Active noise reduction seat special for rail transit and contour design method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit, in particular to an active noise reduction seat special for rail transit and a contour design method. Comprising the following steps: S1, building and arranging a seat structure; s2, noise reduction equipment is installed and connected; s3, preparing a multi-layer composite sound insulation material; s4, electrical connection and power supply; s5, operating the intelligent adjusting mechanism; and S6, active noise reduction work is carried out. By constructing an adjustable seat structure, mounting noise reduction equipment, configuring a multi-layer composite sound insulation material, realizing electrical connection and an intelligent adjustment mechanism, developing active noise reduction work, and utilizing sound wave interference, material characteristics and intelligent control, effective suppression of low-frequency and medium-frequency noise in a vehicle is realized, a low-noise environment is created for passengers, and the safety of the passengers is improved. And the riding comfort is improved. By means of the intelligent adjusting function and modular arrangement, the seat can meet the requirements of different drivers, and the height flexibility and adjustability are achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of rail transit, in particular to an active noise reduction seat for rail transit and a contour design method. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing popularity of rail transit, the environmental noise problem in high-speed transportation tools such as trains and subways has attracted more and more attention. The noise in the vehicle comes from various sources, including wheel and rail friction, air power and mechanical noise generated by equipment operation. These noises not only affect the comfort of the driver, but also harm his health in the long run. In the prior art, such as the integrated adjustable active noise reduction driver's cabin seat disclosed in Chinese Patent No. CN119239673A, although passive sound insulation materials and structural optimization design are used to reduce noise transmission, there are still some deficiencies: first, the passive sound insulation effect is limited, and the low-frequency and dynamic noise is not well handled; second, the seat design focuses on comfort and safety, and lacks systematic consideration of noise isolation; third, the application of active noise reduction technology in seat design is not mature, and lacks optimization for the rail transit environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a seat structure design method that integrates active noise reduction technology and ergonomics design. SUMMARY

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide an active noise reduction seat for rail transit and a contour design method. By constructing an adjustable seat structure, installing noise reduction equipment, configuring multi-layer composite sound insulation materials, realizing electrical connection and intelligent adjustment mechanism, and carrying out active noise reduction work, the seat utilizes sound wave interference, material properties and intelligent control to effectively suppress low-frequency and medium-frequency noise in the vehicle, creating a low-noise environment for passengers and improving ride comfort.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present application is as follows: An active noise reduction seat for rail transit and a contour design method, comprising the following steps: S1, seat structure construction and arrangement: a seat frame is constructed with a steel structure, a front part is connected to a seat cushion, a rear part is connected to a backrest, and a bottom part is a plane and is fixed to a base; the backrest angle is connected to the seat frame through a hinge, and the seat cushion thickness is provided with an adjustable device, so that the backrest and the seat cushion have adjustable functions; S2, noise reduction equipment installation and connection: a plurality of noise sensors are installed in the backrest, seat cushion and headrest area of the seat frame, and are connected to an audio processing unit through wiring or a wireless module; a loudspeaker array is arranged on the inner side of the backrest, both sides of the seat cushion and near the headrest, and is connected to the audio processing unit through a data line; an audio processing unit including a DSP module and a filter is installed, and is interconnected with an intelligent control module; S3. Multi-layer composite sound insulation material configuration: Sound-absorbing and sound-insulating materials are selected according to different parts of the seat frame; different types of materials are combined and laid out for the backrest, sides and seat cushion to ensure that noise is absorbed and isolated in multiple ways during transmission; S4. Electrical Connection and Power Supply: Connect the power module to the vehicle power supply via wiring harness to provide power to the noise reduction equipment; use wiring to connect the noise reduction equipment and the intelligent control module to the power module; S5. Intelligent adjustment mechanism operation: The intelligent control module acquires noise data through noise sensors; based on the ambient noise intensity, the intelligent adjustment module automatically adjusts the working status of the noise reduction equipment, and adjusts the frequency, intensity and working mode of the noise reduction equipment in real time; the driver can adjust the seat angle and noise reduction intensity through the touch screen, buttons or voice commands using the manual or voice adjustment interface. S6. Active noise reduction: The noise sensor monitors the ambient noise inside the vehicle in real time and transmits the signal to the audio processing unit; the audio processing unit generates an inverse sound wave based on the noise signal and emits interference sound waves through the speaker array to reduce noise interference; based on the characteristics of low-frequency and mid-frequency noise sources in rail transit vehicles, the frequency response and noise cancellation algorithm of the active noise reduction system are optimized to effectively process and suppress noise.

