Fluid sterilization device based on intensive pulse light and sterilization method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a fluid sterilization device and method based on intensive pulse light. The sterilization device comprises a Tesla valve structure formed by splicing a plurality of modules and an intensive pulse light sterilization lamp arranged in a main flow channel. The Tesla valve structure is composed of a main flow channel and a plurality of backflow channels, and the backflow channels guide part of fluid to be shunted, converged and disturbed main flow in the fluid flowing process to form a multi-stage turbulent flow area, so that the contact time of the fluid and a light source is prolonged, and the illumination uniformity is improved. The pulsed intense light sterilization lamp emits high-intensity wide-spectrum pulsed light to destroy microbial cell structures and inactivate harmful enzymes such as pectin methylesterase and the like, so that non-thermal efficient sterilization is realized, and the original flavor and nutrition of fluid are kept. The sterilization method comprises the steps of assembling the structure, introducing fluid, forming turbulent flow, implementing pulsed light irradiation, discharging the fluid and the like, and is suitable for efficient sterilization treatment of liquid such as fruit juice, dairy products, beverages and the like, the sterilization rate can reach 99.99% or above, and nutrition and flavor are reserved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fluid sterilization, in particular to a sterilization device for fluid based on intense pulsed light and a sterilization method thereof, which is especially suitable for non-thermal sterilization of light-transmitting liquids such as fruit juice, dairy products and drinking water. BACKGROUND

[0002] Fluid sterilization is a crucial step in the processing and storage of liquid food, directly related to the safety, shelf life and sensory quality of the product. Existing fluid sterilization technologies mainly include thermal sterilization and non-thermal sterilization.

[0003] Among them, thermal sterilization relies on high temperature to kill microorganisms in the liquid, with the advantages of high sterilization efficiency and mature technology, but the high temperature treatment often leads to the destruction of flavor substances, nutritional components and sensory indicators (such as color and taste) of liquid food. For example, fruit juice may lose flavor and become darker after pasteurization, which is particularly disadvantageous in the production of high-end drinks or functional drinks.

[0004] Non-thermal sterilization technology can kill microorganisms at room temperature or lower temperature, and can largely preserve the original flavor and nutrients of the fluid. Among them, intense pulsed light (IPL) sterilization uses high-intensity, short-time broadband light radiation to damage the cell membrane and DNA of microorganisms, thereby achieving sterilization effect. The technical solutions of patent application numbers 202410424808.6 and 202121392938.4 both propose to apply intense pulsed light sterilization lamps to fluid sterilization devices, which can achieve non-thermal sterilization to some extent.

[0005] However, the existing intense pulsed light sterilization liquid device still has the following shortcomings: Insufficient sterilization: In traditional straight-through or simple circulation flow channel structures, the flow rate of the fluid near the sterilization lamp is fast and the light exposure time is insufficient, resulting in uneven sterilization light irradiation to all fluids and reduced sterilization efficiency.

[0006] Difficult to inactivate enzymes harmful to fluid stability: for example, pectin methylesterase (PME) in fruit juice can cause turbidity and precipitation, adversely affecting product stability. Existing non-thermal sterilization devices often fail to fully inactivate such enzymes during sterilization.

[0007] Insufficient fluid disturbance: sterilization efficiency is affected by light intensity, irradiation time and fluid contact area with the light source. The existing solutions are mostly straight-through structures in the design of fluid flow channels, and the fluid in the main flow area is almost in a laminar state, resulting in local light deficiency and dead angle phenomenon.

[0008] In view of the above problems, it is necessary to design a fluid sterilization device that can prolong the contact time of fluid and pulsed strong light, increase fluid disturbance, and improve light uniformity under non-thermal conditions, and effectively inactivate harmful enzymes while sterilizing, so as to maintain the flavor and sensory quality of the fluid while ensuring the sterilization effect. SUMMARY

[0009] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the defects of the existing pulsed strong light fluid sterilization device, such as insufficient sterilization, insufficient fluid disturbance, incomplete inactivation of certain harmful enzymes, etc., and to provide a pulsed strong light-based fluid sterilization device and method. The device utilizes the synergistic effect of Tesla valve structure and pulsed strong light sterilization lamp to prolong the contact time of fluid and light source under non-thermal conditions, enhance light uniformity, and effectively inactivate harmful enzymes such as pectin methylesterase while sterilizing, thereby maintaining the original flavor and sensory quality of the fluid.

[0010] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the present application is as follows: A pulsed strong light-based fluid sterilization device, comprising a Tesla valve structure and a pulsed strong light sterilization lamp; the Tesla valve structure comprises a main flow channel and a plurality of backflow channels arranged on the side of the main flow channel and communicating with the main flow channel, the main flow channel structure is used to form a main flow channel of the fluid, and the backflow channels are used to branch out from the main flow channel and return to the main flow channel; the Tesla valve structure is composed of at least two modules spliced to form a whole flow channel of the Tesla valve after the main flow channel and the backflow channels are communicated; the main flow channel comprises a reverse inlet channel along the reverse flow path, a main flow channel, and a reverse outlet channel, and a plurality of backflow channels are arranged on the main flow channel; the pulsed strong light sterilization lamp is arranged in the main flow channel, and there is an annular gap for fluid flow between the inner wall of the main flow channel and the pulsed strong light sterilization lamp; the fluid enters the main flow channel from the reverse inlet channel of the Tesla valve, the fluid in the main flow channel is divided into the backflow channels, and after returning, the fluid in the backflow channels and the fluid in the main flow channel are combined and disturbed in the main flow channel to form a turbulent flow region.

[0011] The structure utilizes the asymmetric flow channel characteristics of the Tesla valve to form multiple local backflow and turbulent flow regions when the fluid flows in reverse, thereby breaking the laminar flow state, increasing the mixing and circulation path inside the fluid, and making the fluid at different positions pass through the irradiation area of the sterilization lamp multiple times. At the same time, the sterilization lamp is arranged inside the main flow channel, and the annular gap ensures that the irradiation area and the fluid flow path fully coincide, avoiding dead angles. Compared with the traditional straight-through light sterilization device, this structure can significantly prolong the residence time of the fluid in the irradiation area, increase the mixing uniformity of the fluid through the turbulent flow region, make the pulsed light irradiation of the fluid more comprehensive, help to improve the sterilization efficiency and light uniformity, and reduce the probability of not killing microorganisms.

[0012] Furthermore, each module has a main flow channel groove and a diversion structure groove on its surface. The combination of all the modules constitutes the overall flow channel, and the main flow channel groove and diversion channel groove of adjacent modules are interconnected at the splicing position. The return channel includes a first straight section, a curved section connected to the first straight section, and a second straight section connected to the diverting curved section. The end of the first straight section away from the curved section is connected to the side wall of the main flow channel through the liquid inlet port. The end of the second straight section away from the curved section is connected to the side wall of the main flow channel through the liquid outlet port and is located downstream of the first straight section along the main flow direction. The main flow direction is the direction in which the fluid in the main flow channel flows from the reverse inlet channel to the reverse outlet channel. Sealing gaskets are set between adjacent modules to achieve a sealed connection between the modules. All modules are fixed into a Tesla valve structure as a whole by a fixing structure. The pulsed light germicidal lamp includes a lamp tube body and two electrode structures respectively connected to both ends of the lamp tube body. The fluid in the main flow channel enters the return channel through the liquid inlet port and returns to the main flow channel through the liquid outlet port, merging and disturbing with the fluid in the main flow channel to form the disturbance zone.

