Energy dissipation system for water conservancy and hydropower engineering

Abstract

The invention provides an energy dissipation system for water conservancy and hydropower engineering, which is suitable for the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and comprises a main drainage channel arranged at the bottom of a dam, and the main drainage channel is used for receiving drainage water; a plurality of secondary drainage channels are arranged around the main drainage channel; a plurality of intersection points are arranged among the plurality of secondary drainage channels, and the orientation angles of the secondary drainage channels at the plurality of intersection points are distributed in a gradually opposite state in the direction far away from the main drainage channel; the collision energy dissipation strength is sequentially increased, sequential upgrading type multi-time collision energy dissipation is achieved, and accurate and efficient energy dissipation is conducted on the basis that it is guaranteed that the discharge efficiency is not delayed; due to the fact that the main drainage channel is arranged at the bottom of the dam, a water body must pass through the multiple secondary drainage channels, the multiple intersections on the multiple secondary drainage channels are sequentially upgraded for multiple times of collision energy dissipation, the amount of upstream incoming water does not need to be considered, adaptive energy dissipation does not need to be conducted to a main body to adjust the meeting posture, and influences of some unnecessary operations are eliminated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and more particularly to an energy dissipation system for water conservancy and hydropower engineering. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects, the water discharged from spillway structures (such as spillways and flood discharge tunnels) usually carries enormous energy, with both high velocity and flow rate. If this energy is not effectively dissipated, it will cause severe erosion of the downstream riverbed, banks, and foundations of structures, and may even lead to safety accidents caused by overall instability.

[0003] Currently, traditional energy dissipation methods mainly include bottom flow energy dissipation, jet flow energy dissipation, surface flow energy dissipation, and shovel flow energy dissipation. Bottom flow energy dissipation relies on the intense swirling and friction generated by the hydraulic jump within the stilling basin to dissipate energy; jet flow energy dissipation utilizes a sill to propel water into the air, achieving energy dissipation through diffusion aeration and the impact of the water falling into the downstream water cushion. These technologies, through long-term engineering practice, have formed a relatively mature set of design theories and methods, providing reliable guarantees for the successful construction of numerous projects.

[0004] However, traditional energy dissipation methods still have certain limitations. Their design is usually based on fixed hydrological conditions, and the structural dimensions are difficult to adjust once completed. In actual operation, when upstream flow and water level change significantly, fixed energy dissipators cannot maintain efficient energy dissipation under all conditions. Insufficient energy dissipation may occur at low water levels or low flow rates, while severe atomization and vibration problems may occur when operating at high water levels exceeding design standards. To address these adaptability and energy recovery issues, existing technologies have explored numerous improvements. For example, Chinese patent application number 202310804470.2, entitled "An Energy Dissipation Structure for Hydraulic and Hydropower Engineering," proposes an energy dissipation structure that can adapt to water level changes by raising and lowering the turbine and adjusting the blade extension radius in conjunction with the turbine. However, its overall structure is relatively large, requiring active energy consumption to adjust and adapt to water level changes. It also relies on a sensing system to actively adapt to water level changes, and it cannot adapt to water level changes when the sensing system malfunctions. Therefore, an energy dissipation system for hydraulic and hydropower engineering is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved The purpose of this invention is to provide an energy dissipation system for water conservancy and hydropower projects, aiming to solve the problems in the background art.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution Specifically: An energy dissipation system for water conservancy and hydropower projects includes a main spillway channel located at the bottom of a dam, which receives the discharged water. Multiple secondary spillway channels are arranged around the main spillway channel to disperse and dissipate the discharged water while ensuring a stable flow rate and not delaying the discharge efficiency of the main spillway channel. These secondary spillway channels have multiple confluence points, and their orientation angles gradually increase towards each other in a direction away from the main spillway channel, allowing for sequential, escalating, and multi-stage energy dissipation through collision. After receiving the discharged water, the main spillway channel utilizes the multiple secondary spillway channels around it to ensure a stable flow rate and not delay the discharge of the main spillway channel. Based on efficiency, the water body is dispersed and diverted for energy dissipation. After the water body enters the multiple discharge channels, the multiple discharge channels will successively utilize the secondary discharge channels at multiple confluence points that are distributed in a state of gradually moving away from the main discharge channel to achieve multiple collision energy dissipation. This achieves a progressively increasing collision energy dissipation effect and a progressively upgraded multiple collision energy dissipation, ensuring precise and efficient energy dissipation without delaying the discharge efficiency. Since the main discharge channel is located at the bottom of the dam, and the water body must pass through multiple discharge channels, the multiple confluence points on the multiple discharge channels will progressively upgrade the multiple collision energy dissipation effect. There is no need to consider the amount of water coming from upstream or the adaptive energy consumption to adjust the main body to meet the water body, thus eliminating the impact of some unnecessary operations.

