Hot air solar heat storage heating system and heating method

Abstract

The invention provides a hot air solar heat storage heating system and method. The hot air solar heat storage heating method comprises the steps that a solar heat collector heats air flowing through the interior of the solar heat collector; the hot air heated by the heat storage bin is stored; a temperature measuring device; an air inlet of the cold air pipe communicates with the external environment, and an air outlet of the cold air pipe communicates with the main heating pipe. The ventilation valves are used for controlling the opening and closing of the corresponding pipelines; and the controller is used for controlling the opening and closing of the plurality of ventilation valves according to temperature data measured by the temperature sensor. Solar energy is used as a core heat source, traditional energy consumption is reduced, and the advantages of environmental protection and energy conservation are achieved; the heat storage bin can store heat, balance the intermittency of solar energy influenced by sunlight, and guarantee continuous heating of the terminal; the temperature measuring device is matched with the cold air pipe, the heating temperature can be accurately adjusted, and the indoor comfort degree is improved; return air circulation can recover terminal waste heat, and the overall heat utilization rate of the system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar thermal storage and heating technology, and more specifically, to a hot air solar thermal storage and heating system and heating method. Background Technology

[0002] In the solar thermal storage heating industry, existing heating technologies mainly include hot air energy storage, solar-heated water energy storage, solar-heated antifreeze energy storage, dissolved salt energy storage, and thermal storage electric heaters. These technologies face the following problems in practical applications, especially in high-altitude areas and some remote rural towns: On the one hand, some heating technologies rely on electricity, but power shortages are common in high-altitude and remote areas. In such cases, the continuous operation of the heating system will be affected, and it will be impossible to stably guarantee heating. On the other hand, technologies such as water storage and antifreeze storage that use solar energy are more sensitive to the external natural environment. In extremely cold weather conditions, welded pipes are prone to freezing and cracking, equipment damage and other failures, which will cause the heating system to malfunction and make it difficult to cope with emergencies such as water shortages and power outages.

[0003] On the other hand, while some existing technologies have a certain heat storage capacity, the heat storage time is short and the thermal efficiency is relatively low, making it difficult to achieve long-term stable heating while effectively controlling energy consumption.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a hot air solar thermal storage heating system and heating method to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a hot air solar thermal storage heating system and heating method, so as to at least solve the problems of welded pipe freezing and cracking, equipment damage and low thermal efficiency that easily occur under extremely cold weather conditions in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of the present invention provides a hot air solar thermal storage heating system, comprising: a solar collector for heating air flowing through its interior; a thermal storage chamber connected to the solar collector via a main hot air duct, the thermal storage chamber for storing the hot air heated by the solar collector; multiple terminal heating chambers, each terminal heating chamber having a branch heating pipe, the air inlet of each branch heating pipe being connected to the thermal storage chamber via a main heating pipe; the air outlet of each branch heating pipe being connected to a branch return air duct, each branch return air duct being connected to the thermal storage chamber via a main return air duct; each branch heating pipe and each branch return air duct passing through a terminal heating chamber; and a temperature measuring device, including a first temperature sensor disposed at the air outlet of the solar collector, a second temperature sensor disposed on the thermal storage chamber, and a third temperature sensor disposed on the main heating pipe. The system includes a sensor and a fourth temperature sensor mounted on the main return air duct; a cold air duct, the inlet of which is connected to the external environment, and the outlet of which is connected to the main heating duct; multiple ventilation valves, each corresponding to a duct, each valve controlling the opening and closing of its corresponding duct; a controller connected to the multiple temperature sensors and the multiple ventilation valves, controlling the opening and closing of the multiple ventilation valves based on temperature data measured by the temperature sensors; a first fan mounted on the hot air duct, used to draw out air heated by the solar collector; a second fan mounted on the main heating duct, used to transport hot air from the heat storage chamber to the multiple terminal heating rooms; the outlet of the cold air duct is located between the second fan and the third temperature sensor; and the controller is also connected to the first fan and the second fan.

[0007] Optionally, the solar collector adopts a dual-pass hot air type solar heat pipe.

[0008] Optionally, the heat storage chamber is equipped with high-density honeycomb heat storage bricks.

[0009] Optionally, the first fan and the second fan are variable frequency fans.

[0010] Optionally, a bypass hot air pipe is also connected between the hot air pipe and the main heating pipe, and a ventilation valve is provided on the bypass hot air pipe; wherein, the controller is connected to the ventilation valve on the bypass hot air pipe to control the opening and closing of the bypass hot air pipe.

[0011] Optionally, the temperature measuring device further includes: Multiple fifth temperature sensors, each of which is disposed in one of the terminal heating chambers, are used to detect the temperature of the corresponding terminal heating chamber; The controller controls the opening and closing of the ventilation valve on the heating pipe in the corresponding terminal heating room based on the temperature data from multiple fifth temperature sensors.

[0012] Optionally, the system further includes a distribution box, an inverter, and a photovoltaic panel; the distribution box is used to supply power to electrical equipment; the inverter is connected to the distribution box and the photovoltaic panel respectively, the photovoltaic panel is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy, and the inverter is used to convert the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic panel into electrical energy suitable for the distribution box and the electrical equipment, so as to realize the transmission and utilization of electrical energy.

