Bidirectional conversion digital power supply with dynamically configurable working curve

Abstract

The invention provides a bidirectional conversion digital power supply capable of dynamically configuring a working curve, and relates to the technical field of digital power supply application, and the bidirectional conversion digital power supply provided by the invention comprises a processor, a memory and a conversion circuit; the processor is used for responding to an instruction sent by the upper computer, the instruction is used for indicating the bidirectional conversion digital power supply to operate in a target working mode, a target working curve corresponding to the target working mode is obtained from the memory, and the target working mode is one of a plurality of working modes; and the processor is also used for controlling the conversion circuit to convert the input of the external power supply, so that the output of the conversion circuit meets a target working curve corresponding to the target working mode. According to the invention, the working curve can be dynamically adjusted according to the requirements of different application scenes so as to realize diversified functions and meet the use requirements in different use scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of digital power supply application technology, and in particular to a bidirectional conversion digital power supply with dynamically configurable operating curves. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of digital power supply application systems, with the rapid development of new energy and energy storage technologies, increasingly higher demands are being placed on the multifunctionality and adaptability of digital power supplies. As a core component for energy conversion and management, digital power supplies need to achieve precise voltage and current regulation, as well as bidirectional energy flow, in different scenarios. This makes it increasingly difficult for traditional fixed-configuration digital power supplies to meet complex and ever-changing application needs, thus highlighting the technical challenges of digital power supplies in terms of flexibility and multi-scenario adaptability.

[0003] Currently, there are two main technological directions in the market to improve the functionality of digital power supplies. One is a digital power supply that uses an MCU to control PWM, adjusting the output by controlling the pulse width modulation signal through a microprocessor; the other is a digital power supply with a single topology, relying on a fixed circuit topology to achieve specific energy conversion functions, such as only being able to achieve unidirectional boost or unidirectional buck.

[0004] However, the aforementioned existing technical solutions have obvious limitations, namely, the configuration architecture is relatively fixed, which results in a relatively simple working mode of the digital power supply, greatly limiting the applicable scenarios, lacking flexibility, and being unable to dynamically adjust the working curve to achieve diversified functions according to the needs of different application scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a bidirectional digital power supply with a dynamically configurable operating curve, which can dynamically adjust the operating curve according to the needs of different application scenarios to achieve diverse functions and meet the usage requirements of different application scenarios.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention adopt the following technical solutions: Firstly, a bidirectional digital power supply with dynamically configurable operating curves is provided. The bidirectional digital power supply includes a processor, a memory, and a conversion circuit. The processor is connected to both the memory and the conversion circuit, and the conversion circuit is connected to an external power supply. The memory pre-stores operating curves corresponding to multiple operating modes. Each operating curve includes an operating voltage, an operating current, and a conversion direction, including forward buck or reverse boost. The processor is used to respond to instructions sent by a host computer, which instruct the bidirectional digital power supply to operate in a target operating mode and retrieve the target operating curve corresponding to the target operating mode from the memory. The target operating mode is one of multiple operating modes. The processor is also used to control the conversion circuit to convert the input of the external power supply so that the output of the conversion circuit satisfies the target operating curve corresponding to the target operating mode.

[0007] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The bidirectional digital power supply provided by this invention includes a processor, a memory, and a conversion circuit. The memory pre-stores operating curves for multiple operating modes (including operating voltage, current, and conversion direction of forward buck / reverse boost). The processor can respond to instructions to call the target operating curve and control the output of the conversion circuit, realizing dynamic configuration and bidirectional conversion functions of the operating curve. This design breaks through the limitation of fixed operating modes in traditional power supplies, enabling the power supply to flexibly switch operating states according to different scenario requirements. Through the preset and calling of multiple operating curves, the adaptability of the power supply in diverse application scenarios is significantly improved, laying the foundation for subsequent implementation of complex energy conversion needs.

[0008] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the conversion circuit is a four-switch MOSFET topology conversion circuit, wherein the four-switch MOSFET topology conversion circuit uses SiC MOSFETs and is constructed by building a buck-boost circuit through four switching MOSFETs.

[0009] The bidirectional converter digital power supply provided by this invention employs a four-switch MOSFET topology buck-boost circuit using SiC MOSFETs. Due to the high frequency, high efficiency, and high temperature resistance of SiC MOSFETs, the four-switch topology can stably achieve bidirectional buck-boost conversion. Compared to traditional MOSFETs or unidirectional converter circuits, this invention not only improves the switching frequency and energy conversion efficiency of the converter circuit, but also enhances the stability and reliability of bidirectional conversion, reduces energy loss, and widens the operating voltage range of the power supply, enabling it to operate efficiently even in high-power, wide-voltage scenarios.

