Spring buffer type pneumatic actuating mechanism

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pneumatic actuating mechanisms, and discloses a spring buffer type pneumatic actuating mechanism which comprises a cylinder body, a limiting mechanism is fixedly connected to the side face of the cylinder body and used for limiting movement of a driving piston, the driving piston is movably connected into the cylinder body, a push rod is fixedly connected to the driving piston, and an air vent is fixedly connected to the side wall of the cylinder body. A fan blade switch, a pressure switch and an adjusting mechanism are arranged in the cylinder body, the pressure switch comprises a third gear, the side face of the third gear is fixedly connected with a ball valve, the other end of the third gear is connected with a transmission gear in a meshed mode, the transmission gear is connected with the fan blade switch in a meshed mode, and the fan blade switch is fixedly connected to the position of a vent hole in the cylinder body. The device is provided with the fan blade switch, the pressure switch and the adjusting mechanism, during use, secondary buffering is achieved through the pressure switch and the adjusting mechanism, meanwhile, the opening of the fan blade switch is dynamically adjusted based on the movement speed, controllable back pressure is formed, and rigid collision is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pneumatic actuator technology, specifically a spring-buffered pneumatic actuator. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component in the field of industrial automation, pneumatic actuators are widely used in industries such as chemical, power, and metallurgy due to their rapid response, stable output, and excellent explosion-proof performance. They are mainly responsible for driving the precise movements of equipment such as valves and robotic arms to achieve functions such as material conveying, pressure regulation, and position control, playing a key role in the continuity and stability of industrial production.

[0003] Publication No. CN104653846A discloses a spring-buffered pneumatic actuator, including a conventional piston-type pneumatic actuator. The piston-type pneumatic actuator comprises a cylinder body, an upper cylinder head, a lower cylinder head, and a piston. The key feature is that the inner plane of the upper cylinder head is provided with a plurality of circumferentially distributed upper spring buffer units, which cooperate with the upper surface of the piston to provide buffering for the upward movement of the pneumatic actuator. Similarly, the inner plane of the lower cylinder head is provided with a plurality of circumferentially distributed lower spring buffer units, which cooperate with the lower surface of the piston to provide buffering for the downward movement of the pneumatic actuator. This invention has an ingenious structure and reasonable design, enabling the pneumatic actuator to have spring buffering function at both the beginning and end of its stroke. It can be used in situations involving rapid and frequent movements, and the buffering stroke is accurate and controllable, with a small buffering stroke that does not affect the response speed of the pneumatic actuator.

[0004] However, traditional pneumatic actuators mostly rely on intake and exhaust flow regulation for buffer control, which has revealed significant drawbacks in practical applications. On the one hand, the fixed throttling mode cannot match speed changes under different operating conditions, resulting in a long buffer stroke and delayed start-stop response. On the other hand, they lack dynamic adaptive capabilities, making it difficult to adjust the buffer force in real time according to the actuator's movement speed. This can easily lead to rigid collisions during high-speed operation, exacerbating equipment wear, shortening service life, and failing to meet the demands of modern industry for high-precision and high-reliability automated equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a spring-buffered pneumatic actuator to solve the problems existing in the background art.

[0006] This invention provides the following technical solution: a spring-buffered pneumatic actuator, comprising a cylinder body, a limiting mechanism fixedly connected to the side of the cylinder body for limiting the movement of a drive piston, a drive piston movably connected inside the cylinder body, a push rod fixedly connected to the drive piston, a vent fixedly connected to the side wall of the cylinder body, and a fan blade switch, a pressure switch, and an adjusting mechanism disposed inside the cylinder body. The pressure switch includes a third gear, a ball valve fixedly connected to the side of the third gear, and a transmission gear meshing with the other end of the third gear. The transmission gear meshes with the fan blade switch, and the fan blade switch is fixedly connected to the vent on the cylinder body. The adjustment mechanism includes a fourth gear, the bottom of which is meshed with an upper connecting rack. The top of the upper connecting rack is meshed with a fan blade switch. The top of the fourth gear is meshed with a lower connecting rack. A slider is fixedly connected to the side of the lower connecting rack. The top of the slider is rotatably connected to a drive rod. During use, the rubber pad absorbs pressure through spring damping. Simultaneously, the movement of the lower connecting rack, the fourth gear, and the upper connecting rack drives the fan blade switch to rotate, adjusting the opening on the fan blade switch and controlling the internal gas outflow speed. The gas is retained in the cylinder, forming back pressure, thereby reducing the impact on the cylinder.

