Measurement period formulation for positioning reference signal bandwidth aggregation across multiple positioning frequency layers

Abstract

Techniques for wireless communication are disclosed. In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) obtains one or more aggregation measurements during a measurement period based on received positioning assistance data, where the one or more aggregation measurements are based on aggregation of a first positioning reference signal (PRS) resource set from a first PFL and a corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from a second PFL, wherein each PRS resource of the first set of PRS resources of the first PFL and each corresponding PRS resource of the first set of PRS resources of the second PFL overlap in time, and wherein a length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregated measurements.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This patent application claims priority to Indian Patent Application No. 202341027666, filed April 14, 2023, entitled “MEASUREMENT PERIODFORMULATION FOR POSITIONING REFERENCE SIGNAL BANDWIDTH AGGREGATION ACROSSMULTIPLE POSITIONING FREQUENCY LAYERS”, which is assigned to the assignee of this application and is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Background Technology 1. Technical Field

[0003] All aspects of this disclosure relate to wireless communications.

[0004] 2. Relevant Technical Descriptions

[0005] Wireless communication systems have evolved through many generations, including first-generation analog radiotelephone service (1G), second-generation (2G) digital radiotelephone service (including transitional 2.5G and 2.75G networks), third-generation (3G) high-speed data, wireless services with internet capabilities, and fourth-generation (4G) services (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) or WiMax). Currently, many different types of wireless communication systems are in use, including cellular systems and Personal Communication Services (PCS) systems. Known examples of cellular systems include cellular analog Advanced Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), and others.

[0006] The fifth-generation (5G) wireless standard, known as New Radio (NR), delivers higher data transmission speeds, more connections, better coverage, and other improvements. According to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance (NGC), the 5G standard is designed to provide higher data rates, more accurate positioning (e.g., based on Positioning Reference Signals (RS-P), such as downlink, uplink, or sidelink Positioning Reference Signals (PRS)), and other technological enhancements compared to previous standards. These enhancements, along with the use of higher frequency bands, advancements in the PRS process and technology, and the high-density deployment of 5G, enable high-accuracy positioning based on 5G. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The following presents a simplified summary of aspects related to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Thus, the following summary is neither treated as an exhaustive nor as a key to the discl osure, identifying key or essential elements, nor as delineating the scope of any particular aspect(s). The sole purpose of the following summary is to present some concepts consi dered one or more aspects in a simplified form prior to the detailed description presented below.

[0008] In an aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes receiving positioning assistance data from a location server, wherein the positioning assistance data indicates a plurality of positioning frequency layers (PFLs) and one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resource sets in each PFL of the plurality of PFLs, wherein the positioning assistance data further indicates that a first PRS resource set of a first PFL of the plurality of PFLs and a first PRS resource set of a second PFL of the plurality of PFLs can be aggregated, and wherein each PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL can be aggregated with a corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL, and obtaining one or more aggregated measurements during a measurement period, wherein the one or more aggregated measurements are based on an aggregation of a PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL and the corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL, wherein each PRS resource of the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and each corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set of the second PFL overlap in time, and wherein a length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregated measurements.

[0009] In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors configured to: receive, via the one or more transceivers, positioning assistance data from a location server, wherein the positioning assistance data indicates a plurality of positioning frequency layers (PFLs) and one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resource sets in each of the plurality of PFLs, wherein the positioning assistance data further indicates that a first PRS resource set of a first PFL of the plurality of PFLs and a first PRS resource set of a second PFL of the plurality of PFLs can be aggregated, and wherein each PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL can be aggregated with a corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL; and obtain one or more aggregated measurements during a measurement period, wherein the one or more aggregated measurements are based on an aggregation of a PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL and the corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL, wherein each PRS resource of the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and each corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set of the second PFL overlap in time, and wherein a length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregated measurements.

[0010] In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes means for receiving positioning assistance data from a location server, wherein the positioning assistance data indicates a plurality of positioning frequency layers (PFLs) and one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resource sets in each of the plurality of PFLs, wherein the positioning assistance data further indicates that a first PRS resource set of a first PFL of the plurality of PFLs and a first PRS resource set of a second PFL of the plurality of PFLs can be aggregated, and wherein each PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL can be aggregated with a corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL; and means for obtaining one or more aggregated measurements during a measurement period, wherein the one or more aggregated measurements are based on an aggregation of a PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL and the corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL, wherein each PRS resource of the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and each corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set of the second PFL overlap in time, and wherein a length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregated measurements.

[0011] In an aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer- executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: receive positioning assistance data from a location server, wherein the positioning assistance data indicates a plurality of positioning frequency layers (PFLs) and one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resource sets in each PFL of the plurality of PFLs, wherein the positioning assistance data further indicates that a first PRS resource set of a first PFL of the plurality of PFLs and a first PRS resource set of a second PFL of the plurality of PFLs can be aggregated, and wherein each PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL can be aggregated with a corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL; and obtain one or more aggregated measurements during a measurement period, wherein the one or more aggregated measurements are based on an aggregation of a PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL and the corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL, wherein each PRS resource of the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and each corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set of the second PFL overlap in time, and wherein a length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregated measurements.

[0012] Other objects and advantages associated with aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the accompanying drawings and detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0013] The accompanying drawings are presented to aid in the description of various aspects of the disclosure and are provided solely for illustration of the aspects and are not intended to limit the aspects in any way.

[0014] Figure 1 An example wireless communication system in accordance with aspects of the disclosure is illustrated.

[0015] Figure 2A 、 Figure 2B and Figure 2C An example wireless network structure in accordance with aspects of the disclosure is illustrated.

[0016] Figure 3A 、 Figure 3B and Figure 3C are simplified block diagrams of several example aspects of components that can be employed in a user equipment (UE), a base station, and a network entity, respectively, and configured to support communications as taught herein.

[0017] Figure 4 Examples of various positioning methods supported in New Radio (NR) in accordance with aspects of the disclosure are illustrated.

[0018] Figure 5Example long term evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) capability transfer procedures, assistance data transfer procedures, and position information transfer procedures between a target device and a location server are illustrated in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example frame structure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 7 is a diagram of an example of downlink positioning reference signal (PRS) bandwidth aggregation in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example downlink PRS measurement scenario in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 9 A first example of formulating a PRS measurement period for PRS aggregation across two positioning frequency layers is illustrated in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 10 A second example of formulating a PRS measurement period for PRS aggregation across two positioning frequency layers is illustrated in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 11 A third example of formulating a PRS measurement period for PRS aggregation across two positioning frequency layers is illustrated in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of periodic aggregated PRS processing across two positioning frequency layers based on PRS resources in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of periodic aggregated PRS processing across three positioning frequency layers based on PRS resources in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 14 An example method of wireless communication is illustrated in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Aspects of the present disclosure are provided in the following description and related drawings in accordance with various examples provided for illustration purposes only. Alternate aspects can be devised without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Additionally, well-known elements of the disclosure will not be described or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of the disclosure.

[0029] Various aspects generally relate to positioning reference signal (PRS) bandwidth aggregation. Some aspects more specifically relate to DL-PRS bandwidth aggregation across multiple positioning frequency layers (PFLs). In some examples, a user equipment (UE) receives positioning assistance data from a location server, where the positioning assistance data indicates a plurality of positioning frequency layers (PFLs) and one or more PRS resource sets in each of the plurality of PFLs. The positioning assistance data further indicates that a first subset of PRS resources (i.e., a PRS resource set) of a first PFL of the plurality of PFLs and a first subset of PRS resources of a second PFL of the plurality of PFLs can be aggregated. Specifically, each PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL can be aggregated with a corresponding PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL. The UE then obtains one or more aggregated measurements during a measurement period. The one or more aggregated measurements are based on an aggregation of PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources (i.e., a PRS resource set) from the first PFL and corresponding PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL. Each PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL and each corresponding PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL overlap in time, and a length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregated measurements.

