movable frame (73) is slidably connected to the horizontal part of the U-shaped frame (71). A set of impact balls (74) is fixedly installed on the top of the movable frame (73). A set of elastic rods (75) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the test bench (1), and a ball to be impacted (76) is fixedly installed at the bottom of each elastic rod (75). The ball to be impacted (76) is located directly above the ball to be impacted (74) on the same side. A pulse exhaust assembly (10) is provided inside the air chamber (62).

5. The axial loading device for a ball screw pair according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration monitoring unit (8) includes a fixing block (81) fixedly installed on the top of the test bench (1), and a groove column (82) fixedly installed on the top of the fixing block (81). A hollow soft sleeve (83) is fixedly installed inside the groove column (82), and a hanging ball (84) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the hollow soft sleeve (83). The hanging ball (84) has a light-transmitting hole (85) that communicates with the hollow soft sleeve (83). The fixing block (81) and the groove column (82) are jointly equipped with a light detection component (11).

6. The axial loading device for a ball screw pair according to claim 1, characterized in that, The displacement monitoring mechanism (9) includes a reflective follower block (91) fixedly installed on the top of the test bench (1). A support block (92) is installed on one side of the top of the mounting frame (21), and a laser ranging probe (93) is fixedly inserted into the side wall of the support block (92). The laser ranging probe (93) is used to detect the distance between the reflective follower block (91) and the laser ranging probe (93). The laser ranging probe (93) is electrically connected to the control motherboard (4).

7. The axial loading device for a ball screw pair according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pulse exhaust assembly (10) includes a strip sealing plate (101) slidably disposed inside the air chamber (62). The strip sealing plate (101) is used to seal the conical jet hole (65). Electromagnetic suction rods (102) are fixedly inserted into both sides of the upper cavity wall of the air chamber (62), and the movable ends of the two electromagnetic suction rods (102) are fixedly connected to the end face of the strip sealing plate (101). The electromagnetic suction rods (102) are electrically connected to the control main board (4).

8. The axial loading device for a ball screw pair according to claim 5, characterized in that, The optical detection component (11) includes a spotlight (111) fixedly installed on the top of the fixed block (81), and the spotlight (111) is coaxial with the light-transmitting hole (85). The top of the slot column (82) is provided with a mounting hole (112) that communicates with the hollow soft sleeve (83), and a photoelectric switch (113) is installed on the top of the mounting hole (112). The photoelectric switch (113) and the spotlight (111) are both electrically connected to the control motherboard (4).

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