Intermediate film for laminated glass, and laminated glass

Abstract

An intermediate film for laminated glass in which the color difference [delta] E * ab (R) between the L * a * b * color space of reflected light generated by light incident from one direction and the L * a * b * color space of reflected light generated by light incident from the opposite direction is 0.5 or more.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an interlayer for laminated glass and laminated glass having an interlayer for laminated glass. Background Technology

[0002] Laminated glass is relatively safe because even if it breaks due to external impact, it produces fewer glass shards, making it safer. Therefore, it is widely used in windows of automobiles and other vehicles, as well as in buildings. Laminated glass, particularly those containing resins such as polyvinyl acetal resin, is known for using an interlayer film between two panes of glass to integrate them.

[0003] Previously, it was known that laminated glass contained reflective films for various purposes of imparting different functions. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a reflective film inserted between a pair of glass panes in laminated glass, the reflective film having a visible light selective reflective layer and an infrared light selective reflective layer. Here, the visible light selective reflective layer has a reflection peak in the range of 380–850 nm, and by setting the natural light reflectivity at the reflection peak wavelength to 5–25%, it is possible to reflect a certain amount of light from the head-up display (HUD) light source while maintaining high transmittance, thereby ensuring good projection of the HUD image. Furthermore, the infrared light selective reflective layer has a reflection peak in the range of 900–1200 nm, and by setting the natural light reflectivity at the reflection peak wavelength to 26% or more, it is possible to easily use infrared light to identify the driver's face or iris.

[0004] Furthermore, regarding interlayer films for laminated glass, there has been a growing demand in recent years for their design-specific properties, leading to situations where interlayer films are colored by containing colorants. Additionally, it is known that metallic particles are incorporated into interlayer films for coloring purposes; for example, Patent Document 2 discloses the incorporation of metallic pigments into an interlayer film containing polyvinyl butyral and a plasticizer for coloring. Furthermore, the interlayer film for laminated glass in Patent Document 2 also shows that pigments, dyes, and other colorants may be further contained in the resin composition in which metallic pigments are incorporated.

[0005] Existing technical documents

[0006] Patent documents

[0007] Patent Document 1: International Publication No. 2022 / 075184

[0008] Patent Document 2: International Publication No. 2016 / 028963 Summary of the Invention

[0009] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0010] However, in recent years, the design of windows in automobiles and buildings has become increasingly diverse; for example, there is sometimes a desire to present them in various ways on automobiles as well. However, the interlayer film used in traditional laminated glass, which is mixed with pigments or dyes, only tints the window glass and cannot fully enhance its design capabilities.

[0011] Therefore, the objective of this invention is to provide an interlayer for laminated glass with excellent design properties.

[0012] Technical means to solve the problem

[0013] Through in-depth research, the inventors discovered that by making the color difference ΔE*ab between the reflected light produced by light incident from one direction and the reflected light produced by light incident from the opposite direction in the interlayer of laminated glass a certain value or higher, it is possible to make the design when viewed from one side of the laminated glass with the interlayer different from the design when viewed from the other side, thereby completing the following invention.

[0014] That is, the present invention provides the following solutions [1] to

[26] .

[0015] [1]. An interlayer film for laminated glass, wherein the color difference ΔE*ab(R) between the L*a*b* color space of the reflected light produced by light incident from one direction and the L*a*b* color space of the reflected light produced by light incident from the opposite direction is 0.5 or more.

[0016] [2]. The interlayer for laminated glass as described in [1] above has a reflective layer.

[0017] [3]. As described in [2] above, the interlayer for laminated glass is a nano-layered film.

[0018] [4]. As described in [3] above, the interlayer for laminated glass contains two resin layers with different refractive indices, namely resin layer A and resin layer B, and they are stacked in more than 30 layers.

[0019] [5]. As described in [4] above, the thickness of the resin layer A is 30 nm or more and 500 nm or less, and the thickness of the resin layer B is 30 nm or more and 500 nm or less.

[0020] [6]. The interlayer film for laminated glass as described in [4] or [5] above, wherein the refractive index difference between the resin layer A and the resin layer B is 0.01 or more and 0.15 or less.

[0021] [7]. The interlayer for laminated glass as described in any of [2] to [6] above, wherein the reflective layer has an average reflectivity of 25.0% or more in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm.

[0022] [8]. The interlayer for laminated glass as described in any of [2] to [7] above, wherein the reflective layer has an in-plane non-uniform hue.

[0023] [9]. The interlayer for laminated glass as described in any of [2] to [8] above, having one or more first resin layers disposed on a side closer to the interlayer than the reflective layer.

[0024]

[10] . The interlayer for laminated glass as described above [9], wherein one or more first resin layers have at least a coloring layer containing a colorant.

[0025]

[11] . The interlayer film for laminated glass as described in

[10] above, wherein the colorant comprises pigment,

[0026] The pigment comprises one or more selected from carbon black, quinacridone pigments, copper phthalocyanine pigments, nickel coordination compound azo pigments, isoindolinone pigments, and perylene pigments.

[0027]

[12] . The interlayer for laminated glass as described in any of [2] to

[11] above, having one or more second resin layers disposed on the side of the interlayer closer to the reflective layer.

[0028]

[13] . The interlayer for laminated glass as described in

[12] above, wherein the second resin layer comprises filler (A) having at least one of a non-metallic material and a metal oxide.

[0029]

[14] . The interlayer for laminated glass as described in

[13] above, wherein the filler (A) comprises two or more metal oxides.

[0030]

[15] . As described in

[14] above, the interlayer film for laminated glass has different refractive indices of the two or more metal oxides.

[0031]

[16] . The interlayer for laminated glass as described in any of

[13] to

[15] above, wherein the filler (A) is in the shape of a flat plate.

[0032]

[17] . The interlayer film for laminated glass as described in any of

[13] to

[16] above, wherein the filler (A) has a multilayer structure.

[0033]

[18] . The interlayer for laminated glass as described in any one of

[13] to

[17] above, wherein the aspect ratio of the filler (A) is 1 or more and 50 or less.

[0034]

[19] . The interlayer film for laminated glass as described in any of [2] to

[18] above, comprising:

[0035] One or more first resin layers disposed on the side of the reflective layer closer to the intermediate film, and

[0036] One or more second resin layers are disposed on the opposite side of the intermediate film from the reflective layer, and

[0037] The color difference ΔE*ab(S) between the visible light transmitted from the first resin layer and the visible light transmitted from the second resin layer in the L*a*b* colorimetric system is greater than 0 and less than 100.

[0038]

[20] . The interlayer film for laminated glass as described in any of [1] to

[19] above, wherein the color difference E*ab(R) is 2.0 or more.

[0039]

[21] . The interlayer film for laminated glass as described in any of [1] to

[20] above, wherein the color difference E*ab(R) is 15 or more.

[0040]

[22] . The interlayer film for laminated glass as described in any of [1] to

[21] above, wherein the color difference E*ab(R) is 30 or more.

[0041]

[23] . A laminated glass comprising a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member, and an interlayer film for laminated glass as described in any one of [1] to

[22] above, and

[0042] The interlayer of the laminated glass is disposed between the first laminated glass component and the second laminated glass component.

[0043]

[24] . A laminated glass wherein the color difference ΔE*ab(Rg) between the L*a*b* color space of the reflected light produced by light incident from one direction and the L*a*b* color space of the reflected light produced by light incident from the opposite direction is 0.5 or more.

[0044]

[25] . The laminated glass described above

[24] comprises a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member, and an interlayer for laminated glass, wherein the interlayer for laminated glass is disposed between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member.

[0045] The interlayer of the laminated glass includes the reflective layer, and the reflective layer has an average reflectivity of 25.0% or more in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm.

[0046]

[26] . The laminated glass as described in any one of

[23] to

[25] above, comprising a first component, a reflective layer, and a second component,

[0047] The first component has a first laminated glass component and one or more first resin layers.

[0048] The second component has a second laminated glass component and one or more second resin layers.

[0049] The first laminated glass component, the first resin layer, the reflective layer, the second resin layer, and the second laminated glass component are arranged sequentially, and

[0050] The color of the first component is different from the color of the second component.

[0051] Invention Effects

[0052] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an interlayer for laminated glass that has excellent design flexibility, allowing the design to differ when viewed from one side of the laminated glass having an interlayer from the design viewed from the other side. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a packing material (A) with a flat plate shape and a stacked structure.

[0054] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass.

[0055] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass.

[0056] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass.

[0057] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass.

[0058] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass.

[0059] Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass.

[0060] Figure 8 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass.

[0061] Figure 9 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass.

[0062] Figure 10 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass.

[0063] Figure 11 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass.

[0064] Figure 12 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass.

[0065] Figure 13 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass.

[0066] Figure 14 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass.

[0067] Figure 15 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass.

[0068] Figure 16 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass.

[0069] Figure 17 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass.

[0070] Figure 18 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass.

[0071] Figure 19 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of laminated glass. Detailed Implementation

[0072] The present invention will now be described in more detail.

[0073] Interlayer for laminated glass

[0074] The interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as "interlayer film") has a color difference ΔE*ab (moreover, sometimes referred to as ΔE*ab(R)) of 0.5 or more between the L*a*b* color space of the reflected light produced by light incident from one direction and the L*a*b* color space of the reflected light produced by light incident from the opposite direction.

[0075] In this invention, by making the color difference ΔE*ab(R) of the reflected light 0.5 or more, the design when viewed from one side of the laminated glass with an interlayer film can be different from the design when viewed from the other side, thus giving the laminated glass a high degree of design flexibility.

[0076] From the viewpoint of improving design feasibility, the color difference ΔE*ab(R) of the reflected light is preferably 2.0 or more, more preferably 15 or more, and even more preferably 30 or more. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of ease of implementation and to prevent excessive differences between the design observed from one side and the design observed from the other side, the color difference ΔE*ab(R) of the reflected light is preferably 100 or less, more preferably 75 or less, and even more preferably 50 or less.

[0077] Furthermore, as described later, the color difference ΔE*ab(R) of the reflected light can be increased by providing a reflective layer on the intermediate film, or by providing a colored layer in addition to a reflective layer as the first resin layer. Moreover, by providing a filler-containing layer with a specific filler (A) as the second resin layer on the intermediate film, the color difference ΔE*ab(R) of the reflected light can also be easily increased.

[0078] Furthermore, by increasing the color difference ΔE*ab(S) between the visible light transmitted from the first resin layer and the visible light transmitted from the second resin layer, the color difference ΔE*ab(R) of the reflected light can also be easily increased.

[0079] Furthermore, in this invention, the color difference ΔE*ab(R) of the reflected light is a value obtained by measuring the laminated glass, which is made by bonding two standard transparent glass plates together with an interlayer film. Specifically, light is incident from one side (i.e., one direction) of the laminated glass, and the L*a*b* color space of the reflected light is determined. Light is incident from the other side (i.e., the opposite direction), and the L*a*b* color space of the reflected light is determined. Then, the color difference is calculated based on the determined values ​​of L*, a*, and b*, and the color difference calculated in this way is used as the color difference ΔE*ab(R) of the reflected light from the interlayer film.

[0080] Furthermore, the standard transparent glass plate has a thickness of 2.5 mm and a visible light transmittance of 90.5% as measured according to JIS R 3106:1998. In addition, the transparent glass plate has a haze of less than 0.2% obtained using the CIE standard illuminant D65 and 10° field of view color matching function as specified in JIS Z 8781-1 (2012), JIS Z 8781-2 (2012), and JIS Z 8781-4 (2013), with a* = -0.6 and b* = 0.2.

[0081] [Reflective layer]

[0082] The intermediate film in this invention preferably includes a reflective layer. The reflective layer may be a layer capable of reflecting visible light. By reflecting visible light and appropriately using it in conjunction with the first resin layer or the second resin layer described below, the reflective layer can make the color difference ΔE*ab(R) of the reflected light a certain value or higher.

[0083] As described above, it is easy to make the color difference ΔE*ab(R) a certain value or higher, and the average reflectivity of the reflective layer in the visible light region is preferably a certain value or higher. Specifically, the average reflectivity of the reflective layer in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm is preferably 25.0% or higher, preferably 30.0% or higher, and more preferably 35.0% or higher.

[0084] Furthermore, from the viewpoint of ensuring a certain degree of transparency in the intermediate film, the average reflectivity of the reflective layer in the visible light region is preferably below a certain value. Specifically, the average reflectivity of the reflective layer in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm is preferably 70.0% or less, more preferably 60.0% or less, and even more preferably 55.0% or less.

[0085] The reflective layer can be a layer that reflects light in the infrared region in addition to the visible light region, or it can be a layer that does not reflect light in the infrared region. The reflective layer can improve the heat insulation of the interlayer by reflecting light in the infrared region.

[0086] The average reflectivity of the reflective layer in the wavelength range of 380 to 2500 nm is preferably 15.0% or more, more preferably 17.0% or more, and even more preferably 21.0% or more. Furthermore, it is preferably 55.0% or less, more preferably 40.0% or less, and even more preferably 30.0% or less.

[0087] The average reflectivity of the reflective layer in the visible light region is preferably higher than that in the infrared region. Specifically, the average reflectivity in the wavelength range of 380–780 nm is preferably higher than that in the wavelength range of 780–2500 nm. Thus, by increasing the average reflectivity in the visible light region, it is easy to increase the chromatic difference ΔE*ab(R) of the reflected light without complicating the structure of the reflective layer or increasing its thickness beyond what is required. From this perspective, the average reflectivity in the wavelength range of 380–780 nm is higher than that in the wavelength range of 780–2500 nm, and the difference is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 12% or more, and even more preferably 18% or more. Furthermore, there is no particular upper limit to the difference in the average reflectivity; for example, it is 50%, preferably 45%, and more preferably 38%.

[0088] The average reflectivity in the specific wavelength range of 780–2500 nm only needs to be 0% or higher, but from the viewpoint of practicality and ensuring a certain level of heat insulation, it is preferable to be 3.0% or higher, more preferably 5% or higher, and even more preferably 10% or higher. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of simplifying the structure of the reflective layer, it is preferable to be 40% or lower, more preferably 30% or lower, and even more preferably 20% or lower.

[0089] Furthermore, the reflective layer preferably has a non-uniform hue within its surface. This characteristic, such as easily emitting a metallic sheen, enhances design flexibility. Moreover, "non-uniform hue within its surface" means that the reflection intensity varies depending on the angle at which sunlight or simulated sunlight is irradiated onto the reflective layer, resulting in visually different colors. A reflective layer with these characteristics can be achieved, for example, using a nanolayered film. Here, "visually different colors" simply means a color difference (ΔE) of 1.2 or more observed when changing the angle of illumination, for example, simulated sunlight.

[0090] There are no particular limitations on the reflective layer; known reflective films such as nanolayered films and resin films obtained by sputtering metal thin films (e.g., PET films) can be listed. Among these, nanolayered films are preferred. By using nanolayered films and appropriately adjusting the in-plane refractive index difference, number of layers, and layer thickness of resin layer A and resin layer B, the reflectivity in the desired wavelength region can be easily increased. Therefore, by appropriately adjusting the wavelength region for increasing reflectivity, the chromatic difference ΔE*ab(R) of the reflected light can also be easily increased. Furthermore, by using nanolayered films, a metallic feel can be easily imparted, thereby improving design flexibility.

[0091] The nanolayered film comprises two resin layers with different refractive indices, namely resin layer A and resin layer B, which can be stacked in more than 30 layers. Resin layer A and resin layer B can be stacked alternately, preferably with each resin layer A having a thickness of more than 30 nm and less than 500 nm, and each resin layer B having a thickness of more than 30 nm and less than 500 nm.

[0092] The thickness of resin layer A is more preferably 50 nm or more and 500 nm or less, and even more preferably 100 nm or more and 400 nm or less. Furthermore, the thickness of resin layer B is more preferably 50 nm or more and 500 nm or less, and even more preferably 100 nm or more and 400 nm or less.

[0093] Furthermore, the total number of layers in the nanolayered film is 30 or more, as described above, preferably 50 or more, more preferably 200 or more, even more preferably 400 or more, and most preferably 600 or more. By increasing the total number of layers, the reflectivity in the visible light region can be easily improved, and a high-brightness metallic appearance can be easily imparted. There is no particular limit to the upper limit of the total number of layers, but to prevent the scaling up of the manufacturing apparatus, and to prevent a decrease in lamination accuracy and wavelength selectivity, it is preferable to have 1500 layers or less.