[0007] Furthermore, an elastic plate is fixedly connected to the top of the rubber pad. The elastic plate has a hemispherical structure and several ventilation holes. The top of the drive rod is rotatably connected to the rubber pad. A spring damper is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rubber pad. A base is fixedly connected to the bottom of the spring damper. The slider is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder.

[0008] By combining elastic plates, rubber pads, and spring damping, the kinetic energy of the piston rod is converted into elastic potential energy and gas internal energy. The repulsive force between the same pole of the slider and the magnetic block is used to achieve secondary buffering, which greatly improves the smoothness of deceleration.

[0009] Furthermore, the cylinder body is provided with a pressure regulating mechanism, which includes a spring tube. A connecting plate is fixedly connected to the side of the spring tube, and a protrusion is fixedly connected to the connecting plate. The protrusion is fixedly connected to the cylinder body. A fan-shaped gear is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting plate, and a gear rod is meshed with the top of the fan-shaped gear. The spring tube is made of stainless steel, is hollow inside, and has an initial elliptical bending shape.

[0010] Furthermore, a magnetic block is fixedly connected inside the cylinder, and the magnetic block is disposed on the two side ends of the slider.

[0011] Furthermore, a transmission rack is provided on the top of the fan blade switch. The transmission rack includes a left rack, a telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the side of the left rack, a right rack is fixedly connected to the side of the telescopic rod, a spring is provided on the telescopic rod, and the left rack is meshed with a gear rod.

[0012] Furthermore, a connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the side of the vent, and the other end of the connecting pipe is located in the middle section of the cylinder. The ball valve is provided inside the vent and is used to adjust the opening and closing of the vent.

[0013] Furthermore, the fan blade switch includes a first gear, with a fixed ring fixedly connected to the top of the first gear. A movable ring is sleeved on the outer ring of the fixed ring, and an external fixed plate is rotatably connected to the movable ring. A movable rod is fixedly connected to the center of the side of the external fixed plate, and a fixed shaft is rotatably connected to the side of the movable rod. A fan blade plate is fixedly connected to the movable rod. A second gear is fixedly connected to the top of the movable ring. The first gear meshes with a transmission gear. The second gear has two parts, an upper one meshing with a right rack and a lower one meshing with an upper connecting rack. Furthermore, an elastic seat is fixedly connected to the push rod. The elastic seat contacts an elastic plate during movement for buffering. The elastic seat includes a fixed cylinder, with a piston rod movably connected to the center of the fixed cylinder. A fixed spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the piston rod, and the fixed spring is fixedly connected to the fixed cylinder. A permanent magnet is fixedly connected to the piston rod. A vortex tube is fixedly connected to the inner side of the fixed cylinder, and an exhaust groove is formed at the bottom of the fixed cylinder.

[0014] Beneficial effects: 1. This spring-buffered pneumatic actuator can convert the kinetic energy of the piston rod into elastic potential energy and gas internal energy through an elastic plate and adjustment mechanism. Combined with the repulsive force of the magnetic structure, it achieves two-stage buffering, which greatly improves the smoothness of deceleration. At the same time, the fan blade opening is dynamically adjusted based on the speed of movement. The faster the speed, the smaller the opening, thereby forming a controllable back pressure and effectively avoiding rigid collisions.

[0015] 2. In this spring-buffered pneumatic actuator, when the actuator is running at high speed, the push rod drives the slider to move laterally. The slider drives the fan blade switch to rotate through the gear and rack transmission, so that the opening of the fan blade plate decreases as the speed increases. When the gas flows through the narrowed channel, back pressure is formed. Its strength is positively correlated with the movement speed, realizing adaptive control, avoiding rigid collisions, and extending the service life of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a spring-buffered pneumatic actuator proposed in this invention; Figure 2This is a cross-sectional view of a spring-buffered pneumatic actuator proposed in this invention. Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A above; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cylinder of a spring-buffered pneumatic actuator proposed in this invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the adjustment mechanism of a spring-buffered pneumatic actuator proposed in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fan blade switch structure of a spring-buffered pneumatic actuator proposed in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure regulating mechanism of a spring-buffered pneumatic actuator proposed in this invention.