[0007] The technical solution of this application will be further described below: In one embodiment, the plurality of confluence points include primary confluence points and secondary confluence points, and the secondary discharge channels at the primary and secondary confluence points are distributed in a state where the directional angles gradually move away from the main discharge channel; the ends of the multiple secondary discharge channels converge and connect to the discharge channel.

[0008] In one embodiment, the secondary discharge channel is equipped with multiple sets of energy dissipation pipe groups inside, which are used to dissipate energy from the flowing discharge water. The energy dissipation pipe groups include multiple unit energy dissipation pipe groups, which are connected in sequence.

[0009] Furthermore, the unit energy dissipation pipe assembly includes a connecting pipe and an energy dissipation pipe, which are arranged in a straight line. The connecting pipe is integrally installed on the energy dissipation pipe, and the energy dissipation pipe is used to dissipate energy from the flowing water.

[0010] The energy dissipation pipe includes a positioning shell, an outer friction energy dissipation component, an inner friction energy dissipation component, and an impeller drive component. The impeller drive component is assembled inside the inner friction energy dissipation component and is located on the columnar centerline of the inner friction energy dissipation component. The outer friction energy dissipation component is fitted over the inner friction energy dissipation component and can rotate along the outer wall of the inner friction energy dissipation component. The positioning shell is fitted over both the outer and inner friction energy dissipation components and is fixedly connected to the outer friction energy dissipation component. The connecting pipe is fixed at one end of the positioning shell and communicates with the inner friction energy dissipation component, and is distributed in a straight line. After the discharged water enters the inner friction energy dissipation component through the connecting pipe, the water acts on the impeller drive component, converting the potential energy of the water into the kinetic energy of the impeller drive component's rotation. This causes the impeller drive component to drive the inner and outer friction energy dissipation components to rotate relative to each other, and the kinetic energy of the rotation is consumed in friction.

[0011] The internal friction energy dissipation component includes a positioning cylinder, with a bearing ring sleeved on each of the two ends of the positioning cylinder. The positioning cylinder is rotatably assembled inside the positioning shell through the bearing rings. The external friction energy dissipation component is sleeved between the two bearing rings outside the positioning cylinder. The impeller drive component is assembled inside the positioning cylinder and is located on the columnar centerline of the positioning cylinder.

[0012] The positioning cylinder has multiple inlets and multiple outlets, which are arranged in a circular array on the positioning cylinder. The inlets are used to introduce the discharged water between the external friction energy dissipation component and the internal friction energy dissipation component to absorb the heat generated by the friction between the external friction energy dissipation component and the internal friction energy dissipation component; the outlets are used to discharge the water after heat exchange.

[0013] The external friction energy dissipation component includes multiple friction blocks, which are arranged in a ring array around the positioning cylinder. The friction blocks are arc-shaped, with one side abutting against the positioning cylinder and the other side fixed to the telescopic mechanism. The telescopic mechanism includes an elastic telescopic rod and a pneumatic telescopic rod. The telescopic mechanism is used to ensure that the friction blocks are in contact with the positioning cylinder and generate heat through friction after the friction blocks and the positioning cylinder rotate.

[0014] The friction coefficients of the friction blocks and positioning cylinders on the multiple unit energy dissipation pipe assemblies gradually increase in the direction away from the main discharge channel, in order to ensure that the discharge rate is not slowed down.

[0015] The impeller drive includes a turntable with multiple blades arranged around it in a circular array. A support column is fixed on the turntable, and the support column is arranged in a straight line with the turntable. The turntable is located at the column centerline of the positioning cylinder. Multiple support plates are fixed at the end of the support column away from the turntable, and the end of the support plate away from the support column is fixed inside the positioning cylinder.

[0016] The discharged water enters the positioning cylinder of the internal friction energy dissipation component through the connecting pipe. The water acts on multiple blades of the impeller drive component. These blades, through a turntable, support column, and support plate, drive the positioning cylinder to rotate relative to multiple friction blocks. The friction between the friction blocks and the positioning cylinder generates heat, converting the water's potential energy into the kinetic energy of the impeller drive component and the positioning cylinder's rotation. This kinetic energy is then dissipated through friction, achieving discharge energy dissipation. During this process, multiple inlets introduce the discharged water between the external and internal friction energy dissipation components to absorb the heat generated by friction between them. A telescopic mechanism ensures the friction blocks adhere to the positioning cylinder, creating a stable friction environment for stable and continuous discharge energy dissipation. Furthermore, because the friction coefficient between the friction blocks and the positioning cylinder on multiple unit energy dissipation pipe groups gradually increases in the direction away from the main discharge channel, stable and continuous discharge energy dissipation is achieved without slowing down the discharge rate.

[0017] In one embodiment, the multiple secondary drainage channels are equipped with angle adjustment pipes at multiple intersection points. Each angle adjustment pipe includes an adjustment pipe body, with a support ball sleeved on the outside of the adjustment pipe body. The adjustment pipe body is hinged to the interior of the secondary drainage channel via the support ball. Multiple telescopic adjustment components are provided around the ends of the adjustment pipe body. Each telescopic adjustment component includes a hydraulic telescopic rod and two hinged balls fixed at both ends of the hydraulic telescopic rod. The hydraulic telescopic rod balls are hinged between the secondary drainage channel and the adjustment pipe body.

