Deep shaft long-distance shield tunnel positioning measurement structure and measurement method

Abstract

The invention discloses a deep-shaft long-distance shield tunnel positioning measurement structure and measurement method, and relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, the deep-shaft long-distance shield tunnel positioning measurement structure comprises a long-distance tunnel excavated along the underground and two deep shafts communicated with the tunnel, a fixed support is arranged at the wellhead position of each deep shaft, and a steel rope is vertically put down by the fixed support towards the direction of each deep shaft; the fixing support is movably provided with a positioning frame, the positioning frame is provided with a positioning hole for a steel rope to penetrate through, the fixing support is provided with a leveling assembly for keeping the positioning frame horizontal, the fixing support is provided with a first driving part for driving the positioning frame to move, and the side, close to the deep shaft, of the positioning frame is provided with a guide assembly corresponding to the steel rope. And infrared distancers facing the positioning frame are arranged on the fixing bracket on the two sides of the positioning frame. The first driving piece drives the positioning frame to move, the position of the steel rope in the horizontal plane of the deep shaft is rapidly adjusted, the adjusted position of the steel rope is measured and calculated again through the infrared distance meter, and it is guaranteed that the vertical datum line of directional measurement is remeasured accurately.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a positioning and measurement structure and method for deep vertical shaft long-distance shield tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] Due to rapid urban development, in order to alleviate urban traffic pressure, China has focused on the development of urban rail transit. Urban rail transit has brought great convenience to residents' transportation and effectively alleviated traffic pressure.

[0003] Shaft positioning measurement in shield tunnels, also known as shaft orientation measurement, involves transmitting the planar coordinates and directions from the ground coordinate system to the underground via a steel wire rope that falls vertically from the shaft and a support frame fixed at the shaft opening. This unifies the above-ground and underground coordinates, thereby guiding tunnel construction.

[0004] Regarding the aforementioned technologies, the inventors believe that when adjusting the position of the wire rope is required for other construction operations in tunnels and shafts, the inability to quickly adjust the position of the wire rope and then remeasure it affects the accuracy of the baseline re-measurement for orientation measurement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a positioning and measurement structure and method for deep vertical shaft long-distance shield tunnels, in order to improve the problem that when other construction operations are carried out on the tunnel or shaft and the position of the wire rope needs to be adjusted, it is impossible to quickly adjust the position of the wire rope and then re-measure, which affects the accuracy of the re-measurement of the baseline of the orientation measurement.

[0006] This application provides a positioning and measurement structure and method for deep vertical shaft long-distance shield tunnels, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A positioning and measurement structure for a long-distance shield tunnel with deep vertical shafts includes a long-distance tunnel excavated underground and two deep vertical shafts connected to the tunnel. A fixed support is installed at the shaft opening of each deep vertical shaft. A steel cable is vertically lowered onto the fixed support towards the deep vertical shaft. A counterweight is attached to the end of the steel cable and plunges into the bottom of the deep vertical shaft. A damping liquid cylinder corresponding to the counterweight is installed in the tunnel. A traction winch for pulling the steel cable is installed on the fixed support. A positioning frame corresponding to the steel cable is movable on the fixed support. The positioning frame has a positioning hole through which the steel cable passes. A leveling component is installed on the fixed support to keep the positioning frame horizontal. A driving component for moving the positioning frame is installed on the fixed support near the deep vertical shaft. A guide component corresponding to the steel cable is installed on the side of the positioning frame facing the positioning frame. Infrared rangefinders facing the positioning frame are installed on both sides of the fixed support.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, a steel rope with a weight is lowered from the deep shaft to form a vertical baseline that runs through the shaft and the tunnel, providing a high-precision spatial positioning reference for the tunnel boring machine. The positioning frame is moved by the drive unit to quickly adjust the position of the steel rope in the horizontal plane of the deep shaft. The adjusted position of the positioning frame and steel rope is recalculated by an infrared rangefinder to ensure the accuracy of the re-measurement of the vertical baseline for orientation measurement.