[0017] The components include: 1. Cylinder body; 2. Restriction mechanism; 3. Elastic plate; 4. Drive piston; 5. Push rod; 6. Elastic seat; 601. Piston rod; 602. Fixed cylinder; 603. Fixed spring; 604. Permanent magnet; 605. Vortex tube; 606. Exhaust groove; 7. Vent; 8. Intake passage; 9. Connecting pipe; 10. Pressure regulating mechanism; 101. Bourdon tube; 102. Gear rod; 103. Fan blade gear; 104. Connecting plate; 11. Magnetic block; 12. Fan blade switch; 1201. Gear No. 1; 1202. External fixing plate; 1203. Gear No. 2; 1 204. Fixed ring; 1205. Fan blade; 1206. Fixed shaft; 1207. Movable rod; 1208. Movable ring; 13. Pressure switch; 1301. Gear No. 3; 1302. Ball valve; 1303. Transmission gear; 14. Adjustment mechanism; 1401. Gear No. 4; 1402. Base; 1403. Spring damper; 1404. Rubber pad; 1405. Slider; 1406. Drive rod; 1407. Upper connecting rack; 1408. Lower connecting rack; 15. Transmission rack; 1501. Left rack; 1502. Telescopic rod; 1503. Right rack. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art who have not made any innovative embodiments are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Please see Figures 1-4A spring-buffered pneumatic actuator includes a cylinder body 1. A limiting mechanism 2 is fixedly connected to the side of the cylinder body 1 to limit the movement of a drive piston 4. The drive piston 4 is movably connected inside the cylinder body 1, and a push rod 5 is fixedly connected to the drive piston 4. A vent 7 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the cylinder body 1. A fan blade switch 12, a pressure switch 13, and an adjusting mechanism 14 are arranged inside the cylinder body 1. The pressure switch 13 includes a third gear 1301. A ball valve 1302 is fixedly connected to the side of the third gear 1301. A transmission gear 1303 is meshed with the other end of the third gear 1301. The transmission gear 1303 meshes with the fan blade switch 12. The fan blade switch 12 is fixedly connected to the vent 14 on the cylinder body 1. The adjusting mechanism 14 includes a fourth gear 1401. The bottom of gear 1401 is meshed with an upper connecting rack 1407, the top of the upper connecting rack 1407 is meshed with a fan blade switch 12, the top of the fourth gear 1401 is meshed with a lower connecting rack 1408, a slider 1405 is fixedly connected to the side of the lower connecting rack 1408, and the top of the slider 1405 is rotatably connected to a drive rod 1406. During use, the rubber pad 1404 absorbs pressure through spring damping 1403, and the movement of the lower connecting rack 1408, the fourth gear 1401 and the upper connecting rack 1407 drives the fan blade switch 12 to rotate, adjusts the opening on the fan blade switch 12, controls the internal gas outflow speed, and the gas is retained in the cylinder to form back pressure, thereby reducing the impact on the cylinder 1.

[0020] An elastic plate 3 is fixedly connected to the top of the rubber pad 1404. The elastic plate 3 is a hemispherical structure with several ventilation holes. The top of the drive rod 1406 is rotatably connected to the rubber pad 1404. The bottom of the rubber pad 1404 is fixedly connected to the spring damper 1403. The bottom of the spring damper 1403 is fixedly connected to the base 1402. The slider 1405 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder 1.

[0021] In this embodiment, it is important to note that the spring-buffered pneumatic actuator effectively solves the problem of impact vibration that traditional pneumatic actuators are prone to during high-speed motion. Its beneficial effects are: adaptive buffer adjustment, through the combination of the elastic plate 3, rubber pad 1404, and spring damping 1403, converting the piston rod kinetic energy into elastic potential energy and gas internal energy, and utilizing the repulsive force between the slider 1405 and the magnetic block 11 to achieve secondary buffering, significantly improving deceleration smoothness; intelligent exhaust throttling, dynamically adjusting the opening of the fan blade switch 12 based on the motion speed (the faster the speed, the smaller the opening), forming controllable back pressure and avoiding rigid collisions; compact and reliable structure, adopting a gear and rack transmission and integrated fan blade switch design, requiring no additional electrical control system, resulting in low maintenance costs and adaptability to complex working conditions.