[0010] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the bidirectional conversion digital power supply further includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which is connected to both the processor and the conversion circuit. The ADC is used to: acquire the actual operating curve of the conversion circuit, wherein the actual operating curve includes actual voltage, actual current, and actual conversion direction; and send the actual operating curve of the conversion circuit to the processor. The processor is further used to: determine the difference between the target operating curve and the actual operating curve; if the difference is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, determine an adjustment operating curve corresponding to the target operating mode based on the difference; control the conversion circuit to convert the input of the external power supply according to the adjustment operating curve, so that the difference between the target operating curve and the actual operating curve of the conversion circuit is less than the preset threshold; and update the target operating curve corresponding to the target operating mode stored in the memory according to the adjustment operating curve corresponding to the target operating mode.

[0011] The bidirectional digital power supply provided by this invention introduces an analog-to-digital converter to acquire the actual operating curve in real time. The processor compares the difference between the target curve and the actual operating curve, adjusts the operating curve and updates the storage when the value exceeds a threshold, forming a closed-loop control. This mechanism achieves real-time dynamic calibration of the operating curve, avoiding output deviations caused by external interference, component aging, etc., ensuring that the power supply output remains stable within the target range, improving the power supply's control accuracy and anti-interference capability, and extending the service life of the power supply and related equipment.

[0012] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, before the processor responds to the instructions sent by the host computer, the processor is further configured to: receive working curves corresponding to multiple working modes sent by the host computer; and store the working curves corresponding to the multiple working modes in memory.

[0013] The bidirectional digital power supply provided by this invention can receive and store multiple operating mode curves sent by a host computer before responding to commands. Users can flexibly define new operating modes and curves through the host computer according to actual needs. This function enhances the customizability of the power supply, making it convenient for users to quickly adapt different operating curves according to different application scenarios (such as photovoltaics, energy storage, industrial control, etc.), reducing the threshold for using the power supply and the cost of secondary development.

[0014] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the operating curve further includes a maximum current point, a minimum voltage point, and a maximum voltage point. The processor is further configured to: control the conversion circuit to convert the input of the external power supply when the actual current is greater than or equal to the maximum current point, the actual voltage is less than the minimum voltage point, or the actual voltage is greater than the maximum voltage point in the actual operating curve of the conversion circuit, so that the actual current included in the actual operating curve of the conversion circuit is less than the maximum current point, and the actual voltage is greater than or equal to the minimum voltage point and less than or equal to the maximum voltage point.

[0015] The bidirectional digital power supply provided by this invention effectively avoids device damage caused by overcurrent, overvoltage, or undervoltage by monitoring and actively adjusting the thresholds of current and voltage. This significantly improves the safety and reliability of the power supply, ensures the stable operation of associated equipment, and reduces downtime due to malfunctions.

[0016] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, multiple operating modes include an MPPT mode. In the MPPT mode, the operating curve further includes a maximum power threshold and a mode switching voltage threshold. The processor is configured to: respond to a first instruction sent by a host computer, the first instruction instructing the bidirectional conversion digital power supply to operate in MPPT mode; retrieve the target operating curve corresponding to the MPPT mode from memory, the target operating curve being calculated based on the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic panel, including the initial operating voltage, initial operating current, conversion direction, and maximum current point; control the conversion circuit to operate in constant current mode, and switch to constant voltage mode when the output voltage reaches the mode switching voltage threshold; when switched to constant voltage mode, acquire the actual operating curve of the conversion circuit in real time through an analog-to-digital converter to determine the instantaneous power of the conversion circuit; when the instantaneous power of the conversion circuit is less than the maximum power threshold, determine the adjustment operating curve corresponding to the MPPT mode; control the conversion circuit to convert the input of the external power supply according to the adjustment operating curve corresponding to the MPPT mode, so that the instantaneous power of the conversion circuit is greater than or equal to the maximum power threshold; and update the target operating curve corresponding to the MPPT mode stored in memory according to the adjustment operating curve corresponding to the MPPT mode.

[0017] The bidirectional digital power supply provided by this invention is designed for MPPT mode. By setting a maximum power threshold and a mode switching voltage threshold, the processor can first operate at a constant current until the switching voltage is reached, and then switch to constant voltage. The operating curve is adjusted based on instantaneous power to approximate the maximum power. This effectively optimizes the energy harvesting efficiency of photovoltaic systems. By dynamically tracking the maximum power point, it solves the problem of power fluctuations caused by changes in sunlight and temperature, ensuring the photovoltaic system always operates in its optimal state. Compared to power supplies with fixed parameters, this significantly improves the utilization rate of solar energy.

[0018] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, in MPPT mode, the processor is further configured to: control the conversion circuit to reduce the output power when the actual voltage in the actual operating curve exceeds the maximum voltage point or the actual current exceeds the maximum current point, until the actual operating curve returns to the range of protection parameters.

[0019] The bidirectional digital power supply provided by this invention supplements the protection logic for reducing output power during overvoltage and overcurrent in MPPT mode. When the photovoltaic panel output is abnormal, this invention can quickly respond and limit the power output, avoiding power overload or damage caused by sudden changes in photovoltaic panel voltage / current. At the same time, it prevents abnormal energy from impacting back-end equipment, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the MPPT system and reducing maintenance costs.