[0005] This technical solution effectively suppresses low- and mid-frequency noise within the vehicle by constructing an adjustable seat structure, installing noise reduction equipment and optimizing noise reduction algorithms, configuring multi-layer composite sound insulation materials, and implementing an intelligent adjustment mechanism, thereby significantly improving passenger comfort. Specifically, ambient noise is captured by noise sensors, and an audio processing unit generates inverse sound waves, utilizing wave interference cancellation to reduce noise. The adjustable seat structure conforms to ergonomics, enhancing seating comfort. Multi-layer composite sound insulation materials utilize the differences in sound wave absorption and reflection by different materials to achieve multiple levels of noise reduction. The intelligent adjustment mechanism automatically adjusts noise reduction parameters according to noise changes to ensure effective noise reduction. Electrical connections power the equipment and ensure signal transmission, enabling the entire system to work collaboratively to create a low-noise environment for passengers. The system utilizes a seating structure to provide a foundation for noise reduction equipment installation and human support; it also constructs a noise monitoring and reverse sound wave emission system through the installation and connection of noise reduction equipment; it enhances sound insulation and absorption effects from a physical perspective through the configuration of multi-layer composite sound insulation materials; it ensures system power and signal transmission through electrical connections and power supply; it achieves adaptive adjustment of noise reduction parameters through intelligent adjustment mechanisms; and it eliminates noise through active noise reduction by utilizing the principle of sound wave interference. All these steps work together to achieve the goal of active noise reduction.

[0006] In addition, the active noise reduction seat and contour design method for rail transit proposed above according to the present invention also have the following additional technical features: According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the seat frame is a steel structure with a rust-proof surface, and the interior of the seat frame is made of multi-layer composite sound insulation material, including a sound-absorbing layer and a sound-insulating layer.

[0007] This technical solution uses a steel structure with rust-proof surface treatment to build the seat frame, ensuring the strength, stability and durability of the seat; at the same time, multiple layers of composite sound insulation materials are used inside the seat frame. The sound-absorbing layer absorbs sound energy and the sound insulation layer blocks sound waves, working together to reduce noise and achieve the noise reduction function of the seat.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the seat cushion thickness adjustment device adopts a pneumatically adjustable airbag and a pneumatic control button; several independent airbags are set inside the seat cushion and connected to an air source through a pneumatic control button installed on the side of the seat; the driver controls the inflation and deflation of the airbags by pressing the pneumatic control button, thereby realizing the adjustment of the seat cushion thickness.

[0009] This technical solution constructs an adjustable basic structure by setting several independent airbags inside the seat cushion; it uses an air source to provide power, and connects to the airbags and air source via a pneumatic control button to form a complete control loop. The driver's operation of pressing the button becomes the trigger point for controlling the air to enter and exit the airbag, thereby realizing the inflation and deflation of the airbag, and ultimately achieving the purpose of adjusting the seat cushion thickness.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the noise sensor is a high-sensitivity capacitive microphone; the noise sensor is divided into: Error sensors are located in front of the headrest, arranged in a matrix, and positioned towards the ears; Reference sensors are located above the headrest, below the backrest, and below the seat cushion, distributed around the perimeter of the seat frame.

[0011] This technical solution employs a high-sensitivity capacitive microphone as a noise sensor to ensure high-precision capture of noise signals; error sensors are positioned in front of the headrest, facing the ears and arranged in a matrix, to accurately acquire noise around the ears; reference sensors are distributed around the seat frame to acquire overall environmental noise information; the two work together, with the error sensor data referencing the reference sensor data, thereby accurately analyzing the noise situation.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the loudspeakers in the loudspeaker array are low-distortion, high-power broadband loudspeakers that cover the frequency range of low-frequency and mid-frequency noise in rail transit vehicles, accurately emitting interference sound waves that are opposite to the noise signal, thereby achieving a highly efficient noise cancellation effect.