[0094] In a nanolayered film, the refractive index of resin layer A can be relatively higher than that of resin layer B. Furthermore, the difference between the refractive indices of resin layer A and resin layer B is preferably 0.01 or higher. By making this refractive index difference 0.01 or higher, sufficient reflectivity is easily obtained. Additionally, the difference between the refractive indices of resin layer A and resin layer B is preferably 0.15 or lower. Moreover, the refractive index referred to here is the in-plane average refractive index, which is the average of the refractive indices in directions parallel to the film's surface direction. For example, it can be obtained by averaging the refractive indices in two mutually perpendicular directions (when the film's MD and TD are known, this is the average of the refractive indices of MD and TD).

[0095] Furthermore, it is preferable that the difference between the in-plane average refractive index and the refractive index in the thickness direction of resin layer A is 0.01 or more, and the difference between the in-plane average refractive index and the refractive index in the thickness direction of resin layer B is 0.01 or less. In this way, even if the incident angle increases, it is less likely to cause a decrease in the reflectivity of the reflection band, so it is even more preferable.

[0096] Resin a constituting resin layer A and resin b constituting resin layer B are preferably resins having the same basic framework. Here, the term "basic framework" refers to the repeating units constituting resin a and resin b. For example, in the case where one of the resins is polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate is the basic framework. Furthermore, as another example, in the case where one of the resins is polyethylene, ethylene is the basic framework. If resin a and resin b are resins containing the same basic framework, interlayer delamination is less likely to occur, which is therefore preferable.

[0097] As a preferred combination of resin a and resin b, the glass transition temperature difference between resin a and resin b is preferably below 20°C. By keeping the glass transition temperature difference below 20°C, the thickness uniformity of the nanolayered film during film formation is good, and it is less likely to produce appearance defects such as uneven color. In addition, it can also prevent excessive stretching during the formation of the nanolayered film.

[0098] Polyester resin is preferred as the resin constituting the nanolayered film; therefore, resin a and resin b are preferably both polyester resins. Furthermore, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is more preferably used as the resin constituting the nanolayered film. Therefore, resin a and resin b are more preferably containing PET as a basic framework. Moreover, it is preferred that resin a is PET and resin b is a polyester copolymerized from at least one of spiroglycerol, cyclohexanediol, and cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid. It is also preferred that resin a is PET and resin b is a polyester copolymerized from neopentyl glycol.

[0099] As a preferred example of the combination of resin a and resin b, examples include resin a being polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate, and resin b being a polyester containing spiroglycerin. Here, "polyester containing spiroglycerin" refers to a polyester copolymerized with spiroglycerin, or a polyester obtained by blending spiroglycerin with other homopolymer polyesters. Because the glass transition temperature difference between the polyester containing spiroglycerin and polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate is small, it is less prone to excessive stretching during molding and less prone to interlayer delamination.

[0100] As a further preferred example of the combination of resin a and resin b, resin a can be a combination of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PET), and resin b can be a polyester comprising spiroglycerol and cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid. Here, "polyester comprising spiroglycerol and cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid" refers to a polyester copolymerized with spiroglycerol and cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (or an ester derivative of cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid), or a polyester obtained by blending it with other homopolymer polyesters. If resin b is a polyester comprising spiroglycerol and cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, the in-plane refractive index difference with PET and PET becomes larger, thus easily achieving high reflectivity. Furthermore, since the glass transition temperature difference with PET and PET is small, excessive stretching during molding is less likely, and interlayer delamination is also less likely to occur.

[0101] As another preferred example of the combination of resin a and resin b, resin a can be polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate, and resin b can be a combination of a polyester containing cyclohexanediol. Here, "polyester containing cyclohexanediol" refers to a polyester copolymerized with cyclohexanediol, or a polyester obtained by blending it with other homopolymer polyesters. Because the polyester containing cyclohexanediol has a small glass transition temperature difference with polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, it is less prone to overstretching during molding and less prone to interlayer delamination.

[0102] Furthermore, as another preferred example of the combination of resin a and resin b, resin a can be a combination in which resin a is polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate, and resin b is a polyester comprising neopentyl glycol. Here, the term "polyester comprising neopentyl glycol" refers to a polyester copolymerized with neopentyl glycol, or a polyester obtained by blending it with other homopolymer polyesters.

[0103] More preferably, resin b is a polyethylene terephthalate condensate polymer with a copolymer content of 15 mol% or more and 60 mol% or less of cyclohexanediol. This results in high reflectivity, minimal changes in optical properties due to heating or time, and reduced likelihood of interlayer delamination. The cyclohexanediol copolymer with a copolymer content of 15 mol% or more and 60 mol% or less of polyethylene terephthalate adheres very strongly to polyethylene terephthalate. Furthermore, the cyclohexanediol group contains cis or trans isomers as geometric isomers, and chair or boat isomers as configurational isomers. Therefore, even when co-stretched with polyethylene terephthalate, it is less prone to oriented crystallization, resulting in high reflectivity and less change in optical properties due to thermal processes, thus reducing the likelihood of film breakage during film formation.

[0104] In addition, it is also preferred to use a polyethylene terephthalate condensate polymer in which resin b is a copolymer of neopentyl glycol with a copolymerization amount of 15 mol% or more and 60 mol% or less.

[0105] The nanolayered film of this invention employs a structure formed by alternating layers of resin layer A and resin layer B along the thickness direction. This alternating layered structure may also include a third layer (resin layer C) in addition to resin layers A and B. Examples of regularly arranged layered structures include A(BCA)n, A(BCBA)n, and A(BABCBA)n. Here, n is the number of repeating units. For example, in A(BCA)n, when n = 3, it indicates that the layers are stacked in the thickness direction in the order ABCABCABCA.

[0106] The manufacturing methods of the aforementioned nanolayered films are described, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Publication Nos. 2004-249587, 2005-59332, 2007-301982, 2009-78421, 2010-184493, and 2015-110276, and can be used as a reference for manufacturing.

[0107] Furthermore, the nanolayered films used in this invention are generally commercially available. Examples include: "PICASUS" (registered trademark) manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., and the "MLF Film" series manufactured by Deyupon Film Co., Ltd.

[0108] The thickness of the reflective layer is, for example, 20 μm or more and 300 μm or less, preferably 30 μm or more and 250 μm or less, and more preferably 50 μm or more and 200 μm or less. By making the reflective layer 20 μm or more, visible light is sufficiently reflected, which easily increases the chromatic difference ΔE*ab(R) of the reflected light. Furthermore, by making the reflective layer 300 μm or less, it is possible to prevent the reflective layer from becoming excessively thick, thus adjusting the intermediate film to an appropriate thickness.

[0109] [First Resin Layer]

[0110] The interlayer of the present invention preferably includes one or more first resin layers in addition to the reflective layer. The first resin layer is a resin layer disposed on the side of the interlayer closer to the interlayer than the reflective layer. The first resin layer may be a single layer or multiple layers.

[0111] Furthermore, in the following description, the case where one side of the interlayer (i.e., the side facing the first resin layer) is disposed on the interior side (i.e., the interior side of a car) when used in laminated glass will be described. Therefore, when the other side of the interlayer (i.e., the side facing the second resin layer in the case where the second resin layer described below is provided) is used as laminated glass, it is the exterior side (i.e., the exterior side of a car).

[0112] (Coloring layer)

[0113] The first resin layer is preferably a coloring layer containing a colorant. Therefore, if the first resin layer is a single layer, this single resin layer can be a coloring layer; if the first resin layer has multiple layers, at least one of the multiple first resin layers can be a coloring layer. In the first resin layer, the colorant can be dispersed in the resin constituting the first resin layer.

[0114] By giving the first resin layer a coloring layer, the intermediate film can be colored to the desired color, thus facilitating greater design flexibility. Furthermore, since the colorant can absorb a portion of sunlight, it also facilitates improved thermal insulation.

[0115] Furthermore, by making the first resin layer a colored layer, the incident light or the light reflected by the reflective layer is absorbed by the colored layer. Therefore, the L*, a*, and b* of the light incident from one side of the interlayer or its reflected light change sufficiently, and the color difference ΔE*ab(R) of the reflected light tends to increase. Thus, for example, when viewing the interlayer from the other side and when viewing the interlayer from one side, the hue tends to change. For example, when viewed from the other side, the metallic feel is stronger, while when viewed from one side, the metallic feel can be suppressed, thereby easily improving design. Moreover, as mentioned above, if the appearance is one where the metallic feel is stronger when viewed from the other side and weaker when viewed from one side, then when viewed from the other side (i.e., outdoors), the appearance can be impactful, while when viewed from one side (i.e., indoors), it can give a calm impression. In this way, design can be improved.

[0116] As a colorant, pigments and dyes that are mixed in conventional interlayers for laminated glass can be used. Furthermore, from the viewpoint that the interlayer can be effectively colored with a small amount of mixing, pigments are preferred as the colorant.

[0117] Examples of pigments include: phthalocyanine copper-based pigments, anthraquinone-based pigments, perylene-based pigments, azo-based pigments, carbon black, quinacridone-based pigments, titanium dioxide-based pigments, diketone-pyrrolopyrrole-based pigments, thio-indigo-based pigments, Ni-coordination compound-based pigments, perinone-based pigments, isoindoline-based pigments, quinoline-based pigments, vat-based pigments, and so on. Azide pigments, pyrrocoline pigments, calcium carbonate, and their derivatives.

[0118] In the coloring layer, one type of colorant can be used alone, or two or more types can be used together.

[0119] From the perspective of durability or compatibility with films, the pigments selected from at least one of the following are preferred: carbon black, quinacridone pigments, copper phthalocyanine pigments, cobalt phthalocyanine pigments, nickel coordination compound azo pigments, isoindolineone pigments, anthraquinone pigments, thioindigo pigments, isoindoline pigments, isoindolineone pigments, quinacridone pigments, vat pigments, titanium dioxide pigments, diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments, and perylene pigments. More preferably, the pigments selected from at least one of the following are preferred: carbon black, quinacridone pigments, copper phthalocyanine pigments, nickel coordination compound azo pigments, isoindolineone pigments, and perylene pigments. Particularly preferred is the inclusion of carbon black in the colorant. Using carbon black allows for the creation of a stable tone, easily imparts a sense of sophistication, and facilitates further improvement in design. Furthermore, when using carbon black as a colorant, from the viewpoint of further improving design flexibility, it is preferable to use carbon black and a colorant other than carbon black in combination. As a colorant other than carbon black, a colorant other than carbon black can be appropriately selected for use. More specifically, it is also preferable to use any one of azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, or quinacridone pigments in combination.

[0120] The content of the colorant in the coloring layer is preferably 0.0001% by mass or more and 0.3% by mass or less. If the content is set to 0.0001% by mass or more, the transmitted light or light reflected by the reflective layer is sufficiently absorbed by the colorant, allowing the design viewed from one side of the laminated glass to be significantly different from the design viewed from the other side, thereby improving design flexibility. Furthermore, a suitable level of colorability is also achieved. Moreover, by setting it to 0.3% by mass or less, light is prevented from being absorbed by the colorant beyond what is desired, making it easier to ensure the transparency of the laminated glass. From these viewpoints, the content of the colorant in the coloring layer is more preferably 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.003% by mass or more, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more, more preferably 0.2% by mass or less, more preferably 0.15% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.12% by mass or less.

[0121] Furthermore, the coloring layer may also contain heat-insulating materials in addition to the aforementioned coloring agents. That is, the coloring layer may also have the functions of the heat-insulating layer described below. The heat-insulating materials used in the coloring layer are as described in the heat-insulating layer section below, and their content is also as described in the heat-insulating layer section below, so their description is omitted here.

[0122] (Insulation layer)

[0123] The first resin layer may also contain a heat-insulating layer comprising heat-insulating material. By giving the first resin layer a heat-insulating layer, it is possible to appropriately prevent the vehicle interior or cabin from becoming hot. Furthermore, since a certain amount of incident light or light reflected by the reflective layer is absorbed by the heat-insulating layer, the chromatic difference ΔE*ab(R) of the reflected light tends to increase, allowing for design adjustments when viewed from the other side versus from one side. The heat-insulating material only needs to be dispersed within the resin constituting the heat-insulating layer.

[0124] Thermal insulation layers are typically made of materials capable of absorbing infrared radiation, i.e., heat rays, with wavelengths above 780 nm. Thermal insulation materials are composed of inorganic materials, typically using insulating particles. Specific examples include particles other than metal oxide particles, such as metal oxide particles and lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) particles. Examples of metal oxide particles include: aluminum-doped tin oxide particles, indium-doped tin oxide particles, and antimony-doped tin oxide particles (ATO particles); gallium-doped zinc oxide particles (GZO particles), indium-doped zinc oxide particles (IZO particles), aluminum-doped zinc oxide particles (AZO particles), tin-doped zinc oxide particles, and silicon-doped zinc oxide particles; niobium-doped titanium oxide particles; indium oxide particles (tin-doped indium oxide particles (ITO particles); and tungsten oxide particles such as sodium-doped tungsten oxide particles, cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles (CWO particles), thallium-doped tungsten oxide particles, and rubidium-doped tungsten oxide particles. In addition, thermal insulation materials other than these particles can also be used. One type of insulation material can be used alone, or two or more types can be used together.

[0125] Among them, metal oxide particles are preferred because of their high shielding function for heat lines. More preferably, at least one of ATO particles, GZO particles, ITO particles and CWO particles is used. ITO particles or CWO particles are preferred, and ITO particles are even more preferred.

[0126] There is no particular limitation on the content of the heat-insulating material in the heat insulation layer. Based on the total amount of the heat insulation layer, it is, for example, 0.01% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less, preferably 0.05% by mass or more and 1% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less. By setting the content of the heat-insulating material to the lower limit value or above, it is possible to appropriately prevent the interior of the vehicle or the interior from getting hot. In addition, it is easy to increase the color difference of the reflected light, such as ΔE*ab(R). Furthermore, by setting it to the upper limit value or below, it is possible to prevent the transparency of the interlayer from being excessively damaged by the heat insulation layer.

[0127] (Including filler layer)

[0128] In addition, the first resin layer may also have a filler layer containing the filler (A) described below. If the first resin layer has a filler layer, the intermediate film is prone to exhibiting a metallic appearance. The filler (A) used in the filler layer is as described in the second resin layer below, and its content is also as described later, so its description is omitted here.

[0129] (Transparent layer)

[0130] The first resin layer may also be a layer that substantially does not contain the aforementioned colorant, heat-insulating agent, and filler (A). A layer that substantially does not contain colorant, heat-insulating agent, and filler (A) generally has high transmittance and is referred to as a transparent layer in this specification.

[0131] Furthermore, the phrase "substantially free of colorants, heat-insulating agents and fillers (A)" means that colorants, heat-insulating agents and fillers (A) are deliberately not mixed in the first resin layer, and the total content of specific colorants, heat-insulating agents and fillers (A) in the first resin layer is, for example, less than 0.0001% by mass, preferably less than 0.00001% by mass, and most preferably 0% by mass.

[0132] The first resin layer can consist of one layer or two or more layers. Therefore, in the intermediate film, a single resin layer or two or more resin layers can be disposed on the side closer to the reflective layer.

[0133] Each of the first resin layers can be any one of a coloring layer, a heat insulation layer, a filler layer, and a transparent layer, as described above. In the case where the first resin layer is a single layer, the single-layer first resin layer can be any one of a coloring layer, a heat insulation layer, a filler layer, and a transparent layer.

[0134] Furthermore, in cases where the first resin layer is composed of multiple layers, having at least one of the above-mentioned types is sufficient, and having two or more layers of the same type is also permissible. For example, in two or more first resin layers, the coloring layer may have two or more layers, the heat insulation layer may have two or more layers, the filler layer may have two or more layers, and the transparent layer may have two or more layers.

[0135] Furthermore, in the case where the first resin layer is multilayered, two of the above-mentioned layers may be provided, for example, a colored layer and a transparent layer may be provided, a colored layer and a heat insulation layer may be provided, or a colored layer and a filler layer may be provided.