[0020] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, multiple operating modes include a charge / discharge management mode. In the charge / discharge management mode, the operating curve further includes an undervoltage buffer voltage threshold, a constant current fast charging current threshold, a trickle charging current threshold, and a mode switching current threshold. The processor is configured to: respond to a second instruction sent by the host computer, the second instruction being configured to instruct the bidirectional conversion digital power supply to operate in the charge / discharge management mode; retrieve the target operating curve corresponding to the charge / discharge management mode from the memory, the target operating curve including the operating voltage, operating current, and conversion direction corresponding to the undervoltage buffer stage, the constant current fast charging stage, and the trickle charging stage; and control the conversion circuit to operate sequentially according to the operating curves of the undervoltage buffer stage, the constant current fast charging stage, and the trickle charging stage, so that the output of the conversion circuit satisfies the operating voltage, operating current, and conversion direction corresponding to the undervoltage buffer stage, the constant current fast charging stage, and the trickle charging stage.

[0021] The processor in the bidirectional digital power supply provided by this invention can operate sequentially in stages. This design provides fine-grained control over battery charging and discharging characteristics. The undervoltage buffer stage avoids large current surges when the battery is low-voltage, the constant-current fast charging stage improves charging efficiency, and the trickle charging stage ensures the battery is fully charged without overcharging. Compared to traditional single-stage charging modes, this design extends battery life while balancing charging speed and safety.

[0022] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, in the charge / discharge management mode, the processor is also used to: during the undervoltage buffer phase, when the actual voltage in the actual operating curve is lower than the minimum voltage point, control the conversion circuit to stop charging and issue an undervoltage alarm until the actual voltage recovers to above the minimum voltage point.

[0023] The bidirectional digital power supply provided by this invention supplements the undervoltage buffer stage of the charge / discharge management mode with undervoltage protection logic. When the actual voltage drops below the minimum voltage point, charging is stopped and an alarm is triggered. This method can prevent performance degradation or permanent damage to the battery due to over-discharge in undervoltage scenarios. At the same time, the alarm function promptly reminds the user to handle abnormalities, ensuring the battery's cycle life and improving the reliability of the charge / discharge system.

[0024] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, multiple operating modes include a bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode. In the bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode, the operating curve also includes a constant voltage mode voltage threshold, a constant current mode current threshold, and a direction switching trigger condition. The processor is further configured to: respond to a third instruction sent by a host computer, the third instruction being used to instruct the bidirectional conversion digital power supply to operate in the bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode; retrieve the target operating curve corresponding to the bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode from memory, the target operating curve corresponding to the bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode including the conversion direction of forward buck or reverse boost, the operating voltage and operating current in the corresponding direction; control the conversion circuit to achieve energy transfer in constant voltage mode or constant current mode according to the target operating curve corresponding to the bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode; obtain the actual operating curve of the conversion circuit through an analog-to-digital converter; when the actual operating curve of the conversion circuit meets the direction switching trigger condition, adjust the conversion direction and switch to reverse energy transfer; update and store the adjusted conversion direction and corresponding operating voltage and operating current in the memory to the target operating curve corresponding to the bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode.

[0025] The bidirectional digital power supply provided by this invention is designed for bidirectional DC-DC conversion. The processor can adjust the conversion direction and update the stored operating curve when the actual operating curve meets the switching conditions. This enables bidirectional reversible energy transfer, and the operating curve is automatically updated during direction switching. Compared to traditional unidirectional DC-DC converters, this not only broadens the application scenarios of the power supply (such as charging and discharging switching in energy storage systems and bidirectional energy feedback), but also ensures a smooth and stable direction switching process, reducing energy loss and voltage fluctuations during switching and improving the system's energy utilization efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a bidirectional conversion digital power supply with dynamically configurable operating curves, as shown in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another bidirectional conversion digital power supply with dynamically configurable operating curves, as shown in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, " / " indicates that the objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. For example, A / B can represent A or B. The "or" in the present invention is merely a description of the relationship between the related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. A and B can be singular or plural. Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" refers to two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items.

[0028] Furthermore, to facilitate a clear description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used in the embodiments of the present invention to distinguish identical or similar items with essentially the same function and effect. Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity or execution order, and that the terms "first" and "second" are not necessarily different.

[0029] In this embodiment of the invention, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in this embodiment of the invention should not be construed as superior or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner for ease of understanding.

[0030] In the field of digital power supply application systems, with the rapid development of new energy and energy storage technologies, increasingly higher demands are being placed on the multifunctionality and adaptability of digital power supplies. As a core component for energy conversion and management, digital power supplies need to achieve precise voltage and current regulation, as well as bidirectional energy flow, in different scenarios. This makes it increasingly difficult for traditional fixed-configuration digital power supplies to meet complex and ever-changing application needs, thus highlighting the technical challenges of digital power supplies in terms of flexibility and multi-scenario adaptability.

[0031] Currently, there are two main technological directions in the market to improve the functionality of digital power supplies. One is a digital power supply that uses an MCU to control PWM, adjusting the output by controlling the pulse width modulation signal through a microprocessor; the other is a digital power supply with a single topology, relying on a fixed circuit topology to achieve specific energy conversion functions, such as only being able to achieve unidirectional boost or unidirectional buck.