[0030] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by a UE receiving positioning assistance data indicating that a first PFL and a second PFL of a plurality of PFLs can be aggregated, the described techniques can be used to enable the UE to determine a measurement period for aggregated measurements, and obtain the aggregated measurements based on the measurement period.

[0031] The words “exemplary” and / or “example” are used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” and / or “example” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Likewise, the term “aspects of the disclosure” does not require that all aspects of the disclosure include the discussed feature, advantage or mode of operation.

[0032] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that can be referenced throughout the above description can be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0033] Moreover, many aspects are described in terms of sequences of actions to be performed by, for example, elements of a computing device. It will be recognized that various actions described herein can be performed by specific circuits (e.g., application specific integrated circuits (ASICs)), by program instructions being executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of both. Additionally, the sequence(s) of actions described herein can be considered to be embodied entirely within any form of non- transitory computer readable storage medium having stored therein a corresponding set of computer instructions that, upon execution, would cause or instruct an associated processor of a device to perform the functionality described herein. Thus, the various aspects of the disclosure can be embodied in a number of different forms, all of which have been contemplated to be within the scope of the claimed subject matter. In addition, for each of the aspects described herein, the corresponding form of any such aspects can be described herein in terms such as "logic configured to" perform the actions described, or other similar terminology. The computer instructions can be implemented, for example, by using a programming or scripting language such as C, C++, Java, JavaScript, Python, Perl, SQL, R, etc. Additionally, it should be appreciated that the various components and / or other internal components, as well as the software associated therewith, of the disclosed technology can be implemented as one or more virtual machines, databases, applications, etc., running on one or more servers, devices, networked systems, etc.

[0034] As used herein, the terms "user equipment" (UE) and "base station" are not intended to be specific or otherwise limited to any particular radio access technology (RAT), unless otherwise noted. In general, a UE can be any wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, consumer asset-positioning device, wearable device (e.g., smartwatch, glasses, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) headset, etc.), vehicle (e.g., automobile, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.), Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.) used by a user to communicate over a wireless communications network. A UE can be mobile or can (e.g., at certain times) be stationary, and can communicate with a radio access network (RAN). As used herein, the term "UE" can be referred to interchangeably as an "access terminal" or "AT," a "client device," a "wireless device," a "subscriber device," a "subscriber terminal," a "subscriber station," a "user terminal," or "UT," a "mobile device," a "mobile terminal," a "mobile station," or variations thereof. Generally, UEs can communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network the UEs can be connected to one or more external networks such as the Internet and / or to the public switched telephone network. Of course, other mechanisms of connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UEs, such as over wired access networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) networks (e.g., based on Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 specifications), and so on.

[0035] A base station can operate according to one of a number of RATs in dependence on the network in which the base station is deployed to communicate with UEs and can alternatively be referred to as an access point (AP), a network node, a NodeB, an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), a New Radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as a gNB or gNodeB), etc. Base stations can be used to serve UEs in many different systems, including systems that provide data, voice, and / or signaling connections between UEs and larger network entities such as a core network. In some systems, base stations can provide only edge node signaling functions, while in other systems they can provide additional control and / or network management functions. A communication link through which UEs can send signals to a base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse control channel, an access channel, etc.). A communication link through which the base station can send signals to UEs is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, a broadcast channel, a forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein, the term “traffic channel” can refer to either an uplink / reverse traffic channel or a downlink / forward traffic channel.

[0036] The term “base station” can refer to a single physical transmission-reception point (TRP) or to multiple physical TRPs that can or can not be co-located. For example, where the term “base station” refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP can be an antenna of the base station corresponding to a cell (or cell sector) of the base station. Where the term “base station” refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRPs can be an array of antennas of the base station (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming). Where the term “base station” refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRPs can be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transmission medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, the non-co-located physical TRPs can be the serving base station receiving the measurement report from the UE and a neighbor base station whose reference radio frequency (RF) signals the UE is measuring. Because a TRP is a point from or to which the base station transmits and receives wireless signals as used herein, a reference to transmitting from or receiving at a base station should be understood to refer to a particular TRP of the base station.

[0037] In some implementations that support positioning of UEs, a base station can not support wireless access by UEs (e.g., can not support data, voice, and / or signaling connections for UEs) but can instead transmit reference signals to UEs to be measured by the UEs and / or can receive and measure signals transmitted by the UEs. Such a base station can be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., where it transmits signals to UEs) and / or as a location measurement unit (e.g., where it receives and measures signals from UEs).

[0038] An “RF signal” comprises an electromagnetic wave of a given frequency that transports information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter can transmit a single “RF signal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, the receiver can receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between the transmitter and receiver can be referred to as a “multipath” RF signal. As used herein, where the term “signal” clearly refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal, depending on the context, an RF signal can also be referred to as a “wireless signal” or simply a “signal.”

[0039] Figure 1 An example wireless communication system 100, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100, which can also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WW AN), can include various base stations 102, labeled “BS,” and various UEs 104. The base stations 102 can include macro cell base stations (high power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (low power cellular base stations). In an aspect, the macro cell base station can include eNBs and / or ng-eNBs, where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an LTE network, or gNBs, where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an NR network, or a combination of both, and the small cell base stations can include femto cells, pico cells, micro cells, and the like.

[0040] The base stations 102 can collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170, (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)), through backhaul links 122 (e.g., SI, X2, Xn, etc. interfaces), and with one or more location servers 172 (e.g., a location management function (LMF) or a secure user plane location (SUPL) location platform (SLP)), through the core network 170. The location server 172 can be part of the core network 170 or can be external to the core network 170. The location server 172 can be integrated with the base stations 102. The UEs 104 can communicate directly with the location server 172, either directly or indirectly. For example, the UEs 104 can communicate with the location server 172 via a base station 102 that is currently serving the UE 104. The UEs 104 can also communicate with the location server 172 through another path, such as via an application server (not shown), via another network, such as via a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) (e.g., the AP 150 described below), and the like. The communication between the UEs 104 and the location server 172 can be represented as an indirect connection (e.g., through the core network 170, etc.) or a direct connection (e.g., as shown via the direct connection 128) for signaling purposes, with intermediate nodes (if any) omitted from the signaling diagrams for the sake of clarity.

[0041] Among other functions, the base stations 102 can perform functions related to one or more of transferring user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 can communicate with one another directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC / 5GC) over backhaul links 134, which can be wired or wireless.

[0042] The base stations 102 can wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 can provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. In an aspect, one or more cells can be supported by the base station 102 in each geographic coverage area 110. A “cell” is a logical communication entity used to provide communication coverage for a particular coverage area and can be associated with a identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCI), an enhanced cell identifier (ECI), a virtual cell identifier (VCI), a cell global identifier (CGI), etc.) used to distinguish from other cells operating with the same or different carrier frequency. In some cases, different cells can be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine type communication (MTC), narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or other protocol types) that can provide access for different types of UEs. Since a cell is supported by a particular base station, the term “cell” can refer to either or both of a logical communication entity and a base station supporting the logical communication entity, depending on context. Also, since a TRP is typically a physical transmission point of a cell, the terms “cell” and “TRP” can be used interchangeably. In some cases, the term “cell” can also refer to a base station’s geographic coverage area (e.g., a sector) as well, as long as a carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within the geographic coverage area 110.