[0136] In the above-mentioned configuration, the first resin layer preferably has at least a transparent layer, a colored layer, or a heat-insulating layer, more preferably at least a colored layer or a heat-insulating layer, and particularly preferably at least a colored layer. By having the first resin layer have a heat-insulating layer or a colored layer, especially a colored layer, as described above, it is easy to increase the chromatic difference ΔE*ab(R) of the reflected light. In the case of viewing from the other side and in the case of viewing from one side, it is easy to change the hue or design, thereby easily improving the design.

[0137] Furthermore, in the case where the first resin layer is multilayered, it is preferable to have a transparent layer in addition to the coloring layer or the heat insulation layer, and more preferably, it is preferable to have a transparent layer in addition to the coloring layer.

[0138] [Second Resin Layer]

[0139] The intermediate film of the present invention preferably includes one or more second resin layers in addition to the reflective layer. The second resin layer is a resin layer disposed in the intermediate film on the opposite side of the intermediate film compared to the reflective layer. The second resin layer can be a single layer or multiple layers.

[0140] Therefore, the intermediate film is more preferably provided with one or more first resin layers disposed on one side of the reflective layer and one or more second resin layers disposed on the other side of the reflective layer.

[0141] (Including filler layer)

[0142] The second resin layer is preferably a layer containing filler (A) (sometimes referred to as a "filler-containing layer" in this specification). Therefore, in the case where the second resin layer is a single layer, the single resin layer can be a filler-containing layer; in the case where there are multiple second resin layers, at least one of the multiple second resin layers can be a filler-containing layer. In the filler-containing layer, the filler (A) can be dispersed in the resin constituting the filler-containing layer.

[0143] The filler (A) is a filler comprising any one of a metal, a metal oxide, and a non-metallic material. The filler (A) is a filler with visible light reflectivity. The filler (A) is preferably comprising at least one of a metal oxide and a non-metallic material, more preferably comprising a metal oxide. The filler (A) is formed from a specific material and has visible light reflectivity, thus easily emitting a metallic appearance.

[0144] In this invention, by making the second resin layer a filler layer, the interlayer film easily exudes a metallic feel, especially when viewed from the other side (i.e., the outdoor side). Furthermore, it more easily reflects light incident from the other side, increasing the chromatic difference ΔE*ab(R) of the reflected light. Therefore, the design can be significantly different when viewing the interlayer film from the other side versus from one side; the metallic feel is stronger when viewed from the other side, and weaker when viewed from one side. This results in a striking appearance when viewed from the other side (i.e., the outdoor side), while creating a sophisticated interior design when viewed from one side (i.e., the indoor side), further enhancing the design appeal.

[0145] Metals that can be used as fillers (A) include: aluminum, silver, copper, platinum, gold, titanium, nickel, tin, tin-cobalt alloys, indium, chromium, etc. Metal oxides that can be used include: titanium oxide, silicon oxide, indium oxide, niobium oxide, zinc oxide, antimony oxide, tungsten oxide, aluminum oxide, etc. Furthermore, non-metallic materials that can be used include inorganic compounds other than metals and metal oxides; specifically, glass, mica, etc.

[0146] The filler (A) containing metal oxides is preferably a filler containing two or more compounds in each particle, more preferably a filler containing two or more metal oxides in each particle, or a filler containing metal oxides and non-metallic materials such as mica or glass in each particle. In this case, glass is preferred as the non-metallic material.

[0147] Furthermore, fillers containing two or more compounds are preferably multilayered. Specifically, examples include fillers with multilayered structures containing two or more metal oxides, fillers with multilayered structures containing metal oxides and mica, and fillers with multilayered structures containing metal oxides and glass. In the first resin layer, by giving filler (A) the aforementioned multilayered structure, it is easy to emit a metallic sheen. In addition, since the hue of transmitted or reflected light can change with the change of the incident angle of light on the interlayer, different color shifts can be generated depending on the viewing angle, thereby improving the designability of the interlayer.

[0148] By giving filler (A) a multilayer structure with two or more metal oxides, it is easy to impart a metallic feel to transmitted or reflected light. In addition, it is easy to impart color to reflected light, while it is not easy to impart hue to transmitted light through the intermediate film, and it can also make it nearly colorless.

[0149] Furthermore, the filler (A), with its multi-layered structure of metal oxide and glass, reduces haze, thereby easily ensuring the transparency of the interlayer for laminated glass. Moreover, reflections from the filler (A) can be visualized in the form of glossy granular patterns, allowing for unique design possibilities for the interlayer for laminated glass.

[0150] Furthermore, by giving the filler (A) a multilayer structure of metal oxides and mica, the whiteness of the intermediate film can be improved, and it can also be given a glossy appearance.

[0151] In a multilayer structure of metal oxides, two or more metal oxides can have different refractive indices. By using metal oxides with different refractive indices to form layers with different refractive indices, interlayer reflection is easily achieved, ensuring a suitable metallic appearance. Furthermore, in fillers with a multilayer structure of metal oxides, layers formed by metal oxides with different refractive indices can be adjacent to each other.

[0152] From the viewpoint of improving transparency and metallic appearance, the refractive index difference between metal oxides with different refractive indices is preferably 0.1 or more and 1.2 or less. More preferably, the refractive index difference is 0.3 or more and 1.1 or less, and even more preferably, 0.6 or more and 1.05 or less.

[0153] In a filler (A) with a multilayer structure containing two or more metal oxides, the thickness ratio between the layers formed by the different metal oxides is preferably 1:2 to 1:15. The filler (A) readily acquires a metallic feel by having such a thickness ratio. More preferably, the thickness ratio is 1:3 to 1:13, and even more preferably, 1:4 to 1:11. Furthermore, by controlling the thickness ratio of the filler (A), the hue of the reflected light can also be changed.

[0154] Furthermore, the thickness ratio is the average value obtained by observing and measuring any 50 particles using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

[0155] Two or more metal oxides may be selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, silicon oxide, indium oxide, niobium oxide, zinc oxide, antimony oxide, tungsten oxide, aluminum oxide, and iron oxide, with titanium oxide, silicon oxide, and aluminum oxide being preferred. Titanium oxide is titanium dioxide (TiO2), which may be rutile, anatase, or brookite. Silicon oxide is silicon dioxide (SiO2). Aluminum oxide may be aluminum dioxide (Al2O3).

[0156] The filler (A) is more preferably composed of both titanium oxide and silicon oxide, and even more preferably a multilayer structure consisting of a titanium oxide layer and a silicon oxide layer.

[0157] Furthermore, the filler (A) is preferably composed of both titanium oxide and aluminum oxide, and is also preferably a multilayer structure consisting of titanium oxide layers and aluminum oxide layers.

[0158] The filler (A) is preferably a metal oxide particle with a multilayer structure formed by two or more metal oxides as described above, and is preferably a metal oxide particle (the middle layer below) composed of at least one metal oxide coated with at least one metal oxide of different kinds.

[0159] The filler (A) having a multilayer structure of metal oxide and glass can be formed from glass and a metal oxide selected from titanium oxide, silicon oxide, indium oxide, niobium oxide, zinc oxide, antimony oxide, tungsten oxide, aluminum oxide, and iron oxide. Among these, the metal oxide is preferably titanium oxide, silicon oxide, or both.

[0160] The filler (A) having a multilayer structure of metal oxide and glass is preferably a multilayer structure of glass layer and metal oxide layer, wherein the middle layer constituting the glass layer is preferably particles coated with metal oxide (preferably titanium oxide, silicon oxide, or both).

[0161] The filler (A) having a multilayer structure of metal oxide and mica can be formed from mica and a metal oxide selected from titanium oxide, silicon oxide, indium oxide, niobium oxide, zinc oxide, antimony oxide, tungsten oxide, aluminum oxide, and iron oxide, wherein the metal oxide is preferably titanium oxide. The filler (A) having a multilayer structure of metal oxide and mica is further preferably a multilayer structure of mica layer and metal oxide layer, wherein the middle layer constituting the mica layer is preferably particles coated with a metal oxide (preferably titanium oxide).

[0162] The filler (A) can be any shape selected from spherical, tetragonal prism, triangular pyramid, quadrangular pyramid, cylindrical, conical, amorphous, needle-like, fibrous, and plate-like shapes, preferably plate-like. By making the filler (A) plate-like, a color shift can be generated, and with the change in the incident angle of light on the intermediate film, the hue of the transmitted or reflected light can be changed.

[0163] By arranging the filler (A) in a flat plate shape, as described later, along the surface direction of the interlayer, a certain amount of incident visible light is easily reflected, thereby improving the transparency of the interlayer. Furthermore, since the incident visible light is reflected systematically, light scattering is less likely to occur, thus reducing the haze of the laminated glass.

[0164] In the case where the flat-shaped packing (A) has the above-mentioned multi-layer structure, it is preferable to provide multiple layers along the thickness direction, preferably 2 to 5 layers along the thickness direction, more preferably 2 to 4 layers, and even more preferably 3 layers.

[0165] A specific example of a three-layer, flat-plate packing (A) is shown below. Figure 1 In the case where the packing (A) has a 3-layer structure, such as Figure 1 As shown, it may have a middle layer 100 and cover layers 111 and 112 disposed on both sides of the middle layer 100. Figure 1 The filler shown may have a multilayer structure of metal oxides, and the metal oxides forming each coating layer 111, 112 may be different from the metal oxides forming the middle layer 100. Preferably, the metal oxides forming the coating layers 111, 112 are the same as each other.

[0166] The refractive index of the metal oxides forming the coating layers 111 and 112 is preferably higher than that of the intermediate layer 100. By making the refractive index of the coating layers 111 and 112 relatively higher, moderate reflection and light transmission are achieved, making it easier to achieve both good transparency and metallic appearance of the intermediate film. Furthermore, by having a three-layer structure and the refractive index of the metal oxides of the coating layers 111 and 112 being higher than that of the intermediate layer 100, moderate reflection is achieved even if light is incident from either surface, thus more effectively ensuring transparency and emitting a metallic appearance. Moreover, the preferred value of the difference between the refractive indices of the coating layers 111 and 112 and the intermediate layer 100 is as described above.

[0167] Furthermore, the thickness of each of the coating layers 111 and 112 is preferably less than the thickness of the intermediate layer 100. Preferred values ​​for the specific thickness ratio (each coating layer: intermediate layer) are shown in the interlayer thickness ratio.

[0168] In the flat-plate-shaped filler (A) with a multilayer structure of metal oxides, the coating layers 111 and 112 are both titanium oxide layers, and the middle layer 100 is preferably a silicon oxide layer or an aluminum oxide layer, wherein the middle layer 100 is particularly preferably a silicon oxide layer. Furthermore, the flat-plate-shaped filler (A) is not limited to having the above-described three-layer structure; it can also be a two-layer structure. In this case, one of the coating layers 111 and 112 can be omitted. Additionally, it can also be a multilayer structure with four or more layers.

[0169] Furthermore, the filler having a multilayer structure of glass and metal oxides can be composed of a glass layer constituting the middle layer and metal oxide layers disposed on both sides of the glass layer and constituting the coating layers. The metal oxide in the metal oxide layer can be at least one selected from the above-mentioned metal oxides, preferably titanium oxide or silicon oxide. Titanium oxide and silicon oxide can be used alone or in combination. Here, in each coating layer, the metal oxide layer can be one layer or two layers. That is, the filler having a multilayer structure of glass and metal oxides can be a three-layer structure of metal oxide layer, middle layer, and metal oxide layer, but the above-mentioned metal oxide layers can be two-layer structures, or a five-layer structure of metal oxide layer, metal oxide layer, middle layer, metal oxide layer, and metal oxide layer. In the five-layer structure, the metal oxide constituting the outer metal oxide layer is preferably titanium oxide, and the metal oxide constituting the inner metal oxide layer is preferably silicon oxide.

[0170] Furthermore, in a filler with a multi-layer structure having a middle layer composed of glass, the metal oxide layers disposed on both sides of the glass layer are not limited to a two-layer structure, but can also be three or more layers. Therefore, there is no particular limitation on a filler with a multi-layer structure having a middle layer composed of glass, as long as it is a structure with a single or multiple metal oxide layers disposed on both sides of the glass layer.

[0171] The filler having a metal oxide layer can also be a filler having a mica layer and a metal oxide layer. Specifically, the mica layer can form the middle layer, and the metal oxide layer can form the coating layer, preferably a titanium oxide layer.

[0172] As described above, the filler (A) is preferably a filler having an intermediate layer and a coating layer formed of metal oxide. In this case, the coating layer may cover all surfaces of the intermediate layer or only a portion of the intermediate layer surface. By covering only a portion of the intermediate layer surface, the reflection caused by the filler (A) becomes uneven. Therefore, the reflected or transmitted light in the laminated glass becomes, for example, mottled, thereby enabling special design features.

[0173] In the case where a portion of the surface of the coated intermediate layer is covered, the coverage rate of the coated layer over the intermediate layer is, for example, 30% or more and 99% or less, preferably 40% or more and 90% or less, and more preferably 50% or more and 80% or less. In the case where a portion of the surface of the coated intermediate layer is covered, the uncoated portion of the intermediate layer can be provided continuously or discontinuously by being formed into spots or the like.

[0174] The average particle size (D50) of filler (A) is preferably 1 μm or more and 100 μm or less. By setting the average particle size within this range, changes in the incident angle of light on the interlayer can easily cause changes in the hue of transmitted or reflected light, leading to color shift. From the viewpoint of preventing color shift, the average particle size of filler (A) is more preferably 3 μm or more and 90 μm or less, and even more preferably 5 μm or more and 80 μm or less.

[0175] Furthermore, the average particle size (D50) is a value measured using a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring device, and the value (D50) when the cumulative volume is 50% is set as the average particle size.

[0176] Furthermore, considering that it can combine transparency and metallic appearance and easily suppress light scattering in the intermediate film, the average particle size of the filler (A) with a multilayer structure of metal oxide is preferably 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less, preferably 3 μm or more and 18 μm or less, and more preferably 5 μm or more and 16 μm or less.

[0177] On the other hand, it is possible to see glossy particle patterns through reflected light from the filler, which gives the interlayer of laminated glass a special design. The filler (A) with a multilayer structure of metal oxide and glass preferably has an average particle size of a certain value or more. Specifically, it is preferably 5 μm or more and 100 μm or less, more preferably 10 μm or more and 90 μm or less, and even more preferably 15 μm or more and 80 μm or less.

[0178] From the viewpoint of easily ensuring transparency and avoiding color shift, the thickness of filler (A) is preferably 0.01 μm or more and 4 μm or less, more preferably 0.1 μm or more and 3.5 μm or less, and even more preferably 0.2 μm or more and 3 μm or less. Furthermore, filler (A) with a multilayer structure of metal oxide having the above-mentioned thickness range easily emits a metallic sheen. The thickness of filler (A) is the average value obtained by observing and measuring any 50 particles using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or similar method. In filler (A), the length of the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the filler, where the maximum value is the shortest, can be used as the thickness. Figure 1 In the above, the thickness of the flat-shaped packing (A) is the length in the vertical direction.

[0179] The aspect ratio of the filler (A) is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 1.1 or more, and even more preferably 1.2 or more. Furthermore, it is preferably 50 or less, more preferably 30 or less, even more preferably 15 or less, and even more preferably 10 or less. If the aspect ratio is set to the above values, color shift is likely to occur. Furthermore, by oriented the filler (A) along the surface direction of the interlayer as described later, a certain amount of incident visible light is reflected, and the transparency of the interlayer is easily improved. Moreover, by setting the aspect ratio to 50 or less, the average particle size (D50) of the filler (A) can be prevented from becoming excessively large. Furthermore, the aspect ratio of the filler (A) refers to the ratio of the length of the major axis to the length of the minor axis of the filler (A) as observed using a scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, the major axis and minor axis refer to the major axis and minor axis of the filler (A) when viewed from above along the thickness direction; for a flat filler, they refer to the length direction along its surface and the perpendicular direction.

[0180] When the filler (A) has an oriented anisotropy, such as a flat plate shape, it is preferably oriented with its length direction along the surface direction of the interlayer film. Furthermore, in the case of a flat plate shape, it is preferably oriented with the surface direction of the filler (A) along the surface direction of the interlayer film. That is, a flat plate-shaped filler (A) is preferably oriented with its thickness direction along the thickness direction of the interlayer film. The filler (A) with the above orientation allows light traveling along the thickness direction in the interlayer film to be appropriately reflected and partially transmitted; furthermore, it suppresses light scattering generated in the filler (A). Therefore, it is easier to reduce haze and improve transparency.