[0018] This application utilizes a multi-stage process—from active guidance through the main discharge channel to graded energy dissipation through multiple secondary discharge channels, and finally to the conversion of frictional energy by friction blocks and positioning cylinders—to achieve precise and efficient consumption of high-energy water flow while ensuring that discharge efficiency is not delayed. During system operation, high-speed water flow first enters the main discharge channel; subsequently, the water flow is intelligently diverted to the surrounding multiple secondary discharge channels. This design initially reduces the impact intensity by dispersing the water flow, but the true core of energy dissipation lies in: Multiple secondary spillway channels are set around the main spillway channel. Inside the secondary spillway channels are multiple confluence points that are gradually distributed towards each other in the direction away from the main channel. When the water flows through these confluence points, it will collide multiple times in an increasing manner. Each collision is more violent than the previous one, as if the water flow is "self-consuming", thus consuming a huge amount of kinetic energy inside the channel. After the collision, the water flow is introduced into a mechanical energy dissipation unit through a connecting pipe; the water flow impacts the blades of the impeller drive component, converting its residual potential energy into the rotational kinetic energy of the impeller; the impeller drive component then drives the positioning cylinder on the internal friction energy dissipation component to rotate strongly relative to the friction block on the fixed external friction energy dissipation component; the energy of the water flow is finally completely dissipated through frictional heat generation; the system is also designed with a cooling mechanism, which introduces some of the drain water between the friction pairs to absorb heat, and maintains a constant clamping force through a telescopic mechanism to ensure the stability of the energy dissipation effect; To ensure optimal energy dissipation during collisions, the system incorporates telescopic adjustment components. These components can dynamically adjust the orientation of the adjustment pipe, thereby changing the angle and force of the colliding water flow and enabling precise control of the energy dissipation effect under different flow conditions. The entire system is located at the bottom of the dam, forcing all discharged water to pass through this multi-stage energy dissipation process. Therefore, its efficiency is not affected by fluctuations in upstream water flow, and it has extremely strong adaptability and reliability.