[0043] Although the geographic coverage area 110 for each of the base stations 102 can overlap in order to provide stronger indoor and / or outdoor coverage, the same base station 102, or different base stations 102, can be responsible for the geographic coverage area 110 at any given moment. The base stations 102 can serve any number of UEs 104 within their geographic coverage area 110. The UEs 104 can be dispersed throughout the geographic coverage area 110, and each UE 104 can be moving, in which case the coverage area for that UE 104 can change over time. The base stations 102, in some examples, can be macro cells, small cells, home (femto) cells, or the like, and each can have good coverage. The base stations 102 can also be referred to as eNodeBs (eNBs) or access points (APs). In some examples, a base station 102 can be movable and therefore the coverage area 110 for that base station 102 can change over time. The base stations 102 and the UEs 104 can be configured to communicate over the air, over wireless communication links 120, which can be implemented using one or more wireless communication technologies.

[0044] The communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and the UEs 104 can include uplink (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 and / or downlink (DL) transmissions, from a base station 102 to a UE 104. The communication links 120 can use MIMO antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication links 120 can be through one or more carrier frequencies. Allocation of carriers can be asymmetric with respect to downlink and uplink (e.g., more or less carriers can be allocated for downlink than for uplink).

[0045] The wireless communications system 100 can also include a WLAN access point (AP) 150 in communication with WLAN stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154 in an unlicensed frequency spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz). When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the WLAN STAs 152 and / or the WLAN AP 150 can perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or listen before talk (LBT) procedure prior to communicating, in order to determine whether the channel is available.

[0046] The small cell base stations 102' can operate in a licensed or an unlicensed spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed spectrum, the small cell base stations 102' can employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum as used by the WLAN AP 150. The small cell base stations 102' employing LTE / 5G in an unlicensed spectrum can boost coverage of the access network and / or increase capacity of the access network. The NR in unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as NR-U. The LTE in unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as LTE-U, License Assisted Access (LAA), or MulteFire.

[0047] The wireless communications system 100 can also include millimeter wave (mmW) base stations 180 that can operate in mmW frequencies and / or near mmW frequencies in communication with UEs 182. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is the part of the radio frequency (RF) in the electromagnetic spectrum between 30 GHz and 300 GHz. It is above the super high frequency (SHF) or microwave band. The EHF band is between 30,000 MHz and 300,000 MHz. The wavelengths range from 1 millimeter to 10 millimeters. Radio waves in this band are short and can be used for directional communication from small antennas. The EHF band is the highest frequency band used for wireless communications. The use of the mmW / near mmW radio frequency band is an alternative to the use of the SHF radio frequency band. The mmW base stations 180 and the UEs 182 can utilize beamforming (transmit and / or receive) in mmW communication links 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range of the mmW. Further, it should be appreciated that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 can also transmit using mmW or near mmW and beamforming. Thus, it should be appreciated that the preceding illustration is merely an example and should not be construed as a limitation of the various aspects disclosed herein.

[0048] Transmit beamforming is a technique for focusing the RF signal in a specific direction. Traditionally, when a network node (e.g., a base station) broadcasts a signal, it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omni-directionally). With transmit beamforming, the network node determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, which provides a faster and stronger RF signal (in terms of data rate) for the receiving device. To change the directionality of the RF signal when transmitting, the network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of the one or more transmitters in the broadcast. For example, the network node can use an array of antennas (referred to as a “phased array” or “antenna array”), which in effect moves the beam without actually moving the antennas. Specifically, the RF current from the transmitter is fed to the individual antennas with the correct phase relationship so that the radio waves from the separate antennas add together to increase the radiation in a desired direction, while cancelling to suppress radiation in undesired directions.

[0049] The transmit beams can be quasi co-located, meaning that they appear the same to a receiver (e.g., a UE) regardless of whether the network node’s own transmit antennas are physically co-located. In NR, there are four types of quasi co-location (QCL) relationships. Specifically, a given type of QCL relationship means that certain parameters about a second reference RF signal on a second beam (e.g., a transmit beam or a receive beam) can be derived from information about a source reference RF signal on a source beam (e.g., a receive beam or a transmit beam). Thus, if the source reference RF signal is QCL Type A, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, the Doppler spread, the average delay, and the delay spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and the Doppler spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type C, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and the average delay of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type D, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial receive parameters of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.

[0050] In receive beamforming, a receiver uses a receive beam to amplify an RF signal detected on a given channel. For example, the receiver can increase a gain setting and / or adjust a phase setting of an antenna array in a particular direction to amplify (e.g., increase a gain level of) an RF signal received from that direction. Thus, when a receiver is said to beamform in a certain direction, this means that the beam gain in that direction is high relative to the beam gain along other directions, or that the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gains of all other receive beams available to the receiver in that direction. This results in a stronger received signal strength (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), etc.) of the RF signal received from that direction.

[0051] The transmit beams and the receive beams can be spatially related. Spatial relation means that parameters for a second beam (e.g., a transmit beam or a receive beam) for a second reference signal can be derived from information about a first beam (e.g., a receive beam or a transmit beam) for a first reference signal. For example, a UE can use a particular receive beam to receive a reference downlink reference signal (e.g., a synchronization signal block (SSB)) from a base station. The UE can then form a transmit beam for transmitting an uplink reference signal (e.g., a sounding reference signal (SRS)) to that base station based on parameters of the receive beam.

[0052] Note that depending on the entity forming the “downlink” beam, the beam can be a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if the base station is forming a downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to a UE, the downlink beam is a transmit beam. However, if the UE is forming a downlink beam, the downlink beam is a receive beam to receive the downlink reference signal. Similarly, depending on the entity forming the “uplink” beam, the beam can be a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if the base station is forming an uplink beam, the uplink beam is an uplink receive beam, while if the UE is forming an uplink beam, the uplink beam is an uplink transmit beam.

[0053] The electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided based on frequency / wavelength into various classes, bands, channels, and so forth. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz to 7. 125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz). It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. With regard to FR2, a similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs as it is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles despite being different from the “millimeter wave” frequencies in the EHF band. Extremely high frequency (EHF) bands (30 GHz to 300 GHz) that are identified as a “millimeter wave” band.

[0054] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7. 125 GHz to 24.25 GHz). Bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 and / or FR2 characteristics and thus can effectively extend the characteristics of FR1 and / or FR2 to mid-band frequencies. Moreover, even higher bands are currently under exploration to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz to 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz to 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz to 300 GHz). Each of these higher bands falls within the EHF band.

[0055] With the above aspects in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like, if used herein, can broadly represent frequencies that can be less than 6 GHz, can be within FR1, or can include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “millimeter wave” or the like, if used herein, can broadly represent frequencies that can include mid-band frequencies, can be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a, or FR4-1, and / or FR5, or can be within the EHF frequency band.

[0056] In a multi-carrier system such as 5G, one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as the “primary carrier” or “anchor carrier” or “primary serving cell” or “PCell” and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as “secondary carriers” or “secondary serving cells” or “SCells.” In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) used by the UE 104 / 182 and the cell in which the UE 104 / 182 performs an initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates a RRC connection reestablishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels, and can be a carrier in a licensed frequency (although this is not always the case). The secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2) that can be configured and can be used to provide additional radio resources once an RRC connection is established between the UE 104 and the anchor carrier. In some cases, the secondary carrier can be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier can contain only necessary signaling information and signals, e.g., those that are UE-specific can not be present in the secondary carrier since both the primary uplink and primary downlink carriers are typically UE-specific. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 in a cell can have different downlink primary carriers. The same is true for the uplink primary carrier. The network is able to change the primary carrier for any UE 104 / 182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Since a “serving cell” (whether a PCell or an SCell) corresponds to the carrier frequency / component carrier over which a certain base station communicates, the terms “cell,” “serving cell,” “component carrier,” “carrier frequency,” and the like can be used interchangeably.