[0181] In the first resin layer, filler (A) can be used alone or in combination with two or more types.

[0182] There are no particular limitations on the manufacturing method of filler (A). For example, filler (A) with a multi-layer structure can be manufactured by coating particles formed of metal oxides with other metal oxides, or by coating particles formed of mica or glass with metal oxides. Alternatively, filler (A) can be made into a flat plate shape by coating sheets formed of metal oxides with other metal oxides and then crushing them. Commercially available filler (A) can also be used.

[0183] The content of filler (A) in the filler layer is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less. If the content is set to 0.01% by mass or more, the color difference ΔE*ab(R) tends to become relatively large. In addition, it tends to give off a metallic feel or cause color shift, which makes it easier to improve design. Furthermore, by setting it to 0.5% by mass or less, light is prevented from being reflected beyond what is required by the first resin layer, haze is easily reduced, and the transparency of the laminated glass is ensured. From these points of view, the content of filler (A) is more preferably 0.02% by mass or more, more preferably 0.04% by mass or more, more preferably 0.08% by mass or more, more preferably 0.4% by mass or less, more preferably 0.3% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.2% by mass or less.

[0184] The filler layer can also contain a colorant to function as a colored layer. By including a colorant in the filler layer, the designability of the intermediate film can be easily improved. Details of the colorant are as described in the first resin layer above.

[0185] However, the filler-containing layer used in the second resin layer is preferably substantially free of colorants. Because it is substantially free of colorants, the transmitted light from the filler-containing layer easily reflects the hue of the filler (A). Furthermore, the reflection of the filler (A) is less likely to be blocked by colorants, thus preventing color shift. Moreover, "substantially free of colorants" means that colorants are intentionally not mixed into the filler-containing layer. Regarding the specific colorant content in the filler-containing layer, based on the total amount of the filler-containing layer, it is, for example, less than 0.0001% by mass, preferably less than 0.00001% by mass, and most preferably 0% by mass.

[0186] On the other hand, in the case where the filler layer contains a colorant, the details of the colorant are as described in the first resin layer above, and the content of the colorant is also as described above, and its description is omitted here.

[0187] The second resin layer may also include a coloring layer containing a colorant. By giving the second resin layer a coloring layer, the designability of the interlayer is easily improved. Details of the colorant used in the coloring layer of the second resin layer are as described above in the description of the first resin layer. Furthermore, the content of the colorant in the coloring layer of the second resin layer is also as described above, and its description is omitted here.

[0188] The second resin layer may also include a heat insulation layer with heat insulation material. By having the second resin layer have a heat insulation layer, it is possible to properly prevent the interior of the vehicle or cabin from becoming hot. Details of the heat insulation material used in the heat insulation layer of the second resin layer are as described above. Furthermore, the content of the heat insulation material in the second resin layer is also as described above, and its description is omitted here.

[0189] Furthermore, the second resin layer may also have a layer (transparent layer) that is substantially free of the aforementioned colorant, heat-insulating agent, and filler (A). Details of the transparent layer are as described in the first resin layer above, and are omitted here.

[0190] The second resin layer can consist of one layer or two or more layers. Therefore, in the intermediate film, a single resin layer or two or more resin layers can be disposed on the side opposite to the reflective layer.

[0191] As described above, each of the second resin layers can be any one of a coloring layer, a heat insulation layer, a filler layer, and a transparent layer. In the case where the second resin layer is a single layer, the single-layer second resin layer can be any one of a coloring layer, a heat insulation layer, a filler layer, and a transparent layer.

[0192] Furthermore, in cases where the second resin layer is composed of multiple layers, at least one of the above-mentioned types is sufficient, or two or more layers of the same type may be provided. For example, in a second resin layer with two or more layers, two or more coloring layers, two or more heat insulation layers, two or more filler layers, or two or more transparent layers may be provided.

[0193] Furthermore, in the case where the second resin layer is multilayered, two of the above-mentioned layers may be provided, such as a filler layer and a transparent layer, a filler layer and a coloring layer, or a coloring layer and a heat insulation layer.

[0194] Of the above, the second resin layer preferably has at least one of a transparent layer, a heat-insulating layer, a colored layer, and a filler-containing layer, and is particularly preferably at least a filler-containing layer. By having the first resin layer have a filler-containing layer, as described above, it is easy to increase the chromatic difference ΔE*ab(R) of the reflected light, and furthermore, it is easy to improve design flexibility.

[0195] Furthermore, in the case where the first resin layer is multilayered, it is also preferable to have a transparent layer in addition to the filler layer.

[0196] [Thermoplastic resin]

[0197] The resin constituting each of the first resin layers (coloring layer, heat insulation layer, transparent layer, filler layer, etc.) is preferably a thermoplastic resin. Furthermore, the resin constituting each of the second resin layers (coloring layer, heat insulation layer, transparent layer, filler layer, etc.) is also preferably a thermoplastic resin. By containing a thermoplastic resin, the first or second resin layer readily functions as an adhesive layer, resulting in good adhesion to the laminated glass component or other layers constituting the interlayer.

[0198] There are no particular limitations on the thermoplastic resins used in each resin layer; examples include: polyvinyl alcohol acetal resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ionomer resin, polyurethane resin, thermoplastic elastomer, acrylic resin, acrylate-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polyolefin resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, and polystyrene resin. Using these resins easily ensures adhesion to the laminated glass components.

[0199] Among them, polyvinyl acetal resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ionomer resin, polyurethane resin, and thermoplastic elastomer are preferred.

[0200] In the intermediate film of the present invention, a single thermoplastic resin may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination. Furthermore, when two or more thermoplastic resins are used in combination, the intermediate film may contain two or more thermoplastic resins in one resin layer (the first or the second resin layer), or different types of thermoplastic resins may be contained in different resin layers (the first and the second resin layers).

[0201] Among them, at least one selected from polyvinyl acetal resin and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin is preferred, especially when used in combination with a plasticizer, and polyvinyl acetal resin is more preferred in terms of its excellent adhesion to inorganic glass.

[0202] Therefore, the resin in each of the first resin layers is more preferably selected from at least one of polyvinyl acetal resin and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, and more preferably polyvinyl acetal resin. Similarly, the resin in each of the second resin layers is more preferably selected from at least one of polyvinyl acetal resin and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, and more preferably polyvinyl acetal resin.

[0203] Furthermore, regarding the resins constituting each resin layer, any appropriate resin can be selected from the resins listed above. Additionally, the resins constituting each resin layer may be different, but it is preferable that they are the same.

[0204] Therefore, the resins constituting the first and second resin layers are preferably polyvinyl acetal resins or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, and more preferably polyvinyl acetal resins.

[0205] (Polyvinyl acetal resin)

[0206] Polyvinyl alcohol acetal resin is any polyvinyl alcohol acetal resin obtained by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with aldehydes, and there are no special limitations.

[0207] There are no particular limitations on the aldehydes mentioned above; aldehydes with 1 to 10 carbon atoms are generally acceptable. Examples of aldehydes with 1 to 10 carbon atoms include: n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, n-pentanaldehyde, 2-ethylbutyraldehyde, n-hexanaldehyde, n-octanaldehyde, n-nonanaldehyde, n-decanaldehyde, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzaldehyde. These aldehydes can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0208] Of the above, n-butyraldehyde, n-hexanaldehyde, and n-pentanaldehyde are preferred, with n-butyraldehyde being more preferred. Therefore, polyvinyl alcohol acetal resin is preferably polyvinyl alcohol butyral resin.

[0209] Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can be obtained, for example, by saponifying polyethylene esters such as polyvinyl acetate. The degree of saponification of polyvinyl alcohol is generally 70–99.9 mol%. Polyvinyl alcohol acetal resin can be used alone or in combination with two or more types.

[0210] The average degree of polymerization of PVA is preferably 200 or more, more preferably 500 or more, even more preferably 1000 or more, and even more preferably 1500 or more. If the average degree of polymerization is set to the lower limit mentioned above or above, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass becomes higher. Furthermore, the average degree of polymerization of PVA is preferably 5000 or less, more preferably 4000 or less, even more preferably 3500 or less, and even more preferably 2500 or less.

[0211] Furthermore, the average degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol was determined according to the method in JIS K6726 "Test Method for Polyvinyl Alcohol".

[0212] The hydroxyl content of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 15 mol% or more, and more preferably 38 mol% or less. By having a hydroxyl content of 15 mol% or more, adhesion is easily improved, and the penetration resistance of the laminated glass is also easily improved. Furthermore, by having a hydroxyl content of 38 mol% or less, the laminated glass is prevented from becoming too rigid. From the viewpoint of adhesion to laminated glass components, the aforementioned hydroxyl content is more preferably 20 mol% or more, and even more preferably 25 mol% or more. Furthermore, the aforementioned hydroxyl content is more preferably 35 mol% or less, and even more preferably 33 mol% or less.

[0213] When using polyvinyl butyral resin as the polyvinyl acetal resin, from the same viewpoint, the amount of hydroxyl groups is 15 mol% or more, and preferably 38 mol% or less, more preferably 20 mol% or more, even more preferably 25 mol% or more, more preferably 35 mol% or less, and even more preferably 33 mol% or less.

[0214] The hydroxyl content of polyvinyl acetal resin is a percentage obtained by dividing the amount of hydroxyl-bonded ethylene by the total amount of ethylene in the main chain. The amount of hydroxyl-bonded ethylene can be determined, for example, according to JIS K6728 "Test Method for Polyvinyl Butyral".

[0215] The degree of acetalization of the above-mentioned polyvinyl alcohol acetal resin is preferably 47 mol% or more, and more preferably 85 mol% or less. The degree of acetalization is more preferably 55 mol% or more, and even more preferably 60 mol% or more, and even more preferably 80 mol% or less, and even more preferably 75 mol% or less.

[0216] Furthermore, in the case where the acetal group is butyraldehyde and the polyvinyl alcohol acetal resin (A) is a polyvinyl alcohol butyraldehyde resin, the degree of acetalization refers to the degree of butyraldehydeization.

[0217] The aforementioned degree of acetalization is obtained as follows: the mole fraction is calculated by subtracting the amount of hydroxyl-bonded ethylene and the amount of acetyl-bonded ethylene from the total amount of ethylene in the main chain, dividing the resulting value by the total amount of ethylene in the main chain, and then expressing this mole fraction as a percentage. The degree of acetalization (butyralization) can, for example, be calculated based on results obtained according to JIS K6728 "Test Method for Polyvinyl Butyral".

[0218] The degree of acetylation of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 30 mol% or less, more preferably 20 mol% or less, even more preferably 10 mol% or less, and even more preferably 2 mol% or less. If the degree of acetylation is below the above-mentioned upper limit, the moisture resistance of the interlayer and the laminated glass becomes higher. Furthermore, the degree of acetylation is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 mol% or more, more preferably 0.1 mol% or more.

[0219] The degree of acetylation mentioned above is a percentage obtained by dividing the amount of acetyl-bonded ethylene by the total amount of ethylene in the main chain. The amount of acetyl-bonded ethylene can be determined, for example, according to JIS K6728 "Test Method for Polyvinyl Butyral".

[0220] (Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin)

[0221] The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin can be a non-crosslinked ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, or a high-temperature crosslinked ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin. Furthermore, ethylene-vinyl acetate modified resins such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer saponifications and ethylene-vinyl acetate hydrolysates can also be used as the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin.

[0222] In the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, the vinyl acetate content, as determined according to JIS K 6730 "Test Method for Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Resins" or JIS K 6924-2:1997, is preferably 10 to 50% by mass, more preferably 20 to 40% by mass. Setting the vinyl acetate content above these lower limits increases the adhesion of the laminated glass component and also facilitates good penetration resistance of the laminated glass. Furthermore, setting the vinyl acetate content below these upper limits increases the tensile strength of the interlayer and improves the impact resistance of the laminated glass.

[0223] (Ion-polymer resin)

[0224] There are no particular limitations on the ionomer resin; various ionomer resins can be used. Specifically, examples include: vinyl ionomers, styrene ionomers, perfluorocarbon ionomers, teleclaw ionomers, and polyurethane ionomers. Among these, vinyl ionomers are preferred in terms of improving the mechanical strength, durability, and transparency of laminated glass, as well as their excellent adhesion to laminated glass components.

[0225] As an ethylene-based ionomer, ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymers exhibit excellent transparency and toughness, making them a preferred choice. Ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymers are copolymers having at least constituent units derived from ethylene and constituent units derived from unsaturated carboxylic acids, and may also have constituent units derived from other monomers.

[0226] Examples of unsaturated carboxylic acids include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and maleic acid, with acrylic acid and methacrylic acid being preferred, and methacrylic acid being particularly preferred. Other monomers include acrylates, methacrylates, and 1-butene.

[0227] As an ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer, when all the constituent units of the copolymer are set to 100 mol%, it is preferable to have 75 to 99 mol% of constituent units from ethylene, and more preferably 1 to 25 mol% of constituent units from unsaturated carboxylic acids.

[0228] Ionic polymers of ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymers are ionomer resins obtained by neutralizing or crosslinking at least a portion of the carboxyl groups of the ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer with metal ions, wherein the degree of neutralization of the carboxyl groups is typically 1 to 90%, preferably 5 to 85%.

[0229] As ion sources in ionomer resins, examples include alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium, as well as multivalent metals such as magnesium, calcium, and zinc, with sodium and zinc being preferred.

[0230] There are no particular limitations on the manufacturing method of the ionomer resin, and it can be manufactured using conventionally known methods. For example, in the case where an ionomer of an ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer is used as the ionomer resin, ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer is produced by free radical copolymerization of ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acid under high temperature and high pressure. Then, the ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer is reacted with a metal compound containing the aforementioned ion source, thereby producing an ionomer of the ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer.

[0231] (Polyurethane resin)

[0232] Examples of polyurethane resins include: polyurethanes obtained by reacting isocyanate compounds with glycol compounds; and polyurethanes obtained by reacting isocyanate compounds with glycol compounds and chain extenders such as polyamines. Furthermore, polyurethane resins may contain sulfur atoms. In this case, a substance selected from polythiols and sulfur-containing polyols may be used as part or all of the aforementioned glycols. Polyurethane resins can improve adhesion to plexiglass. Therefore, they are suitable for use when the laminated glass component is plexiglass.

[0233] (Thermoplastic elastomer)

[0234] Examples of thermoplastic elastomers include styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers and aliphatic polyolefins. There are no particular limitations on styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers, and known types can be used. Generally, styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers have styrene monomer polymer blocks that form hard segments, and conjugated diene compound polymer blocks or their hydrogenated blocks that form soft segments. Specific examples of styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers include styrene-isoprene diblock copolymers, styrene-butadiene diblock copolymers, styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymers, styrene-butadiene / isoprene-styrene triblock copolymers, styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymers, and their hydrogenates.

[0235] The aforementioned aliphatic polyolefin can be either saturated or unsaturated. It can also be a polyolefin using chain olefins as monomers or a polyolefin using cyclic olefins as monomers. From the viewpoint of effectively improving the storage stability and sound insulation of the interlayer membrane, the aforementioned aliphatic polyolefin is preferably a saturated aliphatic polyolefin.

[0236] Examples of materials that can be used as aliphatic polyolefins include: ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene, 1-pentene, trans-2-pentene, cis-2-pentene, 1-hexene, trans-2-hexene, cis-2-hexene, trans-3-hexene, cis-3-hexene, 1-heptene, trans-2-heptene, cis-2-heptene, trans-3-heptene, cis-3-heptene, 1-octene, trans-2-octene, cis-2-octene, trans-3-heptene. Octene, cis-3-octene, trans-4-octene, cis-4-octene, 1-nonene, trans-2-nonene, cis-2-nonene, trans-3-nonene, cis-3-nonene, trans-4-nonene, cis-4-nonene, 1-decene, trans-2-decene, cis-2-decene, trans-3-decene, cis-3-decene, trans-4-decene, cis-4-decene, trans-5-decene, cis-5-decene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, and vinylcyclohexane, etc.

[0237] (Plasticizer)

[0238] The interlayer may further contain plasticizers. As described above, the interlayer has one or more resin layers, and each resin layer (i.e., for example, each of the first resin layer and the second resin layer) may contain plasticizers in addition to thermoplastic resins.