[0019] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the energy dissipation system of the present invention for water conservancy and hydropower projects has the following characteristics: 1. After the main spillway receives the water, it will utilize multiple secondary spillway channels around the main spillway to disperse and dissipate the energy-dissipating water while ensuring a stable flow and not delaying the main spillway's discharge efficiency. Once the water enters the multiple secondary spillway channels, these channels will sequentially utilize the secondary spillway channels at multiple confluence points, distributed in a gradually moving direction away from the main spillway, to achieve multiple collisions and energy dissipation. This progressively increases the impact dissipation intensity, resulting in a multi-stage, upgraded energy dissipation process that ensures precise and efficient energy dissipation without delaying the discharge efficiency. Because the main spillway is located at the bottom of the dam, and the water must pass through multiple secondary spillway channels, the multi-stage, upgraded collisions and energy dissipation at the multiple confluence points eliminate the need to consider the upstream water volume or adaptive energy consumption to adjust the dam's attitude, thus avoiding unnecessary operational impacts. 2. The discharged water enters the positioning cylinder of the internal friction energy dissipation component through the connecting pipe. The water acts on multiple blades of the impeller drive component. The multiple blades drive the positioning cylinder to rotate relative to multiple friction blocks through the turntable, support column and support plate. Heat is generated by the friction between the friction blocks and the positioning cylinder, and the water converts its potential energy into the kinetic energy of the impeller drive component and the positioning cylinder. The kinetic energy of the rotation is consumed in the friction, thus realizing the discharge energy dissipation. During this process, multiple inlets introduce the discharged water into the space between the external and internal friction energy dissipation components to absorb the heat generated by friction between them. A telescopic mechanism ensures the friction blocks adhere to the positioning cylinder, creating a stable frictional environment for stable and continuous energy dissipation. Simultaneously, because the friction coefficients of the friction blocks and positioning cylinders on multiple energy dissipation pipe groups gradually increase in the direction away from the main discharge channel, stable and continuous energy dissipation is achieved without slowing down the discharge rate. 3. In response to the collision and energy dissipation process of the discharged water body at multiple confluence points, the orientation of the regulating pipe body can be adjusted by using one or more local telescopic adjustment components to achieve timely adjustment of the collision and energy dissipation effect of the discharged water body, ensuring precise and efficient energy dissipation without delaying the discharge efficiency. 4. Traditional stilling basins have a fixed energy dissipation intensity. However, in this application, the upgraded collision and friction energy dissipation unit of the secondary discharge channel features a gradually increasing friction coefficient, forming a positive feedback mechanism. The higher the energy of the water flow, the more intense the collision and the stronger the frictional resistance will be in subsequent stages, automatically matching and consuming more energy. This means that the system can intelligently adjust its energy dissipation intensity according to the incoming flow energy without external intervention, which is difficult to achieve with a fixed structure. 5. Conventional energy dissipation mainly converts the kinetic energy of water flow into thermal energy through turbulence; however, this application designs an ingenious energy conversion path: water kinetic energy - collision internal energy (thermal energy / acoustic energy) - mechanical rotational kinetic energy - frictional thermal energy; this multi-form, multi-stage energy step-like conversion path greatly improves the efficiency and thoroughness of energy dissipation, avoids the energy residue problem that may exist in a single energy dissipation method, and thus brings a comprehensive energy dissipation efficiency that far exceeds the design expectations. 6. Integrating frictional heat generation with water cooling is an ingenious design; usually, the biggest problem in frictional energy dissipation is overheating leading to component damage; this application perfectly combines the friction pair that needs cooling with the natural coolant of the outflowing water itself; by introducing water flow to absorb frictional heat, it not only solves the problem of thermal fatigue of mechanical components, but also improves the overall energy dissipation effect of the water body; achieving a stable working state of self-sustaining and self-cooling with one stone; 7. In traditional understanding, high-intensity energy dissipation often comes at the cost of sacrificing flow velocity; however, the multi-channel diversion design and streamlined mechanical structure of this application ensure unobstructed water flow; its energy dissipation effect mainly comes from the internal collision and mechanical friction of the water flow, rather than from creating huge head loss by suddenly expanding the cross-section; thus, it unexpectedly breaks the convention that energy dissipation must be delayed, and achieves the seemingly contradictory goal of achieving extremely high energy dissipation effect while maintaining high flow efficiency without delay. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the energy dissipation system of the present invention used in water conservancy and hydropower projects; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the energy dissipation tube assembly in this invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the energy dissipation pipe assembly in the middle unit; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Exploded view of the energy dissipation pipe assembly in the middle unit; Figure 5 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the central energy dissipation pipe; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Cross-sectional view of the central energy dissipation pipe; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the external friction energy dissipation component, the internal friction energy dissipation component, and the impeller drive component; Figure 8 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the friction energy dissipation components in China and abroad; Figure 9 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the internal friction energy dissipation component and the impeller drive component; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the internal friction energy dissipation component and the impeller drive component in another embodiment; Figure 11 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the impeller drive component; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the angle adjustment tube in this invention; Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating the distribution of the diverging channels at multiple intersection points in this invention, with the orientation angles gradually moving towards each other from A to D (Note: A represents the smallest facing angle between the two diverging channels at the intersection point, and D represents the smallest facing angle between the two diverging channels at the intersection point).

[0022] In the attached diagram: Main discharge channel 100, secondary discharge channel 200, primary junction 300, secondary junction 400, discharge channel 500, energy dissipation pipe assembly 600, unit energy dissipation pipe assembly 700, angle adjustment pipe 800; connecting pipe 710, energy dissipation pipe 720, positioning shell 730, external friction energy dissipation component 740, friction block 741, telescopic mechanism 742, internal friction energy dissipation component 750, bearing ring 751, positioning cylinder 752, inlet 753, outlet 754, impeller drive component 760, support column 761, support plate 762, blade 763, turntable 764; adjustment pipe body 810, support ball 820, telescopic adjustment component 830, hinge ball 831, hydraulic telescopic rod 832. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The specific implementation of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 1 An energy dissipation system for water conservancy and hydropower projects includes a main spillway 100 located at the bottom of a dam, the main spillway 100 being used to receive the discharged water; and multiple secondary spillway channels 200 arranged around the main spillway 100, the multiple secondary spillway channels 200 being used to disperse and divert the energy-dissipating discharged water while ensuring a stable flow rate and not delaying the discharge efficiency of the main spillway 100. Regarding the existing Chinese patent application number 202310804470.2 entitled "An Energy Dissipation Structure for a Water Conservancy and Hydropower Project", it obstructs and dissipates the energy of the outflowing water at the outlet, which slows down the outflow speed. Therefore, this application uses multiple discharge channels 200 set around the main discharge channel 100 to disperse and dissipate the energy-dissipating water while ensuring a stable flow rate and not delaying the discharge efficiency of the main discharge channel 100. There are multiple intersection points between the multiple secondary discharge channels 200. The orientation angles of the secondary discharge channels 200 at these intersection points are gradually increasing towards each other in the direction away from the main discharge channel 100 (see details). Figure 13 The diagram illustrates the distribution of the diverging channels at multiple confluence points, with the orientation angles gradually increasing from A to D (for example, A represents the smallest facing angle between the two diverging channels at the confluence point, and D represents the smallest facing angle between the two diverging channels at the confluence point). This is used for sequential, upgraded, multiple-collision energy dissipation. Therefore, after the main discharge channel 100 receives the discharged water, it utilizes multiple secondary discharge channels 200 located around the main discharge channel 100 to disperse and dissipate the energy-dissipating water while ensuring a stable flow rate and not delaying the discharge efficiency of the main discharge channel 100. Once the water enters the multiple secondary discharge channels 200, these channels sequentially utilize multiple confluence points located at points gradually moving away from the main discharge channel 100 towards each other to achieve multiple collisions and energy dissipation. This progressively increases the impact dissipation intensity, resulting in a multi-stage, upgraded collision energy dissipation process that ensures precise and efficient energy dissipation without delaying the discharge efficiency. Because the main discharge channel 100 is located at the bottom of the dam, and the water must pass through the multiple secondary discharge channels 200, the sequential, upgraded collisions at the multiple confluence points eliminate the need to consider the upstream water volume or adaptive energy consumption to adjust the main body's attitude and mitigate unnecessary operational impacts.