[0057] For example, still referring to Figure 1One of the frequencies used by the macrocell base station 102 can be an anchor carrier (or "PCell"), and other frequencies used by the macrocell base station 102 and / or mmW base station 180 can be secondary carriers ("SCells"). Simultaneous transmission and / or reception of multiple carriers enables the UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rate. For example, two 20 MHz aggregated carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically result in doubling the data rate (i.e., 40 MHz) as compared to a single 20 MHz carrier.

[0058] The wireless communications system 100 can also include a UE 164 that can communicate with macro cell base station 102 over a communication link 120 and / or with mmW base station 180 over a mmW communication link 184. For example, the macro cell base station 102 can support a PCell and one or more SCells for the UE 164, and the mmW base station 180 can support one or more SCells for the UE 164.

[0059] In some cases, the UEs 164 and 182 can be capable of sidelink communications. A sidelink-capable UE (SL-UE) can communicate with the base station 102 using a Uu interface (i.e., the air interface between a UE and a base station) over the communication link 120. SL-UEs (e.g., UEs 164, 182) can also communicate directly with one another using a PC5 interface (i.e., the air interface between sidelink-capable UEs) over the wireless sidelink 160. The wireless sidelink (or simply "sidelink") is an adaptation of the core cellular network (e.g., LTE, NR) standard that allows direct communication between two or more UEs without the need to communicate through a base station. Sidelink communications can be unicast or multicast and can be used for device-to-device (D2D) media sharing, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications (e.g., cellular V2X (cV2X) communications, enhanced V2X (eV2X) communications, etc.), emergency rescue applications, etc. One or more of the SL-UEs in a group utilizing sidelink communications can be within the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 102. Other SL-UEs in such a group can be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 102, or be unable to receive transmissions from base stations 102 for other reasons. In some cases, groups of SL-UEs communicating via sidelink communications can utilize a one-to-many (1 :M) system, where each SL-UE transmits to every other SL-UE in the group. In some cases, the base station 102 facilitates scheduling of resources for sidelink communications. In other cases, sidelink communications are performed between SL-UEs without the involvement of base station 102.

[0060] On one hand, the sidelink 160 can operate via a wireless communication medium of interest that can be shared with other vehicles and / or infrastructure access points and other RATs for wireless communication. "Medium" can include one or more time, frequency, and / or space communication resources (e.g., covering one or more channels across one or more carriers) associated with wireless communication between one or more transmitter / receiver pairs. On another hand, the medium of interest may correspond to at least a portion of unlicensed frequency bands shared among various RATs. While different licensed frequency bands have been reserved for certain communication systems (e.g., by government entities such as the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC), these systems (particularly those employing small cell access points) have recently expanded their operation to unlicensed frequency bands such as those used by wireless local area network (WLAN) technologies (most notably the IEEE 802.11xWLAN technology commonly referred to as "Wi-Fi"). Example systems of this type include various variants of CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), and so on.

[0061] It should be noted that, although Figure 1 Only two of these UEs are exemplified as SL-UEs (i.e., UE 164 and UE 182), but any UE exemplified can be an SL-UE. Furthermore, although only UE 182 is described as capable of beamforming, any UE exemplified (including UE 164) can be capable of beamforming. When SL-UEs are capable of beamforming, they can beamform towards each other (i.e., towards other SL-UEs), towards other UEs (e.g., UE 104), towards base stations (e.g., base station 102, base station 180, small cell 102', access point 150), etc. Therefore, in some cases, UE 164 and UE 182 can utilize beamforming via sidelink 160.

[0062] exist Figure 1 In the example, the UE shown (for simplicity, in) Figure 1Any of the UEs 104 (shown as a single UE 104) can receive signals 124 from one or more Earth orbiting space vehicles (SVs) 112 (e.g., satellites). In an aspect, the SVs 112 can be part of a satellite positioning system that UEs 104 can use as a standalone source of location information. A satellite positioning system typically includes a system of transmitters (e.g., SVs 112) positioned in Earth orbit so that receivers (e.g., UEs 104) can determine their position on or above the Earth based, at least in part, on positioning signals (e.g., signals 124) received from the transmitters. Such transmitters typically transmit signals marked with a repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) code of a set number of chips. While typically located in SVs 112, transmitters can sometimes be located on ground-based control stations, base stations 102, and / or other UEs 104. UEs 104 can include one or more specialized receivers designed specifically for receiving signals 124 in order to derive geographic location information from SVs 112.

[0063] In a satellite positioning system, the use of signals 124 can be augmented by various satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS), which can be associated with one or more global and / or regional navigation satellite systems or which can otherwise enable the use of one or more global and / or regional navigation satellite systems. For example, an SBAS can include an augmentation system(s) that provides integrity information, differential corrections, etc. to one or more global and / or regional navigation satellite systems, such as the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), the Multi

[0064] In an aspect, the SVs 112 additionally or alternatively can be part of one or more non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). In an NTN, the SVs 112 connect to an Earth station (also referred to as a ground station, NTN gateway, or gateway), which in turn connects to elements in the 5G network, such as a modified base station 102 (without a terrestrial antenna) or a network node in the 5GC. This element in turn will provide access to other elements in the 5G network, and ultimately to entities outside the 5G network, such as Internet web servers and other user equipment. In this way, the UEs 104 can receive communication signals (e.g., signals 124) from the SVs 112 as an alternative or supplement to communication signals from terrestrial base stations 102.

[0065] The wireless communications system 100 can also include one or more UEs, such as UE 190, that indirectly connect to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as “sidelinks”). For example, UEs 104 can indirectly connect to the 5G core network 206 or the LTE core network 206a via D2D P2P links 192 with a network-connected UE, such as a UE 104 connected to base station 102. Figure 1 In an example, the UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of the UEs 104 connected to one of the base stations 102 (e.g., through which the UE 190 can indirectly access cellular communications), and has a D2D P2P link 194 with a WLAN STA 152 connected to the WLAN AP 150 (through which the UE 190 can indirectly access WLAN-based Internet connectivity). In an example, the D2D P2P links 192, 194 can utilize any well-known D2D RAT (such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WI-FI DIRECT, and so on) to support.

[0066] Figure 2A An example wireless network structure 200 is illustrated. For example, a 5GC 210 (also referred to as Next Generation Core (NGC)) can be functionally

[0067] ​Another optional aspect can include a location server 230 that can communicate with the 5GC 210 to provide location assistance for UEs 204. The location server 230 can be implemented as a plurality of separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternately can each correspond to a single server. The location server 230 can be configured to support one or more location services for UEs 204 that can connect to the location server 230 via the core network, the 5GC 210, and / or via the Internet (not illustrated). Further, the location server 230 can be integrated into a component of the core network, or alternately can be external to the core network (e.g., a third party server, such as an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) server or a service server).