[0239] Each resin layer becomes flexible by containing a plasticizer, which improves the flexibility and penetration resistance of the laminated glass. Furthermore, it also improves the adhesion to the laminated glass components. The presence of a plasticizer is particularly effective when polyvinyl acetal resin is used as the thermoplastic resin. Therefore, each resin layer, such as the first resin layer or the second resin layer, is more preferably composed of polyvinyl acetal resin and a plasticizer.

[0240] Examples of plasticizers include organic ester plasticizers such as monobasic and polybasic organic esters, and phosphorus-based plasticizers such as organophosphate plasticizers and organophosphorous ester plasticizers. Among these, organic ester plasticizers are preferred.

[0241] Regarding organic ester plasticizers, examples include: triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol dioctanoate, triethylene glycol di-n-octanoate, triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl carbitol adipate, ethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,3-propanediol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,4-butanediol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,2-butanediol di-2-ethylbutyrate, and diethyl... Diethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, dipropylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylvalerate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol dioctanoate, triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, dihexyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, hexyl adipate cyclohexyl adipate, diisononyl adipate, heptyl adipate nonyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, oil-modified sebacate glycolate, mixtures of phosphate esters and adipates, and mixed adipates, etc. As mixed adipates, adipates made from two or more alcohols selected from alkyl alcohols with 4 to 9 carbon atoms and cyclic alcohols with 4 to 9 carbon atoms can be listed.

[0242] Among the plasticizers mentioned above, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) is particularly suitable.

[0243] For example, the content of plasticizer in each resin layer, such as each first resin layer or each second resin layer, is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 parts by weight or more and 100 parts by weight or less relative to 100 parts by weight of thermoplastic resin. If the content of plasticizer is 10 parts by weight or more, the resin layer becomes moderately soft, and its penetration resistance, adhesion, etc., become good. Furthermore, if the content of plasticizer is 100 parts by weight or less, it will prevent the plasticizer from separating from each resin layer. The content of plasticizer in each resin layer is more preferably 20 parts by weight or more, more preferably 30 parts by weight or more, more preferably 35 parts by weight or more, more preferably 70 parts by weight or less, and more preferably 63 parts by weight or less.

[0244] Each resin layer uses resin, or resin and plasticizer as the main component. For example, in each first resin layer or each second resin layer, the total amount of thermoplastic resin and plasticizer is based on the total amount of each resin layer, usually 70% by mass or more, preferably 80% by mass or more, and even more preferably 90% by mass or more and less than 100% by mass.

[0245] [Other Additives]

[0246] Each resin layer of the present invention may contain additives other than those described above, including ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, light stabilizers, adhesion modifiers, heat insulation agents, fluorescent whitening agents, and crystal nucleating agents. The intermediate film of the present invention, as described above, has one or more resin layers, and each resin layer may suitably contain at least one additive selected from these additives.

[0247] <Layered Structure>

[0248] The laminated structure of the intermediate film of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0249] For example, such as Figures 2-19 As shown, the intermediate film 10 preferably includes: a reflective layer 15, one or more first resin layers 11 disposed on one side 10A of the intermediate film closer to the reflective layer 15, and one or more second resin layers 12 disposed on the other side 10B of the intermediate film closer to the reflective layer 15.

[0250] Furthermore, the interlayer 10 can be bonded to the first laminated glass member 21 via one or more first resin layers 11, and to the second laminated glass member 22 via one or more second resin layers 12 to form laminated glass 20. Here, in the interlayer 10, one side 10A can be the bonding surface for bonding with the first laminated glass member 21, and the other side 10B can be the bonding surface for bonding with the second laminated glass member 22. However, other layers can also be provided between one side 10A and the first laminated glass member 21, and between the other side 10B and the second laminated glass member 22.

[0251] Furthermore, as described above, when the interlayer 10 is used as laminated glass, the side of the second resin layer 12, i.e. the other side 10B, can be disposed on the outdoor side (i.e., the outer side of the vehicle if it is a car), and the side 10A can be disposed on the indoor side (i.e., the inner side of the vehicle if it is a car).

[0252] The layer structure in the case where the interlayer film has a first and a second resin layer is described in more detail below. For example... Figures 2-5 As shown, the intermediate film preferably has a coloring layer 11A as the first resin layer 11. In this case, on the other side of the reflective layer, as the second resin layer 12, a filler layer 12B can be provided (see reference). Figure 2 Alternatively, a heat insulation layer 12C can be installed (refer to...). Figure 3 Alternatively, a 12D transparent layer can be set (see reference). Figure 4 It can also set a color layer 12A (refer to...) Figure 5 ).

[0253] like Figure 2As shown, the intermediate film 10 has a colored layer 11A on one side 10A and a filler layer 12B on the other side 10B. This allows the colored layer 11A and the filler layer 12B to easily increase the color difference ΔE*ab(R) of the reflected light, thereby making the design observed from one side 10A significantly different from the design observed from the other side 10B. Furthermore, the filler layer 12B can also impart a metallic feel or produce a color shift, further enhancing the design appeal.

[0254] Furthermore, by placing the filler layer 12B on the other side 10B and the coloring layer 11A on one side 10A, the metallic effect is stronger when viewed from the other side 10B (i.e., the outdoor side), while it gives a weaker impression when viewed from the one side 10A (i.e., the indoor side). Therefore, when viewed from the other side 10B (i.e., the outdoor side), the appearance can be impactful, while when viewed from the one side 10A (i.e., the indoor side), it can create a calm and composed interior, thus enhancing the design.

[0255] like Figure 3 As shown, the intermediate film 10 has a colored layer 11A on one side 10A and a heat-insulating layer 12C on the other side 10B. In this way, the colored layer 11A makes it easy for the color difference ΔE*ab(R) of reflected light to be above a certain value, allowing the design viewed from one side to be significantly different from the design viewed from the other side. Furthermore, by providing the heat-insulating layer, it is possible to appropriately prevent heat buildup inside the vehicle or interior.

[0256] In addition, such as Figure 4 As shown, the intermediate film 10 has a colored layer 11A on one side 10A and a transparent layer 12D on the other side 10B, thereby allowing a relatively large color difference between the visible light transmitted through the first resin layer 11 (visible light transmitted light) and the visible light transmitted through the second resin layer 12 (visible light transmitted light). Therefore, the design viewed from one side can be significantly different from the design viewed from the other side. Furthermore, by providing the transparent layer 12D, the overall transmittance of the intermediate film 10 is easily improved. Moreover, in... Figure 4 In the configuration, as described below, the second resin layer 12 may also be a multilayer structure. In this case, the second resin layer 12 is preferably a transparent layer.

[0257] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the intermediate film 10 has a coloring layer 11A on one side 10A and a coloring layer 12A on the other side 10B, thereby enabling the expression of multiple colors. In addition, it is also possible to make the design viewed from one side different from the design viewed from the other side.

[0258] Furthermore, when the intermediate film 10 has a coloring layer 11A on one side 10A and a coloring layer 12A on the other side 10B, the type or content of the colorant in each coloring layer can be appropriately adjusted such that the color difference ΔE*ab(S) is a certain value or higher. Additionally, the type or content of the colorant used can be appropriately adjusted such that L*(S1) in the visible light transmitted from the first resin layer 11 is less than L*(S2) in the visible light transmitted from the second resin layer 12, and the difference ΔL* is a certain value or higher.

[0259] In addition, as mentioned above Figure 2 or Figures 6-8 As shown, the intermediate film preferably has a filler layer 12B as a second resin layer 12 on the other side 10B. In this case, on one side 10A, as a first resin layer 11, a coloring layer 11A can be provided as described above (see reference). Figure 2 Alternatively, an insulation layer 11C can be installed (refer to...). Figure 6 Alternatively, a transparent layer 11D can be set (see reference). Figure 7 Alternatively, a packing layer 11B can be provided (refer to...). Figure 8 ).

[0260] like Figure 6 As shown, the interlayer 10 has a heat-insulating layer 11C on one side 10A and a filler-containing layer 12B on the other side 10B. This filler-containing layer 12B facilitates the chromatic difference ΔE*ab(R) of reflected light to be above a certain value, thereby making the design viewed from one side significantly different from the design viewed from the other. Furthermore, it can also give off a metallic feel or produce color shift. In addition, by providing the heat-insulating layer 11C, it is possible to appropriately prevent heat buildup inside the vehicle or interior.

[0261] like Figure 7 As shown, the intermediate film 10 has a transparent layer 11D on one side 10A and a filler layer 12B on the other side 10B. This filler layer 12B facilitates ensuring that the chromatic difference ΔE*ab(R) of reflected light is above a certain value, thereby making the design viewed from one side significantly different from the design viewed from the other. Furthermore, it can also impart a metallic sheen or produce color shift. Additionally, the transparent layer 11D easily improves the overall transmittance of the intermediate film 10.

[0262] In addition, such as Figure 8 As shown, the intermediate film 10 has a filler layer 11B and a filler layer 12B on one side 10A and the other side 10B, respectively. In this way, it can emit a full metallic feel not only when viewed from the other side 10B (outdoor side) but also when viewed from one side 10A (indoor side). In addition, it can easily produce color shift.

[0263] Furthermore, it allows the design to differ when viewed from one side from the design viewed from the other side.

[0264] Furthermore, as described above, in the case where the intermediate film 10 has filler layers 12B and 11B on both sides, the type or content of the filler (A) used can be appropriately adjusted so that the color difference ΔE*ab(S) becomes a certain value or higher. In addition, the type or content of the filler (A) used can be appropriately adjusted such that L*(S1) in the visible light transmitted from the first resin layer 11 is less than L*(S2) in the visible light transmitted from the second resin layer 12, and the difference ΔL* becomes a certain value or higher.

[0265] In addition, in the above Figures 2-8 In the structure, the first resin layer 11 is composed of one layer and the second resin layer 12 is composed of one layer. However, in each structure, at least one of the first resin layer 11 and the second resin layer 12 may be two or more layers.

[0266] In cases where either the first resin layer 11 or the second resin layer 12 consists of two or more layers, the intermediate film preferably has the following structure: Figures 2-5 As illustrated and explained, the first resin layer 11 has a coloring layer 11A, or as Figure 2 , 6 As illustrated and explained in ~8, the second resin layer 12 includes a filler layer 12B.

[0267] For example, in a configuration where a coloring layer 11A is provided as a first resin layer 11 and a filler-containing layer 12B is provided as a second resin layer 12, such as Figure 9 As shown, a transparent layer 12D may also be additionally provided on the second resin layer 12, and the second resin layer 12 may have a transparent layer 12D and a filler layer 12B. Of course, in the configuration where a coloring layer 11A is provided as the first resin layer 11 and a filler layer 12B is provided as the second resin layer 12, although not shown, the first resin layer 11 may also have a transparent layer 11D and a coloring layer 11A.

[0268] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown in the configuration, in a form where a coloring layer 11A is provided as the first resin layer 11 and a transparent layer 12D is provided as the second resin layer 12, such as Figure 10 As shown, a transparent layer 11D may also be additionally provided on the first resin layer 11, and the first resin layer 11 may have a coloring layer 11A and a transparent layer 11D.

[0269] Similarly, in a configuration where a transparent layer 11D is provided as the first resin layer 11 and a filler-containing layer 12B is provided as the second resin layer 12, such as Figure 11As shown, a transparent layer 12D may also be additionally provided on the second resin layer 12, and the second resin layer 11 may have a filler layer 12B and a transparent layer 12D.

[0270] Furthermore, for example, in a configuration where a coloring layer 11A is provided as the first resin layer 11 and a coloring layer 12A is provided as the second resin layer 12, such as Figure 12 As shown, a transparent layer 11D may also be additionally provided on the first resin layer 11, and the first resin layer 11 may have a coloring layer 11A and a transparent layer 11D. Similarly, although not shown, in a configuration where a coloring layer 11A is provided as the first resin layer 11 and a coloring layer 12B is provided as the second resin layer 12, a transparent layer 12D may also be additionally provided on the second resin layer 12, and the second resin layer 12 may have a coloring layer 12A and a transparent layer 12D.

[0271] Furthermore, for example, in a configuration where a filler layer 11B is provided as a first resin layer 11 and a filler layer 12B is provided as a second resin layer 12, such as Figure 13 As shown, a transparent layer 12D may also be additionally provided on the second resin layer 12, and the second resin layer 12 may have a filler layer 12B and a transparent layer 12D. Similarly, although not shown, in a configuration where a filler layer 11B is provided as a first resin layer 11 and a filler layer 12B is provided as a second resin layer 12, a transparent layer 11D may also be additionally provided on the first resin layer 11, and the first resin layer 11 may have a filler layer 11B and a transparent layer 11D.

[0272] Furthermore, although the above describes a configuration where multiple first resin layers 11 are provided, including layers other than the transparent layer 11D such as a transparent layer 11D and a coloring layer 11A, it is not necessary to always provide a transparent layer 11D. Two layers other than the transparent layer 11 can be provided. For example, two or more identical layers other than the transparent layer 11D, such as coloring layers 11A, can be provided. Alternatively, two or more different layers other than the transparent layer 11D can be provided, for example, such as... Figure 14 As shown, a coloring layer 11A and a filler-containing layer 11B can be provided. In this case, the second resin layer 12 preferably has a filler-containing layer 12B, but it may also have other forms.

[0273] Similarly, although the example shows a configuration where multiple second resin layers 12 are provided, including a transparent layer 12D and a filler layer 12B, other than the transparent layer 12D, as the second resin layer 12, it is not always necessary to provide a transparent layer 12D. Two layers other than the transparent layer 12 can be provided. For example, two or more identical layers other than the transparent layer 12D, such as filler layers 12B, can be provided. Alternatively, two or more different layers other than the transparent layer 12D can be provided, for example... Figure 15 As shown, a coloring layer 12A and a filler layer 12B can be provided. In this case, the first resin layer 11 is preferably provided with the coloring layer 11A, but it may also have other forms.

[0274] The above describes a structure with a colored layer 11A as the first resin layer 11 or a filler-containing layer 12B as the second resin layer 12. However, the colored layer 11A and the filler-containing layer 12B may not be provided. In such cases, for example, each of the first resin layer 11 and the second resin layer 12 may be composed of at least one of a heat-insulating layer and a transparent layer, as one configuration. Figure 16 As shown, the first resin layer 11 and the second resin layer 12 can both be transparent layers 11D and 12D.

[0275] In such a case, the structure of the transparent layers 11D and 12D can be adjusted such that, for example, ΔE*ab(S) becomes a certain value or higher, and L*(S1) is less than L*(S2), and the difference ΔL*(S) becomes a certain value or higher. For example, the thickness of the first resin layer 11 can be greater than the thickness of the second resin layer 12.

[0276] In cases where the first resin layer 11 is composed of two or more layers, for example, such as Figure 17 As shown, it can have a three-layer structure in which the central resin layer in the first resin layer 11 is designated as the core layer 11T, and the layers on both sides of it are designated as surface layers 11S, 11S, thereby giving it sound insulation performance.

[0277] Here, the resins used in the surface layer 11S and the core layer 11T are as described above, preferably polyvinyl acetal resin, and more preferably polyvinyl butyral resin.

[0278] Furthermore, as described above, both the surface layer 11S and the core layer 11T preferably contain plasticizers. In this case, the content of plasticizer in the core layer 11T relative to 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin is preferably more than the content of plasticizer in the surface layer 11S relative to 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin, and the difference is preferably 5 parts by mass or more and 60 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 parts by mass or more and 50 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 15 parts by mass or more and 35 parts by mass or less. By increasing the content of plasticizer in the core layer 11T, the sound insulation performance can be easily improved.

[0279] Furthermore, the amount of hydroxyl groups in the polyvinyl acetal resin in the core layer 11T is preferably lower than the amount of hydroxyl groups in the polyvinyl acetal resin in the surface layer 11S. The difference in the amount of hydroxyl groups is preferably 1 mol% or more and 20 mol% or less, more preferably 2 mol% or more and 15 mol% or less, and even more preferably 2 mol% or less and 10 mol% or less. By reducing the amount of hydroxyl groups in the core layer, it is easier to increase the content of plasticizer and also easier to improve the sound insulation performance.