[0009] Optionally, the fixed bracket is provided with a pulley above the positioning frame to guide the wire rope toward the deep shaft. The leveling assembly includes a horizontal frame disposed in the fixed bracket and a second driving component for adjusting the horizontal frame. The fixed bracket has limiting grooves corresponding to the horizontal frame around its perimeter. The horizontal frame has limiting blocks around its perimeter that contact the inner sidewall of the limiting grooves. The second driving component is disposed in the limiting grooves and its driving end is rotatably connected to the limiting blocks. The first driving component is disposed on the upper surface of the horizontal frame and the positioning frame is slidably connected to the horizontal frame. The horizontal frame is provided with a level instrument electrically connected to the second driving component.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the horizontal frame is prevented from horizontal displacement by fitting the limiting block with the limiting groove. The level of the horizontal frame is measured in real time by the level instrument. The driving component 2 in the limiting groove works with the level instrument to automatically adjust the horizontal frame, eliminating the tilt of the fixed support caused by geological settlement or load deformation, ensuring that the reference plane of the positioning frame is horizontal, and setting the steel rope perpendicular to the positioning frame, thereby reducing the measurement error of the vertical position of the steel rope.

[0011] Optionally, the horizontal frame is provided with a sliding groove along the moving direction of the positioning frame. The inner sidewall of the sliding groove is in contact with both ends of the positioning frame. The sliding groove is rotatably provided with a screw connected to the driving end of the driving component one along its length direction. The screw is threadedly connected to the positioning frame. The horizontal frame is provided with scale plates corresponding to the positioning holes at both ends of the positioning frame. The positioning frame is provided with pointers corresponding to the scale plates at both ends. The infrared rangefinder is provided on the horizontal frame and corresponds to the pointers.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the sliding groove opened on the horizontal frame constrains the movement trajectory of the positioning frame, preventing the positioning frame from deflecting or shaking; the drive screw rotates to move the positioning frame, and the scale plate and pointer provide intuitive feedback on the position of the positioning frame. The infrared rangefinder performs redundant verification to avoid mechanical transmission errors; thus making the measured position of the positioning frame and the vertical position of the steel rope more accurate.

[0013] Optionally, the guiding assembly includes a guide tube disposed in the positioning hole of the positioning frame, the guide tube extending toward both sides of the positioning frame, a laser tracker corresponding to the steel rope being disposed at one end of the guide tube toward the deep vertical shaft, and a plurality of ball bearings in contact with the steel rope being rolled in the guide tube.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the ball bearings inside the guide tube convert the sliding friction of the steel rope into rolling friction, which greatly reduces the wear of the steel rope and extends its service life. The laser tracker continuously monitors the verticality of the steel rope when it is close to the side wall of the deep shaft, which reduces the impact of the steel rope tilting on the measurement results after the steel rope collides inside the deep shaft.

[0015] Optionally, a planar float plate is provided above the counterweight on the steel rope. The planar float plate floats above the liquid surface of the damping cylinder, and a reflector plate corresponding to the beam of the laser tracker is provided on the upper surface of the planar float plate.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the planar float floats above the liquid surface of the damping liquid cylinder. The damping liquid ensures the stability of the planar float. The planar float automatically maintains a horizontal position using the buoyancy of the liquid, which drives the reflector to form a stable optical target. This facilitates the laser rangefinder to measure the size of the hanging steel rope and eliminates the influence of slight tilt of the weight on the laser measurement.

[0017] Optionally, the planar float plate has a plurality of collision bells on its upper surface, the center of the planar float plate is slidably connected to the steel cable and the planar float plate is arranged in a disc shape, and the collision bells are evenly spaced around the planar float plate.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, several collision bells are installed around the edge of the planar floating plate. When the steel cable approaches the inner wall of the deep vertical shaft, the planar floating plate collides with the shaft wall and the collision bells make a sound, which makes it easier to adjust the steel cable to a suitable position. At the same time, when the steel cable itself vibrates, it causes the collision bells to shake and make a sound, reminding the staff that the steel cable is in an abnormal condition.