[0068] Figure 2B Another example wireless network structure 240 is illustrated. A 5GC 260 (which can be the same as or similar to the 5GC 210) and a RAN 264 (which can be the same as or similar to the RAN 204) can interface with one another over an NG2 interface 262. The 5GC 260 can also interface with a 5G-EPC 266 (which can be the same as or similar to the EPC 218) over an NG3 interface 265. Figure 2AThe 5GC 210 (which corresponds to the 5GC 210 in FIG. 2) can be viewed functionally as control plane functions provided by an access and mobility management function (AMF) 264, user plane functions provided by a user plane function (UPF) 262, and a termination of non- access stratum (NAS) protocols or service-based interface toward an application function 266, which operate cooperatively with each other to form the core network (i.e., 5GC 260). The functions of the AMF 264 include registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, transport for one or more UE 204 (e.g., any of the UEs described herein) session management (SM) messages between the UE 204 and a session management function (SMF) 266, transparent proxy services for routing SM messages, access authentication and access authorization, transport of short message service (SMS) messages between the UE 204 and the short message service function (SMSF) (not shown), and security anchor functionality (SEAF). The AMF 264 also interacts with an authentication server function (AUSF) (not shown) and the UE 204, and The functions of the AMF 264 also include location management for regulatory services, transport for location service messages between the UE 204 and the location management function (LMF) 270, which acts as the location server 230, transport for location service messages between the NG-RAN 220 and the LMF 270, evolved packet system (EPS) bearer identifier allocation for interworking with the EPS, and UE 204 mobility event notification. In addition, the AMF 264 also supports a non-IP

[0069] Functions of the UPF 262 include acting as an anchor point for intra- / inter-RAT mobility (when applicable), acting as a external protocol data unit (PDU) session point of interconnect to a data network (not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., gating, redirection, traffic steering), lawful interception (user plane collection), traffic usage reporting, quality of service (QoS) handling for user plane (e.g., uplink / downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in the downlink), uplink traffic verification (service data flow (SDF) to QoS flow mapping), transport level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, and transmitting and forwarding of one or more “end markers.” The UPF 262 can also support transfer of location services messages between the UE 204 and a location server, such as the SLP 272, over the user plane.

[0070] Functions of the SMF 266 include session management, UE Internet protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, configuration of traffic steering at the UPF 262 for proper

[0071] Another optional aspect can include an LMF 270, which can be in communication with the 5GC 260 to provide location assistance for UEs 204. The LMF 270 can be implemented as a plurality of separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternately can each correspond to a single server. The LMF 270 can be configured to support one or more location services for UEs 204, which can connect to the LMF 270 via the core network, 5GC 260, and / or via the Internet (not illustrated). The SLP 272 can support similar functions as the LMF 270, but whereas the LMF 270 can communicate with the AMF 264, NG-RAN 220, and UEs 204 over the control plane (e.g., using interfaces and protocols intended to transfer signaling messages, rather than voice or data), the SLP 272 can communicate with UEs 204 and external clients (e.g., third-party servers 274) over the user plane (e.g., using protocols intended to carry voice and / or data, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP) and / or IP).

[0072] Yet another optional aspect can include a third party server 274 that can communicate with the LMF 270, the SLP 272, the 5GC 260 (e.g., via the AMF 264 and / or the UPF 262), the NG-RAN 220, and / or the UE 204 to obtain location information (e.g., a location estimate) for the UE 204. Thus, in some cases, the third party server 274 can be referred to as a Location Services (LCS) client or an external client. The third party server 274 can be implemented as a plurality of separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternately can each correspond to a single server.

[0073] The user plane interface 263 and control plane interface 265 connect the 5GC 260, and in particular the UPF 262 and AMF 264, respectively, to one or more gNBs 222 and / or ng-eNBs 224 in the NG-RAN 220. The interface between gNBs 222 and / or ng-eNBs 224 and AMF 264 is referred to as the “N2” interface, while the interface between gNBs 222 and / or ng-eNBs 224 and UPF 262 is referred to as the “N3” interface. The gNBs 222 and / or ng-eNBs 224 of the NG-RAN 220 can communicate with one another directly via backhaul connections 223, referred to as the “Xn-C” interface. One or more of the gNBs 222 and / or ng-eNBs 224 can communicate with one or more UEs 204 over a wireless interface referred to as the “Uu” interface.

[0074] The functionality of a gNB 222 is divided among a gNB central unit (gNB-CU) 226, one or more gNB distributed units (gNB-DUs) 228, and one or more gNB radio units (gNB-RUs) 229. The gNB-CU 226 is a logical node that includes base station functionality other than those functions specifically allocated to the gNB-DUs 228, including transfer of user data, mobility control, radio access network sharing, positioning, session management, etc. More specifically, the gNB-CU 226 typically hosts the radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) protocols of the gNB 222. The gNB-DUs 228 are logical nodes that typically host the radio link control (RLC) and medium access control (MAC) layers of the gNB 222. Their operation is controlled by the gNB-CU 226. One gNB-DU 228 can support one or more cells, and one cell is supported by only one gNB-DU 228. The interface 232 between the gNB-CU 226 and the one or more gNB-DUs 228 is referred to as the “Fl” interface. The physical (PHY) layer functionality of the gNB 222 is typically hosted by one or more standalone gNB-RUs 229 that perform functions such as power amplification and signal transmission / reception. The interface between the gNB-DU 228 and the gNB-RU 229 is referred to as the “Fx” interface. Thus, the UE 204 communicates with the gNB-CU 226 via the RRC, SDAP, and PDCP layers, with the gNB-DU 228 via the RLC and MAC layers, and with the gNB-RU 229 via the PHY layer.

[0075] Deployment of communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, can be arranged in a variety of ways with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, network entity, mobility element of a network, RAN node, core network node, network element, or network equipment, such as a base station or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, can be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a base station, such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR base station, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a transmission reception point (TRP), or a cell, etc., can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as a standalone base station or a monolithic base station) or a disaggregated base station.

[0076] A disaggregated base station can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack integrated physically or logically within a single RAN node. A disaggregated base station can be configured to utilize a protocol stack distributed physically or logically between two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU can be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs can be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, can be geographically or virtually distributed in one or more other RAN nodes. The DUs can be implemented to be in communication with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU can also be implemented as virtual units, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), virtual distributed unit (VDU), or virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0077] Base station type operations or network designs can take into account the disaggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station can be used in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as the network configuration by the O-RAN Initiative) or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also referred to as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Disaggregation can include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing functionality of at least one unit, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of a disaggregated base station or disaggregated RAN architecture can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0078] Figure 2C An example disaggregated base station architecture 250 is illustrated in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The disaggregated base station architecture 250 can include one or more central units (CUs) 280 (e.g., gNB-CUs 226) that can communicate directly with a core network 267 (e.g., 5GC 210, 5GC 260) via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 267 through one or more disaggregated base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 259 via an E2 link or a non-RT RIC 257 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 255, or both. The CUs 280 can communicate with one or more DUs 285 (e.g., gNB-DUs 228) via respective fronthaul links, such as an Fl interface. The DUs 285 can communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 287 (e.g., gNB-RUs 229) via respective front-haul links. The RUs 287 can communicate with respective UEs 204 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 204 can be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 287.

[0079] Each of the units (i.e., CU 280, DU 285, RU 287, and near-RT RIC 259, non-RT RIC 257, and SMO framework 255) can include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via wired or wireless transmission mediums. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of these units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission mediums. For example, the units can include wired interfaces configured to receive signals from or transmit signals to one or more of the other units over a wired transmission medium. Additionally, the units can include wireless interfaces, which can include receivers, transmitters, or transceivers (such as RF transceivers) configured to receive signals from or transmit signals to one or more of the other units over a wireless transmission medium, or both.

[0080] In some aspects, CU 280 can host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include RRC, PDCP, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 280. CU 280 can be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit-User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit-Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, CU 280 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units can be in bidirectional communication with the CU-CP units via an interface, such as an El interface. CU 280 can be implemented to communicate with DU 285 as needed for network control and signaling.

[0081] DU 285 can correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 287. In some aspects, DU 285 can host one or more of the RLC layer, the MAC layer, and one or more high PHY layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) in accordance with a functional split, such as that defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In some aspects, DU 285 can also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 285 or with control functions hosted by CU 280. DU 285 can correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 287. In some aspects, DU 285 can host one or more of the RLC layer, the MAC layer, and one or more high PHY layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) in accordance with a functional split, such as that defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In some aspects, DU 285 can also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 285 or with control functions hosted by CU 280.