[0013] A second aspect of the present invention provides a hot air solar energy storage and heating method, applied to the hot air solar energy storage and heating system described in the present invention, the heating method comprising: S1. When the temperature of the thermal storage chamber T2 does not reach the rated energy storage temperature, and the difference between the solar collector outlet temperatures T1 and T2 is greater than the first preset difference threshold: S11. Open the ventilation valve on the hot air duct and control the first fan to operate at a variable frequency to raise T2 to the rated energy storage temperature; S12. Based on the air temperature T4 in the main return air duct, determine whether to utilize waste heat: If T2-T4≤second preset difference threshold, open the main return air duct ventilation valve to introduce waste heat air into the heat storage chamber to help increase T2; If T2-T4 > the second preset difference threshold, close the ventilation valve on the main return air duct to prevent T2 from dropping; S13. Once T2 reaches the rated energy storage temperature, close the ventilation valve on the hot air duct and stop the first fan; S2. When the air inlet temperature T3 of the terminal heating room is less than the preset temperature, and T1 < T3, T2 > T3: S21. Open the ventilation valves on multiple branch heating pipes, close the ventilation valve on the main return air pipe, control the second fan to operate in variable frequency mode, and deliver the hot air in the heat storage chamber to the terminal heating room. S22. During the operation of the second fan, if T3 is higher than the preset temperature: Open the ventilation valve on the cold air duct and gradually adjust its opening until T3 drops to the preset temperature. Then fix the opening of the ventilation valve on the cold air duct at the current position. Continuously monitor T3: If T3 deviates from the preset temperature again, fine-tune the opening of the cold air duct ventilation valve until T3 stabilizes again; Among them, T1 is obtained by the first temperature sensor, T2 is obtained by the second temperature sensor, T3 is obtained by the third temperature sensor, and T4 is obtained by the fourth temperature sensor.

[0014] Optionally, it also includes: S3. When the temperature of the thermal storage chamber T2 is the rated energy storage temperature, the temperature of the solar collector outlet T1 is greater than 28°C, and the air inlet temperature of the terminal heating room T3 is less than the preset temperature: S31. Close the ventilation valve of the hot air duct and the ventilation valve of the main return air duct, and open the ventilation valves and the ventilation valves on multiple branch heating pipes in sequence. S32. First, turn on the first fan to deliver the hot air from the solar collector to the main heating pipe through the bypass hot air pipe; then turn on the second fan to deliver the hot air to the terminal heating room. S33. During operation, if T3 is higher than the preset temperature, open the ventilation valve on the cold air duct and gradually adjust its opening until T3 drops to the preset temperature, then fix the opening of the cold air duct ventilation valve at the current position.

[0015] This invention discloses a hot-air solar thermal storage heating system and method, comprising: a solar collector for heating air flowing through it; a thermal storage chamber connected to the solar collector via a main hot air duct, for storing the heated air; multiple terminal heating chambers, each with a branch heating pipe, the air inlet of each branch heating pipe connected to the thermal storage chamber via a main heating pipe; the air outlet of each branch heating pipe connected to a branch return air duct, each branch return air duct connected to the thermal storage chamber via a main return air duct; each branch heating pipe and each branch return air duct passing through the terminal heating chamber; and a temperature measuring device comprising a first temperature sensor disposed at the air outlet of the solar collector, a second temperature sensor disposed on the thermal storage chamber, a third temperature sensor disposed on the main heating pipe, and a... A fourth temperature sensor is placed on the main return air duct; a cold air duct, the inlet of which is connected to the external environment, and the outlet of which is connected to the main heating duct; multiple ventilation valves, each corresponding to a duct, each valve controlling the opening and closing of its corresponding duct; a controller connected to the multiple temperature sensors and the multiple ventilation valves, the controller controlling the opening and closing of the multiple ventilation valves based on the temperature data measured by the temperature sensors; wherein, a first fan is installed on the hot air duct, the first fan drawing out the air heated by the solar collector; a second fan is installed on the main heating duct, the second fan transporting the hot air in the heat storage chamber to the multiple terminal heating rooms; the outlet of the cold air duct is located between the second fan and the third temperature sensor; the controller is also connected to the first fan and the second fan. This system uses solar energy as the core heat source, reducing the consumption of traditional energy sources and offering both environmental and energy-saving advantages. The heat storage chamber can store heat, balancing the intermittent nature of solar energy's influence by sunlight and ensuring continuous heating at the terminal. The temperature measurement device, in conjunction with the cold air duct, can precisely adjust the heating temperature and improve indoor comfort. The return air circulation can recover waste heat from the terminal, improving the overall heat utilization rate of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an optional hot air solar thermal storage heating system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure label: 10. Solar collector; 20. Thermal storage chamber; 30. Terminal heating room; 40. Temperature measuring device; 41. First temperature sensor; 42. Second temperature sensor; 43. Third temperature sensor; 50. Cold air duct; 60. Ventilation valve; 70. First fan; 80. Second fan; 90. Bypass hot air duct; 100. Controller. Detailed Implementation

[0018] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, a hot air solar thermal storage heating system includes: A solar collector 10 is used to heat the air flowing through its interior; The heat storage chamber 20 is connected to the solar collector 10 via a main hot air duct. The heat storage chamber 20 is used to store the hot air heated by the solar collector 10. Multiple terminal heating rooms 30 are provided, each terminal heating room 30 is provided with a branch heating pipe, the air inlet of each branch heating pipe is connected to the heat storage chamber 20 through a main heating pipe; the air outlet of each branch heating pipe is connected to a branch return air pipe, and each branch return air pipe is connected to the heat storage chamber 20 through a main return air pipe; each branch heating pipe and each branch return air pipe are installed in the terminal heating room 30; Temperature measuring device 40 includes a first temperature sensor 41 installed at the air outlet of solar collector 10, a second temperature sensor 42 installed on heat storage chamber 20, a third temperature sensor 43 installed on main heating pipe and a fourth temperature sensor installed on main return air pipe. The air inlet of the air duct 50 is connected to the external environment, and the air outlet of the air duct 50 is connected to the main heating pipe. Multiple ventilation valves 60 are respectively installed on a pipe, and each ventilation valve 60 is used to control the opening and closing of the corresponding pipe; The controller 100 is connected to a plurality of temperature sensors and a plurality of ventilation valves 60 respectively. The controller 100 is used to control the opening and closing of the plurality of ventilation valves 60 according to the temperature data measured by the temperature sensors. The hot air duct is equipped with a first fan 70, which is used to draw out the air heated by the solar collector 10; the main heating duct is equipped with a second fan 80, which is used to transport the hot air in the heat storage chamber 20 to the multiple terminal heating rooms 30; the air outlet of the cold air duct 50 is located between the second fan 80 and the third temperature sensor 43; the controller 100 is also connected to the first fan 70 and the second fan 80.