[0013] The modular channel design makes the Tesla valve easy to manufacture, assemble, and maintain. The three-section design of the reflux channel (first straight section – curved section – second straight section) creates a change in direction and flow velocity fluctuations after the fluid enters, thus generating strong disturbances when some fluid flows back to the main channel. Sealing gaskets ensure fluid sealing and stability of the light environment at the splicing interface. The central arrangement of the germicidal lamps ensures that the light covers the entire annular flow area. This structure not only facilitates mass production and maintenance replacement, but also enhances the turbulence effect and improves the uniformity of fluid-light source contact by optimizing the geometry of the reflux channel. The modular splicing method also allows for adjustment of channel length or reflux stages according to the processing volume, enhancing the applicability and scalability of the sterilization device.

[0014] Furthermore, each electrode structure of the pulsed light germicidal lamp has a conductive part extending into the lamp tube body and a connecting part located outside the lamp tube body. The connecting part is used to electrically connect with the trigger power supply module. The lamp tube body is connected between the two electrode structures and is a sealed tubular structure filled with gas for generating pulsed light. The lamp tube body and the two electrode structures together form a pulsed discharge circuit. The lamp body encapsulates a gas (such as xenon) through a sealed structure. Under pulsed power supply, the electrode structure generates a high-voltage discharge, exciting the gas to instantly emit high-intensity, broadband light (including ultraviolet, visible, and infrared), thereby photophysically and photochemically killing microorganisms in the fluid. The electrode connection ensures reliable contact with the external trigger power supply module, guaranteeing stable pulse energy transmission. This pulsed high-intensity germicidal lamp ensures stable pulsed light output energy and a wide wavelength range, resulting in high sterilization efficiency. The sealed gas environment extends the lamp's lifespan and reduces light output attenuation; simultaneously, it ensures stable light output and consistent sterilization effect during long-term operation.

[0015] Furthermore, the angle between the first straight section and the main channel is 30°-60°, the curved section is an arc-shaped structure with a central angle of 120°-150°, the angle between the second straight section and the main channel is 30°-60°, and the number of modules is 2-4.

[0016] The angles between the first and second straight sections and the main flow channel are controlled within a moderate range. This effectively guides some fluid into the return channel while ensuring moderate shear disturbance between the return flow and the fluid in the main flow channel. The curved section uses a large-angle circular arc structure, allowing the fluid to smoothly transition direction within the return channel, reducing flow resistance and energy consumption, while also creating a certain centrifugal effect to enhance mixing. Limiting the number of modules to 2-4 helps control the overall size and assembly efficiency, making it suitable for continuous sterilization systems. Through optimization of geometric parameters, the return channel can reduce flow resistance and pumping energy consumption while ensuring the disturbance effect. The angle design of the return path allows the fluid to cross and converge multiple times, improving light uniformity and sterilization efficiency. Controlling the number of modules also facilitates device standardization and mass production.

[0017] Preferably, the number of sealing gaskets is the same as the number of modules. The sealing gaskets are made of silicone and have a thickness of 1mm-3mm. The sealing gaskets have notches corresponding to the main channel groove and the diversion structure groove.

[0018] Sealing gaskets are filled and fitted at the module joints, forming a seal around the fluid flow channels and illumination areas to prevent fluid leakage and the ingress of outside air. The notches on the sealing gaskets align with the flow channel grooves, ensuring unobstructed fluid flow after assembly. The silicone rubber, with its elasticity and temperature resistance, achieves a stable seal through compression during assembly. This ensures a leak-free internal structure within the Tesla valve formed after module assembly, maintains the stability of the pulsed light germicidal lamp's operating environment, extends equipment life, facilitates assembly and disassembly, and makes module maintenance and replacement easy.

[0019] Preferably, the gap width between the outer wall of the lamp tube body and the inner wall of the main channel of the pulsed light germicidal lamp is 5mm-20mm.

[0020] Within this range, the gap width ensures that the fluid flows fully around the germicidal lamp and receives light, while avoiding excessive flow resistance due to an overly narrow gap, and preventing reduced light intensity and uniformity due to an overly wide gap. This optimization of fluid residence time and light intensity balances sterilization effect and flow efficiency, thereby improving light utilization and fluid sterilization uniformity.

[0021] Preferably, the module is made of stainless steel or polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0022] Stainless steel possesses high strength, corrosion resistance, and ease of processing, making it suitable for environments requiring high pressure and chemical stability. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) exhibits extremely high corrosion resistance, a low coefficient of friction, and non-adhesive properties, making it ideal for preventing biofilm formation and contaminant adhesion. This enhances the durability and hygiene safety of sterilization devices, reduces maintenance frequency, and allows for the selection of the most suitable material for different application environments, thereby extending equipment life and reducing operating costs.

[0023] Preferably, the return channel is a return bend, the first straight section of the return bend is a first straight pipe section, the bend section is an arc-shaped bend section, and the second straight section is a second straight pipe section.

[0024] The straight pipe section facilitates precise guidance of fluid in and out of the return channel, while the arc section reduces flow impact and energy loss while changing the flow direction; the three-section structure facilitates manufacturing and assembly, and at the same time stably forms turbulence and return effects, reducing flow resistance while ensuring the return effect.

[0025] Preferably, the main channel is a straight channel, and the pulsed high-intensity light germicidal lamp is a linear lamp that works in conjunction with the main channel.

[0026] Straight-through channels reduce flow resistance, making them suitable for scenarios requiring high throughput. Linear lights can be arranged coaxially with the straight-through channels to ensure uniform illumination of the fluid as it passes through. This design maintains sterilization effectiveness even at high flow rates, improving processing efficiency and reducing energy consumption, making it suitable for continuous operation environments such as high-flow-rate water treatment or beverage production.

[0027] Furthermore, there are 3-8 levels of return channels along the main channel. The number of return bends at each level is equal to the number of modules. All return bends are arranged in the same number of columns along the axis of the main channel as the number of modules, and the columns formed by all return bends are arranged symmetrically.

[0028] The multi-stage reflux structure breaks the laminar flow state multiple times during fluid flow. Each row of reflux bends is consistent with the module structure, ensuring uniform distribution of flow disturbances across the entire cross-section. The axisymmetric distribution reduces flow deviation and maintains stable light coverage. It significantly enhances fluid mixing and circulation times, improves sterilization uniformity and efficiency, while maintaining the stability and balance of the device structure and reducing local dead zones.