[0025] In another embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 1 The multiple confluence points include a primary confluence point 300 and a secondary confluence point 400. The secondary discharge channels 200 at the primary confluence point 300 and the secondary confluence point 400 are distributed in a gradually moving direction away from the main discharge channel 100. The ends of the multiple secondary discharge channels 200 are connected to the discharge channel 500.

[0026] The number of secondary discharge channels 200 is not limited to two; it can also be three, four, five, six, etc. There is no limit to the specific number, as long as the secondary discharge channels 200 at multiple intersection points are distributed in a state where the orientation angles gradually move away from the main discharge channel 100 and towards each other.

[0027] In another embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figures 1-3 The secondary discharge channel 200 is equipped with multiple sets of energy dissipation pipe groups 600 inside, which are used to dissipate energy from the flowing discharge water. The energy dissipation pipe group 600 includes multiple unit energy dissipation pipe groups 700, which are connected in sequence.

[0028] Regarding the distribution of multiple sets of energy dissipation pipe groups 600 within the secondary discharge channel 200, it should be noted that: the multiple sets of energy dissipation pipe groups 600 can be directly connected end to end in sequence, or they can be connected end to end in sequence by bending them with hinges, or they can be distributed at intervals within the secondary discharge channel 200, etc. The specific distribution is not limited, as long as it satisfies the requirement that multiple sets of energy dissipation pipe groups 600 are distributed within the secondary discharge channel 200 for the purpose of discharge and energy dissipation.

[0029] In another embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 3The unit energy dissipation pipe assembly 700 includes a connecting pipe 710 and an energy dissipation pipe 720. The connecting pipe 710 and the energy dissipation pipe 720 are arranged in a straight line. The connecting pipe 710 is integrally installed on the energy dissipation pipe 720. The energy dissipation pipe 720 is used to dissipate energy from the flowing water.

[0030] For further details, please refer to Figures 4-9 The energy dissipation tube 720 includes a positioning shell 730, an external friction energy dissipation component 740, an internal friction energy dissipation component 750, and an impeller drive component 760. The impeller drive component 760 is assembled inside the internal friction energy dissipation component 750 and is located on the columnar centerline of the internal friction energy dissipation component 750; the external friction energy dissipation component 740 is sleeved on the outside of the internal friction energy dissipation component 750 and can rotate along the outer wall of the internal friction energy dissipation component 750; the positioning shell 730 is sleeved on the outside of the external friction energy dissipation component 740 and the internal friction energy dissipation component 750, and the positioning shell 730 and the external friction energy dissipation component 740 are fixedly connected. The connecting pipe 710 is fixed to one end of the positioning shell 730 and is connected to the internal friction energy dissipation component 750, and is distributed in a straight line. After the discharged water enters the interior of the internal friction energy dissipation component 750 through the connecting pipe 710, the water acts on the impeller drive component 760, converting the potential energy of the water into the kinetic energy of the impeller drive component 760, thus causing the impeller drive component 760 to drive the internal friction energy dissipation component 750 and the external friction energy dissipation component 740 to rotate relative to each other, and dissipating the kinetic energy of the rotation in friction.

[0031] Therefore, after the water body specifically enters the multi-channel discharge channel 200, the discharged water body enters the interior of the internal friction energy dissipation component 750 through the connecting pipe 710. The water body acts on the impeller drive component 760, and the water body converts its potential energy into the kinetic energy of the impeller drive component 760's rotation. This causes the impeller drive component 760 to drive the internal friction energy dissipation component 750 and the external friction energy dissipation component 740 to rotate relative to each other, and the kinetic energy of the rotation is consumed in the friction, thus realizing the discharge energy dissipation.

[0032] In another embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 , Figure 9 The internal friction energy dissipation component 750 includes a positioning cylinder 752, and a bearing ring 751 is respectively sleeved on the outside of both ends of the positioning cylinder 752. The positioning cylinder 752 is rotatably assembled inside the positioning shell 730 through the bearing ring 751. The external friction energy dissipation component 740 is sleeved between two bearing rings 751 outside the positioning cylinder 752; the impeller drive component 760 is assembled inside the positioning cylinder 752 and is located on the column center line of the positioning cylinder 752.