[0020] Specifically, the solar collector 10 absorbs solar radiation to heat the air flowing through it, providing initial hot air for the system. This is the foundation for solar heating and ensures a stable output of hot air that meets subsequent usage needs under sunlight conditions. The heat storage chamber 20 is connected to the solar collector 10 via the main hot air duct and serves as the system's heat storage unit. It receives and stores the hot air delivered by the first fan 70. Simultaneously, it is connected to the branch return air ducts of the terminal heating chamber 30 via the main return air duct, allowing for the recovery of return air discharged from the terminal, reducing heat waste and solving the problem of intermittent solar heating. The average outlet temperature of the solar collector 10 is 140℃. The heat storage chamber 20 can maintain its heat for up to 240 hours when there is no air circulation.

[0021] The terminal heating room 30 is the heat use terminal, and each is equipped with an independent branch heating pipe and branch return air pipe. The air inlet of the branch heating pipe is connected to the heat storage chamber 20 through the main heating pipe to receive hot air and realize indoor heating. The air outlet of the branch return air pipe is connected to the heat storage chamber 20 through the main return air pipe to send the indoor heat exchanged air back to the heat storage chamber 20, forming an airflow circulation.

[0022] The temperature measuring device 40 includes temperature sensors at four locations: the first temperature sensor 41 is located at the air outlet of the solar collector 10 to detect the air temperature output by the solar collector 10; the second temperature sensor 42 is located at the heat storage chamber 20 to detect the heat storage temperature inside the chamber; the third temperature sensor 43 is located at the main heating pipe to detect the air temperature delivered to the terminal; and the fourth temperature sensor is located at the main return air pipe to detect the return air temperature at the terminal, providing data support for system control.

[0023] The cold air duct 50 is an auxiliary component for temperature regulation. The air inlet of the cold air duct 50 is connected to the outside environment, and the air outlet is located on the main heating pipe between the second fan 80 and the third temperature sensor 43. It can introduce outside cold air to mix with the hot air in the main heating pipe, regulate the air temperature delivered to the terminal, and avoid the indoor temperature from being too high.

[0024] Multiple ventilation valves 60 are installed one-to-one in the main hot air duct, main return air duct, branch heating duct, branch return air duct, and cold air duct 50 of the system. By controlling the opening and closing of the corresponding ducts, and combining the opening and closing of valves, the airflow path can be switched to meet the needs of different operating conditions such as heat storage, heating, and waste heat recovery. All ducts in this application are insulated ducts.

[0025] The controller 100 is the core control hub of the system, connected to four temperature sensors, all ventilation valves 60, the first fan 70, and the second fan 80. After receiving real-time data from the temperature sensors, it sends control commands to each component according to preset logic, achieving automated control of the opening and closing of ventilation valves 60 and the start and stop of fans without manual intervention. Simultaneously, the controller 100 has a built-in remote communication module for interaction with the cloud platform. This module supports Wi-Fi, 4G / 5G, or Ethernet connections, allowing real-time system operation data to be uploaded to the cloud platform. This real-time data includes temperature sensor values, fan speed, and the opening and closing status of ventilation valves 60. Users can remotely view this data and send operation commands via a mobile app—except for adjusting the preset temperature on the terminal. In addition to starting and stopping the fans and switching operating modes, it can also monitor the temperature and humidity data of all terminal heating rooms 30 in real time, and precisely control the opening and closing of the ventilation valves 60 of the branch heating pipes and the ventilation valves 60 of the cold air pipes 50 corresponding to one or more terminals; it can also directly start and stop all ventilation valves 60 and motors in the system. All ventilation valves 60 include hot air pipe ventilation valves 60, main return air pipe ventilation valves 60, ventilation valves 60, etc., and motors include the first fan 70 and the second fan 80, to meet personalized heating needs; in addition, the APP has a special emergency one-click power-off function. After clicking, the command is transmitted to the controller 100 through the cloud platform, which can immediately cut off the main power supply of the system to deal with emergency faults and ensure safety; after the command is transmitted to the controller 100 through the cloud platform, the controller 100 executes the corresponding operation to realize remote monitoring and control of the system.

[0026] The system in this application uses solar energy as the core heat source, reducing the consumption of traditional energy and combining environmental protection and energy-saving advantages; the heat storage chamber 20 can store heat, balance the intermittent nature of solar energy affected by sunlight, and ensure continuous heating at the terminal; the temperature measuring device 40, in conjunction with the cold air duct 50, can accurately adjust the heating temperature and improve indoor comfort; the return air circulation design can recover waste heat at the terminal and improve the overall heat utilization rate of the system.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the solar collector 10 employs a dual-pass hot air solar heat pipe.

[0028] Specifically, the dual-pass hot air solar heat pipe uses the heat pipe as the core heat transfer element and achieves highly efficient heat transfer through the phase change of the working fluid (evaporation absorbs heat, condensation releases heat), with a rate far superior to traditional metal heat conduction. It also features independent air inlet and outlet channels. Room temperature air entering through the inlet channel can fully contact the condenser section of the heat pipe and quickly absorb heat, avoiding heat loss caused by the mixing of hot and cold air in traditional single-pass collectors. The heat collection efficiency is 20%-30% higher than ordinary single-pass hot air collectors, and it can quickly heat the air. Furthermore, the dual-pass structure ensures a fixed airflow path. The heat pipes are designed to ensure that the intake and exhaust air do not interfere with each other. Even with short-term fluctuations in sunlight intensity (such as cloud cover), the heat pipes can still maintain stable heat transfer, reducing sudden rises and falls in exhaust air temperature and ensuring a stable temperature of the hot air delivered to the main hot air duct. This avoids affecting the heat storage capacity of the heat storage chamber or the terminal heating effect. In addition, the heat pipe elements have strong sealing properties, which can isolate moisture and dust, and adapt to complex weather conditions such as rain, snow, and sandstorms. The smooth inner wall of the dual-channel system is not easy to accumulate dust, making later cleaning and maintenance simpler. This reduces the probability of equipment failure, extends service life, and provides support for the long-term stable operation of the system.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the heat storage chamber 20 is equipped with high-density honeycomb heat storage bricks.