[0032] However, the aforementioned existing technical solutions have obvious limitations, namely, the configuration architecture is relatively fixed, which results in a relatively simple working mode of the digital power supply, greatly limiting the applicable scenarios, lacking flexibility, and being unable to dynamically adjust the working curve to achieve diversified functions according to the needs of different application scenarios.

[0033] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a bidirectional conversion digital power supply with dynamically configurable operating curves. The bidirectional conversion digital power supply includes a processor, a memory, and a conversion circuit. The processor is connected to both the memory and the conversion circuit, and the conversion circuit is connected to an external power supply. The memory pre-stores operating curves corresponding to multiple operating modes. Each operating curve includes an operating voltage, an operating current, and a conversion direction, including forward buck or reverse boost. The processor is used to respond to instructions sent by a host computer, which instruct the bidirectional conversion digital power supply to operate in a target operating mode. The processor retrieves the target operating curve corresponding to the target operating mode from the memory. The target operating mode is one of multiple operating modes. The processor is also used to control the conversion circuit to convert the input of the external power supply so that the output of the conversion circuit satisfies the target operating curve corresponding to the target operating mode.

[0034] The bidirectional digital power supply provided by this invention includes a processor, a memory, and a conversion circuit. The memory pre-stores operating curves for multiple operating modes, and the processor can respond to instructions to call the target operating curve and control the output of the conversion circuit, realizing dynamic configuration and bidirectional conversion of operating curves. This design breaks through the limitations of traditional power supplies with fixed operating modes, enabling the power supply to flexibly switch operating states according to different scenario requirements. Through the preset and calling of multiple operating curves, the adaptability of the power supply in diverse application scenarios is significantly improved, laying the foundation for subsequent implementation of complex energy conversion needs.

[0035] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 , Figure 1This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a bidirectional digital power supply with dynamically configurable operating curves, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The bidirectional digital power supply 100 includes a processor 110, a memory 120, and a conversion circuit 130. The processor 110 is connected to both the memory 120 and the conversion circuit 130, and the conversion circuit 130 is connected to an external power supply. The memory 120 pre-stores operating curves corresponding to multiple operating modes. Each operating curve includes operating voltage, operating current, and conversion direction, including forward buck or reverse boost. The processor 110 responds to instructions sent by a host computer, which instruct the bidirectional digital power supply 100 to operate in a target operating mode. It retrieves the target operating curve corresponding to the target operating mode from the memory 120. The target operating mode is one of multiple operating modes. The processor 110 also controls the conversion circuit 130 to convert the input of the external power supply so that the output of the conversion circuit 130 satisfies the target operating curve corresponding to the target operating mode.

[0036] Specifically, processor 110 is a microprocessor, such as a DSP, FPGA, or ARM, primarily used for digital power supply operation control and operating curve acquisition. Among them, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) is a microprocessor focused on rapidly processing digital signals, adept at real-time computation of continuously changing signals. In digital power supplies, it can efficiently handle dynamic changes in parameters such as voltage and current, ensuring rapid response of control algorithms. An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a chip whose internal logic units can be configured through programming. It features strong parallel processing capabilities and high real-time performance, flexibly implementing complex power supply control logic and timing management to adapt to the driving requirements of different conversion circuits. An ARM (Advanced Reduced Instruction Set Machine) is a type of microprocessor using a reduced instruction set, combining high performance and low power consumption. It is suitable for running operating systems and complex control programs, and can coordinate comprehensive management tasks such as overall digital power supply operating mode switching, parameter storage, and communication with the host computer.

[0037] The memory 120 is a non-volatile memory used to store the working curves corresponding to multiple working modes.

[0038] The bidirectional digital power supply 100 provided by this invention includes a processor 110, a memory 120, and a conversion circuit 130. The memory 120 pre-stores operating curves for multiple operating modes (including operating voltage, current, and conversion direction of forward buck / reverse boost). The processor 110 can respond to instructions to call the target operating curve and control the output of the conversion circuit 130, realizing dynamic configuration and bidirectional conversion functions of the operating curves. This design breaks through the limitation of fixed operating modes in traditional power supplies, enabling the power supply to flexibly switch operating states according to different scenario requirements. Through the preset and calling of multiple operating curves, the adaptability of the power supply in diverse application scenarios is significantly improved, laying the foundation for subsequent implementation of complex energy conversion needs.

[0039] In some embodiments, the conversion circuit 130 is a four-switch MOSFET topology conversion circuit, wherein the four-switch MOSFET topology conversion circuit uses SiC MOSFETs and forms a buck-boost circuit by building four switch MOSFETs.

[0040] Specifically, the conversion circuit 130 uses silicon carbide metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (SiC MOSFETs) as switching devices. Four such switching MOSFETs are used to construct a buck-boost circuit capable of both buck and boost functions, thus enabling bidirectional conversion. The circuit can perform forward buck or reverse boost operations as needed. In other words, the conversion circuit 130 uses SiC MOSFETs and a buck-boost circuit built with four switching MOSFETs to achieve bidirectional digital power conversion: boost / buck.

