Blast hole filling device and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to a filling device for a blast hole and a construction method, the device comprises a barrel and a control assembly, the barrel is provided with a first containing cavity and a second containing cavity, the first containing cavity is suitable for containing an expansion body, and the second containing cavity is suitable for containing a liquid medium. The control assembly is arranged in the barrel and suitable for controlling connection and disconnection between the first containing cavity and the second containing cavity. Under the action of external force, the control assembly controls the second containing cavity to be opened, the liquid medium and the expansion body to be mixed, the expansion body expands in the barrel in the radial direction after absorbing the liquid medium, the barrel is filled with the expansion body, the barrel is expanded in the radial direction to be completely attached to the inner wall of a blast hole, and therefore explosion gas is effectively prevented from overflowing from the blast hole; the action time of blasting gas on rocks is prolonged, explosive energy is fully utilized, the blasting effect is enhanced, the utilization rate of the explosive energy is effectively increased, the charging height in the hole can be reduced to a certain extent, and the explosive consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of blasting engineering technology, and in particular to a tamping device and construction method for blast holes. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demand for rock mass engineering construction in my country, engineering blasting technology has rapidly developed in water conservancy, railway, and mining projects. Hole plugging is a crucial step in drill-and-blast construction. The quality of hole plugging significantly impacts the detonation pressure within the hole, particularly the duration and efficiency of the explosive gas pressure. Statistics show that if the hole is not plugged or the plugging quality is poor, 30% to 55% of the explosive energy will be wasted by escaping from the hole opening during detonation. Due to the presence of the plug, the explosive detonation instantly generates high-temperature, high-pressure explosive gas. During the transport of this gas towards the hole opening, it is subject to inertial resistance from the plug and frictional resistance between the plug and the hole wall. Therefore, the greater the density and compactness of the plugging device within the hole, the greater the frictional force between the plug and the hole wall, resulting in a longer duration of action of the explosive gas within the hole. This leads to higher explosive energy utilization, reduces the harmful effects of air shock waves, and improves the overall quality of rock mass blasting.

[0003] Existing methods for plugging blast holes mostly involve tamping together loose materials such as stemming, rock cuttings, or loess. These methods often fail to effectively guarantee the compactness and tightness of the plugging, and the frictional resistance between the plugging device and the borehole wall is relatively low, resulting in poor overall plugging quality. These methods suffer from drawbacks to varying degrees, including low plugging efficiency, complex construction operations, and high costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a blast hole tamping device and construction method to address the problems of low tamping efficiency and complex construction operations caused by poor tamping quality.

[0005] This application provides a tamping device for boreholes, including a cylindrical body and a control assembly. The cylindrical body has a first receiving cavity and a second receiving cavity. The first receiving cavity is adapted to receive an expansion body, and the second receiving cavity is adapted to receive a liquid medium. The control assembly is disposed within the cylindrical body and is adapted to control the connection and disconnection between the first and second receiving cavities.

[0006] Under the action of external force, the control component controls the second accommodating cavity to open, the liquid medium mixes with the expander, the expander absorbs the liquid medium and expands, driving the cylinder to abut against the inner wall of the borehole.

[0007] In one embodiment, the expander includes an expandable bag and an expandable medium, the expandable medium being filled inside the expandable bag, and the expandable bag defining the expansion direction and maximum expansion ratio of the expandable medium.

[0008] In one embodiment, a cover assembly is further included, which is sleeved on the outside of the cylinder, and the cylinder is interference-fitted with the borehole through the cover assembly.

[0009] In one embodiment, the length of the fully expanded body is 4 to 6 times the diameter of the borehole, the minimum length of the fully expanded body is 50 cm, and the diameter of the fully expanded body is 1.2 to 1.4 times the diameter of the borehole.

[0010] In one embodiment, the wall of the first receiving cavity is made of a multi-layered flexible material, and the wall of the second receiving cavity is made of a flexible material.