[0082] Lower layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 287. In some deployments, RUs 287 controlled by DUs 285 can correspond to logical nodes that host RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.) or both based at least in part on a functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, RUs 287 can be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 204. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with RUs 287 can be controlled by corresponding DUs 285. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable DUs 285 and CUs 280 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0083] The SMO framework 255 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 255 can be configured to support deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an Ol interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 255 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform, such as an Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 269 to perform network element lifecycle management, such as to instantiate virtualized network elements, via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an 02 interface. Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 280, DUs 285, RUs 287, and near-RT RICs 259. In some implementations, the SMO framework 255 can communicate with hardware aspects of a 4G RAN, such as an Open eNB (O-eNB) 261, via an Ol interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 255 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 287 via an Ol interface. The SMO framework 255 can also include a non-RT RIC 257 configured to support functionality of the SMO framework 255.

[0084] The non-RT RIC 257 can be configured to include logical functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, including model training and update, application / features in near-RT RIC 259, or policy-based steering. The non-RT RIC 257 can be coupled to, or communicate with, the near-RT RIC 259, such as via an Al interface. The near-RT RIC 259 can be configured to include logical functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions by an interface, such as via an E2 interface, that connects one or more CUs 280, one or more DUs 285, or both, and an O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 259.

[0085] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 259, the non-RT RIC 257 can receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 259 and can be received at the SMO framework 255 or the non-RT RIC 257 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 257 or the near-RT RIC 259 can be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 257 can monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions by the SMO framework 255, such as via reconfiguration of Ol, or via creation of RAN management policies, such as Al policies.

[0086] Figure 3A 、 Figure 3B and Figure 3C A number of example components are illustrated (represented by corresponding blocks) that can be incorporated into the UE 302 (which can correspond to any of the UEs described herein), the base station 304 (which can correspond to any of the base stations described herein), and the network entity 306 (which can correspond to or embody any of the network functions described herein, including the location server 230 and the LMF 270, or alternatively can be independent of any of the network functions described herein). The components can be implemented by processing logic, which can include electronic circuits and / or circuitry, and / or one or more processors and / or state machines configured to execute one or more software or firmware modules. Figure 2A and Figure 2BThe depicted NG-RAN 220 and / or 5GC 210 / 260 infrastructure, such as a dedicated network, to support operations as described herein. It will be appreciated that these components can be implemented in different implementations of different types of devices (e.g., in ASICs, in System-on-Chips (SoCs), etc.) The illustrated components can also be incorporated into other devices in a communication system. For example, other devices in the system can include components similar to those described as providing similar functionality. Moreover, a given device can contain one or more of the components. For example, a device can include multiple transceiver components that enable the device to operate on multiple carriers and / or communicate via different technologies.

[0087] The UE 302 and the base stations 304 each include one or more wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, respectively, providing components for communicating (e.g., components for transmitting, for receiving, for measuring, for tuning, for refraining from transmitting, etc.) via one or more wireless communication networks, such as an NR network, an LTE network, a GSM network, and / or the like (not shown). The WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 can each be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356, respectively, for communicating with other network nodes, such as other UEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNBs, gNBs), etc., via at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.) over a wireless communication medium (e.g., a set of time / frequency resources in a particular frequency spectrum) The WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 can be variously configured for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, and / or the like), respectively, and, conversely, for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, and / or the like), respectively, in accordance with the designated RAT(s). Specifically, the WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 include one or more transmitters 314 and 354, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358, respectively, and one or more receivers 312 and 352, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358, respectively.

[0088] At least in some cases, the UE 302 and the base station 304 each also include one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360, respectively. The short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 can be connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, and provide PC5, dedicated short-range communications (DSRC), wireless access for vehi cl e environments (WAVE), near-field communication (NFC), ultra-wideband (UWB), etc.) with other network nodes such as other UEs, access points, base stations, etc. The short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 can be variously configured for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.), respectively, and vice-versa, in accordance with a designated RAT. Specifically, the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 include one or more transmitters 324 and 364, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368, respectively, and one or more receivers 322 and 362, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368, respectively. As specific examples, the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 can be Wi-Fi transceivers, Bluetooth® transceivers, Bluetooth® Low Energy transceivers, Zigbee® transceivers, Z-Wave® transceivers, Wi-Fi transceivers, and / or transceivers, NFC transceivers, UWB transceivers, or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and / or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) transceivers.

[0089] At least in some cases, the UE 302 and the base station 304 also include satellite signal receivers 330 and 370. The satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 can be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376, respectively, and can provide means for receiving and / or measuring satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378, respectively. Where the satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are satellite positioning system receivers, the satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 can be global positioning system (GPS) signals, Galileo signals, GLONASS signals, Compass signals, Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) signals, Japanese Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) and / or Galileo signals, Beidou signals, Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (NAVIC) signals, Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) signals, etc. In cases where satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are non-terrestrial network (NTN) receivers, satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 can be communication signals (e.g., carrying control and / or user data) originating from a 5G network. Satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 can include any suitable hardware and / or software for receiving and processing satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378, respectively. Satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 can request information and operations from other systems as appropriate, and in at least some cases perform calculations using measurements obtained by any suitable satellite positioning system algorithm to determine the location of UE 302 and base station 304, respectively.

[0090] Base stations 304 and network entities 306 each include one or more network transceivers 380 and 390, respectively, which provide means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, etc.) with other network entities (e.g., other base stations 304, other network entities 306). For example, base stations 304 can employ one or more network transceivers 380 to communicate with other base stations 304 or network entities 306 over one or more wired or wireless backhaul links. As another example, network entities 306 can employ one or more network transceivers 390 to communicate with one or more base stations 304 over one or more wired or wireless backhaul links, or with other network entities 306 over one or more wired or wireless core network interfaces.

[0091] The transceiver can be configured to communicate over wired or wireless links. The transceiver, whether a wired or wireless transceiver, includes transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) and receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362). In some implementations, the transceiver can be an integrated device (e.g., implementing the transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry in a single device), can include separate transmitter circuitry and separate receiver circuitry in some implementations, or can be implemented in other manners in other implementations. The transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry of a wired transceiver (e.g., network transceiver 380 and network transceiver 390 in some implementations) can be coupled to one or more wired network interface ports. The wireless transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) can include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, which allows the respective apparatus (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform transmit “beamforming,” as described herein. Similarly, the wireless receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362) can include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, which allows the respective apparatus (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform receive beamforming, as described herein. In an aspect, the transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry can share the same plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such that the respective apparatus can only receive or transmit at a given moment in time, not both at the same time. The wireless transceivers (e.g., WWAN transceivers 310 and 350, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360) can also include a network listen module (NLM) or the like for performing various measurements.

[0092] As used herein, the various wireless transceivers (e.g., transceivers 310, 320, 350, and 360, and network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations) and wired transceivers (e.g., network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations) can be generally referred to as “transceivers,” “at least one transceiver,” or “one or more transceivers.” Thus, whether a particular transceiver is a wired or wireless transceiver can be inferred from the type of communication being performed. For example, backhaul communications between network devices or servers typically involve signaling via wired transceivers, while wireless communications between a UE (e.g., UE 302) and a base station (e.g., base station 304) will typically involve signaling via wireless transceivers.