[0019] Optionally, the upper surface of the positioning frame is provided with a clamping frame corresponding to the steel rope. The clamping frame is rotatably arranged above the guide tube with a roller for clamping the steel rope. The roller has a clamping groove on its circumferential sidewall. The clamping frame has a sliding block at both ends that is rotatably connected to the roller. An elastic element is provided between the clamping frame and the moving block to push the moving block. The opening of the guide tube is arc-shaped.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the elastic element pushes the moving block to make the roller clamp the steel rope, ensuring that the steel rope passes through the guide tube when the positioning frame moves, and absorbing the vibration of the steel rope itself; the clamping groove opened on the roller disperses the contact pressure, and at the same time prevents the steel rope from falling off the roller when the positioning frame moves.

[0021] Optionally, the positioning frame is rotatably equipped with a buffer rod corresponding to the steel rope on the side facing the deep shaft. The end of the buffer rod is rotatably equipped with a wheel that fits against the steel rope. An elastic element is provided between the buffer rod and the positioning frame to pull the buffer rod. Several buffer rods are arranged around the steel rope and are offset from the beam of the laser tracker.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the elastic element 2 pulls the buffer rod, so that the wheel body is in close contact with the steel rope to form a damping force, which quickly attenuates the lateral vibration of the steel rope caused by the airflow in the wellbore; the buffer rod and the laser beam are staggered to avoid blocking the optical measurement path.

[0023] Optionally, the buffer rod includes a sleeve rod rotatably connected to the positioning frame and a rod inserted in the sleeve rod corresponding to the wheel body. The sleeve rod is provided with an elastic element three that pushes the rod to make the wheel body abut against the steel rope. The clamping groove is also provided around the circumferential side wall of the wheel body.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the elastic element three-push rod extends out of the sleeve rod to adapt to the swing amplitude of the steel rope, avoid excessive pressure on the wheel body to damage the steel rope, and enable the steel rope to quickly enter a stable state.

[0025] A method for positioning and measuring deep vertical shaft long-distance shield tunnels includes the following steps:

[0026] S100: A fixed support is installed at the head of the deep vertical shaft, and a steel rope is lowered vertically to the bottom of the shaft by a traction winch; a weight is suspended at the end of the steel rope and immersed in the damping liquid in the damping liquid cylinder set in the tunnel. The liquid resistance is used to quickly suppress the swaying of the weight and form a stable vertical baseline.

[0027] S200: A positioning frame is set in a fixed bracket. The steel rope passes through the positioning hole of the positioning frame. The guide component set on the positioning frame constrains the lateral displacement of the steel rope, and the position of the steel rope in the lateral direction is determined. The position of the positioning frame is calculated by an infrared rangefinder.

[0028] S300: Total stations are set up at key points on the top of the outside of the tunnel and inside the tunnel. The steel rope is horizontally aimed and the laser beam emitted by the total station is used to illuminate the steel rope to obtain the center coordinates of the steel rope. The coordinates of the ground coordinate system are then imported into the tunnel in combination with the vertical baseline.

[0029] In S400, after the driving positioning frame adjusts the position of the steel rope, the damping fluid in the damping fluid cylinder continuously absorbs the residual vibration of the weight, maintaining the long-term stability of the baseline. The position of the positioning frame is recalculated by the infrared rangefinder, and the tunnel orientation measurement is re-measured by the total station.

[0030] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0031] 1. A steel rope with a weight is lowered through a deep vertical shaft to form a vertical baseline that runs through the shaft and the tunnel, providing a high-precision spatial positioning reference for the tunnel boring machine. The positioning frame is moved by a drive unit to quickly adjust the position of the steel rope in the horizontal plane of the deep vertical shaft. The position of the positioning frame is recalculated by an infrared rangefinder to ensure the accuracy of the baseline re-measurement for orientation measurement.