[0029] Preferably, the main flow channel of the mainstream channel is zigzag-shaped, formed by connecting at least two straight segments sequentially through bends, and the pulsed light germicidal lamp is a zigzag-shaped lamp that works in conjunction with the mainstream channel; a plurality of the return bends are distributed sequentially along the mainstream direction and are alternately arranged on both sides of the zigzag-shaped main flow channel; at least one return bend is provided on a straight segment of the zigzag-shaped main flow channel, and the return bend is connected to the straight segment through an inlet port and an outlet port respectively.

[0030] The zigzag-shaped main flow channel causes the fluid to change direction multiple times during flow, and combined with the staggered return bends, it can create more complex turbulence patterns. The zigzag-shaped lamps can be arranged according to the shape of the channel, so that the illumination coverage matches the flow path. This enhances fluid turbulence and mixing efficiency, extends the illumination path, and improves sterilization uniformity. At the same time, the shape of the lamp tubes matching the channel reduces blind spots and improves overall sterilization efficiency.

[0031] Furthermore, rubber sealing rings are fitted at both ends of the pulsed light germicidal lamp; the two rubber sealing rings are respectively set in the reverse inlet channel and the reverse outlet channel, and are pressed against the inside of both ends of the main channel by all modules, thereby sealing the inside of the main channel; internally threaded sealing nuts are also provided on the outside of both ends of the main channel; annular grooves are respectively opened on the outside of the reverse inlet channel and the reverse outlet channel, and two annular grooves are respectively set at both ends of the Tesla valve structure. Annular sealing gaskets are provided in the two annular grooves, and external threads are provided on the side wall of the two annular grooves near the main channel. The sealing nuts cooperate with the external threads to press the sealing gaskets, thereby sealing the outside of both ends of the main channel; an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe are also provided on the module, the inlet pipe is connected to the reverse inlet channel, and the outlet pipe is connected to the reverse outlet channel.

[0032] Rubber sealing rings internally seal both ends of the germicidal lamp, preventing fluid from seeping out from both ends of the main flow channel; the external nut, in conjunction with the annular sealing gasket, externally seals the ends of the main flow channel, preventing leakage; inlet and outlet pipes allow the sterilization device to be stably connected to external fluid systems. Double sealing protection is achieved both inside and outside the reverse inlet and outlet channels, improving the sterilization device's leak-proof performance and operational safety; the inlet and outlet pipes are conveniently located for connection with existing piping systems.

[0033] Preferably, the main channel is a straight channel, and the pulsed light germicidal lamp is a linear lamp that works in conjunction with the main channel; the return channel is a return groove, the first straight section is a first straight groove section, the curved section is an arc-shaped groove section, and the second straight section is a second straight groove section.

[0034] The straight main flow channel ensures stable axial flow of fluid, reducing main flow resistance. A return channel is created on the sidewall of the main flow channel, introducing some fluid through a first straight channel section, changing its flow direction through an arc-shaped channel section, and then returning to the main flow channel via a second straight channel section, thus generating strong turbulence at the point of convergence. Linear pulsed high-intensity light germicidal lamps are arranged along the straight main flow channel to ensure that the light direction is consistent with the fluid flow direction, improving irradiation uniformity. This structure, while maintaining low pressure drop, creates local turbulence through the return channel, enhancing fluid mixing and allowing the fluid to fully receive pulsed light irradiation. The linear lamps have a high compatibility with the straight-through pipe, are simple to manufacture and install, and avoid shadow areas caused by lamp tube bending, improving sterilization efficiency.

[0035] Preferably, the Tesla valve structure, assembled from at least two modules, is cylindrical. The cylindrical Tesla valve structure is vertically arranged along its axis, with the reverse inlet channel of the main flow channel located at the upper end and the reverse outlet channel at the lower end. Bearings defining the Tesla valve structure are fitted onto the exterior of both ends of the Tesla valve structure, and a driven gear is fixedly fitted onto the middle of the two bearings. The structure also includes a motor and a motor-driven drive gear, the drive gear meshing with the driven gear. Furthermore, it includes an inlet funnel fixed above the frustum-shaped Tesla valve structure, the inlet funnel having an open upper portion. The device comprises a conical cavity and a guide tube connected to the lower end of the conical cavity; the guide tube extends into the reverse inlet channel of the main flow channel; the linear pulsed light germicidal lamp vertically passes through the guide tube of the main flow channel and the funnel and is fixed therein, and there is a gap between the pulsed light germicidal lamp and the guide tube; the fluid is guided through the funnel to the main flow channel of the Tesla valve structure, and the fluid forms turbulence under the action of the main flow channel and the return channel, while the Tesla valve structure is driven to rotate by the motor, causing the fluid to rotate within the Tesla valve structure, thereby making full contact between the fluid and the pulsed light germicidal lamp.

[0036] The cylindrical Tesla valve structure allows fluid to flow from top to bottom under gravity. A motor-driven, driven gear rotates the entire Tesla valve, causing the internal fluid to rotate radially while flowing axially. A funnel and guide tube ensure precise entry of the fluid into the reverse inlet channel, allowing it to fall evenly along the outer surface of the pulsed light germicidal lamp. The rotation of the Tesla valve structure creates three-dimensional fluid disturbance, increasing the contact angle and frequency between the fluid and the illuminated area, reducing blind spots. The vertical arrangement of the Tesla valve structure, combined with gravity delivery, reduces energy consumption, while the funnel guide avoids turbulent inlet flow and improves the uniformity of fluid velocity distribution, thereby further enhancing sterilization efficiency.

[0037] Furthermore, 3-8 levels of reflux channels are set along the main flow channel.

[0038] Multi-stage reflux channels are arranged at equal or gradually varying intervals along the main flow channel, causing the fluid to undergo multiple diversions, reconvergences, and remixings along the main flow path, forming a continuous chain of turbulent zones. Multi-stage turbulence can significantly increase the exposure time and frequency of the fluid under pulsed intense light, improve the overall illumination uniformity of the fluid, and simultaneously inhibit laminar flow formation, thereby enhancing the inactivation effect on microorganisms and enzymes.

[0039] Preferably, the fixing structure includes bolts that pass through each module and nuts that mate with the bolts, and the bolts are arranged along the splicing direction of the modules.

[0040] Bolts running through each module are installed along the splicing direction, and tightening with nuts achieves radial compression and sealing between modules, ensuring overall structural stability. This fixing method allows for repeated disassembly and assembly, facilitating maintenance and replacement of internal components while maintaining high-strength connections to prevent leakage during high-pressure or high-flow-rate operation, thus improving the durability of the device.