[0280] In the case where the first resin layer has a three-layer structure, as described above, it is preferable that the first resin layer has a coloring layer 11A, preferably either the surface layer 11S or the core layer 11T is the coloring layer 11A, such as... Figure 17 As shown, preferably, either of the surface layers 11S or 11S is a coloring layer 11A, wherein, as... Figure 17 As shown, more preferably, the outer surface layer 11S is a coloring layer 11A.

[0281] In this situation, such as Figure 17 As shown, the second resin layer 12 may be provided with a filler layer 12B, as referenced. Figures 3-5 The device may also include a heat insulation layer 12C, a transparent layer 12D, or a coloring layer 12A.

[0282] Of course, in the case where the first resin layer has a three-layer structure of surface layer 11S, 11S and core layer 11T, the first resin layer does not necessarily need to have a coloring layer, as shown in the reference. Figure 6 , 8 The aforementioned material may include a heat insulation layer 11C or a filler layer 11B. Similar to the case of the coloring layer 11A, the heat insulation layer 11C or the filler layer 11B may be composed of any one of the surface layers 11S, 11S and the core layer 11T, but preferably it may be composed of any one of the surface layers 11S, 11S, wherein the outer surface layer 11S is preferably the heat insulation layer 11C or the filler layer 11B.

[0283] In addition, as referenced Figure 7 , 16 As explained, the first resin layer 11 may not have a coloring layer 11A, a heat insulation layer 11C, or a filler layer 11B. The surface layer 11S, 11S, and the core layer 11T of the first resin layer 11 may all be transparent layers 11D.

[0284] Similarly, in cases where the second resin layer 11 is composed of two or more layers, for example, as Figure 18 As shown, the second resin layer may have a three-layer structure in which the central resin layer is the core layer 12T and the layers on both sides are the surface layers 12S, thereby imparting sound insulation performance.

[0285] In this case, the details of the core layer 12T and the surface layer 12S are the same as those of the core layer 11T and the surface layer 11S described above, so their description is omitted.

[0286] Furthermore, in the case where the second resin layer has a three-layer structure, as described above, it is preferable that the second resin layer has a filler-containing layer 12B, preferably either the surface layer 12S or the core layer 12T is the filler-containing layer 12B, more preferably either the surface layer 12S or 12S is the filler-containing layer 12B, wherein, as Figure 18As shown, the outermost surface layer 12S is preferably a filler layer 12B.

[0287] In this situation, such as Figure 18 As shown, the first resin layer 11 may be provided with a coloring layer 11A, as referenced. Figures 6-8 The aforementioned material may also include a heat insulation layer 11C, a transparent layer 11D, or a filler layer 11B.

[0288] Of course, in the case where the second resin layer has a three-layer structure, namely the surface layer 12S, 12S and the core layer 12T, the second resin layer does not necessarily need to have a filler layer 12B, as shown in the reference. Figure 3 , Figure 5 As described, a heat insulation layer 12C or a coloring layer 12A may be provided. Similar to the case with a filler layer 12B, the heat insulation layer 12C or the coloring layer 12A may be composed of any one of the surface layers 12S, 12S and the core layer 12T, but it is preferred that it is composed of any one of the surface layers 12S, 12S, wherein the outer surface layer 12S is preferably the heat insulation layer 12C or the coloring layer 12A.

[0289] In addition, as referenced Figure 4 , 16 As explained, the second resin layer may not include the coloring layer 12A, the heat insulation layer 12C, or the filler layer 12B, and the surface layer 12S, 12S and the core layer 122T may all be transparent layer 12D.

[0290] Furthermore, the above-described laminated structure of the intermediate film is just one example, and is not limited to the above-described laminated structure. One or more first resin layers and one or more second resin layers may also have laminated structures other than those described above.

[0291] In addition, at least one of the first resin layer and the second resin layer may be omitted. In such cases, the reflective layer may be directly bonded to the laminated glass component, or the reflective layer may be bonded to the laminated glass component via layers other than the first and second resin layers.

[0292] (Optical properties of the resin layer)

[0293] The intermediate film preferably comprises, as described above, a reflective layer, one or more first resin layers 11, and one or more second resin layers 12. In this case, the color difference ΔE*ab (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "ΔE*ab(S)") between the visible light transmitted from the first resin layer 11 and the visible light transmitted from the second resin layer 12 in the L*a*b* colorimetric system can be, for example, greater than 0 and less than 100.

[0294] By making ΔE*ab(S) greater than 0, it is easy to make the aforementioned color difference ΔE*ab(R) above a certain value, which allows the design viewed from one side to differ from the design viewed from the other side. Furthermore, by setting it to less than 100, it becomes unnecessary to apply extreme coloring to the first or second resin layer, thus maintaining good design integrity.

[0295] ΔE*ab (hereinafter referred to as ΔE*ab(S)) is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 5 or more, more preferably 20 or more, more preferably 35 or more, and preferably 95 or less, more preferably 85 or less, more preferably 75 or less, and more preferably 65 or less.

[0296] Furthermore, regarding the visible light transmitted through the first resin layer 11 (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "L*(S1)") and the visible light transmitted through the second resin layer 12 (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "L*(S2)"), it is preferable that L*(S2) is higher than L*(S1). By making L*(S2) higher than L*(S1), the design is better able to reflect the reflected light from the reflective layer 15 when viewed from the other side 10B of the intermediate film 10 (i.e., the outdoor side) compared to when viewed from one side 10A of the intermediate film 10. Therefore, when viewed from the outdoor side, a more impactful appearance can be formed, thereby further improving the design.

[0297] Furthermore, the difference ΔL*(S) between L*(S2) and L*(S1) is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 5 or more, more preferably 20 or more, more preferably 30 or more, and more preferably 95 or less, more preferably 85 or less, more preferably 75 or less, and more preferably 65 or less.

[0298] Furthermore, there is no particular limitation on the visible light transmission light L*(S1) of the first resin layer 11. From the viewpoint of imparting a certain degree of transparency to the interlayer, a value of 5 or more is preferred, more preferably 10 or more, further preferably 20 or more, and even more preferably 35 or more. In addition, L*(S1) less than 100 is acceptable, but from the viewpoint of practicality and design, a value of 97 or less is preferred, more preferably 80 or less, further preferably 70 or less, and even more preferably 60 or less.

[0299] Furthermore, there is no particular limitation on the visible light transmission L*(S2) of the second resin layer 12. From the viewpoint of imparting a certain degree of transparency to the interlayer, a value of 40 or higher is preferred, more preferably 50 or higher, and even more preferably 60 or higher, and even more preferably 70 or higher. In addition, L*(S2) less than 100 is acceptable, but from the viewpoint of practicality and design, a value of 98 or lower is preferred, more preferably 97 or lower, and even more preferably 93 or lower.

[0300] Furthermore, ΔE*ab(S) can be calculated as follows: Based on the visible light transmitted when the first and second resin layers are irradiated, L*, a*, and b* of each of the first and second resin layers are measured, and the color difference (ΔE*ab(S)) is calculated based on the measured L*, a*, and b*. Then, the calculated color difference (ΔE*ab(S)) is taken as the color difference ΔE*ab(S) between the visible light transmitted from the first resin layer and the visible light transmitted from the second resin layer in the L*a*b* color system. In the case where multiple first resin layers are provided, the aforementioned visible light transmitted refers to the transmitted light through all the provided first resin layers; therefore, L*, a*, and b* can be measured using a laminate of multiple first resin layers. The same applies when a second resin layer is provided.

[0301] In addition, the optical properties of each resin layer, such as L*, a*, and b*, are measured by bonding two standard transparent glass plates together with each resin layer in between to create a laminated glass, and then measuring the laminated glass. The measured values ​​are used as the optical properties of each resin layer.

[0302] In the case where the interlayer of the present invention has a heat-insulating layer, the total solar transmittance (Tts) of the laminated glass produced by bonding two standard transparent glass plates through the interlayer is preferably 70% or less. By ensuring that the total solar transmittance (Tts) is 70% or less, sufficient heat insulation can be ensured, thereby preventing the interior of the vehicle or indoors from getting hot.

[0303] The total solar transmittance (Tts) is more preferably 60% or less, more preferably 55% or less, more preferably 45% or less, more preferably 40% or less, more preferably 35% or less, and particularly preferably 33% or less. From the viewpoint of improving heat insulation, a lower total solar transmittance (Tts) is preferred, as long as it is 0% or more, but from a practical point of view, it is preferred to be 10% or more. Furthermore, regarding the total solar transmittance (Tts), it is acceptable if either of the measured values ​​is within the above-mentioned range when light is incident from both sides, and it is preferable that the value measured when light is incident from the other side 10B (i.e., the outdoor side) is within the above-mentioned range.

[0304] Furthermore, the Tts mentioned here refers to the value measured when light is transmitted from the outside of the vehicle (i.e., the side of the second resin layer).

[0305] In cases where the first resin layer in the intermediate film is multilayered (preferably three or more layers), any one of the multiple first resin layers can be disposed in a portion of the region. For example, in the first resin layer, some regions may have a stacked structure of transparent layer / colored layer / transparent layer, while other regions have a stacked structure of transparent layer / transparent layer. In this case, in the region where no colored layer is disposed, two transparent layers can be integrated to form one transparent layer.

[0306] Similarly, when the second resin layer is multi-layered (preferably three or more layers), any one of the multiple second resin layers can be disposed in a portion of the area. For example, in the second resin layer, some areas may have a layered structure of transparent layer / filler layer / transparent layer, while other areas have a layered structure of transparent layer / transparent layer. In this case, in the area where no filler layer is disposed, two transparent layers can be integrated to form one transparent layer.

[0307] Thus, in the case where either a plurality of first resin layers or a plurality of second resin layers are provided in a portion of the region, the color difference ΔE*ab(R) in any region can be a specified value. Furthermore, it is sufficient that the above-described laminated structure is present in any region.

[0308] The interlayer membrane has a rectangular cross-section and a fixed thickness, but the cross-section is not limited to a rectangle; for example, it can also be wedge-shaped. A wedge-shaped interlayer membrane is a membrane whose thickness is different at one end of the cross-section from the opposite end. The cross-section can be trapezoidal or triangular. Furthermore, a wedge-shaped interlayer membrane is a membrane whose thickness changes from one end to the other, but the thickness does not need to change throughout; it can also have sections with uniform thickness, while the sections with varying thickness constitute a single portion.

[0309] [Thickness of each layer]

[0310] The total thickness of the first resin layer is preferably 0.1 mm or more and 1.8 mm or less, more preferably 0.16 mm or more and 1.6 mm or less, and even more preferably 0.2 mm or more and 1.2 mm or less.

[0311] Furthermore, regarding the "total thickness" mentioned here, in the case where the first resin layer is a single layer, it refers to the thickness of that single resin layer; in the case where there are multiple first resin layers, it refers to the total thickness of the multiple layers. The same applies to the total thickness of the second resin layer below.

[0312] Furthermore, in the case where multiple first resin layers exist, the thickness of each first resin layer is preferably 0.05 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less, more preferably 0.08 mm or more and 0.9 mm or less, and even more preferably 0.1 mm or more and 0.8 mm or less. In the case where multiple first resin layers exist, the thickness of each first resin layer may be the same or different from each other.

[0313] The total thickness of the second resin layer is preferably 0.1 mm or more and 1.8 mm or less, more preferably 0.16 mm or more and 1.6 mm or less, and even more preferably 0.2 mm or more and 1.2 mm or less. The total thickness of the second resin layer may be the same as or different from the total thickness of the first resin layer.

[0314] Furthermore, in the case where multiple second resin layers exist, the thickness of each second resin layer is preferably 0.05 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less, more preferably 0.08 mm or more and 0.9 mm or less, and even more preferably 0.1 mm or more and 0.8 mm or less. In the case where multiple second resin layers exist, the thickness of each second resin layer may be the same or different from each other.

[0315] Furthermore, there is no particular limitation on the overall thickness of the interlayer film, but it is preferably 0.25 mm or more and 3.5 mm or less, more preferably 0.4 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less, and even more preferably 0.5 mm or more and 2 mm or less.

[0316] Furthermore, the thickness of each resin layer and the intermediate film may vary. In such cases, it is sufficient to make the thickness of each resin layer and the thickness of the intermediate film described above the average value in the region where the color difference ΔE*ab(R) meets the specified necessary conditions.

[0317] (Method for manufacturing intermediate membrane)

[0318] The intermediate film of the present invention is not particularly limited and can be obtained by means of: preparing resin compositions for forming each resin layer, molding resin layers from the obtained resin compositions, appropriately stacking the molded resin layers onto the reflective layer, and, as needed, appropriately stacking the resin layers onto each other. Each resin composition can be obtained, for example, by mixing fillers (A), colorants, heat-insulating materials, plasticizers, and other additives as needed into a thermoplastic resin.

[0319] Here, in each colored layer, insulating layer, and filler-containing layer, colorants, insulating materials, and fillers (A) other than thermoplastic resins can be mixed in. However, from the viewpoint of improving the dispersibility of the resin composition, for example, when using plasticizers, any one of the colorants, insulating materials, or fillers (A) can be mixed into the plasticizer and sufficiently dispersed in the plasticizer before being mixed with the thermoplastic resin. In this case, dispersants or the like can also be appropriately added to the plasticizer.

[0320] Regarding the intermediate film, it can be shaped by extrusion molding, pressure molding, etc. For example, the resin layer obtained by extrusion molding can be laminated onto the reflective layer. Alternatively, the resin layers can be appropriately laminated together by extrusion molding. As for extrusion molding, co-extrusion can be used as needed.

[0321] Furthermore, the thickness of each resin layer varies along a direction orthogonal to the thickness direction. In such cases, the thickness can be changed, for example, by adjusting the resin supply during extrusion molding.

[0322] Furthermore, regarding the interlayer, a laminate can be obtained by preparing a resin layer and a reflective layer, and placing the resin layer and the reflective layer between a pair of laminated glass components. The laminate can then be hot-pressed (pressure-molded) to manufacture laminated glass, and the interlayer can be manufactured at the same time.

[0323] Furthermore, when the filler (A) has oriented anisotropy, such as when it has a flat plate shape, the filler (A) can be oriented along the surface direction of the intermediate film (each resin layer) by means of the above-mentioned pressure molding, extrusion molding, etc.

[0324] Laminated Glass

[0325] The present invention further provides a laminated glass. The laminated glass comprises two laminated glass members (a first and a second laminated glass member) and an interlayer disposed between these laminated glass members. The two laminated glass members are bonded together with respect to the interlayer. One side of the interlayer is bonded to one laminated glass member, and the other side is bonded to the other laminated glass member. The structure of the interlayer is as described above.

[0326] Laminated glass can be manufactured by placing the aforementioned interlayer film between two laminated glass components and then integrating them through hot pressing or other means. Alternatively, it can be manufactured by preparing a resin layer and a reflective layer, placing the resin layer and the reflective layer between a pair of laminated glass components to obtain a laminate, and then integrating the laminate by hot pressing or other means.

[0327] (Laminated glass component)

[0328] As components used in laminated glass, glass sheets can be listed, and these sheets can be either inorganic glass or organic glass, with inorganic glass being preferred. There are no particular limitations on inorganic glass, and examples include: clear glass, float glass, polished plate glass, patterned glass, wire-embedded plate glass, wire-lined plate glass, and tinted glass.

[0329] Furthermore, as for acrylic glass, it is generally made of glass known as resin glass, without particular limitation. Examples of acrylic glass made of resins such as polycarbonate, acrylic resins, acrylic copolymer resins, and polyester can be listed. Acrylic glass can also be colored glass. Furthermore, colored glass will be discussed later.

[0330] The two laminated glass components can be made of the same material or different materials. For example, one can be inorganic glass and the other can be organic glass. Preferably, both laminated glass components are inorganic glass or both are organic glass.

[0331] Furthermore, there is no particular limitation on the thickness of each laminated glass component; for example, it is approximately 0.1 to 15 mm, preferably 0.5 to 5 mm. The thickness of each laminated glass component may be the same or different, but it is preferred that they are the same.

[0332] The color difference ΔE*ab (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "ΔE*ab(Rg)") between the reflected light produced by light incident from one direction and the reflected light produced by light incident from the opposite direction in the laminated glass of the present invention can be 0.5 or more.