[0033] Please see Figure 10The positioning cylinder 752 has multiple inlets 753 and multiple outlets 754, which are arranged in a ring array on the positioning cylinder 752. The inlets 753 are used to introduce the discharged water into the space between the external friction energy dissipation component 740 and the internal friction energy dissipation component 750 to absorb the heat generated by the friction between the external friction energy dissipation component 740 and the internal friction energy dissipation component 750. The outlets 754 are used to discharge the water after heat exchange.

[0034] Please see Figures 6-8 The external friction energy dissipation component 740 includes a plurality of friction blocks 741, which are arranged in a ring array around the positioning cylinder 752. The friction block 741 is arc-shaped, with one side abutting against the positioning cylinder 752 and the other side fixed to the telescopic mechanism 742. The telescopic mechanism 742 includes an elastic telescopic rod and a pneumatic telescopic rod. The telescopic mechanism 742 is used to ensure that the friction block 741 is in contact with the positioning cylinder 752, and to generate heat through friction after the friction block 741 and the positioning cylinder 752 rotate.

[0035] Please see Figures 6-8 The friction coefficients of the friction blocks 741 and positioning cylinders 752 on the multiple unit energy dissipation pipe groups 700 gradually increase in the direction away from the main discharge channel 100, in order to ensure that the discharge rate is not delayed.

[0036] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 11 The impeller drive component 760 includes a turntable 764, and multiple blades 763 are arranged around the turntable 764 in a ring array. A support column 761 is fixed on the turntable 764, and the support column 761 is arranged in a straight line with the turntable 764. The turntable 764 is located at the column centerline of the positioning cylinder 752; multiple support plates 762 are fixed to the end of the support column 761 away from the turntable 764, and the end of the support plate 762 away from the support column 761 is fixed inside the positioning cylinder 752.

[0037] Therefore, the discharged water enters the positioning cylinder 752 of the internal friction energy dissipation component 750 through the connecting pipe 710. The water acts on the multiple blades 763 of the impeller drive component 760. The multiple blades 763 drive the positioning cylinder 752 to rotate relative to the multiple friction blocks 741 through the turntable 764, support column 761 and support plate 762. The friction between the friction blocks 741 and the positioning cylinder 752 generates heat, and the water converts its potential energy into the kinetic energy of the impeller drive component 760 and the positioning cylinder 752. The kinetic energy of the rotation is consumed in the friction, realizing the discharge energy dissipation. During this process, the multiple inlets 753 will... The discharged water is introduced between the external friction energy dissipation component 740 and the internal friction energy dissipation component 750 to absorb the heat generated by the friction between them; and the telescopic mechanism 742 ensures that the friction block 741 is attached to the positioning cylinder 752, creating a stable friction environment to achieve stable and continuous energy dissipation for the discharge; at the same time, since the friction coefficient of the friction block 741 and the positioning cylinder 752 on the multiple unit energy dissipation pipe groups 700 gradually increases in the direction away from the main discharge channel 100, it can achieve stable and continuous energy dissipation for the discharge without delaying the discharge rate.

[0038] In another embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 12 The secondary discharge channel 200 described above is equipped with an angle adjustment pipe 800 at multiple intersection points. The angle adjustment pipe 800 includes an adjustment pipe body 810, and a support ball 820 is sleeved on the outside of the adjustment pipe body 810. The adjustment pipe body 810 is hinged to the inside of the secondary discharge channel 200 through the support ball 820. Multiple telescopic adjustment components 830 are provided around the end of the regulating pipe body 810. Each telescopic adjustment component 830 includes a hydraulic telescopic rod 832 and two hinged balls 831 fixed at both ends of the hydraulic telescopic rod 832. The hydraulic telescopic rod 832 is hinged between the secondary discharge channel 200 and the regulating pipe body 810.

[0039] Therefore, in the process of energy dissipation due to collision at multiple confluence points of the discharged water, the orientation of the regulating pipe 810 can be adjusted by using one or more local telescopic adjustment components 830, so as to achieve precise and efficient energy dissipation while ensuring that the energy dissipation effect of the discharged water is adjusted in a timely manner without delaying the discharge efficiency.