[0041] The sterilization method using the sterilization device described above is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Assemble the Tesla valve structure and install the pulsed high-intensity germicidal lamp. Several modules are sequentially spliced ​​and assembled to form an integral flow channel structure of the Tesla valve with a main flow channel and several return flow channels; sealing gaskets with openings corresponding to the channel grooves are set between the contact surfaces of adjacent modules, and each module is radially pressed and fixed by a fixing structure to ensure the sealing performance and structural stability of the connection between modules. While assembling the Tesla valve structure, the pulsed light germicidal lamp is fixedly set along the axial direction of the main channel, so that the main body of the lamp tube is located inside the main channel, and an annular gap is formed between the outer wall of the lamp tube and the inner wall of the main channel, allowing fluid to flow through; the electrode structures at both ends of the germicidal lamp extend out of the main channel and are reliably connected to the trigger power supply module. S2, Introduce the fluid to be sterilized. The fluid to be sterilized is introduced into the reverse inlet channel of the Tesla valve structure. The fluid enters the main channel along a path opposite to the design direction of the Tesla valve. In the main channel, part of the fluid enters the return channel through the inlet port. After passing through the curved section and the second straight section, it flows back to the main channel through the outlet port and merges with the mainstream fluid in the main channel at the confluence position, forming a local disturbance. S3, forming a multi-level turbulence zone Multiple recirculation channels are distributed sequentially along the length of the main channel. Each recirculation channel can introduce a portion of the fluid and return it to the main channel, thereby forming a turbulence zone at each recirculation point. In each turbulence zone, the fluid velocity decreases, streamlines intersect and turbulence occurs, making the fluid as a whole more fully in contact with the outer surface of the pulsed light germicidal lamp, avoiding light dead zones and improving light uniformity. S4. Implement pulsed intense light sterilization. While the fluid flows through the main channel, the pulsed light germicidal lamp is activated, which releases several high-intensity, broad-spectrum pulsed light radiations per second. When the pulsed light irradiates the fluid, it causes the microbial cell membrane, intracellular proteins, and nucleic acid structures to be destroyed by strong photophysical and photochemical effects, thereby achieving sterilization. At the same time, it can inactivate harmful enzymes such as pectin methyl esterase in the fluid. S5. Discharge the sterilized fluid. After undergoing sterilization treatment through multi-stage turbulence and pulsed intense light within the Tesla valve structure, the fluid is discharged through the reverse outlet channel, allowing the sterilized fluid to be directly transported to the filling or subsequent processing stages.

[0042] First, a complete Tesla valve flow channel is formed by modular splicing and sealing gaskets, and then a pulsed high-intensity light germicidal lamp is installed. The fluid enters the Tesla valve along a reverse path, generating multi-stage turbulence through the return channel, ensuring full contact with the outer wall of the lamp tube. Under short-duration high-energy irradiation, the pulsed high-intensity light destroys the structure of microorganisms, and finally, the sterilizing fluid is discharged. The streamlined design ensures stable operation throughout the entire process from assembly to sterilization; the synergistic effect of multi-stage turbulence and pulsed high-intensity light significantly improves sterilization uniformity and efficiency, making it suitable for continuous flow sterilization scenarios.

[0043] Preferably, in step S2, the reverse inlet channel is located at the upper end of the Tesla valve structure, and the reverse outlet channel is located at the lower end, allowing the fluid to flow with the aid of gravity. The fluid flows naturally under its own weight, reducing reliance on an external delivery pump. This reduces energy consumption and fluid shear damage caused by pumping; it also helps in handling heat-sensitive or foaming liquids, while ensuring a more uniform fluid velocity within the channels.

[0044] Preferably, in step S4, the single-shot energy density of the pulsed light is preferably 1.0-10.0 J / cm², and the pulse frequency is preferably 1-20 Hz, so as to achieve efficient sterilization without causing a significant temperature rise.

[0045] By controlling the single-pulse energy density of the pulsed light at 1.0–10.0 J / cm² and the frequency at 1–20 Hz, significant temperature rise or quality degradation of the liquid is avoided while effectively sterilizing it. These precise light parameters balance sterilization efficiency and product quality, making it suitable for fluid handling in various industries such as beverages, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals, extending shelf life while preserving original flavor and nutritional components.

[0046] This invention's sterilization device is based on the synergistic effect of a Tesla valve structure and pulsed light sterilization technology. It employs modularly assembled flow channel units to form a main channel and a multi-stage reflux channel system. Fluid enters through a reverse inlet channel; the flow direction design, opposite to the Tesla valve principle, guides the fluid into each stage of reflux channels within the main channel. The fluid then flows back to the main channel via a first straight section, an arc section, and a second straight section, forming a continuous turbulence zone. This effectively disrupts laminar flow and increases the mixing degree within the fluid. The main channel can be straight or zigzag-shaped and can be used with linear or zigzag-shaped pulsed light sterilization lamps to ensure a perfect match between the sterilization light source and the flow path. In terms of assembly structure, each module is connected with a high-strength seal using silicone gaskets and bolts / nuts corresponding to the channel openings, ensuring both flow channel continuity and ease of disassembly and maintenance. The pulsed light sterilization lamps are arranged axially along the main channel, with a reasonable gap between the outer wall of the lamp tube and the inner wall of the channel, allowing the fluid to receive omnidirectional pulsed light irradiation during its flow.

[0047] This invention overcomes the shortcomings of existing pulsed light fluid sterilization devices, such as insufficient sterilization, inadequate fluid turbulence, and incomplete inactivation of some harmful enzymes, by introducing a Tesla valve structure and a pulsed light germicidal lamp in a synergistic design. Through multi-stage reflux channels and the unique reflux structure of the Tesla valve, the fluid is continuously turbulent and mixed within the main flow channel, thereby extending the contact time between the fluid and the light source and ensuring uniform pulsed light irradiation throughout the entire channel, avoiding blind spots in illumination.

[0048] Under non-thermal treatment conditions, this invention can efficiently destroy the cell membranes, proteins, and nucleic acid structures of microorganisms in fluids, achieving rapid sterilization. Simultaneously, it can effectively inactivate enzymes such as pectin methyl esterase, which adversely affect product quality, while maintaining the original flavor, nutritional components, and sensory quality of the fluid. The modular structure facilitates expansion and maintenance, the sealed design ensures system operational stability and hygiene safety, and the vertical arrangement and optional rotating turbulence mode further enhance sterilization efficiency and reduce energy consumption, making it suitable for various liquid processing scenarios requiring high-quality non-thermal sterilization. Attached Figure Description