[0011] In one embodiment, the wall of the first receiving cavity is a water-permeable woven structure, the expansion bag is a bag structure made of non-woven fabric, and the wall of the second receiving cavity is a water-resistant flexible structure.

[0012] In one embodiment, the expansion medium includes superabsorbent polymer (SAP), quicklime, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, fly ash, gypsum powder, borax, foaming agent, polystyrene foam, and thickener.

[0013] The composition of the product is as follows: high molecular weight polyethylene water-absorbing resin accounts for 88.7%, quicklime accounts for 3.3%, diatomaceous earth accounts for 1.7%, bentonite accounts for 2.3%, fly ash accounts for 1.7%, gypsum powder accounts for 0.7%, borax accounts for 0.3%, foaming agent accounts for 0.2%, polystyrene foam accounts for 0.9%, and thickener accounts for 0.2%.

[0014] In one embodiment, the amount of liquid medium stored in the second containment cavity is not less than the saturated water absorption capacity of the expansion body in the first containment cavity.

[0015] This application also provides a construction method for a borehole tamping device, wherein the borehole tamping device is the aforementioned borehole tamping device, and further includes the following steps:

[0016] Based on the length of the plugging section and the diameter of the borehole, determine the diameter and length of the expander after full expansion, and determine the filling depth of the cylinder;

[0017] The amount of liquid medium stored in the second accommodating cavity is determined based on the diameter and length of the expanded body after it has fully expanded.

[0018] The expander is placed into the first receiving cavity, and the second receiving cavity is filled with a liquid medium. The controlled component is connected to the second receiving cavity to ensure that the longitudinal axis of the expander after expansion is parallel to the hole wall.

[0019] After the blast hole is filled with explosives, the filled cylinder is placed along the blast hole to the set filling depth using a graduated ruler rod, and the control end of the control component is left outside the blast hole.

[0020] Pulling the control end of the control component located outside the borehole opens the second receiving cavity, releasing the liquid medium that comes into contact with the expansion body. The expansion body absorbs the liquid medium and expands, laterally squeezing the inner wall of the cylinder to make it abut against the inner wall of the borehole.

[0021] In one embodiment, after the borehole is filled with explosives, the filled cylinder is placed along the borehole to the set filling depth using a graduated ruler, and before the control end of the control component remains outside the borehole, the method further includes:

[0022] A cover assembly is provided outside the cylindrical body;

[0023] After the borehole is filled with explosives, the filled cylinder is placed along the borehole to the set filling depth using a graduated ruler. Following the step of leaving the control end of the control component outside the borehole, the process further includes:

[0024] For downward blast holes, if there is still space for filling near the hole opening, fill the empty part between the cylinder and the hole opening with rock debris.

[0025] For upward blast holes, several blast hole filling devices are installed along the blast hole filling section according to the filling quality requirements.

[0026] The aforementioned borehole plugging device utilizes a first and second accommodating cavity to independently contain the liquid medium and the expanding body. Simultaneously, the cylinder abuts against the inner wall of the borehole, sealing it. The first and second accommodating cavities independently contain the expanding body and the liquid medium, releasing the liquid medium under the control of the control components to facilitate mixing. The expanding body absorbs the liquid medium and expands radially along the cylinder. This radial expansion fills the cylinder, stretching it radially until it completely conforms to the inner wall of the borehole, creating a tight plugging effect that effectively prevents explosive gases from escaping from the borehole. This prolongs the time the explosive gases interact with the rock, ensuring full utilization of the explosive energy and enhancing the blasting effect. It effectively improves the energy utilization rate of the explosive and, to some extent, reduces the charge height within the borehole, saving explosive usage. It can adapt to various borehole plugging conditions on-site, such as upward borehole plugging, downward borehole plugging, and segmented charge plugging within the borehole.