[0030] Specifically, the heat storage chamber 20 is equipped with high-density honeycomb heat storage bricks. These bricks are made of high-density refractory materials (such as cordierite-mullite composite materials) sintered at high temperatures, and have a regular honeycomb-shaped perforated structure inside. On the one hand, the high-density material itself has a high specific heat capacity, which can effectively absorb and retain the heat from the hot air transported by the solar collector 10, preventing rapid heat loss and meeting the heating needs of the system during periods without sunshine. On the other hand, the honeycomb perforated design can increase the contact area between the hot air and the heat storage bricks. When the first fan 70 sends hot air into the heat storage chamber 20, the hot air can flow evenly across the surface of the heat storage bricks through the honeycomb perforations, quickly completing heat transfer and improving heat storage efficiency. At the same time, the honeycomb structure can also reduce the flow resistance of hot air in the heat storage chamber 20, ensuring smooth airflow circulation, avoiding local overheating or uneven heat storage. Moreover, this material has excellent high-temperature resistance and thermal shock resistance, and can adapt to the long-term repeated heat storage and release conditions of the system, extending the overall service life of the heat storage chamber 20 and providing a reliable heat reserve guarantee for the stable operation of the system. The specific structure of honeycomb thermal storage bricks is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the first fan 70 and the second fan 80 are variable frequency fans.

[0032] Specifically, variable frequency fans can dynamically change their speed by adjusting the motor's operating frequency, flexibly adapting to the airflow power requirements under different system operating conditions. For the first fan 70 located in the main hot air duct, when the solar collector 10 outputs hot air at a high temperature and the heat storage chamber 20 needs to store heat quickly, the frequency can be increased to accelerate the hot air delivery rate and shorten the heat storage time. When the heat storage chamber 20 is close to its rated temperature and the heat storage rate needs to be slowed down, the frequency can be decreased to reduce the speed, avoiding excessive hot air delivery and resulting in excessively high temperatures inside the chamber. For the second fan 80 located in the main heating duct, if the terminal heating room 30 needs to heat up quickly, the frequency can be increased to enhance the air supply intensity and accelerate the flow of hot air in the branch heating duct. If the indoor temperature is close to the preset value, the frequency can be decreased to weaken the air supply, reducing energy consumption while avoiding temperature fluctuations. In addition, variable frequency fans consume less energy than fixed frequency fans, and their operating noise decreases as the speed decreases. They can accurately match the dynamic needs of the system's heat storage and heating, while also taking into account energy saving and quiet operation, thus improving the overall cost-effectiveness of the system.

[0033] In one possible implementation, a bypass hot air pipe 90 is also connected between the hot air pipe and the main heating pipe, and a ventilation valve 60 is provided on the bypass hot air pipe 90. The controller 100 is connected to the ventilation valve 60 on the bypass hot air duct 90 to control the opening and closing of the bypass hot air duct 90.

[0034] Specifically, when the temperature of the thermal storage chamber 20 has met the rated energy storage requirements and no further thermal storage is needed, and the temperature of the hot air output by the solar collector 10 is sufficient to directly meet the heating needs of the terminals, the controller 100 will automatically control the ventilation valve 60 on the main hot air duct leading to the thermal storage chamber 20 to close based on the temperature data of the thermal storage chamber 20 fed back by the temperature sensor and the air outlet temperature data of the solar collector 10. At this time, the hot air heated by the solar collector 10 no longer enters the thermal storage chamber 20, but instead flows directly into the main heating pipe through the bypass hot air duct 90, and is then pushed to each terminal heating room 30 by the second fan 80. This eliminates the intermediate step of storing and then taking out the hot air in the thermal storage chamber 20, reducing heat loss during the thermal storage process. It also allows for full utilization of real-time solar energy in the "full" state of the thermal storage chamber 20, ensuring heating efficiency. At the same time, it avoids the thermal storage chamber 20 being in a high-temperature state for a long time, which would increase the insulation load and further improve the overall energy efficiency and operational flexibility of the system.

[0035] In one possible implementation, the temperature measuring device 40 further includes: Multiple fifth temperature sensors are provided, each of which is disposed in one of the terminal heating chambers 30, for detecting the temperature of the corresponding terminal heating chamber 30; The controller 100 controls the opening and closing of the ventilation valve 60 on the branch heating pipe in the corresponding terminal heating room 30 based on the temperature data from multiple fifth temperature sensors.

[0036] Specifically, the fifth temperature sensor in each terminal heating room 30 collects the actual indoor temperature in real time and transmits the data to the controller 100. When the temperature of a terminal heating room 30 is lower than the preset heating temperature, the controller 100 will control the ventilation valve 60 on the corresponding branch heating pipe of that terminal to open or increase its opening, allowing more hot air to enter the room to raise the temperature. If the temperature of the terminal heating room 30 is higher than the preset temperature, the controller 100 will control the ventilation valve 60 on the corresponding branch heating pipe to close or decrease its opening, reducing the input of hot air and avoiding overheating in the room. This not only meets the differentiated temperature requirements of different terminal heating rooms 30 (such as bedrooms, living rooms, and studies), but also avoids energy waste caused by some rooms continuing to supply energy even when the temperature meets the standard. This further improves the system's temperature control flexibility and energy efficiency, ensuring heating comfort in each area while reducing overall energy consumption.