[0049] A brief explanation of the contents of each figure in the instruction manual and the markings in the figures is provided: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the sterilization device in Example 1; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Exploded view; Figure 3 This is a top view of the Tesla valve structure in Example 1; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of fluid flow within the Tesla valve structure in Example 1. The dashed arrows in the diagram indicate the direction of fluid flow and disturbance. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sterilization device in Example 2; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the interaction between the module and the pulsed light germicidal lamp in Example 2; Figure 7 This is a top view of the Tesla valve structure in Example 2; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the interaction between the three modules and the pulsed light germicidal lamp in the embodiment. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the sterilization device in Example 4; Figure 10 for Figure 9 Exploded view; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of fluid flow within the Tesla valve structure in Example 4. The dashed arrows in the diagram indicate the direction of fluid flow and disturbance. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the sterilization device in Example 5; Figure 13 This is a top view of the Tesla valve structure in Example 5; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of fluid flow within the Tesla valve structure in Example 5. The dashed arrows in the diagram indicate the direction of fluid flow and disturbance. In the diagram: 1 is the Tesla valve structure; 1-1 is the main flow channel; 1-11 is the reverse inlet channel; 1-12 is the main flow channel; 1-13 is the reverse outlet channel; 1-14 is the straight section; 1-15 is the bend section; 1-2 is the module; 1-3 is the sealing gasket; 1-4 is the liquid inlet port; 1-5 is the liquid outlet port; 1-6 is the reflux bend; 1-61 is the first straight pipe section; 1-62 is the arc-shaped bend section; 1-63 is the second straight pipe section; 1-7 is the reflux groove; 1-71 is the first straight groove section; 1-72 is the arc-shaped groove section; 1-73 is the second straight groove section; 2 is the pulsed high-intensity light germicidal lamp; 2-1 is the lamp tube body; 2-2 is the electrode structure; 2-3 is the rubber sealing ring; 3 is the bearing; 4 is the driven gear; 5 is the funnel; 6 is the guide pipe; 7 is the sealing nut; 8 is the annular groove; 9 is the liquid inlet pipe; 10 is the liquid outlet pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings, providing some non-limiting embodiments. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention. Example 1

[0051] A sterilization device based on pulsed high-intensity light for fluids includes a Tesla valve structure 1 and a pulsed high-intensity light germicidal lamp 2.

[0052] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the Tesla valve structure 1 includes a main flow channel 1-1 and several return channels disposed on and connected to the side wall of the main flow channel 1-1. The main flow channel 1-1 is used to form the main flow path of the fluid, and the return channels are used to branch off from the main flow channel 1-1 and return to the main flow channel 1-1, thereby disturbing the fluid.

[0053] like Figure 2 , 3 As shown, the Tesla valve structure 1 is composed of four modules 1-2 spliced ​​together to connect the main flow channel 1-1 and the return flow channel after splicing, forming the overall flow channel of the Tesla valve. Modules 1-2 are made of polytetrafluoroethylene. Each module 1-2 has a main flow channel 1-1 groove and a flow distribution structure groove on its surface. The overall flow channel is formed by the combination of all modules 1-2, and the main flow channel 1-1 groove and the flow distribution channel groove of adjacent modules 1-2 are interconnected at the splicing position. Four silicone sealing gaskets 1-3 with a thickness of 2mm and a quantity of 4 pieces are provided between modules 1-2 with notches corresponding to the groove openings to achieve a sealed connection. All modules 1-2 are fixed into a whole by bolts that pass through along the splicing direction and the nuts that cooperate with them.

[0054] like Figure 1 , 4 As shown, the main flow channel 1-1 includes a reverse inlet channel 1-11, a main flow channel 1-12, and a reverse outlet channel 1-13 along the reverse flow path. Several return channels are arranged on the main flow channel 1-12. The pulsed light germicidal lamp 2 is arranged inside the main flow channel 1-1, and its outer wall forms an annular gap with a width of 5mm to 20mm between the inner wall of the main flow channel 1-1 for fluid to flow through.

[0055] like Figure 2 As shown, at both ends of the main channel 1-1, rubber sealing rings 2-3 are respectively fitted onto both ends of the pulsed light germicidal lamp 2. The two rubber sealing rings 2-3 are located in the reverse inlet channel 1-11 and the reverse outlet channel 1-13, respectively, and are pressed against each other inside the main channel 1-1 after all modules 1-2 are assembled, thereby achieving a seal inside the main channel 1-1. A sealing nut 7 with internal threads is also provided on the outside of both ends of the main channel 1-1. Annular grooves 8 are respectively opened on the outer sides of the reverse inlet channel 1-11 and the reverse outlet channel 1-13, and annular sealing gaskets are embedded in the annular grooves 8. The side wall of the annular groove 8 near the main channel 1-1 has external threads. When the sealing nut 7 engages with the external threads, it applies axial compressive force to the annular sealing gasket, thereby achieving a seal on the outside of both ends of the main channel 1-1.

[0056] Module 1-2 is also equipped with an inlet pipe 9 and an outlet pipe 10. The inlet pipe 9 is connected to the reverse inlet channel 1-11, and the outlet pipe 10 is connected to the reverse outlet channel 1-13 to facilitate the introduction and discharge of fluid.

[0057] The reflux channel includes a first straight section, a curved section connected thereto, and a second straight section. The end of the first straight section away from the curved section is connected to the side wall of the main flow channel 1-12 via an inlet port 1-4. The end of the second straight section away from the curved section is connected to the side wall of the main flow channel 1-12 via an outlet port 1-5, and is located downstream of the first straight section in the mainstream direction. The mainstream direction is the direction in which fluid in the mainstream channel 1-1 flows from the reverse inlet channel 1-11 to the reverse outlet channel 1-13. The angle between the first straight section and the main flow channel 1-12 is 30°~60°, the curved section is an arc segment with a central angle of 120°~150°, and the angle between the second straight section and the main flow channel 1-12 is 30°~60°. In this embodiment, the reflux channel is a reflux bend 1-6, the first straight section is a first straight pipe section 1-61, the curved section is an arc-shaped bend section 1-62, and the second straight section is a second straight pipe section 1-63.

[0058] like Figure 2 As shown, the main channel 1-1 is a straight-through type, and the pulsed high-intensity light germicidal lamp 2 is a linear lamp that works in conjunction with the main channel 1-1. The pulsed high-intensity light germicidal lamp 2 includes a lamp tube body 2-1 and two electrode structures 2-2 connected to both ends of the lamp tube body 2-1. Each electrode structure 2-2 of the pulsed high-intensity light germicidal lamp 2 has a conductive part extending into the lamp tube body 2-1 and a connecting part located outside the lamp tube body 2-1. The connecting part is used to electrically connect with the trigger power supply module 1-2. The lamp tube body 2-1 is connected between the two electrode structures 2-2 and is a sealed tubular structure filled with gas for generating pulsed high-intensity light. The lamp tube body 2-1 and the two electrode structures 2-2 together form a pulsed discharge circuit. The conductive part of the electrode structure 2-2 is made of tungsten, and one end of it located inside the lamp body is conical with a cone angle of 30°-60° and a diameter of 2mm-5mm. The lamp body 2-1 is made of quartz and filled with xenon gas at a pressure of 20kPa-50kPa and a purity of ≥99.99%. Figure 1 As shown, there are 5 levels of return bends along the main channel 1-1. The number of return bends 1-6 in each level is equal to the number of modules 1-2, that is, there are four in each level, for a total of 20 return bends 1-6. All return bends 1-6 are arranged in four columns along the axis of the main channel 1-1, and the four columns of return bends 1-6 are arranged symmetrically along the axis.