[0013] This technical solution ensures the accuracy of the reverse sound wave signal by employing low distortion characteristics and avoiding the introduction of additional noise; it utilizes high power characteristics to ensure sufficient energy to generate a strong reverse sound wave; and it leverages wideband characteristics to cover the low-frequency and mid-frequency noise bands in rail transit. Combining these characteristics, the loudspeaker array can accurately emit interference sound waves that are the opposite of the noise signal.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the intelligent adjustment module is provided with a data storage unit. The data storage unit records environmental noise data and corresponding noise reduction equipment operating parameters under different time periods and different operating conditions. After analysis, the intelligent adjustment module learns and optimizes the noise reduction strategy, predicts the best noise reduction parameters under different environments based on historical data, and adjusts the working state of the noise reduction equipment in advance.

[0015] This technical solution sets up a data storage unit in the intelligent adjustment module to record environmental noise data and corresponding noise reduction equipment parameters under different time periods and operating conditions, providing rich material for subsequent analysis. Then, the intelligent adjustment module analyzes these data, uses machine learning algorithms to discover patterns between the data, and then learns and optimizes the noise reduction strategy. Finally, based on historical data, it predicts the optimal noise reduction parameters under different environments and adjusts the working state of the noise reduction equipment in advance, forming a system from data recording to strategy optimization.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the sound-absorbing material is polyester fiber sound-absorbing cotton or foam, which is customized according to the shape and size of each part of the seat and fits tightly with the seat structure.

[0017] This technical solution utilizes materials with excellent sound absorption properties, such as polyester fiber sound-absorbing cotton or foam, and leverages their unique internal pore structure to convert sound energy into heat energy to absorb sound. Simultaneously, it is customized according to the shape and size of each part of the seat to ensure a tight fit between the sound-absorbing material and the seat structure, preventing sound waves from escaping through gaps, thereby comprehensively and efficiently improving the overall sound absorption capacity of the seat.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the sound insulation material is high-density polyethylene plastic or aluminum foil, which effectively prevents noise from spreading from the outside to the inside of the seat.

[0019] This technical solution uses high-density polyethylene plastic or aluminum foil as sound insulation materials. It utilizes the dense molecular structure of high-density polyethylene plastic to impede the propagation of sound waves, and the smooth surface of aluminum foil to reflect most sound waves and the tightly bonded internal atoms to limit the propagation of sound waves. From the two perspectives of reflection and obstruction of energy transfer, it effectively prevents noise from the outside from spreading into the seat.

[0020] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the power module adopts a dual redundancy setting, including a main power supply and a backup power supply; the main power supply is directly connected to the vehicle power system, and the backup power supply is a rechargeable lithium battery pack. When the main power supply fails, it automatically switches to the backup power supply to ensure the continuous operation of the noise reduction equipment; the power module is also equipped with a voltage monitoring unit to monitor the stability of the power supply voltage in real time and feed it back to the driver terminal display through the intelligent control module.

[0021] This technical solution employs a dual redundancy setup, with the main power supply directly connected to the vehicle's power system to meet daily power needs, and the backup power supply automatically switching to ensure continuous power supply in the event of a main power supply failure. Simultaneously, a voltage monitoring unit is set up to collect power supply voltage data in real time, which is then analyzed by the intelligent control module and fed back to the driver's terminal for display, forming a system from power supply guarantee to voltage monitoring feedback.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S6, the active noise cancellation system further includes an adaptive feedback suppression module, which dynamically adjusts the algorithm parameters of the audio processing unit by real-time monitoring the superposition effect of the reverse sound wave emitted by the speaker array and the original noise, so as to avoid the attenuation of the noise cancellation effect caused by sound wave phase delay or environmental reflection; at the same time, the system sets a safety threshold, and when the intensity of the reverse sound wave is detected to exceed the human comfort range, the output power is automatically reduced and an alarm is triggered.

[0023] This technical solution uses an adaptive feedback suppression module to monitor the superposition effect of the reverse sound wave from the speaker array and the original noise in real time, thereby obtaining actual information about the effect of the sound wave. Based on feedback control theory, the algorithm parameters of the audio processing unit are dynamically adjusted to avoid the attenuation of noise reduction effect due to sound wave phase delay or environmental reflection. At the same time, a safety threshold is set, and when the intensity of the reverse sound wave exceeds the limit, the output power is automatically reduced and an alarm is triggered to ensure passenger safety.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) Significant noise reduction effect: Multi-layer composite sound insulation material is used, which combines sound absorption and sound insulation properties to reduce noise from a physical level; the active noise reduction system utilizes the principle of sound wave interference to effectively process and suppress low-frequency and mid-frequency noise, creating a quiet environment for passengers.