[0022] The specific working principle is as follows: During use, when the drive piston 4 and push rod 5 move to the adjustment mechanism 14, the elastic seat 6 first contacts the elastic plate 3. Subsequently, the elastic plate 3, after being subjected to force, transmits the pressure to the rubber pad 1404. The spring damper 1403 at the bottom of the rubber pad 1404 absorbs the pressure. During the absorption process, it moves towards the base 1402, simultaneously driving the drive rod 1406 and slider 1405 to move laterally. The magnetic block 11 on the side of the slider 1405 has the same pole facing the slider 1405. The repulsive force reduces the speed of slider 1405. Slider 1405 drives the lower connecting rack 1408 to move sideways. The lower connecting rack 1408 drives the fan blade switch 12 to rotate through the transmission of gear 4 1401 and upper connecting rack 1407, thereby adjusting the opening size of the fan blade switch 12. The faster the piston rod moves to the rubber pad 1404, the greater the pressure on the rubber pad 1404, which correspondingly reduces the opening of the fan blade switch 12, thereby reducing the gas outflow speed in the cavity and using the internal air for buffering.

[0023] Please see Figures 2-4 , Figure 6 The cylinder body 1 is equipped with a pressure regulating mechanism 10. The pressure regulating mechanism 10 includes a spring tube 101. A connecting plate 104 is fixedly connected to the side of the spring tube 101. A protrusion is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 104 and is fixedly connected to the cylinder body 1. A fan-blade gear 103 is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting plate 104. A gear rod 102 is meshed with the top of the fan-blade gear 103. The spring tube 101 is made of stainless steel, is hollow inside, and has an initial elliptical bending shape.

[0024] The top of the fan blade switch 12 is provided with a transmission rack 15, which includes a left rack 1501. A telescopic rod 1502 is fixedly connected to the side of the left rack 1501, and a right rack 1503 is fixedly connected to the side of the telescopic rod 1502. A spring is provided on the telescopic rod 1502. The left rack 1501 is meshed with the gear rod 102.

[0025] In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that when the internal pressure of the cavity is high, compressed air enters the spring tube 101. The pressure inside the tube causes the elliptical cross-section of the spring tube 101 to tend towards a circle, generating an outward expanding torque. This causes the free end of the spring tube 101 to move in the straightening direction, driving the connecting plate 104, which is fixedly connected to the spring tube 101, to move. The connecting plate 104 drives the fan blade gear 103 to rotate, which in turn drives the gear rod 102 to rotate. The gear rod 102 drives the left rack 1501 to move horizontally. The left rack 1501 replaces the telescopic rod 1502 and the right rack 1503 to move horizontally. Through the right rack 1503, the fan blade switch 12 is rotated, thereby reducing the exhaust volume of the fan blade switch 12, reducing the pressure difference between the two ends of the push rod 5, and improving the deceleration effect on the push rod 5.

[0026] Please see Figures 2-5 A connecting pipe 9 is fixedly connected to the side of the vent 7. The other end of the connecting pipe 9 is located in the middle section of the cylinder body 1. The ball valve 1302 is located inside the vent 7 and is used to adjust the opening and closing of the vent 7.

[0027] The fan blade switch 12 includes a first gear 1201, a fixed ring 1204 fixedly connected to the top of the first gear 1201, a movable ring 1208 sleeved on the outer ring of the fixed ring 1204, an external fixed plate 1202 rotatably connected to the movable ring 1208, a movable rod 1207 fixedly connected to the center of the side of the external fixed plate 1202, a fixed shaft 1206 rotatably connected to the side of the movable rod 1207, a fan blade plate 1205 fixedly connected to the movable rod 1207, and a second gear 1203 fixedly connected to the top of the movable ring 1208. The first gear 1201 meshes with a transmission gear 1303, and the second gear 1203 has two parts, the upper one meshes with a right rack 1503, and the lower one meshes with an upper connecting rack 1407.