[0037] In one possible implementation, the system further includes a distribution box, an inverter, and a photovoltaic panel; the distribution box is used to supply power to electrical equipment; the inverter is connected to the distribution box and the photovoltaic panel respectively, the photovoltaic panel is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy, and the inverter is used to convert the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic panel into electrical energy adapted to the distribution box and the electrical equipment, so as to realize the transmission and utilization of electrical energy.

[0038] Specifically, photovoltaic panels can directly absorb solar radiation and convert light energy into direct current (DC) to generate electricity. Since the fans, controllers 100, temperature measuring devices 40, and ventilation valves 60 on various pipes (all electrically powered devices) and distribution boxes in the system all require standard alternating current (AC) to operate, the inverter plays the role of power conversion, converting the DC output from the photovoltaic panels into suitable AC to ensure that the electricity can be directly supplied to these devices. As the core of power distribution, the distribution box will prioritize receiving and distributing the photovoltaic power transmitted by the inverter to power all electrical equipment, including ventilation valves 60, reducing dependence on the municipal power grid. Only when photovoltaic power is insufficient (such as insufficient sunlight or at night) will it be necessary to supplement power from the municipal power grid to ensure the continuous operation of equipment such as ventilation valves 60, fans, and controllers 100, and to avoid affecting heating or system operation switching due to power outages.

[0039] This application also provides a hot air solar thermal storage heating method, applied to the hot air solar thermal storage heating system described in this application, comprising: S1. When the temperature T2 of the thermal storage chamber 20 does not reach the rated energy storage temperature, and the difference between the outlet temperatures T1 and T2 of the solar collector 10 is greater than the first preset difference threshold: S11. Open the ventilation valve 60 on the hot air duct and control the first fan 70 to operate at a variable frequency to raise T2 to the rated energy storage temperature. S12. Based on the air temperature T4 in the main return air duct, determine whether to utilize waste heat: If T2-T4≤second preset difference threshold, open the main return air duct ventilation valve 60 to introduce waste heat air into the heat storage chamber to help increase T2; If T2-T4 > the second preset difference threshold, close the ventilation valve 60 on the main return air duct to prevent T2 from dropping; S13. Once T2 reaches the rated energy storage temperature, close the ventilation valve 60 on the hot air pipe and stop the first fan 70. S2. When the air inlet temperature T3 of the terminal heating room 30 is less than the preset temperature, and T1 < T3, T2 > T3: S21. Open the ventilation valves 60 on multiple branch heating pipes, close the ventilation valve 60 of the main return air pipe, control the second fan 80 to operate in frequency conversion, and deliver the hot air in the heat storage chamber 20 to the terminal heating room 30. S22. During the operation of the second fan 80, if T3 is higher than the preset temperature: Open the ventilation valve 60 on the cold air duct 50 and gradually adjust its opening until T3 drops to the preset temperature. Then fix the opening of the ventilation valve 60 on the cold air duct 50 at the current position. Continuously monitor T3: If T3 deviates from the preset temperature again, fine-tune the opening of the 50 ventilation valve in the cold air duct to 60 until T3 stabilizes again; Among them, T1 is obtained by the first temperature sensor 41, T2 is obtained by the second temperature sensor 42, T3 is obtained by the third temperature sensor 43, and T4 is obtained by the fourth temperature sensor.