[0032] 2. The sliding groove on the horizontal frame constrains the movement trajectory of the positioning frame, preventing it from deflecting or swaying; the drive screw rotates to move the positioning frame, and the scale plate and pointer provide intuitive feedback on the position of the positioning frame. The infrared rangefinder performs redundant verification to avoid mechanical transmission errors, making the measured position of the positioning frame and the vertical position of the steel rope more accurate.

[0033] 3. The planar float floats above the liquid surface of the damping liquid cylinder. The damping liquid ensures the stability of the planar float. The planar float automatically maintains a horizontal position using the buoyancy of the liquid, which drives the reflector to form a stable optical target. This facilitates the laser rangefinder in measuring the length of the hanging steel rope and eliminates the influence of slight tilt of the weight on the laser measurement. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of the positioning and measurement structure for a deep vertical shaft long-distance shield tunnel;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the positioning and measurement structure for a deep vertical shaft long-distance shield tunnel;

[0036] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of part A in the middle;

[0037] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of part B in the middle section;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a partial sectional view of the fixed support section;

[0039] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A magnified view of part C in the middle.

[0040] In the diagram: 1. Tunnel; 2. Deep shaft; 3. Fixed support; 31. Traction winch; 32. Drive component 1; 321. Screw; 33. Infrared rangefinder; 34. Pulley; 35. Limiting groove; 4. Steel rope; 41. Counterweight; 42. Damping cylinder; 43. Flat float; 431. Reflector; 432. Collision bell; 5. Positioning frame; 51. Positioning hole; 52. Pointer; 6. Leveling assembly; 61. Horizontal frame; 611. Limiting block 612. Sliding groove; 62. Drive component two; 63. Level; 64. Scale plate; 7. Guide assembly; 71. Guide tube; 711. Ball bearing; 72. Laser tracker; 73. Clamping frame; 731. Moving block; 732. Elastic component one; 74. Roller one; 741. Clamping groove; 75. Buffer rod; 751. Sleeve rod; 752. Rod; 753. Elastic component three; 76. Wheel body; 77. Elastic component two; 8. Total station. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 6 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] A positioning and measurement structure for deep vertical shaft long-distance shield tunnels, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The system includes a long underground tunnel 1 and two deep shafts 2 connected to the tunnel 1. The two deep shafts 2 are far apart. A fixed support 3 is installed at the shaft opening of the deep shafts 2. A traction winch 31 connected to a power source is installed on the fixed support 3. The traction winch 31 releases a steel cable 4 into the deep shaft 2. A weight 41 is tied to the end of the steel cable 4 and hangs down to the bottom of the deep shaft 2. A damping liquid cylinder 42 corresponding to the weight 41 is placed in the tunnel 1 to quickly absorb the swing of the weight 41 and accelerate the steel cable 4 to a static state. A movable device is installed on the fixed support 3. The positioning frame 5, corresponding to the steel rope 4, is provided with a driving component 32 for moving the positioning frame 5. A guide component 7 corresponding to the steel rope 4 is provided on the side of the positioning frame 5 near the deep shaft 2. An infrared rangefinder 33, which is electrically connected to the power supply and faces the positioning frame 5, is provided on both sides of the positioning frame 5. The positioning frame 5 is moved by the driving component 32, which quickly adjusts the position of the steel rope 4 in the horizontal plane of the deep shaft 2. The infrared rangefinder 33 recalculates the adjusted position of the positioning frame 5 to ensure the accuracy of the re-measurement of the baseline for orientation measurement.