[0093] The UE 302, the base stations 304, and the network entity 306 also include other components that can be useful in implementing the operations disclosed herein. The UE 302, the base stations 304, and the network entity 306 each include one or more processors 332, 384, and 394, for providing functionality to, for example, wireless communication and for providing other processing functionality. Thus, the processors 332, 384, and 394 can provide means for processing, such as means for determining, means for calculating, means for receiving, means for transmitting, means for indicating, etc. In an aspect, the processors 332, 384, and 394 can include, for example, one or more general purpose processors, multi-core processors, central processing units (CPUs), ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), other programmable logic devices or processing circuitry, or various combinations thereof.

[0094] The UE 302, the base stations 304, and the network entity 306 each include memory circuitry implementing memory 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., including a memory device each) for maintaining information (e.g., information indicative of reserved resources, thresholds, parameters, etc.). Thus, the memory 340, 386, and 396 can provide means for storing, means for retrieving, means for maintaining, etc. In some cases, the UE 302, the base stations 304, and the network entity 306 can each include a positioning component 342, 388, and 398. The positioning component 342, 388, and 398 can be hardware circuits that are part of or coupled to the processors 332, 384, and 394 that, when executed, cause the UE 302, the base stations 304, and the network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. In other aspects, the positioning component 342, 388, and 398 can be external to the processors 332, 384, and 394 (e.g., part of a modem processing system, integrated with another processing system, etc.). Alternatively, the positioning component 342, 388, and 398 can be memory modules stored in the memory 340, 386, and 396, respectively, that, when executed by the processors 332, 384, and 394 (or a modem processing system, another processing system, etc.) cause the UE 302, the base stations 304, and the network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. Figure 3A Possible locations of the positioning component 342 are illustrated, which can be part of, for example, the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the memory 340, the one or more processors 332, or any combination thereof, or can be a standalone component. Figure 3BPossible locations for positioning component 388 are illustrated, which can be part of, for example, one or more WWAN transceivers 350, memory 386, one or more processors 384, or any combination thereof, or can be a standalone component. Figure 3C Possible locations for positioning component 398 are illustrated, which can be part of, for example, one or more network transceivers 390, memory 396, one or more processors 394, or any combination thereof, or can be a standalone component.

[0095] UE 302 can include one or more sensors 344 coupled to one or more processors 332 to provide means for sensing or detecting movement and / or orientation information unrelated to motion data derived from signals received by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, and / or satellite signal receiver 330. By way of example, sensors 344 can include an accelerometer (e.g., a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device), a gyroscope, a geomagnetic sensor (e.g., a compass), an altimeter (e.g., a barometric altimeter), and / or any other type of movement detection sensor. Moreover, sensors 344 can include multiple different types of devices and combine their outputs in order to provide motion information. For example, sensors 344 can use a combination of a multi-axis accelerometer and an orientation sensor to provide the ability to compute positioning in two-dimensional (2D) and / or three-dimensional (3D) coordinate systems.

[0096] Further, UE 302 includes user interface 346 that provides means for providing indications (e.g., audible and / or visual indications) to a user and / or for receiving user input (e.g., upon user actuation of a sensing device, such as a keypad, a touch screen, a microphone, etc.). Although not shown, base station 304 and network entity 306 can also include user interfaces.

[0097] Referring to the one or more processors 384 in more detail, in the downlink, IP packets from the network entity 306 can be provided to the processor 384. The one or more processors 384 can implement functionality for a RRC layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The one or more processors 384 can provide RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., master information block (MIB), system information blocks (SIBs)), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error detection at the lower layers, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0098] The transmitter 354 and the receiver 352 can implement layer 1 (LI) functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer, can include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to physical channels, modulation / demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing. The transmitter 354 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols can then be split into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to a subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM symbol stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams if multiple antennas are used. Channel estimates from a channel estimator can be used to determine the spatial

[0099] At the UE 302, the receiver 312 receives a signal through its respective antenna(s) 316. The receiver 312 recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the one or more processors 332. The transmitter 314 and the receiver 312 implement Layer- 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The receiver 312 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 302. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 302, they can be combined into a single OFDM symbol stream by the receiver 312. The receiver 312 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 304. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates computed by the channel estimator. The soft decisions are then decoded and de-interleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted on the physical channel by the base station 304. The data and control signals are then provided to the one or more processors 332, which implement Layer-3 (L3) and Layer-2 (L2) functionality.

[0100] On the downlink, the one or more processors 332 provide demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the core network. The one or more processors 332 are also responsible for error detection.

[0101] Similar to the functionality described in connection with the downlink transmission by the base station 304, the one or more processors 332 provide RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0102] The channel estimate derived by the channel estimator from the reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 304 can be used by the transmitter 314 to select an appropriate decoding and modulation scheme and facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by the transmitter 314 can be provided to different antennas 316. The transmitter 314 can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate the RF carrier for transmission.

[0103] Uplink transmissions are processed at base station 304 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver function at UE 302. Receiver 352 receives signals via its corresponding antenna 356. Receiver 352 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides this information to one or more processors 384.

[0104] In the uplink, one or more processors 384 provide demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transport channel and the logical channel to recover IP packets from UE 302. IP packets from one or more processors 384 can be provided to the core network. One or more processors 384 are also responsible for error detection.

[0105] For convenience, UE 302, base station 304 and / or network entity 306 are in Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C The document is shown as including various components that can be configured according to the various examples described herein. However, it should be understood that the illustrated components may have different functionalities in different designs. In particular, Figures 3A-3C Various components are optional in alternative configurations, and various aspects include configurations that can vary due to design choices, cost, equipment usage, or other considerations. For example, in Figure 3A In certain cases, specific implementations of UE 302 may omit WWAN transceiver 310 (e.g., wearable devices, tablets, personal computers (PCs), or laptops may have Wi-Fi and / or (Without cellular capability), or the short-range wireless transceiver 320 can be omitted (e.g., cellular only), or the satellite signal receiver 330 can be omitted, or the sensor 344 can be omitted, etc. For example, in... Figure 3B In certain cases, specific implementations of base station 304 may omit WWAN transceiver 350 (e.g., a Wi-Fi "hotspot" access point without cellular capabilities), or short-range wireless transceiver 360 (e.g., cellular only), or satellite signal receiver 370, etc. For the sake of brevity, examples of various alternative configurations are not provided herein, but will be readily understood by those skilled in the art.

[0106] Various components of UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 can be communicatively coupled to each other via data buses 334, 382, ​​and 392, respectively. In one aspect, data buses 334, 382, ​​and 392 can form or be part of the communication interfaces of UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306, respectively. For example, in cases where different logical entities are embodied in the same device (e.g., gNB and location server functionality integrated into the same base station 304), data buses 334, 382, ​​and 392 can provide communication between these different logical entities.

[0107] Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C The components can be implemented in various ways. In some specific implementations, Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C The components can be implemented in one or more circuits, such as, for example, one or more processors and / or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processors). Here, each circuit may use and / or combine at least one memory component for storing information or executable code used by the circuit to provide that functionality. For example, some or all of the functionalities represented by blocks 310 to 346 may be implemented by the processor and memory components of UE 302 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). Similarly, some or all of the functionalities represented by blocks 350 to 388 may be implemented by the processor and memory components of base station 304 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). Moreover, some or all of the functionalities represented by blocks 390 to 398 may be implemented by the processor and memory components of network entity 306 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). For simplicity, various operations, actions, and / or functions are described herein as being performed "by the UE," "by the base station," "by the network entity," etc. However, as will be understood, such operations, actions and / or functions can actually be performed by specific components or combinations of components of the UE 302, base station 304, network entity 306, etc. (such as processors 332, 384, 394, transceivers 310, 320, 350 and 360, memory 340, 386 and 396, positioning components 342, 388 and 398, etc.).