[0041] The bidirectional digital power supply 100 provided by this invention adopts a four-switch MOSFET topology buck-boost circuit using SiC MOSFETs. Due to the high frequency, high efficiency, and high temperature resistance of SiC MOSFETs, the four-switch topology can stably achieve bidirectional buck-boost conversion. Compared to traditional MOSFETs or unidirectional conversion circuits 130, this invention not only improves the switching frequency and energy conversion efficiency of the conversion circuit 130, but also enhances the stability and reliability of bidirectional conversion, reduces energy loss, and widens the operating voltage range of the power supply, enabling it to operate efficiently even in high-power, wide-voltage scenarios.

[0042] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 The bidirectional digital power supply 100 also includes an analog-to-digital converter 140, which is connected to the processor 110 and the conversion circuit 130. The analog-to-digital converter 140 is used to: acquire the actual operating curve of the conversion circuit 130, wherein the actual operating curve includes the actual voltage, actual current and actual conversion direction; and send the actual operating curve of the conversion circuit 130 to the processor 110. The processor 110 is also used to: determine the difference between the target operating curve and the actual operating curve; if the difference is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, determine the adjustment operating curve corresponding to the target operating mode based on the difference; control the conversion circuit 130 to convert the input of the external power supply according to the adjustment operating curve, so that the difference between the target operating curve and the actual operating curve of the conversion circuit 130 is less than the preset threshold; and update the target operating curve corresponding to the target operating mode stored in the memory 120 according to the adjustment operating curve corresponding to the target operating mode.

[0043] In one example, the voltage threshold is ±5% of the rating and the current threshold is ±10% of the rating.

[0044] The bidirectional digital power supply 100 provided by this invention introduces an analog-to-digital converter 140 to acquire the actual operating curve in real time. The processor 110 compares the difference between the target and actual operating curves, adjusts the operating curve and updates the stored data when the value exceeds a threshold, forming a closed-loop control. This mechanism achieves real-time dynamic calibration of the operating curve, avoiding output deviations caused by external interference, device aging, etc., ensuring that the power supply output remains stable within the target range, improving the power supply's control accuracy and anti-interference capability, and extending the service life of the power supply and related equipment.

[0045] In some embodiments, before the processor 110 responds to the instructions sent by the host computer, the processor 110 is further configured to: receive working curves corresponding to multiple working modes sent by the host computer; and store the working curves corresponding to the multiple working modes in the memory 120.

[0046] The bidirectional digital power supply 100 provided by this invention can receive and store operating curves for multiple operating modes sent by a host computer before responding to commands. Users can flexibly define new operating modes and operating curves through the host computer according to actual needs. This function enhances the customizability of the power supply, making it convenient for users to quickly adapt different operating curves according to different application scenarios (such as photovoltaics, energy storage, industrial control, etc.), reducing the threshold for using the power supply and the cost of secondary development.

[0047] In some embodiments, the operating curve also includes a maximum current point, a minimum voltage point, and a maximum voltage point. The processor 110 is further configured to: control the conversion circuit 130 to convert the input of the external power supply when the actual current is greater than or equal to the maximum current point, the actual voltage is less than the minimum voltage point, or the actual voltage is greater than the maximum voltage point in the actual operating curve of the conversion circuit 130, so that the actual current included in the actual operating curve of the conversion circuit 130 is less than the maximum current point, and the actual voltage is greater than or equal to the minimum voltage point and less than or equal to the maximum voltage point.

[0048] The bidirectional digital power supply 100 provided by this invention effectively avoids device damage caused by overcurrent, overvoltage or undervoltage by monitoring and actively adjusting the thresholds of current and voltage, significantly improving the safety and reliability of the power supply, ensuring the stable operation of associated equipment and reducing downtime due to failure.

[0049] The following example will be used to explain the working process of the bidirectional conversion digital power supply 100 provided by the present invention.

[0050] First, the processor 110 analyzes the characteristics of the digital power supply application and selects the corresponding operating mode. This can be a single operating mode, such as constant voltage or constant current, or multiple modes, such as constant voltage to constant current conversion. The processor 110 stores the operating curves (one or more) of each mode of the digital power supply system in the FLASH memory via the host computer. After the system is powered on, the processor 110 reads the selected operating curve stored in the FLASH memory and operates according to the curve. The processor 110 acquires the operating curve of the digital power supply through the ADC to confirm the operating status. The processor 110 adjusts the operating curve according to the parameters acquired in real time, determines the optimal operating condition curve, and stores it in the FLASH memory.