[0027] The construction method for the aforementioned borehole plugging device ensures controlled expansion by pre-determining the size of the expanding body and the amount of liquid medium, avoiding under-expansion or over-expansion. After absorbing the liquid medium, the expanding body rapidly expands, laterally compressing the cylinder and ensuring a tight seal between the cylinder and the borehole wall, guaranteeing a tight seal and stability. This construction method is simple and easy to operate, allowing for quick and accurate placement of the plugging device into the borehole and initiation of the expansion process, making it suitable for various field conditions. The plugging device is rationally designed, with the expanding body providing sufficient support after expansion to ensure the stability of the plugging body within the borehole, improving the safety and effectiveness of blasting operations. It can effectively increase the energy utilization rate of explosives and, to some extent, reduce the charge height within the borehole, saving explosives. Furthermore, this construction method can adapt to various borehole plugging conditions on site, such as upward borehole plugging, downward borehole plugging, and segmented charge plugging within the borehole.

[0028] The construction method for the aforementioned tamping device for blast holes utilizes readily available and relatively inexpensive materials, ensuring material availability and ease of production. This significantly reduces the manufacturing and construction costs of the tamping device, making the overall construction more economical and efficient. During construction, operators can flexibly adjust the charge height and tamping length according to site conditions to ensure optimal tamping results. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a tamping device for blast holes provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of borehole filling construction provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of borehole filling construction provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of borehole filling construction provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of borehole filling construction provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the segmented charging and plugging construction process inside an upward blast hole, provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the segmented charging and plugging construction of a downward blast hole, provided as an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0037] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0038] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0039] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0040] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0041] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0042] See Figure 1 An embodiment of the present invention provides a tamping device for boreholes, comprising a cylinder and a control assembly. The cylinder has a first receiving cavity and a second receiving cavity. The first receiving cavity is adapted to receive an expandable body, and the second receiving cavity is adapted to receive a liquid medium. The control assembly is disposed within the cylinder and is adapted to control the opening and closing of the first and second receiving cavities. Under the action of an external force, the control assembly controls the second receiving cavity to open, the liquid medium mixes with the expandable body, and the expandable body expands after absorbing the liquid medium, driving the cylinder to abut against the inner wall of the borehole.

[0043] In this embodiment, the cylinder independently accommodates the liquid medium and the expanding body by providing a first and a second accommodating cavity. Simultaneously, the cylinder also abuts against the inner wall of the borehole, sealing the borehole. The first and second accommodating cavities independently accommodate the expanding body and the liquid medium, and release the liquid medium under the control of the control component to allow for mixing. After absorbing the liquid medium, the expanding body expands in a predetermined direction, primarily radially within the cylinder in this embodiment. Through radial expansion, the expanding body fills the interior of the cylinder, expanding it radially until it completely conforms to the inner wall of the borehole, exerting a squeezing effect on the surrounding borehole walls and creating a tight packing effect. This effectively prevents the explosive gas from escaping from the borehole, prolongs the action time of the explosive gas on the rock, fully utilizes the explosive energy, enhances the blasting effect, effectively improves the energy utilization rate of the explosive, and to some extent reduces the charge height within the borehole, saving explosive usage. In addition, the above-mentioned blast hole plugging device can adapt to various blast hole plugging conditions on site, such as upward blast hole plugging, downward blast hole plugging, and segmented charging plugging in the hole.

[0044] In one embodiment, the expander includes an expandable bag and an expandable medium. The expandable medium fills the expandable bag, and the expandable bag limits the expansion direction and maximum expansion ratio of the expandable medium. Specifically, in this embodiment, the expandable bag presets the maximum expansion volume of the expandable medium, wherein the reserved expansion space along the axial direction is much smaller than the expansion space along the radial direction. After absorbing water and expanding, the expander first fills the expandable bag in the axial direction, and then continues to expand in the radial direction until the expandable bag is completely filled. The expandable bag limits the expansion direction and maximum expansion ratio of the expandable medium by reserving space, ensuring that the main expansion direction of the expandable medium is the radial direction of the cylinder, thereby increasing the driving force for the radial deformation of the cylinder, thus improving the fit and sealing effect between the cylinder and the inner wall of the borehole. The expandable bag presets the maximum expansion volume of the expandable medium, that is, the maximum expansion degree allowed by the filling device. This helps to control the expansion range of the filling device during the filling process and avoids over-expansion during the expansion process, which could lead to failure of the filling device or uneven filling.