[0025] (2) Enhanced comfort: The seat structure is adjustable to meet the ergonomic needs of different passengers; the intelligent adjustment mechanism automatically adjusts the noise reduction parameters according to noise changes to ensure that passengers are always in a comfortable and low-noise environment.

[0026] (3) The system is stable and reliable: the power supply module is dual redundant and automatically switches to the backup power supply when the main power supply fails, ensuring the continuous operation of the equipment; the adaptive feedback suppression module avoids the decay of noise reduction effect and ensures the stable operation of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the principle of the method of this invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the headrest structure.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a screenshot of the outline design backend interface.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Backrest; 2. Headrest; 21. Body; 22. Reference sensor; 23. Error sensor; 24. Speaker; 3. Seat cushion; 4. Base. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment provides an active noise-canceling seat and its contour design method specifically for rail transit, including the following steps: S1. Seat structure construction and arrangement: The seat frame is constructed with a steel structure, with the seat cushion 3 connected to the front and the backrest 1 connected to the backrest 1. The bottom is flat and fixed to the base 4. The angle of the backrest 1 is connected to the seat frame through a hinge. The thickness of the seat cushion 3 is equipped with an adjustable device, so that the backrest 1 and the seat cushion 3 have adjustable functions. S2. Installation and connection of noise reduction equipment: Several noise sensors are installed in the backrest 1, seat cushion 3 and headrest 2 areas of the seat frame and connected to the audio processing unit through wiring or wireless modules; Speaker array 24 is arranged inside the backrest 1, on both sides of the seat cushion 3 and near the headrest 2 and connected to the audio processing unit through data cables; Install the audio processing unit containing DSP module and filter and interconnect it with the intelligent control module. S3. Multi-layer composite sound insulation material configuration: Sound-absorbing and sound-insulating materials are selected according to different parts of the seat frame; different types of materials are combined and arranged for the backrest 1, sides and seat cushion 3 to ensure that noise is absorbed and isolated in multiple ways during transmission; S4. Electrical Connection and Power Supply: Connect the power module to the vehicle power supply via wiring harness to provide power to the noise reduction equipment; use wiring to connect the noise reduction equipment and the intelligent control module to the power module; S5. Intelligent adjustment mechanism operation: The intelligent control module acquires noise data through noise sensors; based on the ambient noise intensity, the intelligent adjustment module automatically adjusts the working status of the noise reduction equipment, and adjusts the frequency, intensity and working mode of the noise reduction equipment in real time; the driver can adjust the seat angle and noise reduction intensity through the touch screen, buttons or voice commands using the manual or voice adjustment interface. S6. Active noise reduction: The noise sensor monitors the ambient noise inside the vehicle in real time and transmits the signal to the audio processing unit; the audio processing unit generates an inverse sound wave based on the noise signal and emits interference sound waves through the speaker array 24 to reduce noise interference; based on the characteristics of low-frequency and mid-frequency noise sources in rail transit vehicles, the frequency response and noise cancellation algorithm of the active noise reduction system are optimized to effectively process and suppress noise.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this technical solution effectively suppresses low-frequency and mid-frequency noise inside the vehicle by constructing an adjustable seat structure, installing noise reduction equipment and optimizing noise reduction algorithms, configuring multi-layer composite sound insulation materials, and implementing an intelligent adjustment mechanism, thereby significantly improving passenger comfort. Specifically, ambient noise is captured by noise sensors, and an audio processing unit generates inverse sound waves, utilizing wave interference cancellation to reduce noise. The adjustable seat structure conforms to ergonomics, enhancing seating comfort. Multi-layer composite sound insulation materials utilize the differences in sound wave absorption and reflection by different materials to achieve multiple levels of noise reduction. The intelligent adjustment mechanism automatically adjusts noise reduction parameters according to noise changes to ensure noise reduction effectiveness. Electrical connections power the equipment and ensure signal transmission, enabling the entire system to work collaboratively and create a low-noise environment for passengers. The system utilizes a seating structure to provide a foundation for noise reduction equipment installation and human support; it also constructs a noise monitoring and reverse sound wave emission system through the installation and connection of noise reduction equipment; it enhances sound insulation and absorption effects from a physical perspective through the configuration of multi-layer composite sound insulation materials; it ensures system power and signal transmission through electrical connections and power supply; it achieves adaptive adjustment of noise reduction parameters through intelligent adjustment mechanisms; and it eliminates noise through active noise reduction by utilizing the principle of sound wave interference. All these steps work together to achieve the goal of active noise reduction.