[0040] In another embodiment of the present invention, this application achieves precise and efficient consumption of high-energy water flow through a multi-stage process, from active guidance via the main discharge channel 100 to graded energy dissipation via the multiple discharge channels 200, and then to the conversion of frictional energy by the friction blocks 741 and the positioning cylinder 752, while ensuring that the discharge efficiency is not delayed. When the system is working, the high-speed water flow first enters the main discharge channel 100; subsequently, the water flow is intelligently diverted to the surrounding multiple discharge channels 200. This design initially reduces the impact intensity by dispersing the water flow, but the true core of energy dissipation lies in: Multiple secondary discharge channels 200 are set around the main discharge channel 100. Inside the secondary discharge channels 200, there are multiple confluence points that are gradually distributed towards each other in the direction away from the main channel. When the water flows through these confluence points, it will collide multiple times in an increasing manner. Each collision is more violent than the previous one, as if the water flow is "self-consuming", thus consuming a huge amount of kinetic energy inside the channel. After the water flow completes the collision, it is introduced into a mechanical energy dissipation unit (unit energy dissipation tube group 700) through the connecting pipe 710; the water flow impacts the blades 763 of the impeller drive component 760, converting its residual potential energy into the rotational kinetic energy of the impeller; the impeller drive component 760 then drives the positioning cylinder 752 on the internal friction energy dissipation component 750 to rotate strongly relative to the friction block 741 on the fixed external friction energy dissipation component 740; the energy of the water flow is finally completely dissipated through frictional heat generation; the system is also designed with a cooling mechanism, which introduces some of the drain water between the friction pairs to absorb heat, and maintains a constant clamping force through the telescopic mechanism 742 to ensure the stability of the energy dissipation effect; To ensure optimal energy dissipation effect during collisions, the system incorporates a telescopic adjustment component 830. This component can dynamically adjust the orientation of the adjustment pipe 810, thereby changing the angle and force of the colliding water flow and achieving precise control of the energy dissipation effect under different flow conditions. The entire system is located at the bottom of the dam, forcing all discharged water to pass through this multi-stage energy dissipation process. Therefore, its efficiency is not affected by fluctuations in upstream water flow, and it has extremely strong adaptability and reliability.

[0041] Traditional stilling basins have a fixed energy dissipation intensity. However, in this application, the upgraded collision and friction energy dissipation unit of the secondary discharge channel 200 features a gradually increasing friction coefficient, forming a positive feedback mechanism. The higher the energy of the water flow, the more intense the collision and the stronger the frictional resistance will be triggered in subsequent stages, automatically matching and consuming more energy. This means that the system can intelligently adjust its energy dissipation intensity according to the incoming flow energy without external intervention, which is difficult to achieve with a fixed structure.

[0042] Conventional energy dissipation mainly converts the kinetic energy of water flow into thermal energy through turbulence; however, this application designs an ingenious energy conversion path: water kinetic energy - collision internal energy (thermal energy / acoustic energy) - mechanical rotational kinetic energy - frictional thermal energy. This multi-form, multi-stage energy step-by-step conversion path greatly improves the efficiency and thoroughness of energy dissipation, avoids the energy residue problem that may exist in a single energy dissipation method, and thus brings about a comprehensive energy dissipation efficiency that far exceeds the design expectations.

[0043] Integrating frictional heat generation with water cooling is an ingenious design. The biggest challenge in frictional energy dissipation is overheating that can damage components. This application perfectly combines the friction pair that needs cooling with the natural coolant of the flowing water itself. By introducing water to absorb frictional heat, it not only solves the problem of thermal fatigue of mechanical components but also improves the overall energy dissipation effect of the water body. This achieves a stable working state that is both self-sustaining and self-cooling, killing two birds with one stone.

[0044] In traditional understanding, high-intensity energy dissipation often comes at the cost of sacrificing flow velocity; however, the multi-channel diversion design and streamlined mechanical structure of this application ensure unobstructed water flow; its energy dissipation effect mainly comes from the internal collision and mechanical friction of the water flow, rather than from creating huge head loss by suddenly expanding the cross-section; thus, it unexpectedly breaks the convention that energy dissipation must be delayed, and achieves the seemingly contradictory goal of maintaining high flow efficiency without delay while achieving extremely high energy dissipation effect.

[0045] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in the description of this invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An energy dissipation system for water conservancy and hydropower projects, comprising a main spillway (100) located at the bottom of a dam, characterized in that, The main discharge channel (100) is used to receive the discharged water body; multiple discharge channels (200) are set around the main discharge channel (100). The multiple discharge channels (200) are used to disperse and divert the energy-dissipating discharged water body while ensuring a stable flow rate and not delaying the discharge efficiency of the main discharge channel (100). There are multiple intersection points between the multiple secondary discharge channels (200). The secondary discharge channels (200) at the multiple intersection points are distributed in a state where they gradually face each other in the direction away from the main discharge channel (100), which is used for sequentially upgraded multiple collision energy dissipation.

2. The energy dissipation system for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple junctions include a primary junction (300) and a secondary junction (400). The secondary discharge channels (200) at the primary junction (300) and the secondary junction (400) are distributed in a gradually moving direction away from the main discharge channel (100). The ends of the multiple secondary discharge channels (200) are connected to the discharge channel (500).

3. An energy dissipation system for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The secondary discharge channel (200) is equipped with multiple sets of energy dissipation pipe groups (600) inside it. The multiple sets of energy dissipation pipe groups (600) are used to dissipate energy from the flowing discharge water. The energy dissipation pipe group (600) includes multiple unit energy dissipation pipe groups (700), which are connected in sequence.