[0051] In some embodiments, multiple operating modes include an MPPT mode. In MPPT mode, the operating curve further includes a maximum power threshold and a mode switching voltage threshold. The processor 110 is configured to: respond to a first instruction sent by a host computer, the first instruction being used to instruct the bidirectional conversion digital power supply 100 to operate in MPPT mode; retrieve the target operating curve corresponding to the MPPT mode from the memory 120, the target operating curve being calculated based on the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic panel, including the initial operating voltage, initial operating current, conversion direction, and maximum current point; control the conversion circuit 130 to operate in constant current mode, and switch modes when the output voltage reaches the mode switching voltage threshold. Switch to constant voltage mode; when switching to constant voltage mode, the actual operating curve of the conversion circuit 130 is acquired in real time through the analog-to-digital converter 140 to determine the instantaneous power of the conversion circuit 130; when the instantaneous power of the conversion circuit 130 is less than the maximum power threshold, the adjustment operating curve corresponding to the MPPT mode is determined; according to the adjustment operating curve corresponding to the MPPT mode, the conversion circuit 130 is controlled to convert the input of the external power supply so that the instantaneous power of the conversion circuit 130 is greater than or equal to the maximum power threshold; the target operating curve corresponding to the MPPT mode stored in the memory 120 is updated according to the adjustment operating curve corresponding to the MPPT mode.

[0052] Specifically, MPPT, or Maximum Power Point Tracking, is a technology commonly used in wind turbines and photovoltaic solar systems. It's a key technology for achieving maximum power output by dynamically adjusting the load of a photovoltaic system. Photovoltaic cells output maximum power when the load resistance equals their internal resistance (i.e., the resistance matching point). The MPPT control system operates in constant current mode, adjusting the output voltage in real time to keep the system's operating point always close to its maximum power point.

[0053] For example, in the MPPT mode, the processor 110 is used to: measure the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic panel and calculate the initial operating voltage based on the open-circuit voltage; set the photovoltaic panel operating curve: operating voltage, operating current, maximum current threshold, etc.; operate according to the curve: charge to the predetermined voltage in constant current mode; switch to constant voltage mode, and the current gradually decreases; calculate the instantaneous power in real time to realize MPPT.

[0054] The bidirectional digital power supply 100 provided by this invention, designed for MPPT mode, allows the processor 110 to operate at a constant current until the switching voltage is reached, and then switch to constant voltage after setting a maximum power threshold and a mode switching voltage threshold. The operating curve is adjusted based on instantaneous power to approximate the maximum power. This effectively optimizes the energy harvesting efficiency of the photovoltaic system. By dynamically tracking the maximum power point, it solves the problem of power fluctuations caused by changes in sunlight and temperature, ensuring the photovoltaic system always operates in its optimal state. Compared to power supplies with fixed parameters, this significantly improves the utilization rate of solar energy.

[0055] In one possible implementation, in MPPT mode, the processor 110 is also used to: control the conversion circuit 130 to reduce the output power when the actual voltage in the actual operating curve exceeds the maximum voltage point or the actual current exceeds the maximum current point, until the actual operating curve returns to the protection parameter range.

[0056] The bidirectional digital power supply 100 provided by this invention supplements the protection logic for reducing output power during overvoltage and overcurrent in MPPT mode. When the photovoltaic panel output is abnormal, this invention can quickly respond and limit the power output, avoiding power overload or damage caused by sudden changes in photovoltaic panel voltage / current, while preventing abnormal energy from impacting back-end equipment, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the MPPT system and reducing maintenance costs.

[0057] In some embodiments, multiple operating modes include a charge / discharge management mode. In the charge / discharge management mode, the operating curve further includes an undervoltage buffer voltage threshold, a constant current fast charging current threshold, a trickle charging current threshold, and a mode switching current threshold. The processor 110 is configured to: respond to a second instruction sent by the host computer, the second instruction being configured to instruct the bidirectional conversion digital power supply 100 to operate in the charge / discharge management mode; retrieve the target operating curve corresponding to the charge / discharge management mode from the memory 120; the target operating curve includes the operating voltage, operating current, and conversion direction corresponding to the undervoltage buffer stage, the constant current fast charging stage, and the trickle charging stage; and control the conversion circuit 130 to operate sequentially according to the operating curves of the undervoltage buffer stage, the constant current fast charging stage, and the trickle charging stage, so that the output of the conversion circuit 130 satisfies the operating voltage, operating current, and conversion direction corresponding to the undervoltage buffer stage, the constant current fast charging stage, and the trickle charging stage.

[0058] Specifically, common digital power supply charging and discharging management uses a three-stage charging control strategy: undervoltage buffering, constant current fast charging, and trickle charging. By precisely regulating voltage and current in stages, it balances charging efficiency with battery safety protection.

[0059] For example, when the operating mode is the charge / discharge management mode, the processor 110 is used to: select the operating mode involved in the operation of the digital power supply; receive the operating curves of the digital power supply in the undervoltage buffer stage, constant current fast charging stage and trickle charging stage: operating voltage, operating current, current threshold, voltage threshold, undervoltage protection threshold, etc.; control the conversion circuit to operate according to the curve; and adjust the operating curve and update the operating curve parameters stored in the memory 120 according to the usage.

[0060] The processor 110 in the bidirectional digital power supply 100 provided by this invention can operate sequentially in stages. This design provides fine-grained control over the battery charging and discharging characteristics. The undervoltage buffer stage avoids large current surges when the battery is low-voltage, the constant current fast charging stage improves charging efficiency, and the trickle charging stage ensures the battery is fully charged without overcharging. Compared to the traditional single-stage charging mode, this design extends battery life while balancing charging speed and safety.