[0045] In one embodiment, a cover assembly is further included, which is sleeved on the outside of the cylinder, and the cylinder is interference-fitted with the borehole through the cover assembly. Specifically, in this embodiment, the cover assembly is made of a flexible material, and its main function is to provide friction with the borehole wall to prevent the cylinder from sliding downwards under gravity. The cover assembly is sleeved on the outside of the cylinder of the filling device, and its main function is to provide friction with the borehole wall to prevent the filling device from sliding downwards under gravity. Through the interference fit with the borehole, the cover assembly can effectively fix the filling device inside the borehole, maintaining the stability and reliability of the filling device.

[0046] In one embodiment, the fully expanded length of the expander is 4 to 6 times the borehole diameter, with a minimum length of 50 cm, and the fully expanded diameter is 1.2 to 1.4 times the borehole diameter. Limiting the length of the expander allows it to adapt to boreholes of varying depths, ensuring the reliability and stability of the packing effect. The 1.2 to 1.4 times borehole diameter diameter of the fully expanded packing device ensures that the cylinder, driven by the expander, can fully conform to the borehole wall, achieving a good packing effect and providing sufficient support to prevent the packing device from moving or falling out of the borehole.

[0047] In one embodiment, the walls of both the first and second receiving cavities are made of a multi-layered flexible material. By using flexible materials for both the first and second receiving cavity walls, the flexibility of the space within the cylinder is improved, allowing for better adaptation to the expanded body and preventing interference during its expansion. The multi-layered structure of the first receiving cavity wall increases its structural strength, making it more durable and robust. After the expanded body expands, the pressure on the first receiving cavity wall increases; the multi-layered structure disperses this pressure, reducing the risk of wall rupture due to pressure concentration, thereby protecting the integrity and stability of the expanded body.

[0048] In one embodiment, the wall of the first receiving cavity is a water-permeable woven structure, the expansion bag is a non-woven fabric bag structure, and the wall of the second receiving cavity is a water-resistant flexible structure. The water-permeable woven structure of the first receiving cavity wall allows liquid media to enter the cavity through the wall, facilitating full contact between the liquid media and the expansion medium, promoting water absorption and expansion of the expansion body, and allowing excess liquid media to drain through the wall, preventing pressure buildup or excessively rapid increase in hydraulic pressure inside the filling body. The expansion bag, as the container for the expansion medium, uses a non-woven fabric bag structure. Non-woven fabric typically has good water permeability and flexibility, effectively containing the expansion medium and providing good support and stability during expansion. It should be noted that the non-woven fabric bag structure used in this expansion bag is also a multi-layer design to improve the structural strength of the bag and prevent the expansion medium from scattering due to bag rupture. Scattered expansion medium weakens the expansion force, thus affecting the sealing effect between the cylinder and the borehole. The wall of the second receiving cavity adopts a water-resistant flexible structure, which effectively controls the flow direction of the liquid medium in the second receiving cavity, preventing the liquid medium from entering the first receiving cavity prematurely, and maintaining the stability and expansion effect of the packing body. By using different materials and structural designs for the walls of the first and second receiving cavities, the flow control of the liquid medium and the expansion effect are optimized, ensuring the stability and reliability of the packing body when filling the borehole.

[0049] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first receiving cavity can be a woven bag structure, fitted over the outside of a non-woven fabric expansion bag. The second receiving cavity can be a water-filled plastic bag with an opening. The control component can be a rope buckle at the opening, and pulling the unhooking rope serves as the control end of the control component, thereby controlling the opening and closing of the second receiving cavity. It should be noted that this application does not limit the specific materials or structures of the first receiving cavity, the second receiving cavity, and the expansion bag, as long as the desired effect is achieved. The materials used in this embodiment are readily available and relatively inexpensive, ensuring material availability and ease of production, significantly reducing the manufacturing and construction costs of the packing device, making the overall construction more economical and efficient. During construction, operators can flexibly adjust the charge height and packing length according to the site conditions to ensure the best packing effect.