4. The energy dissipation system for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 3, characterized in that, The unit energy dissipation pipe group (700) includes a connecting pipe (710) and an energy dissipation pipe (720). The connecting pipe (710) and the energy dissipation pipe (720) are arranged in a straight line. The connecting pipe (710) is integrally installed on the energy dissipation pipe (720). The energy dissipation pipe (720) is used to dissipate energy from the flowing water.

5. The energy dissipation system for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 4, characterized in that, The energy dissipation pipe (720) includes a positioning shell (730), an external friction energy dissipation component (740), an internal friction energy dissipation component (750), and an impeller drive component (760). The impeller drive component (760) is assembled inside the internal friction energy dissipation component (750) and is located on the columnar centerline of the internal friction energy dissipation component (750); the external friction energy dissipation component (740) is sleeved on the outside of the internal friction energy dissipation component (750) and can rotate along the outer wall of the internal friction energy dissipation component (750); the positioning shell (730) is sleeved on the outside of the external friction energy dissipation component (740) and the internal friction energy dissipation component (750), and the positioning shell (730) and the external friction energy dissipation component (740) are fixedly connected; The connecting pipe (710) is fixed at one end of the positioning shell (730) and connected to the internal friction energy dissipation component (750), and is distributed in a straight line. After the discharged water enters the internal friction energy dissipation component (750) through the connecting pipe (710), the water acts on the impeller drive component (760), converting the potential energy of the water into the kinetic energy of the impeller drive component (760) to rotate, thereby causing the impeller drive component (760) to drive the internal friction energy dissipation component (750) and the external friction energy dissipation component (740) to rotate relative to each other, and dissipating the kinetic energy of the rotation in the friction.

6. The energy dissipation system for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 5, characterized in that, The internal friction energy dissipation component (750) includes a positioning cylinder (752), and a bearing ring (751) is respectively sleeved on the outside of both ends of the positioning cylinder (752). The positioning cylinder (752) is rotatably assembled inside the positioning shell (730) through the bearing ring (751). The external friction energy dissipation component (740) is sleeved between two bearing rings (751) outside the positioning cylinder (752); the impeller drive component (760) is assembled inside the positioning cylinder (752) and is located on the column center line of the positioning cylinder (752).

7. An energy dissipation system for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 6, characterized in that, The positioning cylinder (752) is provided with multiple inlets (753) and multiple outlets (754). The multiple inlets (753) and multiple outlets (754) are arranged in a ring array on the positioning cylinder (752). The inlets (753) are used to introduce the discharged water into the space between the external friction energy dissipation component (740) and the internal friction energy dissipation component (750) to absorb the heat generated by the friction between the external friction energy dissipation component (740) and the internal friction energy dissipation component (750). The outlets (754) are used to discharge the water after heat exchange.

8. An energy dissipation system for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 7, characterized in that, The external friction energy dissipation component (740) includes multiple friction blocks (741), which are arranged in a ring array around the positioning cylinder (752); The friction block (741) is arc-shaped, with one side abutting against the positioning cylinder (752) and the other side fixed to the telescopic mechanism (742). The telescopic mechanism (742) includes an elastic telescopic rod and a pneumatic telescopic rod. The telescopic mechanism (742) is used to ensure that the friction block (741) fits against the positioning cylinder (752) and generates heat through friction after the friction block (741) and the positioning cylinder (752) rotate. The friction coefficients of the friction blocks (741) and positioning cylinders (752) on the multiple unit energy dissipation pipe assemblies (700) gradually increase in the direction away from the main discharge channel (100) to ensure that the discharge rate is not delayed.

9. An energy dissipation system for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 6, characterized in that, The impeller drive component (760) includes a turntable (764), and multiple blades (763) are arranged around the turntable (764). The multiple blades (763) are arranged in a ring array around the turntable (764). A support column (761) is fixed on the turntable (764), and the support column (761) is arranged in a straight line with the turntable (764). The turntable (764) is located at the column centerline of the positioning cylinder (752); multiple support plates (762) are fixed at one end of the support column (761) away from the turntable (764), and the other end of the support plate (762) away from the support column (761) is fixed inside the positioning cylinder (752).

10. An energy dissipation system for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple secondary discharge channels (200) are equipped with angle adjustment pipes (800) at multiple intersection points. The angle adjustment pipe (800) includes an adjustment pipe body (810), and a support ball (820) is sleeved on the outside of the adjustment pipe body (810). The adjustment pipe body (810) is hinged to the inside of the secondary discharge channel (200) through the support ball (820). Multiple telescopic adjustment components (830) are provided around the end of the regulating pipe body (810). The telescopic adjustment component (830) includes a hydraulic telescopic rod (832) and two hinged balls (831) fixed at both ends of the hydraulic telescopic rod (832). The hydraulic telescopic rod (832) is hinged between the secondary discharge channel (200) and the regulating pipe body (810).

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