[0333] In this invention, by making the color difference ΔE*ab(R) of the reflected light 0.5 or more, the design when viewed from one side of the laminated glass of this invention is different from the design when viewed from the other side, thus giving the laminated glass a high degree of design flexibility.

[0334] From the viewpoint of improving design feasibility, the color difference ΔE*ab(Rg) of the reflected light is preferably 2.0 or more, more preferably 15 or more, and even more preferably 30 or more. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of ease of implementation and to prevent excessive differences between the design viewed from one side and the design viewed from the other side, the color difference ΔE*ab(Rg) of the reflected light is preferably 100 or less, more preferably 75 or less, and even more preferably 50 or less.

[0335] Furthermore, by setting the ΔE*ab(R) of the intermediate film to a certain value or higher as described above, the color difference ΔE*ab(Rg) can be set to a certain value or higher.

[0336] Furthermore, as shown in another form of laminated glass described below, by giving a laminated glass component (e.g., the first laminated glass component) a color, the color of the first component is different from the color of the second component, and the color difference ΔE*ab(Rg) can be adjusted to a specified range.

[0337] Furthermore, in this invention, the color difference ΔE*ab(Rg) between the reflected and transmitted light of the laminated glass can be obtained as follows: light is incident from one side (i.e., one direction) of the laminated glass, and the L*a*b* color space of the reflected light is obtained; light is incident from the other side (i.e., the opposite direction) of the laminated glass, and the L*a*b* color space of the reflected light is obtained; then, the color difference is calculated based on the obtained values ​​of L*, a*, and b*, and the color difference ΔE*ab(Rg) of the reflected light is obtained.

[0338] (Another form of laminated glass)

[0339] Another aspect of the laminated glass of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, such as... Figures 2-19 As shown, laminated glass may also be described as having "a first member 31 having a first laminated glass member 21 and one or more first resin layers 11", a reflective layer 15, and "a second member 32 having a second laminated glass member 22 and one or more second resin layers 12".

[0340] Here, in the laminated glass, a first laminated glass member 21, one or more first resin layers 11, a reflective layer 15, one or more second resin layers 12, and a second laminated glass member 22 are arranged sequentially. Furthermore, the first member 31 and the second member 32 may be different colors.

[0341] By providing a reflective layer 15 in the laminated glass with the above configuration, and by making the colors of the first member 31 and the second member 32 different from each other, it is possible to make ΔE*ab(Rg) greater than or equal to a specified value, so that the design of the laminated glass when viewed from one side is different from the design when viewed from the other side.

[0342] Here, to make the color of the first component 31 different from the color of the second component 32, for example, the color of the first resin layer 11 can be different from the color of the second resin layer 12. Specifically, as explained above, the color difference ΔE*ab (ΔE*ab(S)) between the visible light transmitted from the first resin layer 11 and the visible light transmitted from the second resin layer 12 can be, for example, greater than 0 and less than 100. Furthermore, the preferred range of ΔE*ab(S) is as described above. In addition, the color difference referred to here means that the color difference ΔE*ab(M) between the visible light transmitted from the first component 31 and the second component 32 in the L*a*b* color system is greater than 0, but this color difference ΔE*ab(M) is preferably 2.5 or more, more preferably 5, more preferably 15, more preferably 20 or more, and more preferably 30 or more. Furthermore, there is no particular limitation on the color difference ΔE*ab(M), but it is preferably 95 or less, more preferably 85 or less, more preferably 75 or less, and more preferably 65 or less.

[0343] Furthermore, regarding the visible light transmitted through the first member 31 (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "L*(M1)") and the visible light transmitted through the second member 32 (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "L*(M2)"), it is preferable that L*(M2) is higher than L*(M1). By making L*(M2) higher than L*(M1), the design is better able to reflect the reflected light from the second resin layer side (i.e., the outdoor side) compared to when viewed from the first resin layer side of the laminated glass 20.

[0344] Furthermore, in order to make the color of the first component 31 different from the color of the second component 32, the color of the first laminated glass component 21 can also be different from the color of the second laminated glass component 22. Specifically, the color difference ΔE*ab (hereinafter ΔE*ab(G)) between the visible light transmitted from the first laminated glass component 21 and the visible light transmitted from the first laminated glass component 22 in the L*a*b* color system can be, for example, greater than 0 and less than 100.

[0345] Here, ΔE*ab(G) is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 5 or more, more preferably 10 or more, more preferably 15 or more, and preferably 95 or less, more preferably 70 or less, more preferably 50 or less, and more preferably 40 or less.

[0346] In cases where the color of the first laminated glass member 21 differs from the color of the second laminated glass member 22, it is preferable that the visible light transmitted through the first laminated glass member 21 (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "L*(G1)") is higher than the visible light transmitted through the second laminated glass member 22 (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "L*(G2)") (G2). By making L*(G2) higher than L*(G1), the design reflects the reflected light from the reflective layer 15 better when viewed from the side of the second laminated glass member 22 (i.e., the other side 10B) compared to when viewed from the side of the first laminated glass member 21 (i.e., side 10A). Therefore, when viewed from the outdoor side, a more impactful appearance can be formed, thereby further improving the design.

[0347] Furthermore, when L*(G2) is higher than L*(G1), the difference ΔL*(G) between L*(G2) and L*(G1) is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 5 or more, more preferably 10 or more, more preferably 20 or more, and preferably 95 or less, more preferably 70 or less, more preferably 50 or less, and more preferably 40 or less.

[0348] Furthermore, when the color of the first laminated glass member 21 is different from the color of the second laminated glass member 22, there is no particular limitation on the L*(G1) of the visible light transmitted through the first laminated glass member 21. From the viewpoint of imparting a certain degree of transparency to the laminated glass, a value of 30 or higher is preferred, more preferably 40 or higher, further preferably 50 or higher, and even more preferably 55 or higher. In addition, L*(G1) less than 100 is acceptable, but from the viewpoint of practicality and design, a value of 97 or lower is preferred, more preferably 95 or lower, further preferably 90 or lower, and even more preferably 80 or lower.

[0349] Furthermore, in cases where the color of the first laminated glass member 21 is different from the color of the second laminated glass member 22, there is no particular limitation on the L*(G2) of the visible light transmitted by the second laminated glass member 22. From the viewpoint of imparting a certain degree of transparency to the laminated glass, it is preferable to have a value of 70 or higher, more preferably 80 or higher, and even more preferably 90 or higher. In addition, L*(G2) less than 100 is acceptable, but from the viewpoint of practicality and design, it is preferable to have a value of 98 or lower, more preferably 97 or lower.

[0350] As explained above, in order to make the color of the first laminated glass component 21 different from the color of the second laminated glass component 22, it is preferable to make colored glass by coloring at least one of them, wherein, for example Figure 19 As shown, it is preferable to make colored glass 21C by coloring the first laminated glass member 21. Colored glass 21C is glass that has been colored by a coloring agent.

[0351] Colored glass 21C may also contain colorants within the laminated glass component itself. For example, in the case where the glass component contains a colorant, a known composition can be used; in the case of inorganic glass, known colorants such as metal ions can be mixed into the inorganic glass. Furthermore, in the case of plexiglass, the aforementioned pigments, dyes, etc., can be mixed into the plexiglass. In the case where the glass component itself contains a colorant, for example, at least one of the two glass components may contain a colorant.

[0352] Alternatively, colored glass can be made by forming a colored layer containing a colorant on the surface of the laminated glass member. Specifically, it can be provided on the surface (inner surface 21X) of the laminated glass member 21 on the side of the interlayer film 10, or on the surface (outer surface 21Y) of the laminated glass member 21 opposite to the surface on the side of the interlayer film 10.

[0353] The coloring layer is a film formed on the surface of a glass component. As long as it contains a colorant, it can be in any shape. The film may contain adhesive components such as thermosetting resin and thermoplastic resin, and may also contain appropriate additives.

[0354] Tinted glass is generally the type of glass that is commercially available as green glass, privacy glass, etc.

[0355] Furthermore, in tinted glass, the tinting layer does not necessarily need to be applied to the entire area of ​​the laminated glass; it can be applied only to a portion of the glass. Additionally, even when the glass component constituting the laminated glass itself contains a colorant, thus coloring the glass component, only a portion of the glass component can be tinted.

[0356] Furthermore, regarding the form using tinted glass 21C, such as Figure 19 As shown, the first resin layer 11 and the second resin layer 12 are both transparent layers 11D and 12D, but the embodiment is not limited to this form and may be adapted to other forms. Figures 2-18 Any of the stacked structures shown can also be used in addition to those described above. Figures 2-18 Other than the stacked structure.

[0357] However, in the case of using tinted glass 21C, the preferred option among the above is... Figure 19 As shown, the first resin layer 11 and the first resin layer 12 are both transparent layers 11D and 12D, respectively, and the first resin layer 11 is provided with a coloring layer 11A (for example, see reference). Figures 2-5 The second resin layer 12 has a form containing a filler layer 12B (for example, see reference). Figure 2 , Figures 6-8 ).

[0358] Furthermore, in the configuration where the first resin layer 11 is provided with a coloring layer 11A, the second resin layer 12 is preferably in the configuration of a transparent layer 12D (for example, see...). Figure 4 The second resin layer 12 has a form containing a filler layer 12B (see reference). Figure 2 Furthermore, in the configuration where the second resin layer 12 has a filler layer 12B, it is preferable to have a coloring layer 11A in the first resin layer 11 (see reference). Figure 2 The first resin layer 11 is a transparent layer 11D (refer to...) Figure 7 ).

[0359] Furthermore, in cases where the color of the first component 31 is different from the color of the second component 32, the color of the first resin layer 11 may be different from the color of the second resin layer 12, and the color of the first laminated glass component 21 may be different from the color of the second laminated glass component 22.

[0360] The laminated glass of this invention can be used as window glass for various vehicles such as automobiles, airplanes, ships, and buildings, and is preferably used as laminated glass for automobiles. Laminated glass for automobiles can be any one of windshields (front windows), side windows, rear windows, or sunroofs.

[0361] In various applications, window glass is generally used as a component to separate the exterior from the interior. Furthermore, as explained above, the interlayer 10 may have one side 10A, which is the side of the first resin layer 11, disposed on the interior side (i.e., the interior side of a car), and the other side 10B, which is the side of the second resin layer 12, disposed on the exterior side (the exterior side of a car).

[0362] Example

[0363] The invention is further illustrated in detail by way of examples, but the invention is not limited by these examples.

[0364] The measurement and evaluation methods in this embodiment are as described below.

[0365] [Color difference of reflected light ΔE*ab(R), (Rg)]

[0366] One side of the laminated glass obtained in the examples and comparative examples was irradiated with light from a D65 light source within a measurement wavelength range of 300–2000 nm at an incident angle of 90° and a field of view of 10°. Reflected light was detected within one side at wavelength intervals of 5 nm, and a*, b*, and L* were measured using a V-670 ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrometer (manufactured by Nippon Spectrophotometer Co., Ltd.) equipped with an absolute reflectance measurement unit (ARSN-733). Similarly, the other side of the laminated glass was irradiated with light from the light source at an incident angle of 90°, and reflected light was detected within that other side at wavelength intervals of 5 nm, with a*, b*, and L* measured in the same manner.

[0367] Furthermore, the a*, b*, and L* detected on one side are denoted as a*1, b*1, and L*1, and the a*, b*, and L* detected on the other side are denoted as a*2, b*2, and L*2. The color difference ΔE*ab is calculated using the following formula (1) and is set as the color difference ΔE*ab(Rg). Furthermore, in the case where both laminated glass components are standard transparent glass plates, ΔE*ab(Rg) is the color difference ΔE*ab(R).

[0368] Equation (1): ΔE*ab={(a*2-a*1) 2 +(b*2-b*1) 2 +(L*2-L*1) 2} 1 / 2

[0369] [L*, a*, b* and color difference ΔE*ab(G) of laminated glass components]

[0370] Using the CIE standard illuminant D65 and 10° field of view color matching function specified in JIS Z 8781-1 (2012), JIS Z 8781-2 (2012), and JIS Z 8781-4 (2013), the L*, a*, and b* values ​​of the first and second laminated glass components were measured. Furthermore, the a*, b*, and L* values ​​of the first laminated glass component were denoted as a*1, b*1, and L*1, and the a*, b*, and L* values ​​of the second laminated glass component were denoted as a*2, b*2, and L*2. The color difference ΔE*ab was calculated using the above formula (1), and the obtained value was taken as the color difference ΔE*ab(G).

[0371] [L*, a*, b*, and color difference ΔE*ab(S) of the resin layer]

[0372] Each resin layer was manufactured using the same method as in the embodiments and comparative examples, and laminated glass (laminated glass for measurement) was produced by pressing the laminated glass components together with the obtained resin layers under the same conditions as in the embodiments and comparative examples. A standard transparent glass plate was used as the laminated glass component.

[0373] For the obtained laminated glass used for measurement, the L*, a*, and b* of the first and second resin layers were measured using a UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer "V-670" (manufactured by Nippon Spectrophotometer Co., Ltd.) equipped with an absolute reflectance measurement unit (ARSN-733). Furthermore, the a*, b*, and L* of the first resin layer were denoted as a*1, b*1, and L*1, and the a*, b*, and L* of the second resin layer were denoted as a*2, b*2, and L*2. The color difference ΔE*ab was calculated using the above formula (1), and the obtained value was taken as the color difference ΔE*ab(S).

[0374] [L*, a*, b*, and color difference ΔE*ab for components 1 and 2]

[0375] The first resin layer is manufactured by the same method as in the embodiments and comparative examples, and the first and second laminated glass components used in the embodiments and comparative examples are pressed together through the obtained first resin layer to obtain laminated glass.

[0376] The surface of the laminated glass component (i.e., the second laminated glass component) on one side of the manufactured laminated glass is cut using a cutter, and the laminated glass with the cut surface is immersed in liquid nitrogen. After being removed from the liquid nitrogen, the laminated glass component on the side with the cut surface is struck to break the laminated glass, thereby peeling off the laminated glass component on one side to obtain the first component, which is a laminate of the first resin layer and the first laminated glass component.

[0377] Laminated glass is manufactured using the same method, employing a second resin layer, a first laminated glass component, and a second laminated glass component. The first laminated glass component is then peeled off from the manufactured laminated glass using the same method as described above, thereby obtaining a second component consisting of a laminate of the second resin layer and the second laminated glass component.

[0378] Similar to the method used for the above-mentioned test on laminated glass, L*, a*, and b* were measured on the obtained first and second components. Furthermore, the a*, b*, and L* of the first component were denoted as a*1, b*1, and L*1, and the a*, b*, and L* of the second component were denoted as a*2, b*2, and L*2. The color difference ΔE*ab was calculated using the above formula (1), and the obtained value was set as the color difference ΔE*ab(M).

[0379] [Reflectivity of the reflective layer]

[0380] Light from a D65 light source was irradiated onto one side of the reflective layer with an incident angle of 90° and a field of view of 10°, within the measurement wavelength range of 300nm-2000nm. The reflected light was detected within one side under the condition of a wavelength interval of 5nm. The reflectance at each wavelength was measured using a UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer "V-670" (manufactured by Japan Spectrophotometer Co., Ltd.) with an attached absolute reflectance measurement unit (ARSN-733). The average reflectance at 380-780nm, the average reflectance at 780-2500nm, and the average reflectance at 380-2500nm were measured.

[0381] Total solar transmittance (Tts)

[0382] Total solar transmittance (Tts) was measured according to ISO 13837 using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi High Technology Co., Ltd. "U-4100"). The measurement conditions were a scan speed of 300 nm / min and a slit width of 8 nm.

[0383] [evaluate]

[0384] When viewing the glass from the inside or outside of the vehicle, evaluate the differences in the perceived metallic feel using the following four scales. Furthermore, the lower the number, the better the design.

[0385] 1: The metallic feel is strongly felt on the outside of the car, but not on the inside.

[0386] 2: A slight metallic feel can be felt on the outside of the car, but no metallic feel can be felt on the inside of the car.

[0387] 3: The metallic feel is strongly felt on both the exterior and interior of the car.

[0388] 4: There was no metallic feel at all on either the exterior or interior of the car.

[0389] Furthermore, the raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples are as described below.

[0390] Laminated glass components

[0391] CLR: Clear glass (standard clear glass plate)

[0392] Gray: Dimming glass (dimming glass tinted gray)

[0393] [Reflective layer]

[0394] GM40: Manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., Model: GM40, a nano-layered film with uneven hue within its surface.