[0044] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The fixed bracket 3 is equipped with a leveling component 6 to keep the positioning frame 5 horizontal. A pulley 34 is installed on the fixed bracket 3 above the positioning frame 5 to guide the wire rope towards the deep shaft 2. The positioning frame 5 has a positioning hole 51 through which the wire rope 4 passes. The leveling component 6 includes a horizontal frame 61 installed in the fixed bracket 3 and a driving component 62 for adjusting the horizontal frame 61. The fixed bracket 3 has limiting grooves 35 around its perimeter corresponding to the horizontal frame 61. Limiting blocks 6 are welded around the horizontal frame 61 to contact the inner wall of the limiting grooves 35. 11. Drive component 2 62 is a hydraulic cylinder connected to the oil circuit. Drive component 2 62 is installed in the limiting groove 35 and the driving end of drive component 2 62 is rotatably connected to the limiting block 611 through a rotating shaft. Drive component 1 32 is installed on the upper surface of the horizontal frame 61. A level instrument 63 electrically connected to drive component 2 62 is installed on the horizontal frame 61. The level instrument 63 measures the levelness of the horizontal frame 61 in real time. Drive component 2 62 in the limiting groove 35 cooperates with the level instrument 63 to automatically adjust the horizontal frame 61 to ensure that the reference plane of the positioning frame 5 is horizontal.

[0045] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 5A sliding groove 612 is provided on the horizontal frame 61 along the moving direction of the positioning frame 5. The inner sidewall of the sliding groove 612 fits against both ends of the positioning frame 5. The sliding groove 612 is rotatably connected to the drive end of the drive component 32 via a rotating shaft along its length. The drive component 32 is a drive motor electrically connected to the power supply. The screw 321 is threadedly connected to the positioning frame 5. The drive components 32 on both sides of the positioning frame 5 simultaneously drive the screw 321 to rotate, so that the positioning frame 5 moves stably. A scale plate 64 corresponding to the positioning hole 51 is installed on the horizontal frame 61 at both ends of the positioning frame 5. A pointer 52 corresponding to the scale plate 64 is fixed to both ends of the positioning frame 5 with bolts. An infrared rangefinder 33 is installed on the horizontal frame 61 and corresponds to the pointer 52. The scale plate 64 and the pointer 52 provide intuitive feedback on the position of the positioning frame 5. The infrared rangefinder performs redundant verification to avoid mechanical transmission errors.

[0046] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The guide tube 71 of the guide assembly 7 is installed in the positioning hole 51 of the positioning frame 5. The guide tube 71 extends towards both sides of the positioning frame 5. A laser tracker 72 corresponding to the steel rope 4 is installed at the end of the guide tube 71 facing the deep shaft 2. The laser tracker 72 continuously monitors the verticality of the steel rope 4 when it approaches the side wall of the deep shaft 2. Several balls 711 that are in contact with the steel rope 4 are rolled and embedded in the guide tube 71. A clamping frame 73 corresponding to the steel rope 4 is welded to the upper surface of the positioning frame 5. The clamping frame 73 is located above the guide tube 71 and is slidably installed through a groove. There is a movable block 731, and a roller 74 for clamping steel rope 4 is rotatably connected to the movable block 731 via a rotating shaft. The roller 74 has a clamping groove 741 on its circumferential side wall. An elastic element 732, which is a spring, is installed between the clamping frame 73 and the movable block 731 to push the movable block 731. The elastic element 732 pushes the movable block 731 so that the roller 74 clamps the steel rope 4. When the positioning frame 5 moves, it ensures that the steel rope 4 passes through the guide tube 71 to absorb the vibration of the steel rope 4 itself. The opening of the guide tube 71 is set in an arc shape to reduce the wear of the steel rope 4.

[0047] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 5A buffer rod 75 is rotatably connected to the side of the positioning frame 5 facing the deep shaft 2 via a rotating shaft. The buffer rod 75 includes a sleeve rod 751 rotatably connected to the positioning frame 5 and a rod 752 inserted in the sleeve rod 751 corresponding to the wheel 76. An elastic element 753, which pushes the rod 752 to abut against the steel rope 4, is installed in the sleeve rod 751. The elastic element 753 is a spring, and it pushes the rod 752 out of the sleeve rod 751 to adapt to the swing amplitude of the steel rope 4. At the end of the buffer rod 75 A wheel 76 is rotatably connected to the steel rope 4 by a bearing. A clamping groove 741 is also opened on the circumferential side wall of the wheel 76. An elastic element 77, which pulls the buffer rod 75, is welded between the buffer rod 75 and the positioning frame 5. The elastic element 77 is also a spring. The buffer rod 75 is pulled by the elastic element 77, so that the wheel 76 is in close contact with the steel rope 4 to form a damping force, which quickly attenuates the lateral vibration of the steel rope 4 caused by the airflow in the well. Several buffer rods 75 are arranged around the steel rope 4 and are staggered from the beam of the laser tracker 72.