[0050] In one embodiment, the expansion medium includes superabsorbent polymer (SAP), quicklime, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, fly ash, gypsum powder, borax, foaming agent, polystyrene foam, and thickener.

[0051] The composition of the product is as follows: high molecular weight polyethylene water-absorbing resin accounts for 88.7%, quicklime accounts for 3.3%, diatomaceous earth accounts for 1.7%, bentonite accounts for 2.3%, fly ash accounts for 1.7%, gypsum powder accounts for 0.7%, borax accounts for 0.3%, foaming agent accounts for 0.2%, polystyrene foam accounts for 0.9%, and thickener accounts for 0.2%.

[0052] Specifically, in this embodiment, high molecular weight polyethylene water-absorbing resin is the main component of the expansion medium. It has extremely high water absorption capacity, can quickly absorb liquid medium and expand, ensuring that the filler can effectively fill the borehole. Quicklime is a heat-generating component that releases heat when it comes into contact with water, promoting the rapid reaction of the expansion medium. In this embodiment, the quicklime needs to be controlled by a heat-retarding agent (diatomaceous earth) to avoid damaging the water-absorbing resin.

[0053] Diatomaceous earth acts as a temperature retarder, preventing quicklime from heating up too quickly upon contact with water, ensuring a slow and uniform temperature rise, and avoiding damage to other components due to excessively high temperatures, thus protecting the absorbent resin. Bentonite possesses certain expansibility and lubricity, reducing friction between components during the expansion process, and also providing additional expansion effect and structural support.

[0054] The primary function of fly ash is as an activator, promoting the reaction of other components. Its solid particles provide the skeletal structure of the expanded body, enhancing its overall strength and stability. Gypsum powder provides a curing effect, increasing the overall strength of the expanded body and ensuring the stability and robustness of the expanded filler. Borax acts as a retarder, controlling the setting rate of the gypsum powder to prevent it from setting too quickly, ensuring the filler maintains a certain degree of fluidity during expansion, facilitating uniform filling.

[0055] The main function of the foaming agent is to generate foam, increase the volume of the expanded body, and reduce the overall density, thereby allowing the filler to better fill the borehole space after expansion. Polystyrene foam, as a solid filler material, provides initial volume support. It also saves on the amount of absorbent resin used while ensuring the filler has a certain volume before expansion. Thickeners are used to improve the foaming effect of the foaming agent, making the generated foam more stable and uniform, ensuring the expanded body maintains a good structure and shape during water absorption and expansion.

[0056] In this embodiment, through the precise proportioning and reasonable combination of the above components, the expansion medium can form a stable, uniform, and appropriately strong expansion body after absorbing water and expanding, ensuring its filling effect and service life in the borehole. The above proportions fully consider the various physical and chemical requirements of the packing material during use, ensuring its optimal performance.

[0057] In one embodiment, the amount of liquid medium stored in the second receiving cavity is not less than the saturated water absorption capacity of the expander in the first receiving cavity. This ensures that the packing device has sufficient liquid medium for absorption during the filling process, maintaining the stability and reliability of the packing device and preventing incomplete expansion or uneven filling due to insufficient liquid medium.

[0058] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a construction method for a borehole tamping device, wherein the borehole tamping device is the aforementioned borehole tamping device, and further includes the following steps:

[0059] Based on the length of the plugging section and the diameter of the borehole, determine the diameter and length of the expander after full expansion, and determine the filling depth of the cylinder;

[0060] The amount of liquid medium stored in the second containment cavity is determined based on the diameter and length of the expanded body after full expansion.