[0035] In addition, the active noise reduction seat and contour design method for rail transit proposed above according to the present invention also have the following additional technical features: According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the seat frame is a steel structure with a rust-proof surface, and the interior of the seat frame is made of multi-layer composite sound insulation material, including a sound-absorbing layer and a sound-insulating layer.

[0036] This technical solution uses a steel structure with rust-proof surface treatment to build the seat frame, ensuring the strength, stability and durability of the seat; at the same time, multiple layers of composite sound insulation materials are used inside the seat frame. The sound-absorbing layer absorbs sound energy and the sound insulation layer blocks sound waves, working together to reduce noise and achieve the noise reduction function of the seat.

[0037] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the seat cushion 3 thickness adjustment device adopts a pneumatically adjustable airbag and a pneumatic control button; several independent airbags are set inside the seat cushion 3 and connected to an air source through a pneumatic control button installed on the side of the seat; the driver controls the inflation and deflation of the airbags by pressing the pneumatic control button, thereby realizing the adjustment of the seat cushion 3 thickness.

[0038] This technical solution constructs an adjustable basic structure by setting several independent airbags inside the seat cushion 3; it utilizes an air source to provide power, and connects to the airbags and air source via a pneumatic control button to form a complete control loop. The driver's operation of pressing the button becomes the trigger point for controlling the air to enter and exit the airbag, thereby realizing the inflation and deflation of the airbag, and ultimately achieving the purpose of adjusting the thickness of the seat cushion 3.

[0039] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the noise sensor is a high-sensitivity capacitive microphone; the noise sensor is divided into: Error sensors 23 are located in front of headrest 2, arranged in a matrix, and facing the ears; Reference sensor 22 is located above headrest 2, below backrest 1, and below seat cushion 3, distributed around the seat frame.

[0040] This technical solution employs a high-sensitivity capacitive microphone as a noise sensor to ensure high-precision capture of noise signals; the error sensor 23 is positioned in front of the headrest 2 facing the ear and distributed in a matrix to accurately acquire noise around the ear; the reference sensor 22 is distributed around the seat frame to acquire overall environmental noise information; the two work together, with the data from the error sensor 23 referencing the data from the reference sensor 22, thereby accurately analyzing the noise situation.

[0041] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the loudspeakers 24 in the loudspeaker array 24 are low-distortion, high-power broadband loudspeakers that cover the frequency range of low-frequency and mid-frequency noise in rail transit vehicles, accurately emitting interference sound waves that are opposite to the noise signal, thereby achieving a highly efficient noise cancellation effect.

[0042] This technical solution ensures the accuracy of the reverse sound wave signal by employing low distortion characteristics and avoiding the introduction of additional noise; it utilizes high power characteristics to ensure sufficient energy to generate strong reverse sound waves; and it leverages wideband characteristics to cover the low-frequency and mid-frequency noise bands in rail transit. Combining these characteristics, the loudspeaker array 24 can accurately emit interference sound waves that are the opposite of the noise signal.

[0043] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the intelligent adjustment module is provided with a data storage unit. The data storage unit records environmental noise data and corresponding noise reduction equipment operating parameters under different time periods and different operating conditions. After analysis, the intelligent adjustment module learns and optimizes the noise reduction strategy, predicts the best noise reduction parameters under different environments based on historical data, and adjusts the working state of the noise reduction equipment in advance.

[0044] This technical solution sets up a data storage unit in the intelligent adjustment module to record environmental noise data and corresponding noise reduction equipment parameters under different time periods and operating conditions, providing rich material for subsequent analysis. Then, the intelligent adjustment module analyzes these data, uses machine learning algorithms to discover patterns between the data, and then learns and optimizes the noise reduction strategy. Finally, based on historical data, it predicts the optimal noise reduction parameters under different environments and adjusts the working state of the noise reduction equipment in advance, forming a system from data recording to strategy optimization.

[0045] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the sound-absorbing material is polyester fiber sound-absorbing cotton or foam, which is customized according to the shape and size of each part of the seat and fits tightly with the seat structure.