[0040] Specifically, S1, the rated energy storage temperature of the thermal storage chamber 20 is preset in the system, and a first preset difference threshold is set between the outlet temperature T1 of the solar collector 10 and the temperature T2 of the thermal storage chamber 20 to ensure that the hot air has effective heat transfer capability and avoid low thermal storage efficiency due to too small a difference. The first temperature sensor 41 detects T1, and the second temperature sensor 42 detects T2. When the data fed back by the two sensors simultaneously meet the conditions of "T2 is less than the rated energy storage temperature" and "the difference between T1 and T2 exceeds the first preset difference threshold", the system replenishes heat to the thermal storage chamber 20 to ensure that the hot air currently output by the solar collector 10 can efficiently transfer heat, avoid meaningless equipment startup, reduce energy waste, balance heat transfer efficiency and energy consumption, and ensure that the thermal storage process starts on demand and operates efficiently. In this application, the rated energy storage temperature of the thermal storage chamber 20 is set to 85℃, and the first preset difference threshold between T1 and T2 is set to 20℃. In other embodiments, the values ​​can be adjusted according to the actual situation. S11. After the thermal storage mode is activated, firstly, the ventilation valve 60 on the hot air duct is opened to open the hot air transport path from the solar collector 10 to the thermal storage chamber 20. The ventilation valve 60 is kept open for 15 seconds. After the valve is fully closed and the airflow in the duct is initially stable, the first fan 70 is started and enters variable frequency operation mode. The first fan 70 adjusts its speed according to the real-time difference between T1 and T2 fed back by the first temperature sensor 41 and the second temperature sensor 42. When the difference between T1 and T2 is large, the speed of the first fan 70 is increased to accelerate the hot air transport speed, allowing the thermal storage chamber 20 to quickly absorb heat. As the temperature of the thermal storage chamber 20 rises, when the difference between T1 and T2 decreases, the fan speed is reduced to slow down the air supply speed. Throughout the process, T2 is continuously monitored to ensure that it does not exceed the preset rated energy storage temperature, preventing the thermal storage chamber 20 from overheating and damaging the internal heat storage material. Simultaneously, the fan energy consumption is reduced through speed adjustment. The variable frequency speed range of the first fan 70 is 15-50Hz. S12. A second preset difference threshold for the utilization of waste heat from return air is preset in the system. The fourth temperature sensor detects the return air temperature T4 in the main return air duct in real time and compares the T4 data with the T2 detected by the second temperature sensor 42. If the difference between T4 and T2 is less than or equal to the second preset difference threshold, it indicates that there is still a lot of residual heat in the return air. At this time, the ventilation valve 60 on the main return air duct is opened to introduce the return air into the heat storage chamber 20, which, together with the hot air delivered by the solar collector 10, heats the heat storage chamber 20. If the difference between T4 and T2 is greater than the second preset difference threshold, it indicates that the return air temperature is too low. After being introduced, it will absorb the heat in the heat storage chamber 20, causing T2 to drop. At this time, the ventilation valve 60 of the main return air duct is closed to block the return air passage, thereby maximizing the utilization of waste heat from the return air after terminal heat exchange, reducing the heat load of the solar collector 10, improving the heat utilization efficiency of the entire system, and avoiding the negative impact of low-temperature return air on the heat storage process. In this application, the second preset difference threshold for the utilization of waste heat from return air is set to 10℃. S13. When T2 reaches the preset rated energy storage temperature, the system simultaneously executes the following: closing the ventilation valve 60 on the hot air duct to cut off the passage between the solar collector and the heat storage chamber 20, preventing the continued input of hot air from the solar collector 10 that could cause T2 to exceed the rated value; stopping the operation of the first fan 70 to avoid idling and consuming electricity when there is no demand for heat storage; the heat storage chamber 20 maintains its internal temperature through the insulation layer on its inner wall, reducing heat loss and reserving a stable heat source for subsequent heating stages. This timely termination of the heat storage process prevents the heat storage chamber 20 from overheating, saves energy consumption, maintains the heat storage effect through the insulation layer, and ensures a sufficient heat supply for subsequent heating. S2. The system presets a target air intake temperature for the terminal heating chamber 30. This target air intake temperature matches the overall environment of the terminal heating chamber 30 to meet the human body's comfort temperature requirements in winter. Simultaneously, three core conditions for triggering the heating mode are defined, and all three conditions must be met simultaneously for activation. The first condition is "actual air intake temperature T3 of the terminal heating chamber 30 < preset target air intake temperature," where T3 is continuously detected by the third temperature sensor 43. This condition is used to determine whether the current temperature of the terminal is lower than the requirement, indicating a need for heating. The second condition is "air outlet temperature T1 of the solar collector 10 < T3," indicating that the current output temperature of the hot air from the solar collector 10 is lower than the actual air intake temperature of the terminal. Even if directly supplied, it cannot heat the terminal, thus losing its direct supply value. The third condition is "temperature T2 of the heat storage chamber 20 > T3," where T2 is continuously detected by the second temperature sensor 42. This condition ensures that the heat stored in the heat storage chamber 20 has the ability to heat the terminal and can serve as an effective heat source. When all three conditions are met, the system determines that the solar collector 10 cannot supply heat directly and the heat storage chamber 20 can meet the demand. Then, it triggers the heating mode of the heat storage chamber 20 and switches to the heating process with the heat storage chamber 20 as the heat source.

[0041] S21. After the heating mode of the heat storage chamber 20 is triggered, the ventilation valves 60 on the branch heating pipes corresponding to the multiple terminal heating rooms 30 are opened to open the hot air delivery channel between the heat storage chamber 20 and each terminal heating room 30, ensuring that the hot air in the heat storage chamber 20 is delivered to the terminal heating rooms 30; at the same time, the ventilation valve 60 on the main return air pipe is closed to prevent the low-temperature return air after the terminal heat exchange from entering the heat storage chamber 20, and to avoid the temperature of the heat storage chamber 20 being lowered by the return air, affecting the subsequent heating effect. The ventilation valves 60 on the branch heating pipes are kept open for 15 seconds. After the valves are fully open and the passage is stable, the second fan 80 is started and enters the variable frequency operation state. The speed is dynamically adjusted according to the difference between T3 and the preset target inlet air temperature: if the difference between T3 and the preset temperature is large (e.g., the difference exceeds 3℃), the fan speed is increased to accelerate the hot air delivery speed and shorten the terminal heating time; if T3 gradually approaches the preset temperature (e.g., the difference is reduced to within 1℃), the fan speed is reduced to slow down the hot air delivery rate and prevent the terminal temperature from rising suddenly and exceeding the temperature limit. Throughout the process, T2 and T3 data are continuously fed back to the system, providing a reference for fan speed adjustment and ensuring that the hot air delivery volume matches the terminal demand. Setpoints: When the difference between T3 and the preset target inlet air temperature (22℃) is >3℃, the second fan speed is set to 45Hz (approximately 1300 r / min); when the difference is <1℃, the second fan speed is set to 30Hz (approximately 850 r / min); the main heating pipe is set to a DN100 galvanized steel pipe to assist in adjusting the hot air temperature. Purpose: To ensure hot air delivery to the terminal by opening the branch heating pipe valves, and to prevent low-temperature return air from affecting the temperature of the heat storage chamber 20 by closing the main return air valve, combined with fan frequency conversion speed regulation, to achieve efficient and stable terminal heating.

[0042] S22. During the operation of the second fan 80, the system continuously monitors the actual air inlet temperature T3 of the terminal heating room 30 through the third temperature sensor 43. When T3 is found to be higher than the preset target air inlet temperature (e.g., T3=24℃, preset temperature=22℃), it is determined that the terminal has an overheating risk and the temperature fine-tuning process is initiated. First, the ventilation valve 60 on the cold air duct 50 is opened to introduce ambient air (e.g., ambient temperature 15-20℃). The ambient air is mixed with the hot air in the main heating pipe to achieve cooling. In the initial stage, the opening of the ventilation valve 60 on the cold air duct 50 is gradually adjusted, for example, slowly increasing from 0% to 30%, while observing the change of T3 in real time, until T3 drops to the preset target air inlet temperature. At this time, the opening of the ventilation valve 60 on the cold air duct 50 is fixed at the current position to maintain a stable hot and cold air mixing ratio. The system continuously monitors T3 via the third temperature sensor 43. If T3 deviates from the preset temperature again due to changes in the external environment (such as heat loss caused by opening the terminal door) or fluctuations in the hot air delivery (such as slight changes in fan speed) (such as dropping to 21℃ or rising to 23℃), the opening of the cold air duct 50 ventilation valve 60 is slightly adjusted (e.g., ±5%): when T3 is low, the opening is reduced to reduce the amount of ambient air introduced and increase the temperature of the mixed air; when T3 is high, the opening is increased to increase the amount of ambient air introduced and decrease the temperature of the mixed air, until T3 stabilizes again within the preset temperature range.