[0061] The expander is placed into the first receiving cavity, and the liquid medium is filled into the second receiving cavity. The controlled component is connected to the second receiving cavity to ensure that the longitudinal axis of the expander after expansion is parallel to the hole wall.

[0062] After the blast hole is filled with explosives, place the filled cylinder along the blast hole to the set filling depth using a graduated ruler rod, and leave the control end of the control component outside the blast hole.

[0063] Pulling the control end of the control component located outside the borehole opens the second receiving cavity, releasing the liquid medium that comes into contact with the expansion body. The expansion body absorbs the liquid medium and expands, laterally squeezing the inner wall of the cylinder to make it come into contact with the inner wall of the borehole.

[0064] The construction method for the borehole plugging device provided in this embodiment ensures controlled expansion by pre-determining the size of the expanding body and the amount of liquid medium, avoiding under-expansion or over-expansion. After absorbing the liquid medium, the expanding body rapidly expands, laterally compressing the cylinder to ensure tight contact between the cylinder and the inner wall of the borehole, guaranteeing a sealing effect and stability. This construction method is simple and easy to operate, enabling rapid and accurate placement of the plugging device into the borehole and initiation of the expansion process, making it suitable for on-site construction conditions. The plugging device is rationally designed, with the expanding body providing sufficient support after expansion to ensure the stability of the plugging body within the borehole, improving the safety and effectiveness of blasting operations. It can effectively increase the energy utilization rate of explosives and, to some extent, reduce the charge height within the borehole, saving explosive usage. Furthermore, this construction method can adapt to various borehole plugging conditions on-site, such as upward borehole plugging, downward borehole plugging, and segmented charge plugging within the borehole.

[0065] In one embodiment, before the borehole is filled with explosives, the filled cylinder is placed along the borehole to a set filling depth using a graduated ruler, and before the control end of the control component remains outside the borehole, the method further includes:

[0066] A covering assembly is installed on the outer casing of the cylinder;

[0067] After the borehole is filled with explosives, the filled cylinder is placed along the borehole to the set filling depth using a graduated ruler, and the control end of the control component remains outside the borehole. The process also includes:

[0068] For downward blast holes, if there is still space for filling near the hole opening, fill the empty space between the cylinder and the hole opening with rock cuttings and waste.

[0069] For upward blast holes, several blast hole filling devices are installed along the blast hole filling section according to the filling quality requirements.

[0070] The following section provides a more detailed explanation of the construction method of the tamping device for blast holes provided in the above embodiments, using specific application scenarios and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0071] Application Scenario 1

[0072] Plunging of vertical blast holes in downward drilling in open-pit mines

[0073] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in an open-pit coal mine, the drill-and-blast method is used to excavate the hard rock layer overlying the coal seam. The blast holes are drilled vertically downwards from the ground, with a diameter of 138 mm and a depth of 16 m. The length of the mixed emulsion explosive charge is 11 m, the plugging section is 3 m long, and a 2 m long air column is left between the plugging section and the explosive charge. The construction method follows these steps:

[0074] Step 1: Determine the position and diameter of the expansion body based on the length of the blockage section and the diameter of the borehole. The bottom of the expansion body is 2m from the borehole opening. The diameter of the expansion body is 16cm and the length is 70cm. The outer bag of the expansion medium, i.e. the first receiving cavity, is a plastic woven bag, and the inner bag, i.e. the expansion bag, is a non-woven bag. The expansion medium is a composite material made by uniformly mixing high molecular weight polyethylene water-absorbing resin, quicklime, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, fly ash, gypsum powder, borax, foaming agent, polystyrene foam and thickener.

[0075] Step 2: Prepare a regular plastic bag for holding water (the second containment chamber) and fill it with water, just enough to meet the saturation absorption capacity of the expansion body. Tie the opening of the plastic bag with a regular hemp rope to form a slipknot, leaving enough length at the other end of the rope to be used as an untying rope to release the water from the plastic bag.