[0061] In some embodiments, in charge / discharge management mode, processor 110 is further configured to: during the undervoltage buffering phase, when the actual voltage in the actual operating curve is lower than the minimum voltage point, control the conversion circuit 130 to stop charging and issue an undervoltage alarm until the actual voltage recovers to above the minimum voltage point.

[0062] The bidirectional digital power supply 100 provided by this invention supplements the undervoltage buffer stage of the charge / discharge management mode with undervoltage protection logic. When the actual voltage is lower than the minimum voltage point, charging is stopped and an alarm is triggered. This method can prevent battery performance degradation or permanent damage caused by over-discharge in undervoltage scenarios. At the same time, the alarm function promptly reminds the user to handle abnormalities, ensuring the battery's cycle life and improving the reliability of the charge / discharge system.

[0063] In some embodiments, multiple operating modes include a bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode. In the bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode, the operating curve also includes a constant voltage mode voltage threshold, a constant current mode current threshold, and a direction switching trigger condition. The processor 110 is further configured to: respond to a third instruction sent by a host computer, the third instruction being used to instruct the bidirectional conversion digital power supply 100 to operate in the bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode; obtain the target operating curve corresponding to the bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode from the memory 120, the target operating curve corresponding to the bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode including the conversion direction of forward buck or reverse boost, the operating voltage and operating current in the corresponding direction; control the conversion circuit 130 to realize energy transfer in constant voltage mode or constant current mode according to the target operating curve corresponding to the bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode; obtain the actual operating curve of the conversion circuit 130 through the analog-to-digital converter; when the actual operating curve of the conversion circuit 130 meets the direction switching trigger condition, adjust the conversion direction and switch to reverse energy transfer; update and store the adjusted conversion direction and corresponding operating voltage and operating current in the memory 120 to the target operating curve corresponding to the bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode.

[0064] Specifically, a digital power bidirectional DC-DC converter is actually a power electronic device that supports bidirectional flow of electrical energy. By digitally controlling the on / off sequence of switching devices such as MOSFETs, it realizes bidirectional energy transfer (forward buck and reverse boost) in constant voltage (CV) and constant current (CC) modes.

[0065] For example, when the operating mode is bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode, the processor 110 is used to: select the operating mode involved in the operation of the digital power supply; receive the operating curve of the digital power supply in each mode: conversion direction, operating voltage, operating current, current threshold, voltage threshold, etc.; control the conversion circuit to operate according to the curve; and adjust the operating curve and update the operating curve parameters stored in FLASH according to the usage.

[0066] The bidirectional digital power supply 100 provided by this invention is designed for bidirectional DC-DC conversion. The processor 110 can adjust the conversion direction and update the stored parameters when the actual parameters meet the switching conditions. This enables bidirectional reversible energy transfer, and the parameters are automatically updated during direction switching. Compared to traditional unidirectional DC-DC converters, this not only broadens the application scenarios of the power supply (such as charging and discharging switching in energy storage systems and bidirectional energy feedback), but also ensures a smooth and stable direction switching process, reduces energy loss and voltage fluctuations during switching, and improves the system's energy utilization efficiency.

[0067] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bidirectional digital power supply with dynamically configurable operating curves, characterized in that, The bidirectional conversion digital power supply includes a processor, a memory, and a conversion circuit; The processor is connected to the memory and the conversion circuit respectively, and the conversion circuit is connected to an external power supply; the memory pre-stores multiple working curves corresponding to multiple working modes, and the working curves include working voltage, working current and conversion direction, and the conversion direction includes forward buck or reverse boost. The processor is used to respond to instructions sent by the host computer, the instructions being used to instruct the bidirectional conversion digital power supply to operate in a target working mode, and to retrieve the target working curve corresponding to the target working mode from the memory, wherein the target working mode is one of the plurality of working modes; The processor is also used to control the conversion circuit to convert the input of the external power supply so that the output of the conversion circuit meets the target operating curve corresponding to the target operating mode.

2. The bidirectional conversion digital power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conversion circuit is a four-switch MOSFET topology conversion circuit, wherein the four-switch MOSFET topology conversion circuit uses SiC MOSFETs and forms a buck-boost circuit by building four switch MOSFETs.

3. The bidirectional conversion digital power supply according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bidirectional conversion digital power supply also includes an analog-to-digital converter, which is connected to the processor and the conversion circuit respectively. The analog-to-digital converter is used for: Obtain the actual operating curve of the conversion circuit, wherein the actual operating curve includes the actual voltage, actual current and actual conversion direction; The actual operating curve of the conversion circuit is sent to the processor; The processor is also used for: Determine the difference between the target working curve and the actual working curve; If the difference is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the adjustment curve corresponding to the target working mode is determined based on the difference. The conversion circuit is controlled to convert the input of the external power supply according to the adjusted working curve, so that the difference between the target working curve and the actual working curve of the conversion circuit is less than a preset threshold. The target operating curve corresponding to the target operating mode is updated in the memory according to the adjustment operating curve corresponding to the target operating mode.