[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, five levels of return bends are set along the main flow channel 1-1, with the number of bends in each level equal to the number of modules 1-2, i.e., four bends per level, for a total of 20 return bends 1-6. The four rows of bends are arranged axially symmetrically along the axis of the main flow channel 1-1.Figure 4 As shown, the fluid enters the return bend through the inlet port 1-4 in the main channel 1-12, and then returns to the main channel 1-12 through the outlet port 1-5, where it merges with the mainstream fluid to form a turbulence zone, thereby enhancing fluid mixing and light uniformity.

[0060] The sterilization process in this embodiment is as follows: In this embodiment of the sterilization device based on pulsed intense light for fluids, taking citrus juice as an example, the sterilization is carried out using the following steps: S1. Assemble the Tesla valve structure 1 and install the pulsed high-intensity germicidal lamp 2. The four modules 1-2 are sequentially assembled to form an integral flow channel structure of the Tesla valve with a main flow channel 1-1 and several return flow channels. Silicone sealing gaskets 1-3 with openings corresponding to the channel grooves are placed between the contact surfaces of adjacent modules 1-2, and each module 1-2 is radially tightened and fixed with bolts and nuts to ensure sealing and structural stability. During assembly, the pulsed light germicidal lamp 2 is fixed and sealed along the axis of the main flow channel 1-1, with its lamp body 2-1 located inside the channel, forming a 10mm annular gap between the outer wall of the lamp body and the inner wall of the channel. The electrode structures 2-2 at both ends of the lamp body 2-1 extend outside the main flow channel 1-1 and are connected to the trigger power supply module 1-2.

[0061] S2, Introduce the fluid to be sterilized. The coarsely filtered citrus juice with a soluble solids content of 12°Brix is ​​introduced into the reverse inlet channel 1-11 through the inlet pipe 9, so that it enters the main channel 1-12 along the reverse path of the Tesla valve; part of the juice enters the return bend 1-6 through the inlet port 1-4, and after passing through the arc bend section 1-62 and the second straight pipe section 1-63, it returns to the main channel 1-12 from the outlet port 1-5, where it mixes and agitates with the juice in the main channel 1-12.

[0062] S3, forming a multi-level turbulence zone The five-stage reflux bends 1-6 set along the main channel 1-12 create obvious turbulence zones for the juice at each reflux point, with the streamlines intersecting and generating turbulence, which significantly enhances the uniformity of contact between the juice and the surface of the pulsed light germicidal lamp 2 and reduces the blind spots of light.

[0063] S4. Implement pulsed intense light sterilization. Turn on the pulsed high-intensity germicidal lamp 2, emitting a broad-spectrum pulsed light with a frequency of 10 Hz and a single-shot energy density of 5 J / cm², in a wavelength range of 200~1100 nm, and irradiate the flowing fruit juice under non-thermal conditions. The pulsed light can effectively destroy the cell structure of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc. in the fruit juice, and reduce the inactivation rate of pectin methylesterase to over 95%.

[0064] S5. Discharge the sterilized fluid. After sterilization, the juice is discharged through the reverse outlet channel 1-13 and then discharged from the liquid outlet pipe 10, and then transported to the aseptic filling machine for filling.

[0065] sterilization effect Citrus juice was used as the treatment target. Before treatment, the average content of E. coli in the juice was 3.5 × 10⁻⁶. 5 The CFU / mL concentration of Staphylococcus aureus was 2.1 × 10⁻⁶ CFU / mL. 5 The average concentration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 1.8 × 10⁻⁶ CFU / mL. 5 The cFU / mL content was high, the relative activity of pectin methylesterase was 100%, and the total vitamin C content was 42.3 mg / 100 mL. Sensory qualities included a bright color and a pronounced fruity aroma.

[0066] After treatment with the apparatus and method of this embodiment, the viable counts of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were all below the detection limit (<10 CFU / mL), achieving a sterilization efficiency of over 99.99%; the residual activity of pectin methyl esterase was less than 5%, and the total vitamin C retention rate was over 95%. Sensory evaluation results showed that the color of the treated juice did not change significantly, and the aroma and taste were similar to those before treatment, without exhibiting the burnt aroma or darkening phenomenon commonly seen in heat treatment.

[0067] Compared with traditional pasteurization, this method achieves efficient sterilization while significantly preserving the nutritional components and fresh-squeezed flavor of the juice, and is suitable for non-thermal sterilization of heat-sensitive liquid foods. Example 2

[0068] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in the number of modules 1-2 constituting the Tesla valve structure 1 and the arrangement of the return channel.

[0069] like Figure 5 , 6 As shown in Figure 7, in this embodiment, the Tesla valve structure 1 is composed of two modules 1-2 spliced ​​together. The main flow channel 1-1 groove of each module 1-2 is connected to the diversion structure groove after splicing to form an integral flow channel. A total of 5 levels of return bends 1-6 are set along the main flow channel 1-1, with 2 return bends 1-6 in each level, so a total of 10 return bends 1-6 are set. All return bends 1-6 are arranged in two columns along the axis of the main flow channel 1-1, and the two columns of return bends 1-6 are symmetrically arranged at the axis of the main flow channel 1-1.

[0070] Compared to Embodiment 1, this embodiment reduces the number of modules 1-2 and the number of return channel rows, resulting in a more compact device structure and reduced overall flow resistance. This facilitates flow rate control and energy consumption reduction for the processed fluid. Simultaneously, the two symmetrically distributed return channels still create sufficient disturbance zones in the fluid, ensuring uniform contact between the fluid and the surface of the pulsed light germicidal lamp 2, thus balancing sterilization efficiency with a simplified device structure. Example 3

[0071] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 lies in the structural form of the main channel 1-1 and the arrangement of the return channel.

[0072] like Figure 8 As shown in this embodiment, the main flow channel 1-1 of the pulsed light sterilization device for fluids has a zigzag structure. The main flow channel 1-12 is formed by connecting four straight segments 1-14 sequentially through bend segments 1-15, making the overall flow path zigzag-shaped. The pulsed light sterilization lamp 2 that works in conjunction with it is also zigzag-shaped, with its bend position corresponding to the bend segment 1-15 of the main flow channel 1-12, thereby ensuring that the annular gap between the outer wall of the lamp tube and the inner wall of the channel is uniform.

[0073] Several return bends 1-6 are distributed sequentially along the main flow direction and are alternately arranged on both sides of the zigzag main flow channel 1-12. A return bend 1-6 is provided on each straight segment 1-14. The return bend 1-6 is connected to the corresponding straight segment 1-14 through the liquid inlet port 1-4 and the liquid outlet port 1-5, so that the fluid re-enters the main flow channel 1-12 after return and generates disturbance.