[0076] Step 3: Place the expander and the water-filled plastic bag together into the larger cylindrical plastic tube (the tube itself). A plastic sleeve is fitted over the outside of the tube, creating friction between the sleeve and the wall of the hole. Under external force, the tube with the sleeve can move smoothly within the hole. When the external force is removed, the tube remains stationary. After installation, seal the tube, ensuring the sealed end always faces upwards. Pass the other end of the untying rope through the sealed end, leaving a sufficient length outside the hole.

[0077] Step 4: After loading the propellant, use a gun rod (scale rod) of a certain length with size markings to slowly push the assembled cylindrical plastic tube to the designated filling position; retract the scale rod, and the plastic tube with the plastic sleeve can remain stable under the action of friction between the outer side and the borehole wall.

[0078] Step 5: By pulling the release rope left outside the borehole, the water in the water-filled plastic bag (the second containment chamber) is released. The expander then fully absorbs water to achieve optimal expansion. Once fully expanded, the expander presses against the surrounding borehole walls, creating a good self-locking seal, thus completing the borehole filling.

[0079] Step 6: Fill the empty space between the tamping material and the borehole opening with rock cuttings and waste materials. This completes the tamping operation for one borehole.

[0080] Application Scenario 2

[0081] Filling blast holes when drilling upwards in underground mines

[0082] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in a certain underground metal mine, during a large-scale blasting operation, vertical boreholes were drilled upwards. The borehole diameter was 76mm, the borehole depth was 8m, the length of the viscous granular explosive charge was 5m, the plugging section length was 2m, and a 1m long air column was left between the plugging section and the explosive charge. The plugging construction method adopted the following steps:

[0083] Step 1: Determine the location and diameter of the expansion body based on the length of the blockage section and the diameter of the borehole. The bottom of the expansion body is 2m from the borehole opening, the diameter of the expansion body is 90mm, and the length is 50cm. The outer cylindrical bag is a plastic woven bag, and the inner bag is a non-woven bag. The water-absorbing composite expansion agent is a composite material made by uniformly mixing high molecular weight polyethylene water-absorbing resin, quicklime, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, fly ash, gypsum powder, borax, foaming agent, polystyrene foam, and thickener.

[0084] Step 2: Prepare a regular plastic bag (the second containment chamber) and fill it with water, ensuring the water level is just enough to meet the saturation absorption capacity of the expansion body. Tie the opening of the plastic bag with a regular hemp rope to form a slipknot, leaving enough length at the other end of the rope to be used as an untying rope to release the water from the plastic bag.

[0085] Step 3: Place the expander and the water-filled plastic bag together into the larger cylindrical plastic tube (the tube body). The outside of the plastic tube is fitted with a plastic sleeve. The plastic tube with the sleeve can move smoothly along the borehole under external force, and when the external force is removed, the plastic tube with the sleeve remains stationary. After loading, seal the plastic tube and leave the other end of the untying rope outside the hole a sufficient length.

[0086] Step 4: After loading the propellant, use a gun rod (scale rod) of a certain length with size markings to slowly push the assembled cylindrical plastic tube with a plastic sleeve to the designated filling position; retract the scale rod, and the plastic tube can remain stable under the action of friction between the outer plastic sleeve and the hole wall.

[0087] Step 5: By pulling the release rope left outside the borehole, the water in the water-filled plastic bag (the second containment chamber) is released. The expander then fully absorbs water to achieve optimal expansion. Once fully expanded, the expander presses against the surrounding borehole walls, creating a good self-locking seal, thus completing the borehole filling.

[0088] Application Scenario 3

[0089] Segmented charging inside the blast hole

[0090] The construction steps for segmented sealing of downward and upward blast holes are the same as those in Scenario 1 and Scenario 2, respectively, with only the sealing location differing. Specific construction operation diagrams are shown below. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown.