[0028] In this embodiment, it is important to note that the spring-buffered pneumatic actuator effectively solves the problems of impact overload and high return resistance in traditional buffer devices during high-speed movement through innovative gas connection and pressure balance design. Its beneficial effects are reflected in: Dynamic pressure regulation: Through the linkage of the fan blade switch 12 and the pressure switch 13, the exhaust port is automatically reduced and the upper and lower chambers of the cylinder are connected during high-speed piston rod movement. This utilizes a dual mechanism of gas back pressure and pressure balance to achieve smooth deceleration and avoid rigid collisions; Adaptive dual-channel control: The bypass circuit formed by the connecting pipe 9 and the air port 7 can dynamically adjust the airflow path according to buffering requirements, improving buffering efficiency; Uninterrupted return design: After the buffering process ends, the ball valve 1302 automatically closes the bypass circuit, ensuring that the pressure in the upper and lower chambers of the cylinder is independent during the return stroke, without affecting the actuator's reset speed.

[0029] The working principle is as follows: Gear 1203 rotates under the drive of the right rack 1503 or the upper connecting rack 1407. Gear 1203 drives the outer fixed plate 1202 to rotate around the movable rod 1207. The rotation of the movable rod 1207 drives the fan blade 1205 fixedly connected to it to rotate, thereby adjusting the blade angle of the fan blade 1205. Simultaneously, gear 1203 drives gear 1201 at the bottom to rotate. Gear 1201 drives the pressure switch 13 to move. Through the transmission of gears 1303 and 1301, the ball valve 130... 2. Rotational motion is performed. Ball valve 1302 is located inside the vent 7 and is used to regulate the opening and closing of the vent 7. The vent 7 is connected to the middle of the cavity through the connecting pipe 9. When the fan blade switch 12 moves under the drive of the regulating mechanism 14, if the movement amplitude is too large, it will drive the pressure switch 13 to move, thereby connecting the upper and lower cavities of the cylinder 1, balancing the internal air pressure, and causing a short-term balance inside the cylinder 1. The movement speed of the push rod 5 decreases, the pressure on the regulating mechanism 14 decreases, and the ball valve 1302 inside the vent 7 closes, which will not affect the return movement of the push rod 5.

[0030] Please see Figure 7 An elastic seat 6 is fixedly connected to the push rod 5. The elastic seat 6 contacts the elastic plate 3 during movement to provide cushioning. The elastic seat 6 includes a fixed cylinder 602. A piston rod 601 is movably connected to the center of the fixed cylinder 602. A fixed spring 603 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the piston rod 601. The fixed spring 603 is fixedly connected to the fixed cylinder 602. A permanent magnet 604 is fixedly connected to the piston rod 601. A vortex tube 605 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the fixed cylinder 602. An exhaust groove 606 is opened at the bottom of the fixed cylinder 602. In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that during use, after the piston rod 601 contacts the elastic plate 3, it is subjected to pressure and moves into the fixed cylinder 602. When the eddy current tube 605 moves inside the permanent magnet 604 made of conductive material, its magnetic field cuts the conductor to generate an induced electromotive force, which in turn forms a closed current in the conductor. According to Lenz's law, the magnetic field generated by the eddy current will interact with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet to form a resistance opposite to the direction of movement, thereby slowing down the movement of the permanent magnet and achieving a buffering effect. During the movement, the piston rod 601 discharges the internal gas from the exhaust groove 606 to avoid damage caused by excessive internal pressure.