[0074] In this embodiment, four reflux channels are arranged along the main flow channel 1-1, forming four reflux bends 1-6. The four reflux bends 1-6 are respectively arranged on different straight sections 1-14 and alternately on both sides of the main flow channel 1-12. This arrangement maintains the fluid disturbance effect while increasing the relative contact time between the fluid and the light source by utilizing the zigzag flow path, thereby improving the sterilization uniformity and efficiency. Example 4

[0075] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in the structural form of the return channel and the fluid disturbance method.

[0076] like Figure 9 , 10 As shown in Figure 11, in this embodiment, the main channel 1-1 of the sterilization device based on pulsed light for fluids has a straight-through structure, and the pulsed light sterilization lamp 2 is a linear lamp tube. An annular gap is formed between its outer wall and the inner wall of the main channel 1-1 to allow fluid to flow through.

[0077] Unlike Embodiment 1, which uses a return bend 1-6, this embodiment uses a return channel 1-7, meaning the inlet port 1-4 and outlet port 1-5 of the return channel are integrated. Specifically, the first straight section is the first straight groove section 1-71, the curved section is the arc-shaped groove section 1-72, and the second straight section is the second straight groove section 1-73, with each section continuously formed in the same groove.

[0078] like Figure 9 and Figure 11 As shown, the return tank 1-7 is arranged in an irregular ring shape along the circumference of the main channel 1-12, allowing the fluid in the main channel 1-12 to enter the return tank 1-7 in a 360° direction during diversion, and then return to the main channel 1-12 in a 360° direction after completing the return path. This full-circumferential diversion and return method can create stronger multi-directional turbulence and disturbance in the main channel 1-1, significantly enhancing the contact uniformity between the fluid and the pulsed intense light irradiation surface, thereby achieving a more comprehensive and efficient non-thermal sterilization effect. Example 5

[0079] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in the overall shape of the Tesla valve structure 1 and the fluid disturbance method.

[0080] like Figure 12 , 13 As shown, in this embodiment, the Tesla valve structure 1, which is formed by splicing four modules 1-2, is cylindrical in shape and arranged vertically along its axis. The reverse inlet channel 1-11 of the main channel 1-1 is located at the upper end of the cylindrical Tesla valve structure 1, and the reverse outlet channel 1-13 is located at the lower end.

[0081] Bearings 3 are respectively fitted on the upper and lower ends of the Tesla valve structure 1 to limit and support the rotation of the Tesla valve structure 1. A driven gear 4 is fixedly fitted in the middle of the two bearings 3. The driven gear 4 meshes with the driving gear driven by the motor, thereby realizing the rotation of the Tesla valve structure 1 by the motor.

[0082] The sterilization device in this embodiment also includes an inlet funnel 5 fixed above the cylindrical Tesla valve structure 1. The inlet funnel 5 includes a conical cavity with an open upper part and a guide tube 6 connected to the lower end of the conical cavity. The guide tube 6 extends into the reverse inlet channel 1-11 of the main channel 1-1 and is used to uniformly introduce the fluid into the Tesla valve structure 1.

[0083] The pulsed high-intensity light germicidal lamp 2 is a vertically arranged linear lamp tube. Its main body passes through the main channel 1-1 and the funnel 5 guide tube 6 and is fixedly installed. A gap is left between the outer wall of the lamp tube and the inner wall of the guide tube 6 to ensure that the fluid can flow smoothly around the lamp tube. The two electrode structures (2-2) and the external wiring are waterproofed.

[0084] likeFigure 14 As shown, during operation, the fluid to be sterilized is introduced into the main flow channel 1-1 through the funnel 5. Under the action of the main flow channel 1-1 and the return channel 1-7 of the Tesla valve structure 1, the fluid forms turbulence along the axial direction and can achieve 360° full-circumference return to the main flow channel 1-12, similar to Embodiment 4. At the same time, the Tesla valve structure 1 is rotated by the motor, causing the fluid to generate tangential disturbance while flowing axially. This, combined with the multi-stage return disturbance, forms a three-dimensional composite turbulence effect, thereby significantly enhancing the uniformity of contact between the fluid and the surface of the pulsed light germicidal lamp 2, reducing the light dead angle, and improving the sterilization efficiency.

[0085] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the use of terms such as "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, is merely for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," etc., is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0086] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of these terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A sterilization device for fluids based on pulsed intense light, characterized in that, Including a Tesla valve structure (1) and a pulsed light germicidal lamp (2); The Tesla valve structure (1) includes a main flow channel (1-1) and several return channels disposed on the side of the main flow channel (1-1) and connected to the main flow channel (1-1). The main flow channel (1-1) is used to form the main flow channel of the fluid, and the return channels are used to branch off from the main flow channel (1-1) and return to the main flow channel (1-1). The Tesla valve structure (1) is composed of at least two modules (1-2) spliced ​​together so that the main flow channel (1-1) and the return channels are connected after splicing to form the overall flow channel of the Tesla valve. The main flow channel (1-1) includes a reverse inlet channel (1-11), a main flow channel (1-12), and a reverse outlet channel (1-13) along the reverse flow path. Several return channels are arranged on the main flow channel (1-12). The pulsed light germicidal lamp (2) is arranged in the main flow channel (1-1). There is an annular gap between the inner wall of the main flow channel (1-1) and the pulsed light germicidal lamp (2) through which the fluid flows. The fluid enters the main flow channel (1-12) from the reverse inlet channel (1-11) of the Tesla valve. After the fluid in the main flow channel (1-12) is diverted into the return channel and flows back, it merges and disturbs with the fluid in the main flow channel (1-12) to form a turbulence zone.

2. The sterilization device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each module (1-2) has a main channel (1-1) slot and a diversion structure slot on its surface. The overall flow channel is formed by the combination of all modules (1-2), and the main channel (1-1) slot and the diversion channel slot of adjacent modules (1-2) are interconnected at the splicing position. The reflux channel includes a first straight section, a curved section connected to the first straight section, and a second straight section connected to the guiding curved section. The end of the first straight section away from the curved section is connected to the side wall of the main channel (1-12) through the liquid inlet port (1-4). The end of the second straight section away from the curved section is connected to the side wall of the main channel (1-12) through the liquid outlet port (1-5) and is located downstream of the first straight section along the mainstream direction. The mainstream direction is the direction in which the fluid in the mainstream channel (1-1) flows from the reverse inlet channel (1-11) to the reverse outlet channel (1-13). A sealing gasket (1-3) is provided between adjacent modules (1-2) to achieve a sealed connection between modules (1-2); all modules (1-2) are fixed as a whole Tesla valve structure (1) by a fixing structure. The pulsed light germicidal lamp (2) includes a lamp tube body (2-1) and two electrode structures (2-2) respectively connected to both ends of the lamp tube body (2-1); The fluid in the main channel (1-12) enters the return channel through the inlet port (1-4) and flows back to the main channel (1-12) through the outlet port (1-5), where it merges and disturbs the fluid in the main channel (1-12), forming the turbulence zone.

3. The sterilization device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The angle between the first straight section and the main channel (1-12) is 30°-60°, the curved section is an arc-shaped structure with a central angle of 120°-150°, the angle between the second straight section and the main channel (1-12) is 30°-60°, and there are 2-4 modules (1-2).