[0046] This technical solution utilizes materials with excellent sound absorption properties, such as polyester fiber sound-absorbing cotton or foam, and leverages their unique internal pore structure to convert sound energy into heat energy to absorb sound. Simultaneously, it is customized according to the shape and size of each part of the seat to ensure a tight fit between the sound-absorbing material and the seat structure, preventing sound waves from escaping through gaps, thereby comprehensively and efficiently improving the overall sound absorption capacity of the seat.

[0047] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the sound insulation material is high-density polyethylene plastic or aluminum foil, which effectively prevents noise from spreading from the outside to the inside of the seat.

[0048] This technical solution uses high-density polyethylene plastic or aluminum foil as sound insulation materials. It utilizes the dense molecular structure of high-density polyethylene plastic to impede the propagation of sound waves, and the smooth surface of aluminum foil to reflect most sound waves and the tightly bonded internal atoms to limit the propagation of sound waves. From the two perspectives of reflection and obstruction of energy transfer, it effectively prevents noise from the outside from spreading into the seat.

[0049] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the power module adopts a dual redundancy setting, including a main power supply and a backup power supply; the main power supply is directly connected to the vehicle power system, and the backup power supply is a rechargeable lithium battery pack. When the main power supply fails, it automatically switches to the backup power supply to ensure the continuous operation of the noise reduction equipment; the power module is also equipped with a voltage monitoring unit to monitor the stability of the power supply voltage in real time and feed it back to the driver terminal display through the intelligent control module.

[0050] This technical solution employs a dual redundancy setup, with the main power supply directly connected to the vehicle's power system to meet daily power needs, and the backup power supply automatically switching to ensure continuous power supply in the event of a main power supply failure. Simultaneously, a voltage monitoring unit is set up to collect power supply voltage data in real time, which is then analyzed by the intelligent control module and fed back to the driver's terminal for display, forming a system from power supply guarantee to voltage monitoring feedback.

[0051] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S6, the active noise cancellation system further includes an adaptive feedback suppression module, which dynamically adjusts the algorithm parameters of the audio processing unit by real-time monitoring of the superposition effect of the reverse sound wave emitted by the speaker array 24 and the original noise, so as to avoid the attenuation of the noise cancellation effect caused by sound wave phase delay or environmental reflection; at the same time, the system sets a safety threshold, and when the intensity of the reverse sound wave is detected to exceed the human comfort range, the output power is automatically reduced and an alarm is triggered.

[0052] This technical solution uses an adaptive feedback suppression module to monitor the superposition effect of the reverse sound waves from the 24-speaker array with the original noise in real time, thereby obtaining actual information about the effect of the sound waves. Based on feedback control theory, the algorithm parameters of the audio processing unit are dynamically adjusted to avoid the attenuation of noise reduction effect caused by sound wave phase delay or environmental reflection. At the same time, a safety threshold is set, and when the intensity of the reverse sound waves exceeds the limit, the output power is automatically reduced and an alarm is triggered to ensure passenger safety.

[0053] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications or substitutions can be made to the embodiments of the invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and essence of the invention, and such modifications or substitutions should all be within the scope of the invention. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the invention should also be covered within the protection scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An active noise-canceling seat and its contour design method specifically for rail transit, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Seat structure construction and arrangement: The seat frame is constructed with a steel structure, with the seat cushion (3) connected to the front and the backrest (1) connected to the backrest. The bottom is flat and fixed to the base (4). The backrest (1) is connected to the seat frame by a hinge. The thickness of the seat cushion (3) is set with an adjustable device so that the backrest (1) and the seat cushion (3) have adjustable functions. S2. Installation and connection of noise reduction equipment: Several noise sensors are installed in the backrest (1), seat cushion (3) and headrest (2) areas of the seat frame and connected to the audio processing unit through wiring or wireless modules; the speaker (24) array is arranged inside the backrest (1), on both sides of the seat cushion (3) and near the headrest (2) and connected to the audio processing unit through data cables; the audio processing unit containing DSP modules and filters is installed and interconnected with the intelligent control module. S3. Multi-layer composite sound insulation material configuration: Select sound-absorbing and sound-insulating materials according to different parts of the seat frame; arrange different types of materials in combination for the backrest (1), sides and seat cushion (3) to ensure that noise is absorbed and isolated in multiple ways during transmission; S4. Electrical Connection and Power Supply: Connect the power module to the vehicle power supply via wiring harness to provide power to the noise reduction equipment; Use wiring to connect the noise reduction device and the intelligent control module to the power module; S5. Intelligent adjustment mechanism operation: The intelligent control module acquires noise data through noise sensors; Based on the ambient noise intensity, the intelligent adjustment module automatically adjusts the working status of the noise reduction equipment, adjusting the frequency, intensity, and working mode of the noise reduction equipment in real time; the driver can adjust the seat angle and noise reduction intensity through the touch screen, buttons, or voice commands using the manual or voice adjustment interface. S6. Active noise reduction: The noise sensor monitors the ambient noise inside the vehicle in real time and transmits the signal to the audio processing unit. The audio processing unit generates an inverse sound wave based on the noise signal and emits interference sound waves through the loudspeaker (24) array to reduce noise interference. Based on the characteristics of low-frequency and mid-frequency noise sources in rail transit vehicles, the frequency response and noise cancellation algorithm of the active noise reduction system are optimized to effectively process and suppress noise.