[0043] To address potential issues such as overheating or temperature fluctuations at the heating terminals, the system introduces ambient temperature air for precise regulation. This avoids temperature runaway caused by the delivery of only hot air, ensuring that the air intake temperature of the heating room remains stable within the preset range and improving heating comfort.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the hot air solar thermal storage heating method further includes: S3. When the temperature T2 of the thermal storage chamber 20 is the rated energy storage temperature, the air outlet temperature T1 of the solar collector 10 is greater than 28°C, and the air inlet temperature T3 of the terminal heating chamber 30 is less than the preset temperature: S31. Close the hot air duct ventilation valve 60 and the main return air duct ventilation valve 60, and open the ventilation valve 60 and the ventilation valves 60 on multiple branch heating pipes in sequence. S32. First, turn on the first fan 70 to deliver the hot air from the solar collector 10 to the main heating pipe through the bypass hot air pipe 90; then turn on the second fan 80 to deliver the hot air to the terminal heating room 30. S33. During operation, if T3 is higher than the preset temperature, open the ventilation valve 60 on the cold air duct 50 and gradually adjust its opening until T3 drops to the preset temperature, then fix the opening of the ventilation valve 60 on the cold air duct 50 at the current position. Specifically, in step S3, when the second temperature sensor 42 detects that the temperature T2 of the heat storage chamber 20 has reached the rated energy storage temperature, it indicates that heat storage is complete and the heat reserve is sufficient. The first temperature sensor 41 detects that the air outlet temperature T1 of the solar collector 10 is greater than 28°C, indicating that the real-time heat production temperature of the solar collector 10 is suitable for direct heating. Furthermore, the third temperature sensor 43 detects that the air inlet temperature T3 of the terminal heating room 30 is less than the preset temperature. This indicates that when the terminal needs heating, the system activates the solar collector 10 to produce heat directly for heating, temporarily deactivating the heat storage chamber 20 and reserving its stored heat for use when solar energy is insufficient. This prevents the heat in the heat storage chamber 20 from being consumed prematurely, ensuring that there is still stored heat available during periods of insufficient solar energy, such as nighttime or cloudy days, thus improving the reliability of the system's heating.

[0045] S31. After the mode is triggered, firstly, close the hot air duct ventilation valve 60 to cut off the path from the solar collector 10 to the heat storage chamber 20, preventing the heat storage chamber 20 from continuing to be heated after reaching the rated temperature, which would cause overheating. At the same time, prevent real-time hot air from mixing with the stored heat, which would result in waste. Close the main return air duct ventilation valve 60 to prevent the low-temperature return air after terminal heat exchange from entering the system, which would reduce the temperature of the direct hot air supplied by the solar collector 10 or affect the heat storage chamber 20's insulation. Then, open the ventilation valves 60 in sequence to open the independent path between the solar collector 10 and the main heating pipe, allowing the real-time hot air to bypass the heat storage chamber 20 and directly enter the main heating pipe and the branch heating pipe ventilation valves 60. Keep the branch heating pipe ventilation valves 60 open for 15 seconds. After the path is completely unobstructed, start the first fan 70 and the second fan 80 in sequence according to the S32 procedure to divert the hot air from the main heating pipe to each terminal, completely isolating it from the heat storage chamber 20.

[0046] S32: After the channel switching is completed, first turn on the first fan 70 to pump the real-time hot air generated by the solar collector 10 into the bypass hot air pipe 90, ensuring that the hot air has sufficient pressure to enter the main heating pipe; after the hot air circulation in the main heating pipe is stable, turn on the second fan 80, which will use its power to evenly distribute the hot air to each branch heating pipe, and finally deliver it to the terminal heating room 30. The two fans coordinate to adjust the speed: when T1 is high (e.g., >50℃), the first fan 70 appropriately reduces the speed to reduce the delivery volume to avoid overheating of the terminal; when T3 has a large difference from the preset temperature, the second fan 80 increases the speed to increase the air volume and accelerate the heating of the terminal. Setting values: the speed range of the first fan 70 is 15-40Hz (adapting to T1 fluctuations), and the second fan 80 is set to 45Hz (approximately 1300r / min) when T3 < 19℃, and 30Hz (approximately 850r / min) when T3 ≥ 19℃. Objective: Through coordinated control of fans, ensure that real-time hot air can be efficiently delivered to the terminal and that the delivery volume can be dynamically adjusted according to temperature conditions. While prioritizing the use of real-time energy, ensure heating stability and meet current needs without relying on the thermal storage chamber 20.

[0047] S33 and the third temperature sensor 43 continuously monitor T3. If T3 > 22℃, the cold air duct 50 and ventilation valve 60 are opened to introduce ambient temperature air, which mixes with the hot air directly supplied by the solar collector 10 for cooling. Initially, the opening degree is adjusted according to the T3 over-temperature range (e.g., 20% for a 2℃ over-temperature, 30% for a 3℃ over-temperature) until T3 drops to 22℃, at which point the opening degree is fixed. When T3 fluctuates (e.g., ±0.5℃), the opening degree is finely adjusted (±3%) to maintain stability. Throughout the entire process, the related equipment in the thermal storage chamber 20 is not activated; the system relies entirely on real-time solar energy and ambient temperature air for regulation. Specifically, when T3 over-temperature is ≥2℃, the initial opening degree is set to 30%. Temperature stability is achieved through the real-time coordination of energy and ambient air.