[0031] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A spring-buffered pneumatic actuator, comprising a cylinder (1), characterized in that: A limiting mechanism (2) is fixedly connected to the side of the cylinder (1) to limit the movement of the drive piston (4). The drive piston (4) is movably connected inside the cylinder (1). A push rod (5) is fixedly connected to the drive piston (4). A vent (7) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the cylinder (1). A fan blade switch (12), a pressure switch (13), and an adjusting mechanism (14) are provided inside the cylinder (1). The pressure switch (13) includes a third gear (1301). A ball valve (1302) is fixedly connected to the side of the third gear (1301). A transmission gear (1303) is meshed with the other end of the third gear (1301). The transmission gear (1303) meshes with the fan blade switch (12). The fan blade switch (12) is fixedly connected at the vent position on the cylinder (1). The adjusting mechanism (14) includes a fourth gear (1401). The bottom of the fourth gear (1401) is meshed with an upper connecting rack (1407), the top of the upper connecting rack (1407) is meshed with a fan blade switch (12), the top of the fourth gear (1401) is meshed with a lower connecting rack (1408), the side of the lower connecting rack (1408) is fixedly connected with a slider (1405), the top of the slider (1405) is rotatably connected to a drive rod (1406). During the use of this device, the rubber pad (1404) is subjected to pressure and is absorbed by the spring damper (1403). At the same time, through the motion transmission of the lower connecting rack (1408), the fourth gear (1401) and the upper connecting rack (1407), the fan blade switch (12) is driven to rotate, the opening on the fan blade switch (12) is adjusted, the internal gas outflow speed is controlled, the gas is retained in the cylinder to form back pressure, thereby reducing the impact on the cylinder (1).

2. The spring-buffered pneumatic actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the rubber pad (1404) is fixedly connected to an elastic plate (3), which is a hemispherical structure with several ventilation holes. The top of the drive rod (1406) is rotatably connected to the rubber pad (1404), and the bottom of the rubber pad (1404) is fixedly connected to a spring damper (1403). The bottom of the spring damper (1403) is fixedly connected to a base (1402), and the slider (1405) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder (1).

3. The spring-buffered pneumatic actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder (1) is provided with a pressure regulating mechanism (10). The pressure regulating mechanism (10) includes a spring tube (101). A connecting plate (104) is fixedly connected to the side of the spring tube (101). A protrusion is fixedly connected to the connecting plate (104). The protrusion is fixedly connected to the cylinder (1). A fan-shaped gear (103) is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting plate (104). A gear rod (102) is meshed with the top of the fan-shaped gear (103). The spring tube (101) is made of stainless steel, is hollow inside, and has an initial elliptical bending shape.

4. The spring-buffered pneumatic actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A magnetic block (11) is fixedly connected inside the cylinder (1), and the magnetic block (11) is located on both sides of the slider (1405).

5. A spring-buffered pneumatic actuator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top of the fan blade switch (12) is provided with a transmission rack (15), the transmission rack (15) includes a left rack (1501), a telescopic rod (1502) is fixedly connected to the side of the left rack (1501), a right rack (1503) is fixedly connected to the side of the telescopic rod (1502), a spring is provided on the telescopic rod (1502), and the left rack (1501) is meshed with the gear rod (102).

6. The spring-buffered pneumatic actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side of the vent (7) is fixedly connected to a connecting pipe (9), and the other end of the connecting pipe (9) is opened in the middle section of the cylinder (1). The ball valve (1302) is provided inside the vent (7) for adjusting the opening and closing of the vent (7).

7. A spring-buffered pneumatic actuator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fan blade switch (12) includes a first gear (1201), a fixed ring (1204) is fixedly connected to the top of the first gear (1201), a movable ring (1208) is sleeved on the outer ring of the fixed ring (1204), an outer fixed plate (1202) is rotatably connected to the movable ring (1208), a movable rod (1207) is fixedly connected to the center of the side of the outer fixed plate (1202), and a movable rod (1207) is rotatably connected to the side of the movable rod (1207). A fixed shaft (1206) is fixedly connected to a fan blade plate (1205) on the movable rod (1207). A second gear (1203) is fixedly connected to the top of the movable ring (1208). The first gear (1201) meshes with the transmission gear (1303). The second gear (1203) has two parts, one at the top and one at the bottom. The upper part meshes with the right rack (1503), and the lower part meshes with the upper connecting rack (1407).

8. A spring-buffered pneumatic actuator according to claim 2, characterized in that: An elastic seat (6) is fixedly connected to the push rod (5). The elastic seat (6) contacts the elastic plate (3) during movement to provide buffering. The elastic seat (6) includes a fixed cylinder (602). A piston rod (601) is movably connected to the center of the fixed cylinder (602). A fixed spring (603) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the piston rod (601). The fixed spring (603) is fixedly connected to the fixed cylinder (602). A permanent magnet (604) is fixedly connected to the piston rod (601). A vortex tube (605) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the fixed cylinder (602). An exhaust groove (606) is opened at the bottom of the fixed cylinder (602).

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