4. The bidirectional conversion digital power supply according to claim 3, characterized in that, Before the processor is configured to respond to instructions sent by the host computer, the processor is further configured to: Receive working curves corresponding to multiple working modes sent by the host computer; The working curves corresponding to the multiple working modes are stored in the memory.

5. The bidirectional conversion digital power supply according to claim 4, characterized in that, The operating curve also includes the maximum current point, the minimum voltage point, and the maximum voltage point; the processor is further configured to: In the actual operating curve of the conversion circuit, if the actual current is greater than or equal to the maximum current point, the actual voltage is less than the minimum voltage point, or the actual voltage is greater than the maximum voltage point, the conversion circuit is controlled to convert the input of the external power supply so that the actual operating curve of the conversion circuit includes an actual current less than the maximum current point and an actual voltage greater than or equal to the minimum voltage point and less than or equal to the maximum voltage point.

6. The bidirectional conversion digital power supply according to claim 5, characterized in that, The multiple operating modes include the MPPT mode, and in the MPPT mode, the operating curve also includes a maximum power threshold and a mode switching voltage threshold; The processor is used for: In response to a first instruction sent by the host computer, the first instruction is used to instruct the bidirectional conversion digital power supply to operate in MPPT mode, and to retrieve the target operating curve corresponding to the MPPT mode from the memory. The target operating curve is calculated based on the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic panel and includes the initial operating voltage, initial operating current, conversion direction and maximum current point. The conversion circuit is controlled to operate in constant current mode, and when the output voltage reaches the mode switching voltage threshold, it switches to constant voltage mode. When switching to constant voltage mode, the actual operating curve of the conversion circuit is obtained in real time through an analog-to-digital converter to determine the instantaneous power of the conversion circuit; When the instantaneous power of the conversion circuit is less than the maximum power threshold, the adjustment curve corresponding to the MPPT mode is determined; The conversion circuit is controlled to convert the input of the external power supply according to the adjustment curve corresponding to the MPPT mode, so that the instantaneous power of the conversion circuit is greater than or equal to the maximum power threshold. The target working curve corresponding to the MPPT mode stored in the memory is updated according to the adjustment working curve corresponding to the MPPT mode.

7. The bidirectional conversion digital power supply according to claim 6, characterized in that, In MPPT mode, the processor is also used for: When the actual voltage in the actual operating curve exceeds the maximum voltage point or the actual current exceeds the maximum current point, the control conversion circuit reduces the output power until the actual operating curve returns to the range of protection parameters.

8. The bidirectional conversion digital power supply according to claim 7, characterized in that, The multiple operating modes include a charge and discharge management mode. Under the charge and discharge management mode, the operating curve also includes an undervoltage buffer voltage threshold, a constant current fast charging current threshold, a trickle charging current threshold, and a mode switching current threshold. The processor is used for: In response to a second instruction sent by the host computer, the second instruction is used to instruct the bidirectional conversion digital power supply to operate in charge-discharge management mode, and to obtain the target operating curve corresponding to the charge-discharge management mode from the memory. The target operating curve includes the operating voltage, operating current and conversion direction corresponding to the undervoltage buffer stage, the constant current fast charging stage and the trickle charging stage. The control conversion circuit operates sequentially according to the working curves of the undervoltage buffer stage, the constant current fast charging stage, and the trickle charging stage, so that the output of the conversion circuit satisfies the working voltage, working current, and conversion direction corresponding to the undervoltage buffer stage, the constant current fast charging stage, and the trickle charging stage.

9. The bidirectional conversion digital power supply according to claim 8, characterized in that, In charge / discharge management mode, the processor is also used for: During the undervoltage buffering phase, when the actual voltage in the actual operating curve is lower than the minimum voltage point, the control conversion circuit stops charging and issues an undervoltage alarm until the actual voltage recovers to above the minimum voltage point.

10. The bidirectional conversion digital power supply according to claim 9, characterized in that, The multiple operating modes include a bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode. In the bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode, the operating curve also includes a constant voltage mode voltage threshold, a constant current mode current threshold, and a direction switching trigger condition. The processor is also used for: In response to a third instruction sent by the host computer, the third instruction is used to instruct the bidirectional conversion digital power supply to operate in bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode, and to retrieve the target operating curve corresponding to the bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode from the memory. The target operating curve corresponding to the bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode includes the conversion direction of forward buck or reverse boost, the operating voltage and operating current in the corresponding direction. The control conversion circuit realizes energy transfer in constant voltage or constant current mode according to the target working curve corresponding to the bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode; The actual operating curve of the conversion circuit is obtained through an analog-to-digital converter; When the actual working curve of the conversion circuit meets the direction switching trigger condition, the conversion direction is adjusted and switched to reverse energy transmission. The adjusted conversion direction and corresponding operating voltage and current are updated and stored in the memory to the target operating curve corresponding to the bidirectional DC-DC conversion mode.

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