2. The active noise-reducing seat and contour design method for rail transit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the seat frame is made of steel with a rust-proof surface, and the interior of the seat frame is made of multi-layer composite sound insulation material, including a sound-absorbing layer and a sound-insulating layer.

3. The active noise-reducing seat and contour design method for rail transit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the seat cushion (3) thickness adjustment device uses a pneumatically adjustable airbag and a pneumatic control button; several independent airbags are set inside the seat cushion (3) and connected to the air source through the pneumatic control button installed on the side of the seat; the driver controls the inflation and deflation of the airbags by pressing the pneumatic control button, thereby realizing the adjustment of the seat cushion (3) thickness.

4. The active noise-reducing seat and contour design method for rail transit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the noise sensor is a high-sensitivity capacitive microphone; the noise sensor is divided into: Error sensors (23) are located in front of the headrest (2), arranged in a matrix, and facing the ears; Reference sensors (22) are located above the headrest (2), below the backrest (1), and below the seat cushion (3), distributed around the seat frame.

5. The active noise-reducing seat and contour design method for rail transit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the loudspeakers (24) in the loudspeaker (24) array are low-distortion, high-power broadband loudspeakers that cover the frequency range of low-frequency and mid-frequency noise in rail transit vehicles, accurately emitting interference sound waves that are opposite to the noise signal, thereby achieving efficient noise cancellation.

6. The active noise-canceling seat and contour design method for rail transit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the intelligent adjustment module is equipped with a data storage unit. The data storage unit records environmental noise data and corresponding noise reduction equipment operating parameters under different time periods and operating conditions. After analysis, the intelligent adjustment module learns and optimizes the noise reduction strategy, predicts the best noise reduction parameters under different environments based on historical data, and adjusts the working state of the noise reduction equipment in advance.

7. The active noise-reducing seat and contour design method for rail transit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the sound-absorbing material is polyester fiber sound-absorbing cotton or foam, which is customized according to the shape and size of each part of the seat and fits closely to the seat structure.

8. The active noise-canceling seat and contour design method for rail transit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the sound insulation material is high-density polyethylene plastic or aluminum foil, which effectively prevents noise from spreading from the outside to the inside of the seat.

9. The active noise-reducing seat and contour design method for rail transit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the power module adopts a dual redundancy setting, including a main power supply and a backup power supply. The main power supply is directly connected to the vehicle power system, and the backup power supply is a rechargeable lithium battery pack. When the main power supply fails, it automatically switches to the backup power supply to ensure the continuous operation of the noise reduction equipment. The power module is also equipped with a voltage monitoring unit to monitor the stability of the power supply voltage in real time and feed it back to the driver terminal display through the intelligent control module.

10. The active noise-canceling seat and contour design method for rail transit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, the active noise reduction system also includes an adaptive feedback suppression module, which dynamically adjusts the algorithm parameters of the audio processing unit by monitoring the superposition effect of the reverse sound wave emitted by the speaker (24) array and the original noise in real time, so as to avoid the noise reduction effect being reduced due to sound wave phase delay or environmental reflection; at the same time, the system sets a safety threshold, and when the intensity of the reverse sound wave exceeds the human comfort range, it automatically reduces the output power and triggers an alarm.

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