4. The sterilization device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The return channel is a return bend (1-6), the first straight section of the return bend (1-6) is the first straight pipe section (1-61), the bend section is the arc-shaped bend section (1-62), and the second straight section is the second straight pipe section (1-63).

5. The sterilization device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The main channel (1-1) is a straight channel, and the pulsed light germicidal lamp (2) is a linear lamp that works in conjunction with the main channel (1-1).

6. The sterilization device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The main channel (1-12) of the main channel (1-1) is a zigzag shape, formed by connecting at least two straight segments (1-14) sequentially through a bend segment (1-15). The pulsed light germicidal lamp (2) is a zigzag lamp that works in conjunction with the main channel (1-1). Several reflux bends (1-6) are distributed sequentially along the main channel direction and are alternately arranged on both sides of the zigzag main channel (1-12). At least one reflux bend (1-6) is provided on a straight segment (1-14) of the zigzag main channel (1-12). The reflux bend (1-6) is connected to the straight segment (1-14) through an inlet port (1-4) and an outlet port (1-5) respectively.

7. The sterilization device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The main channel (1-1) is a straight channel, and the pulsed light germicidal lamp (2) is a linear lamp that works in conjunction with the main channel (1-1); the return channel is a return groove (1-7), the first straight section is the first straight groove section (1-71), the curved section is the arc groove section (1-72), and the second straight section is the second straight groove section (1-73).

8. The sterilization device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The Tesla valve structure (1) assembled from at least two modules (1-2) is cylindrical; the cylindrical Tesla valve structure (1) is vertically arranged along its axis, wherein the reverse inlet channel (1-11) of the main channel (1-1) is located at the upper end, and the reverse outlet channel (1-13) is located at the lower end; Bearings (3) that define the Tesla valve structure (1) are respectively sleeved on both ends of the Tesla valve structure (1), and a passive gear (4) is fixedly sleeved in the middle of the two bearings (3); it also includes a motor and a motor-driven active gear, the active gear meshing with the passive gear (4); It also includes an inlet funnel (5) fixed above the frustum-shaped Tesla valve structure (1), the inlet funnel (5) including a cone-shaped cavity with an open upper part and a guide tube (6) connected to the lower end of the cone-shaped cavity; the guide tube (6) extends into the reverse inlet channel (1-11) of the main channel (1-1); the linear pulsed light germicidal lamp (2) passes vertically through the guide tube (6) of the main channel (1-1) and the funnel (5) and is fixed thereto, and there is a gap between the pulsed light germicidal lamp (2) and the guide tube (6); The fluid is guided through the funnel (5) to the main channel (1-1) of the Tesla valve structure (1). Under the action of the main channel (1-1) and the return groove (1-7), the fluid forms turbulence. At the same time, the Tesla valve structure (1) is driven to rotate by the motor, causing the fluid to rotate within the Tesla valve structure (1), so that the fluid can fully contact the pulsed light germicidal lamp (2).

9. The sterilization device as described in claims 5-7, characterized in that, Rubber sealing rings (2-3) are respectively fitted at both ends of the pulsed light germicidal lamp (2); the two rubber sealing rings (2-3) are respectively set in the reverse inlet channel (1-11) and the reverse outlet channel (1-13), and are pressed against the inside of both ends of the main channel (1-1) by all modules (1-2), thereby sealing the inside of the main channel (1-1); Internally threaded sealing nuts (7) are provided on the outside of both ends of the main channel (1-1). Annular grooves (8) are provided on the outside of the reverse inlet channel (1-11) and the reverse outlet channel (1-13). The two annular grooves (8) are respectively provided at both ends of the Tesla valve structure (1). Annular sealing gaskets are provided in the two annular grooves (8). External threads are provided on the side walls of the two annular grooves (8) near the main channel. The sealing nuts (7) cooperate with the external threads to compress the sealing gaskets, thereby sealing the outside of both ends of the main channel (1-1). The module (1-2) is also provided with an inlet pipe (9) and an outlet pipe (10). The inlet pipe (9) is connected to the reverse inlet channel (1-11), and the outlet pipe (10) is connected to the reverse outlet channel (1-13).

10. A sterilization method using the sterilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Assemble the Tesla valve structure (1) and install the pulsed high-intensity light germicidal lamp (2). Several modules (1-2) are assembled sequentially to form an integral flow channel structure of the Tesla valve with a main flow channel (1-1) and several return flow channels; sealing gaskets (1-3) with openings corresponding to the channel grooves are set between the contact surfaces of adjacent modules (1-2), and each module (1-2) is radially pressed and fixed by a fixing structure to ensure the sealing performance and structural stability of the connection between modules (1-2); While assembling the Tesla valve structure (1), the pulsed light germicidal lamp (2) is fixedly set along the axial direction of the main channel (1-1), so that the lamp body (2-1) is located inside the main channel (1-1), and an annular gap is formed between the outer wall of the lamp and the inner wall of the main channel (1-1) for fluid to flow through; the electrode structures (2-2) at both ends of the germicidal lamp extend out of the main channel (1-1) and are reliably connected to the trigger power supply module (1-2); S2, Introduce the fluid to be sterilized. The fluid to be sterilized is introduced into the reverse inlet channel (1-11) of the Tesla valve structure (1), and the fluid enters the main channel (1-12) along a path opposite to the design direction of the Tesla valve. In the main channel (1-12), part of the fluid enters the return channel through the inlet port (1-4), and after passing through the curved section and the second straight section, it flows back to the main channel (1-12) through the outlet port (1-5), where it merges with the mainstream fluid in the main channel (1-12) at the confluence position, forming a local disturbance. S3, forming a multi-level turbulence zone Multiple recirculation channels are distributed sequentially along the length of the main channel (1-12). Each recirculation channel can introduce a portion of the fluid and return it to the main channel (1-12), thereby forming a turbulence zone at each recirculation point. In each turbulence zone, the fluid velocity decreases, streamlines intersect and turbulence occurs, so that the fluid as a whole can make more sufficient contact with the outer surface of the pulsed light germicidal lamp (2), avoiding light dead angles and improving the uniformity of light. S4. Implement pulsed intense light sterilization. While the fluid flows through the main channel (1-1), the pulsed light germicidal lamp (2) is activated, which releases several high-intensity, broad-spectrum pulsed light radiations per second. When the pulsed light irradiates the fluid, the microbial cell membrane, intracellular protein and nucleic acid structure are destroyed by strong photophysical and photochemical effects, thereby achieving sterilization. At the same time, it can inactivate harmful enzymes such as pectin methyl esterase in the fluid. S5. Discharge the sterilized fluid. After the fluid is sterilized by the combined action of multi-stage turbulence and pulsed intense light in the Tesla valve structure (1), it is discharged through the reverse outlet channel (1-13); the sterilized fluid is directly transported to the filling or subsequent processing stage.

Images