[0048] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 A planar float plate 43 is installed above the counterweight 41 on the steel cable 4. The planar float plate 43 floats above the liquid surface of the damping liquid cylinder 42. A reflector plate 431 corresponding to the beam of the laser tracker 72 is embedded on the upper surface of the planar float plate 43. The planar float plate 43 automatically maintains a horizontal position by using liquid buoyancy, and drives the reflector plate 431 to form a stable optical target, which is convenient for the laser rangefinder to measure the hanging size of the steel cable 4. Several collision bells 432 are installed on the upper surface of the planar float plate 43. The center of the planar float plate 43 is slidably connected to the steel cable 4 and the planar float plate 43 is arranged in a disc shape. The collision bells 432 are evenly spaced around the planar float plate 43. When the steel cable 4 approaches the inner wall of the deep vertical shaft 2, the planar float plate 43 collides with the collision bells 432 on the shaft wall and makes a sound, which can remind the staff to adjust the steel cable 4 to a suitable position.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] A method for positioning and measuring deep vertical shaft long-distance shield tunnels includes the following steps:

[0051] S100, a fixed support 3 is installed at the opening of the deep vertical shaft 2, and a steel rope 4 is vertically lowered to the bottom of the shaft by a traction winch 31; a weight 41 is suspended at the end of the steel rope 4, and it is immersed in the damping liquid in the damping liquid cylinder 42 set in the tunnel 1. The liquid resistance is used to quickly suppress the shaking of the weight 41 and form a stable vertical baseline.

[0052] S200, a positioning frame 5 is set in the fixed bracket 3, and the steel rope 4 passes through the positioning hole 51 of the positioning frame 5. The guide component 7 set on the positioning frame 5 constrains the lateral displacement of the steel rope 4 and determines the vertical position of the steel rope 4.

[0053] S300, a total station 8 is set up at the top outside the tunnel 1 and at key points inside the tunnel 1. The steel rope 4 is horizontally aimed and the laser beam emitted by the total station 8 is used to illuminate the steel rope 4 to obtain the center coordinates of the steel rope 4. The coordinates of the ground coordinate system are then imported into the tunnel in combination with the vertical baseline.

[0054] S400, after the driving component 32 drives the positioning frame 5 to adjust the position of the steel rope 4, the damping liquid in the damping liquid cylinder 42 continuously absorbs the residual vibration of the weight 41, maintaining the long-term stability of the baseline. The position of the positioning frame 5 is recalculated by the infrared rangefinder 33, and the orientation measurement of the tunnel 1 is re-measured by the total station 8.

[0055] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows:

[0056] In actual operation, the steel rope 4 with the weight 41 attached is lowered from the entrance of the deep shaft 2. The steel rope 4 passes through the positioning hole 51 of the positioning frame 5 and is lowered by the traction winch 31 until the weight 41 is immersed in the damping fluid in the damping fluid cylinder 42, which quickly suppresses the swaying of the weight 41 and forms a stable vertical baseline. The total station 8 is set up at the top outside the tunnel 1 and at key points inside the tunnel 1. The steel rope 4 is horizontally aimed and the laser beam emitted by the total station 8 is used to illuminate the steel rope 4 to obtain the center coordinates of the steel rope 4. Combined with the design axis parameters, the deviation between the actual position of the tunnel 1 and the theoretical axis is calculated, and the coordinates of the ground coordinate system set up on the ground are transferred to the underground tunnel 1. When it is necessary to adjust the position of the steel rope 4, the drive component 32 drives the positioning frame 5 to move on the fixed support 3. The clamping frame 73 and the buffer rod 75 in the guide component 7 adjust the state of the steel rope 4. The infrared rangefinder 33 recalculates the adjusted position of the positioning frame 5 to ensure the accuracy of the re-measurement of the baseline for orientation measurement.