[0091] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0092] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A tamping device for boreholes, characterized in that, include: A cylindrical body having a first receiving cavity and a second receiving cavity, the first receiving cavity being adapted to receive an expansion body and the second receiving cavity being adapted to receive a liquid medium; A control component is disposed within the cylinder and is adapted to control the connection or disconnection between the first receiving cavity and the second receiving cavity; Under the action of external force, the control component controls the second accommodating cavity to open, the liquid medium mixes with the expander, the expander absorbs the liquid medium and expands, driving the cylinder to abut against the inner wall of the borehole.

2. The tamping device for boreholes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expander includes an expandable bag and an expandable medium. The expandable medium is filled inside the expandable bag, and the expandable bag limits the expansion direction and maximum expansion ratio of the expandable medium.

3. The tamping device for boreholes according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a cover assembly, which is sleeved on the outside of the cylinder, and the cylinder is interference-fitted with the borehole through the cover assembly.

4. The tamping device for boreholes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The length of the fully expanded body is 4 to 6 times the diameter of the borehole, and the minimum length of the fully expanded body is 50 cm. The diameter of the fully expanded body is 1.2 to 1.4 times the diameter of the borehole.

5. The tamping device for boreholes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The wall of the first receiving cavity is made of a multi-layered flexible material, and the wall of the second receiving cavity is also made of a flexible material.

6. The tamping device for boreholes according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first receiving cavity has a water-permeable woven structure as its cavity wall, the expansion bag is a non-woven fabric bag structure, and the second receiving cavity has a water-resistant flexible structure as its cavity wall.

7. The tamping device for boreholes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The expansion medium includes superabsorbent polymer (SAP), quicklime, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, fly ash, gypsum powder, borax, foaming agent, polystyrene foam, and thickener. The composition of the product is as follows: high molecular weight polyethylene water-absorbing resin accounts for 88.7%, quicklime accounts for 3.3%, diatomaceous earth accounts for 1.7%, bentonite accounts for 2.3%, fly ash accounts for 1.7%, gypsum powder accounts for 0.7%, borax accounts for 0.3%, foaming agent accounts for 0.2%, polystyrene foam accounts for 0.9%, and thickener accounts for 0.2%.

8. The tamping device for boreholes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of liquid medium stored in the second containment cavity is not less than the saturated water absorption capacity of the expansion body in the first containment cavity.

9. A construction method for a tamping device for blast holes, characterized in that, The borehole filling device is the borehole filling device according to any one of claims 1-8, and further includes the following steps: Based on the length of the plugging section and the diameter of the borehole, determine the diameter and length of the expander after full expansion, and determine the filling depth of the cylinder; The amount of liquid medium stored in the second accommodating cavity is determined based on the diameter and length of the expanded body after it has fully expanded. The expander is placed into the first receiving cavity, and the second receiving cavity is filled with a liquid medium. The controlled component is connected to the second receiving cavity to ensure that the longitudinal axis of the expander after expansion is parallel to the hole wall. After the blast hole is filled with explosives, the filled cylinder is placed along the blast hole to the set filling depth using a graduated ruler rod, and the control end of the control component is left outside the blast hole. Pulling the control end of the control component located outside the borehole opens the second receiving cavity, releasing the liquid medium that comes into contact with the expansion body. The expansion body absorbs the liquid medium and expands, laterally squeezing the inner wall of the cylinder to make it abut against the inner wall of the borehole.

10. The construction method of the tamping device for blast holes according to claim 9, characterized in that, After the borehole is filled with explosives, the filled cylinder is placed along the borehole to the set filling depth using a graduated ruler, and before the control end of the control component remains outside the borehole, the method further includes: A cover assembly is provided outside the cylindrical body; After the borehole is filled with explosives, the filled cylinder is placed along the borehole to the set filling depth using a graduated ruler. Following the step of leaving the control end of the control component outside the borehole, the process further includes: For downward blast holes, if there is still space for filling near the hole opening, fill the empty part between the cylinder and the hole opening with rock debris. For upward blast holes, several blast hole filling devices are installed along the blast hole filling section according to the filling quality requirements.

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