[0395] GL40: Manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., Model: GL40, a nano-layered film with in-plane non-uniform hue.

[0396] Prepare membranes 1-3 as follows.

[0397] (Membrane 1)

[0398] Polyethylene terephthalate (resin a) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (resin b), copolymerized with 20 mol% neopentyl glycol, are respectively brought to a molten state at 280°C in a separate biaxial extruder with venting holes. They are then combined in a 601-layer feed module with four separately arranged components, each with 180 slits. Furthermore, in the multilayer, the outermost layers on both sides are composed of PET (resin a), with layers of resin a and resin b alternately stacked, and adjacent layers of resin a and resin b having approximately the same thickness.

[0399] Next, the film is guided to a T-die and formed into a sheet. Then, electrostatic application is used to ensure close contact with a casting drum at a surface temperature of 25°C, followed by rapid cooling and solidification to obtain a cast film. The obtained cast film is heated to 80°C while being stretched 4.0 times longitudinally, and then temporarily cooled to obtain a uniaxially stretched film. The obtained uniaxially stretched film is then stretched 4.3 times transversely at 120°C using a tenter frame. The stretched film is then heat-treated at 240°C, followed by an 8% relaxation treatment along the width direction at the same temperature to obtain film 1.

[0400] (Membrane 2)

[0401] Except that resin b is changed to a resin copolymerized from PET and polyethylene terephthalate copolymerized with 20 mol% neopentyl glycol at a mass ratio of 1:3, it is made in the same manner as film 1.

[0402] (Membrane 3)

[0403] As resin b, polyethylene terephthalate copolymerized with 40 mol% neopentyl glycol and 2 mol% diethylene glycol is used, and the number of layers is set to 801. Otherwise, it is made in the same manner as membrane 1.

[0404] (1) Thermoplastic resin

[0405] PVB: Polyvinyl butyral resin, degree of acetalization 69 mol%, hydroxyl content 30 mol%, degree of acetylation 1 mol%, average degree of polymerization of PVA used in synthesis 1700.

[0406] (2) Plasticizers

[0407] 3GO: Triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate

[0408] (3) Packing material (A)

[0409] Filler 1: The middle layer is a SiO2 layer with a refractive index of 1.46, and the coating layer is a TiO2 layer with a refractive index of 2.49. Figure 1 The three-layer structure shown has the following characteristics: flat plate shape, thickness ratio (each coating layer: middle layer = 1:8), D50: 14μm, thickness: 0.5μm, and aspect ratio: 2.8.

[0410] Filler 2: The middle layer is a SiO2 layer with a refractive index of 1.46, and the coating layer is a TiO2 layer with a refractive index of 2.49. Figure 1 The three-layer structure shown has the following characteristics: flat plate shape, thickness ratio (each coating layer: middle layer = 1:9), D50: 14μm, thickness: 0.5μm, and aspect ratio: 2.8.

[0411] The filler has a 3:5 layer structure, namely TiO2 / SiO2 / glass / SiO2 / TiO2, D50 = 72μm, thickness: 2.5μm, and aspect ratio: 1.5.

[0412] Filler 4: A multi-layer structure with an alumina middle layer and a TiO2 / tin oxide / zirconia coating layer.

[0413] Filler 5: A multi-layer structure consisting of a mica middle layer and a TiO2 / zirconia / tin oxide coating layer.

[0414] (4) Thermal insulation materials

[0415] ITO: Tin-doped indium oxide particles

[0416] (5) Coloring agents

[0417] CB: Carbon Black, Pigment Black 7 (CAS No. 1333-86-4), Carbon Black Pigment

[0418] GRN: Phthalocyanine (CAS No. 147-14-8)

[0419] [Example 1]

[0420] (Preparation of the intermediate membrane)

[0421] According to the composition in Table 1, plasticizer and polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) are fed into an extruder and mixed in the extruder to obtain a resin composition. The obtained resin composition is used to form the first and second resin layers with the thickness shown in Table 1, and these layers are stacked on both sides of the nano-reflective film (reflective layer) to produce an intermediate film with a 3-layer structure, namely the first resin layer / reflective layer / second resin layer.

[0422] (Fabrication of laminated glass)

[0423] Two pieces of transparent glass (standard transparent glass plates), each 100mm long × 100mm wide × 2.5mm thick, were prepared as the first and second laminated glass components. The interlayer film obtained above was sandwiched between the two pieces of transparent glass and temporarily pressed together using a vacuum packaging method. The temporarily pressed laminate was then held in an autoclave at 140°C and 1.2MPa for 20 minutes. The temperature was then lowered to 23°C and restored to atmospheric pressure, thus ending the formal pressing process and obtaining a laminated glass where the two pieces of transparent glass are bonded together by the interlayer film. The optical properties of the obtained laminated glass were measured, and the evaluation results of the interlayer film and the laminated glass are shown in Table 1.

[0424] [Example 2]

[0425] According to the composition in Table 1, carbon black, as a colorant, was mixed into the plasticizer and dispersed. Then, it was fed into an extruder along with polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) and kneaded in the extruder to obtain a resin composition for forming the first resin layer. Furthermore, the plasticizer and polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) were fed into the extruder and kneaded in the extruder to obtain a resin composition for forming the second resin layer. The obtained resin compositions were molded to form the first and second resin layers with the thicknesses shown in Table 1, and then laminated onto both sides of the reflective layer to create an interlayer with a three-layer structure: first resin layer / reflective layer / second resin layer. Subsequently, laminated glass was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0426] [Example 3]

[0427] Except for changing the content of colorant in the first resin layer as shown in Table 1, it was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2.

[0428] [Example 4]

[0429] Except for changing the nano-reflective film used as shown in Table 1, it was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2.

[0430] [Example 5]

[0431] According to the composition in Table 1, carbon black, as a colorant, was mixed into a plasticizer and dispersed therein. Then, it was fed into an extruder along with polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) and kneaded in the extruder to obtain a resin composition for forming the first resin layer. Furthermore, filler (A) was mixed into a plasticizer and dispersed therein. Then, it was fed into an extruder along with polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) and kneaded in the extruder to obtain a resin composition for forming the second resin layer. The obtained resin composition was used to form the first and second resin layers with the thicknesses shown in Table 1, and these layers were laminated on both sides of the reflective layer to create an interlayer with a three-layer structure: first resin layer / reflective layer / second resin layer. Then, laminated glass was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. Furthermore, filler (A) was oriented with its surface direction along the surface direction of the interlayer, as was also the case in the examples using filler (A) below.

[0432] [Examples 6-9]

[0433] Except for changing the type of packing material (A) used as shown in Table 1, it was carried out in the same manner as in Example 5.

[0434] [Example 10]

[0435] Except for changing the nano-reflective film used as shown in Table 1, it was carried out in the same manner as in Example 5.

[0436] [Example 11]

[0437] Except for changing the thickness of the second resin layer as shown in Table 1, and changing the transparent glass, which is the first interlayer glass member overlapping the first resin layer, to a dimming glass, it is implemented in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0438] [Example 12]

[0439] According to the composition in Table 1, the plasticizer and polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) were fed into an extruder and kneaded in the extruder to obtain a resin composition for forming the first resin layer. Furthermore, filler (A) was mixed into the plasticizer and dispersed, then fed into the extruder together with the polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) and kneaded in the extruder to obtain a resin composition for forming the second resin layer. The obtained resin composition was used to form the first and second resin layers with the thicknesses shown in Table 1, and these layers were laminated on both sides of the reflective layer to create an interlayer with a three-layer structure: first resin layer / reflective layer / second resin layer. Subsequently, laminated glass was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the transparent glass, which serves as the first laminated glass component overlapping the first resin layer, was changed to dimming glass.

[0440] [Examples 13 and 14]

[0441] Except for changing the transparent glass, which is the first interlayer glass member overlapping the first resin layer, to a dimming glass, the same method as in Examples 4 and 5 is used.

[0442] [Example 15]

[0443] According to the composition in Table 1, carbon black as a colorant was mixed into a plasticizer and dispersed therein, then fed together with polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) into an extruder and kneaded therein to obtain a resin composition for forming the first resin layer. Furthermore, carbon black as a colorant was mixed into a plasticizer and dispersed therein, then fed together with polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) into an extruder and kneaded therein to obtain a resin composition for forming the second resin layer. The obtained resin compositions were molded to form the first and second resin layers with the thicknesses shown in Table 1, and then laminated onto both sides of the reflective layer to create an interlayer with a three-layer structure: first resin layer / reflective layer / second resin layer. Subsequently, laminated glass was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0444] [Example 16]

[0445] According to the composition in Table 1, carbon black, as a colorant, was mixed into a plasticizer and dispersed therein. Then, it was fed into an extruder along with polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) and kneaded in the extruder to obtain a resin composition for forming the first resin layer. Furthermore, a heat-insulating material was mixed into a plasticizer and dispersed therein. Then, it was fed into an extruder along with polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) and kneaded in the extruder to obtain a resin composition for forming the second resin layer. The obtained resin compositions were molded to form the first and second resin layers with the thicknesses shown in Table 1, and then laminated onto both sides of the reflective layer to create an interlayer with a three-layer structure: first resin layer / reflective layer / second resin layer. Subsequently, laminated glass was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0446] [Examples 17-19]

[0447] Except for changing the reflective layer as shown in Table 1, it was implemented in the same manner as in Example 2.

[0448] [Comparative Example 1]

[0449] The resin composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2. The obtained resin composition was used to form first and second resin layers with the thicknesses shown in Table 1. They were directly stacked to create an intermediate film with a two-layer structure, namely the first resin layer and the second resin layer. Otherwise, it was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2. [Table 1]

[0450] [Table 2]

[0451]

[0452] ※phr is a part by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of PVB.

[0453] ※wt% is the content (mass%) in the first or second resin layer.

[0454] As shown in Table 1, in each embodiment, the chromatic difference ΔE*ab(R) of reflected light in the interlayer or the chromatic difference ΔE*ab(Rg) of reflected light in the laminated glass is 0.5 or more. Therefore, the design when viewing the laminated glass from the side of the first laminated glass member (i.e., one side) differs from the design when viewing the laminated glass from the side of the second laminated glass member (i.e., the other side). Furthermore, in any embodiment, when viewed from the side of the second laminated glass member (outside the vehicle), it exudes a metallic feel, demonstrating high design sophistication.

[0455] Furthermore, in Examples 2 to 19, since the first resin layer contains a colorant, or the first laminated glass component is colored glass, the design observed from the side of the first laminated glass component has a stable impression. In addition, in Examples 5 to 10, 12, and 14, where the second resin layer contains filler (A), an impactful appearance can be formed when viewed from the side of the second laminated glass component.

[0456] Furthermore, in Example 16 and others using thermal insulation materials, Tts is lower and thermal insulation is improved.

[0457] In contrast, in Comparative Example 1, the chromatic difference ΔE*ab(R) of reflected light in the interlayer and the chromatic difference ΔE*ab(Rg) of reflected light in the laminated glass are less than 0.5. Therefore, the design when viewing the laminated glass from the side of the first laminated glass member (i.e., one side) is not significantly different from the design when viewing the laminated glass from the side of the second laminated glass member (i.e., the other side), and thus cannot provide a high degree of design flexibility.

[0458] Explanation of symbols in attached drawings

[0459] 10: Interlayer film for laminated glass

[0460] 10A: One side

[0461] 10B: The Other Side

[0462] 11: First resin layer

[0463] 12: Second resin layer

[0464] 11A, 12A: Coloring layers

[0465] 11B, 12B: Contains filler layer

[0466] 11C, 12C: Insulation layer

[0467] 11D, 12D: Transparent layer

[0468] 11T: Core layer

[0469] 11S: Surface

[0470] 20: Laminated glass

[0471] 21: First laminated glass component

[0472] 22: Second laminated glass component

[0473] 31: Component 1

[0474] 32: Component 2

[0475] 100: Middle Level

[0476] 111, 112: Overlying layer

Claims

1. An interlayer film for laminated glass, wherein the color difference ΔE*ab(R) between the L*a*b* color space of reflected light produced by light incident from one direction and the L*a*b* color space of reflected light produced by light incident from the opposite direction is 0.5 or more.

2. The interlayer for laminated glass as claimed in claim 1, wherein it comprises a reflective layer.

3. The interlayer for laminated glass as described in claim 2, wherein the reflective layer is a nanolayered film.

4. The interlayer for laminated glass as described in claim 3, wherein the reflective layer comprises two resin layers with different refractive indices, namely resin layer A and resin layer B, and they are stacked in more than 30 layers.

5. The interlayer film for laminated glass as described in claim 4, wherein the thickness of resin layer A is 30 nm or more and 500 nm or less, and the thickness of resin layer B is 30 nm or more and 500 nm or less.

6. The interlayer film for laminated glass as described in claim 4, wherein the refractive index difference between resin layer A and resin layer B is 0.01 or more and 0.15 or less.

7. The interlayer for laminated glass as described in claim 2, wherein the reflective layer has an average reflectivity of 25.0% or higher in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm.

8. The interlayer for laminated glass as claimed in claim 2, wherein the reflective layer has an in-plane non-uniform hue.

9. The interlayer for laminated glass as claimed in claim 2, comprising one or more first resin layers, wherein the first resin layers are disposed on a side closer to the interlayer than the reflective layer.

10. The interlayer for laminated glass as claimed in claim 9, wherein the one or more first resin layers have at least a coloring layer comprising a colorant.

11. The interlayer for laminated glass as claimed in claim 10, wherein the colorant comprises a pigment. The pigment comprises one or more selected from carbon black, quinacridone pigments, copper phthalocyanine pigments, nickel coordination compound azo pigments, isoindolinone pigments, and perylene pigments.

12. The interlayer for laminated glass as claimed in claim 2, comprising one or more second resin layers, the second resin layers being disposed on a side of the interlayer closer to the other side than the reflective layer.

13. The interlayer for laminated glass as claimed in claim 12, wherein the second resin layer comprises a filler (A) having at least one of a non-metallic material and a metal oxide.

14. The interlayer for laminated glass as claimed in claim 13, wherein the filler (A) comprises two or more metal oxides.

15. The interlayer for laminated glass as described in claim 14, wherein the refractive indices of the two or more metal oxides are different from each other.

16. The interlayer for laminated glass as claimed in claim 13, wherein the filler (A) is in the shape of a flat plate.

17. The interlayer for laminated glass as claimed in claim 13, wherein the filler (A) has a multilayer structure.

18. The interlayer for laminated glass according to any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the aspect ratio of the filler (A) is 1 or more and 50 or less.

19. The interlayer for laminated glass as claimed in claim 2, comprising: One or more first resin layers disposed on one side of the reflective layer closer to the intermediate film, and one or more second resin layers disposed on the other side of the reflective layer closer to the intermediate film, wherein the color difference ΔE*ab(S) between the visible light transmitted from the first resin layer and the visible light transmitted from the second resin layer in the L*a*b* color system is greater than 0 and less than 100.

20. The interlayer film for laminated glass as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the color difference E*ab(R) is 2.0 or higher.

21. The interlayer film for laminated glass as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the color difference E*ab(R) is 15 or more.

22. The interlayer film for laminated glass as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the color difference E*ab(R) is 30 or more.

23. A laminated glass comprising a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member, and an interlayer for laminated glass as claimed in claim 1, and The interlayer of the laminated glass is disposed between the first laminated glass component and the second laminated glass component.

24. A laminated glass wherein the color difference ΔE*ab(Rg) between the L*a*b* color space of the reflected light produced by light incident from one direction and the L*a*b* color space of the reflected light produced by light incident from the opposite direction is 0.5 or more.

25. The laminated glass of claim 24, comprising a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member, and an interlayer for the laminated glass, wherein the interlayer for the laminated glass is disposed between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member. The interlayer of the laminated glass includes the reflective layer, and the reflective layer has an average reflectivity of 25.0% or more in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm.

26. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 23 to 25, comprising a first member, a reflective layer, and a second member. The first component has a first laminated glass component and one or more first resin layers. The second component has a second laminated glass component and one or more second resin layers. The first laminated glass component, the first resin layer, the reflective layer, the second resin layer, and the second laminated glass component are arranged sequentially, and The color of the first component is different from the color of the second component.

Images