[0057] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A positioning and measurement structure for a long-distance shield tunnel with deep vertical shafts, comprising a long-distance tunnel (1) excavated underground and two deep vertical shafts (2) communicating with the tunnel (1), characterized in that: A fixed support (3) is provided at the wellhead of the deep shaft (2). A steel cable (4) is vertically lowered from the fixed support (3) toward the deep shaft (2). A weight (41) is provided at the end of the steel cable (4) and is inserted into the bottom of the deep shaft (2). A damping liquid cylinder (42) corresponding to the weight (41) is provided in the tunnel (1). A traction winch (31) for traction of the steel cable (4) is provided on the fixed support (3). A positioning frame (5) corresponding to the steel cable (4) is provided on the fixed support (3). The positioning frame (5) has a positioning hole (51) through which the steel rope (4) passes. The fixed bracket (3) is provided with a leveling component (6) to keep the positioning frame (5) horizontal. The fixed bracket (3) is provided with a driving component (32) to drive the positioning frame (5) to move. The side of the positioning frame (5) near the deep shaft (2) is provided with a guide component (7) corresponding to the steel rope (4). The fixed bracket (3) is provided with infrared rangefinders (33) facing the positioning frame (5) on both sides of the positioning frame (5).

2. The positioning and measurement structure for a deep vertical shaft long-distance shield tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed bracket (3) is located above the positioning frame (5) and is equipped with a pulley (34) to guide the wire rope toward the deep vertical shaft (2). The leveling component (6) includes a horizontal frame (61) set in the fixed bracket (3) and a second driving component (62) for adjusting the horizontal frame (61). The fixed bracket (3) is provided with a limiting groove (35) corresponding to the horizontal frame (61) around its perimeter. The horizontal frame (61) is provided with a limiting block (611) that contacts the inner sidewall of the limiting groove (35) around its perimeter. The second driving component (62) is set in the limiting groove (35) and the driving end of the second driving component (62) is rotatably connected to the limiting block (611). The first driving component (32) is set on the upper surface of the horizontal frame (61) and the positioning frame (5) is slidably connected to the horizontal frame (61). The horizontal frame (61) is provided with a level (63) that is electrically connected to the second driving component (62).

3. The positioning and measurement structure for a deep vertical shaft long-distance shield tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The horizontal frame (61) has a sliding groove (612) along the moving direction of the positioning frame (5). The inner sidewall of the sliding groove (612) is in contact with both ends of the positioning frame (5). The sliding groove (612) is rotatably provided with a screw (321) connected to the driving end of the driving component (32) along its length direction. The screw (321) is threadedly connected to the positioning frame (5). The horizontal frame (61) is provided with scale plates (64) corresponding to the positioning holes (51) at both ends of the positioning frame (5). The positioning frame (5) is provided with pointers (52) corresponding to the scale plates (64) at both ends of the positioning frame (5). The infrared rangefinder (33) is set on the horizontal frame (61) and corresponds to the pointers (52).

4. The positioning and measurement structure for a deep vertical shaft long-distance shield tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guiding assembly (7) includes a guide tube (71) disposed in the positioning hole (51) of the positioning frame (5). The guide tube (71) extends toward both sides of the positioning frame (5). A laser tracker (72) corresponding to the steel rope (4) is disposed at one end of the guide tube (71) toward the deep shaft (2). A plurality of balls (711) in contact with the steel rope (4) are rolled in the guide tube (71).