[0048] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hot air solar thermal storage heating system, characterized in that, include: A solar collector for heating air flowing through its interior; A heat storage chamber is connected to the solar collector via a main hot air duct. The heat storage chamber is used to store the hot air heated by the solar collector. Multiple terminal heating rooms are provided, each terminal heating room is provided with a branch heating pipe, the air inlet of each branch heating pipe is connected to the heat storage chamber through a main heating pipe; the air outlet of each branch heating pipe is connected to a branch return air pipe, and each branch return air pipe is connected to the heat storage chamber through a main return air pipe; each branch heating pipe and each branch return air pipe are installed in the terminal heating room; The temperature measuring device includes a first temperature sensor installed at the air outlet of the solar collector, a second temperature sensor installed on the heat storage chamber, a third temperature sensor installed on the main heating pipe, and a fourth temperature sensor installed on the main return air pipe. The air inlet of the air duct is connected to the external environment, and the air outlet of the air duct is connected to the main heating pipe. Multiple ventilation valves are provided, each corresponding to a duct, and each ventilation valve is used to control the opening and closing of the corresponding duct. A controller is connected to multiple temperature sensors and multiple ventilation valves respectively. The controller is used to control the opening and closing of multiple ventilation valves based on the temperature data measured by the temperature sensors. The hot air duct is equipped with a first fan, which is used to draw out the air heated by the solar collector; the main heating duct is equipped with a second fan, which is used to transport the hot air in the heat storage chamber to multiple terminal heating rooms; the air outlet of the cold air duct is located between the second fan and the third temperature sensor; the controller is also connected to the first fan and the second fan.

2. The hot air solar thermal storage heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar collector uses a double-pass hot air solar heat pipe.

3. The hot air solar thermal storage heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat storage chamber is equipped with high-density honeycomb heat storage bricks.

4. The hot air solar thermal storage heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first fan and the second fan are variable frequency fans.

5. The hot air solar thermal storage heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A bypass hot air pipe is also connected between the hot air pipe and the main heating pipe, and a ventilation valve is installed on the bypass hot air pipe; The controller is connected to the ventilation valve on the bypass hot air duct to control the opening and closing of the bypass hot air duct.

6. The hot air solar thermal storage heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature measuring device further includes: Multiple fifth temperature sensors, each of which is correspondingly installed in one of the terminal heating chambers, are used to detect the temperature of the corresponding terminal heating chamber; The controller controls the opening and closing of the ventilation valve on the heating pipe in the corresponding terminal heating room based on the temperature data from multiple fifth temperature sensors.

7. The hot air solar thermal storage heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a distribution box, an inverter, and a photovoltaic panel; the distribution box is used to supply power to electrical equipment; the inverter is connected to the distribution box and the photovoltaic panel respectively, the photovoltaic panel is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy, and the inverter is used to convert the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic panel into electrical energy suitable for the distribution box and electrical equipment, so as to realize the transmission and utilization of electrical energy.

8. A method for hot air solar energy storage and heating, characterized in that, The heating method, applied to the hot air solar thermal storage heating system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprises: S1. When the temperature of the thermal storage chamber T2 does not reach the rated energy storage temperature, and the difference between the solar collector outlet temperatures T1 and T2 is greater than the first preset difference threshold: S11. Open the ventilation valve on the hot air duct and control the first fan to operate at a variable frequency to raise T2 to the rated energy storage temperature; S12. Based on the air temperature T4 in the main return air duct, determine whether to utilize waste heat: If T2-T4≤second preset difference threshold, open the main return air duct ventilation valve to introduce waste heat air into the heat storage chamber to help increase T2; If T2-T4 > the second preset difference threshold, close the ventilation valve on the main return air duct to prevent T2 from dropping; S13. Once T2 reaches the rated energy storage temperature, close the ventilation valve on the hot air duct and stop the first fan; S2. When the air inlet temperature T3 of the terminal heating room is less than the preset temperature, and T1 < T3, T2 > T3: S21. Open the ventilation valves on multiple branch heating pipes, close the ventilation valve on the main return air pipe, control the second fan to operate in variable frequency mode, and deliver the hot air in the heat storage chamber to the terminal heating room. S22. During the operation of the second fan, if T3 is higher than the preset temperature: Open the ventilation valve on the cold air duct and gradually adjust its opening until T3 drops to the preset temperature. Then fix the opening of the ventilation valve on the cold air duct at the current position. Continuously monitor T3: If T3 deviates from the preset temperature again, fine-tune the opening of the cold air duct ventilation valve until T3 stabilizes again; Among them, T1 is obtained by the first temperature sensor, T2 is obtained by the second temperature sensor, T3 is obtained by the third temperature sensor, and T4 is obtained by the fourth temperature sensor.

9. The hot air solar thermal storage heating method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: S3. When the temperature of the thermal storage chamber T2 is the rated energy storage temperature, the temperature of the solar collector outlet T1 is greater than 28°C, and the air inlet temperature of the terminal heating room T3 is less than the preset temperature: S31. Close the ventilation valve of the hot air duct and the ventilation valve of the main return air duct, and open the ventilation valves and the ventilation valves on multiple branch heating pipes in sequence. S32. First, turn on the first fan to deliver the hot air from the solar collector to the main heating pipe through the bypass hot air pipe; then turn on the second fan to deliver the hot air to the terminal heating room. S33. During operation, if T3 is higher than the preset temperature, open the ventilation valve on the cold air duct and gradually adjust its opening until T3 drops to the preset temperature, then fix the opening of the cold air duct ventilation valve at the current position.

Images