5. The positioning and measurement structure for a deep vertical shaft long-distance shield tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The steel rope (4) is positioned above the counterweight (41) with a flat float plate (43). The flat float plate (43) floats above the liquid surface of the damping liquid cylinder (42). The upper surface of the flat float plate (43) is provided with a reflector plate (431) corresponding to the beam of the laser tracker (72).

6. The positioning and measurement structure for a deep vertical shaft long-distance shield tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper surface of the planar float (43) is provided with a plurality of collision bells (432). The center of the planar float (43) is slidably connected to the steel rope (4) and the planar float (43) is arranged in a disc shape. The collision bells (432) are evenly spaced around the planar float (43).

7. The positioning and measurement structure for a deep vertical shaft long-distance shield tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper surface of the positioning frame (5) is provided with a clamping frame (73) corresponding to the steel rope (4). The clamping frame (73) is located above the guide tube (71) and is rotatably provided with a roller (74) for clamping the steel rope (4). The roller (74) has a clamping groove (741) on its circumferential sidewall. The clamping frame (73) has a sliding block (731) rotatably connected to the roller (74) at both ends. An elastic element (732) for pushing the moving block (731) is provided between the clamping frame (73) and the moving block (731). The opening of the guide tube (71) is arc-shaped.

8. The positioning and measurement structure for a deep vertical shaft long-distance shield tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that: The positioning frame (5) is rotatably provided with a buffer rod (75) corresponding to the steel rope (4) on the side facing the deep shaft (2). The end of the buffer rod (75) is rotatably provided with a wheel (76) that fits against the steel rope (4). An elastic element (77) for pulling the buffer rod (75) is provided between the buffer rod (75) and the positioning frame (5). Several buffer rods (75) are arranged around the steel rope (4) and are offset from the beam of the laser tracker (72).

9. The positioning and measurement structure for a deep vertical shaft long-distance shield tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that: The buffer rod (75) includes a sleeve rod (751) rotatably connected to the positioning frame (5) and a rod (752) inserted in the sleeve rod (751) corresponding to the wheel body (76). The sleeve rod (751) is provided with an elastic element (753) that pushes the rod (752) to make the wheel body (76) abut against the steel rope (4). The clamping groove (741) is also provided around the circumferential side wall of the wheel body (76).

10. A method for positioning and measuring long-distance shield tunnels in deep vertical shafts, characterized in that: Including the positioning and measurement structure for a deep vertical shaft long-distance shield tunnel as described in any one of claims 1-9, S100, a fixed bracket (3) is installed at the head of the deep vertical shaft (2), and a steel rope (4) is lowered vertically to the bottom of the shaft by a traction winch (31); a weight (41) is suspended at the end of the steel rope (4) and immersed in the damping liquid in the damping liquid cylinder (42) set in the tunnel (1) to quickly suppress the shaking of the weight (41) by using the liquid resistance to form a stable vertical baseline; S200, a positioning frame (5) is set in the fixed bracket (3), the steel rope (4) passes through the positioning hole (51) of the positioning frame (5), the guide component (7) set on the positioning frame (5) constrains the lateral displacement of the steel rope (4), the position of the steel rope (4) in the lateral direction is determined, and the position of the positioning frame (5) is calculated by the infrared rangefinder (33); S300, a total station (8) is set up at the top outside the tunnel (1) and at key points inside the tunnel (1). The steel rope (4) is horizontally aimed and the steel rope (4) is illuminated by a laser beam emitted by the total station (8). The center coordinates of the steel rope (4) are obtained and the coordinates of the ground coordinate system are imported into the tunnel (1) in combination with the vertical baseline. S400, after the driving component (32) drives the positioning frame (5) to adjust the position of the steel rope (4), the damping liquid in the damping liquid cylinder (42) continues to absorb the residual vibration of the hammer (41) and maintain the long-term stability of the baseline. The position of the positioning frame (5) is recalculated by the infrared rangefinder (33), and the orientation measurement of the tunnel (1) is re-measured by the total station (8).

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