[0108] In some designs, the network entity 306 can be implemented as a component of a core network. In other designs, the network entity 306 can be distinct from the operation of a network operator or cellular network infrastructure (e.g., NG RAN 220 and / or 5GC 210 / 260). For example, the network entity 306 can be a component of a private network that can be configured to communicate with the UE 302 via the base station 304 or independent of the base station 304 (e.g., through a non-cellular communication link such as Wi-Fi).

[0109] NR supports a variety of cellular network-based positioning techniques, including downlink-based, uplink-based, and downlink-and-uplink-based positioning methods. Downlink-based positioning methods include observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) in LTE, downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA) in NR, and downlink angle of departure (DL-AoD) in NR. Figure 4 Examples of various positioning methods in accordance with aspects of the disclosure are illustrated. In an OTDOA or DL-TDOA positioning procedure illustrated by scenario 410, a UE measures the differences between the times of arrival (ToAs) of reference signals (e.g., positioning reference signals (PRS)) received from pairs of base stations (referred to as reference signal time difference (RSTD) or time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements) and reports these differences to a positioning entity. More specifically, the UE receives the identifiers (IDs) of a reference base station (e.g., a serving base station) and multiple non-reference base stations in assistance data. The UE then measures the RSTD between the reference base station and each non-reference base station. Based on the known locations of the involved base stations and the RSTD measurements, the positioning entity (e.g., a UE for UE-based positioning or a location server for UE-assisted positioning) can estimate the location of the UE.

[0110] For DL-AoD positioning illustrated by scenario 420, the positioning entity determines the angles between the UE and the transmitting base stations using signal strength measurements from the UE’s measurement report regarding the reception of multiple downlink transmit beams. The positioning entity can then estimate the location of the UE based on the determined angles and the known locations of the transmitting base stations.

[0111] Uplink-based positioning methods include uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA) and uplink angle of arrival (UL-AoA). UL-TDOA is similar to DL-TDOA but is based on uplink reference signals (e.g., sounding reference signals (SRS)) transmitted by the UE to multiple base stations. Specifically, the UE transmits one or more uplink reference signals, which are measured by a reference base station and multiple non-reference base stations. Each base station then reports the time of reception of the reference signal (known as the relative time of arrival (RTOA)) to a positioning entity (e.g., a location server) that knows the locations and relative timing of the involved base stations. Based on the reported RTOAs between the reference base station and each non-reference base station, the known locations of the base stations, and their known timing offsets, the positioning entity can estimate the location of the UE using TDOA.

[0112] For UL-AoA positioning, one or more base stations measure the received signal strength of one or more uplink reference signals (e.g., SRS) received from the UE on one or more uplink receive beams. The positioning entity uses the signal strength measurements and the angles of the receive beams to determine the angle between the UE and the base station. Based on the determined angle and the known locations of the base stations, the positioning entity can then estimate the location of the UE.

[0113] Downlink- and uplink-based positioning methods include Enhanced Cell-ID (E-CID) positioning and Multilateration (also referred to as “Multi-Cell RTT” and “Multi-RTT”). In an RTT procedure, a first entity (e.g., a base station or a UE) transmits a first RTT-related signal (e.g., a PRS or SRS) to a second entity (e.g., a UE or a base station), which transmits a second RTT-related signal (e.g., an SRS or PRS) back to the first entity. Each entity measures the time difference between the arrival time (ToA) of the received RTT-related signal and the transmission time of the transmitted RTT-related signal. This time difference is referred to as the receive-to-transmit (Rx-Tx) time difference. The Rx-Tx time difference measurement can be made or adjusted to include only the time difference between the closest time slot boundaries of the received and transmitted signals. Both entities can then communicate their Rx-Tx time difference measurements to a location server (e.g., LMF 270), which computes the round trip propagation time (i.e., RTT) between the two entities from these two Rx-Tx time difference measurements (e.g., as the sum of these two Rx-Tx time difference measurements). Alternatively, one entity can communicate its Rx-Tx time difference measurement to the other entity, which then computes the RTT. The distance between the two entities can be determined from the RTT and the known speed of signal (e.g., the speed of light). For Multi-RTT positioning illustrated by scenario 430, a first entity (e.g., a UE or a base station) performs an RTT positioning procedure with multiple second entities (e.g., multiple base stations or UEs) to enable determination of the position of the first entity based on distances to the second entities and known positions of the second entities (e.g., using multilateration). RTT and Multi-RTT methods can be combined with other positioning techniques, such as UL-AoA and DL-AoD, to improve position accuracy, as illustrated by scenario 440.

[0114] E-CID positioning methods are based on radio resource management (RRM) measurements. In E-CID, a UE reports the serving cell ID, timing advance (TA), and identifiers of detected neighbor base stations, estimated timing, and signal strength. The UE’s position is then estimated based on this information and known locations of the base stations.

[0115] To assist in positioning operations, a location server (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272) can provide assistance data to a UE. For example, the assistance data can include identifiers of base stations (or cells / TRPs of base stations) from which to measure reference signals, reference signal configuration parameters (e.g., including a number of consecutive time slots comprising a PRS, a periodicity of consecutive time slots comprising a PRS, a muting sequence, a frequency hopping sequence, a reference signal identifier, a reference signal bandwidth, etc.), and / or other parameters applicable to a particular positioning method. Alternatively, the assistance data can originate directly from the base stations themselves (e.g., in periodically broadcasted overhead messages, etc.). In some cases, the UE can be able to detect neighboring network nodes without the use of assistance data.

[0116] In the case of OTDOA or DL-TDOA positioning procedures, the assistance data can also include an expected RSTD value and an associated uncertainty or search window around the expected RSTD. In some cases, the expected RSTD can have a value range of + / - 500 microseconds (ps). In some cases, the uncertainty of the expected RSTD can have a value range of + / - 32 ps when any of the resources used for positioning measurements are in FR1. In other cases, the uncertainty of the expected RSTD can have a value range of + / - 8 ps when all of the resources used for positioning measurements are in FR2.

[0117] A location estimate can be called by other names, such as a position estimate, a location, a fix, a fix, etc. A location estimate can be geodetic and include coordinates (e.g., latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude), or can be civic and include a street address, a postal address, or some other spoken description of a location. A location estimate can be further defined relative to some other known location or defined in absolute terms (e.g., using latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude). A location estimate can include an expected error or uncertainty (e.g., by including an area or volume within which the location is expected to be with some specified or default confidence).

[0118] Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) is used point-to-point between a location server (e.g., LMF 270) and a target device (e.g., UE) in order to position the target device using positioning-related measurements obtained by one or more reference sources (physical entities or parts of physical entities that provide signals that can be measured by the target device in order to obtain a position of the target device). An LPP session is used between the location server and the target device in order to obtain position-related measurements or a position estimate, or to transfer assistance data. Currently, a single LPP session is used to support a single position request, and multiple LPP sessions can be used between the same endpoints to support multiple different position requests. Each LPP session includes one or more LPP transactions (or procedures), where each LPP transaction performs a single operation (capability exchange, assistance data transfer, or position information transfer). Each LPP transaction involves the exchange of one or more LPP messages between the location server and the target device. The general format of an LPP message consists of a set of common fields followed by a body. The body (which can be empty) contains information specific to the particular message type. Each message type contains information specific to one or more positioning methods and / or information common to all positioning methods.

[0119] An LPP session typically includes at least a capability transfer or indication procedure, an assistance data transfer or delivery procedure, and a position information transfer or delivery procedure. Figure 5 Example LPP capability transfer procedures 510, LPP assistance data transfer procedures 530, and LPP position information transfer procedures 550 between a target device (labeled “Target”) and a location server (labeled “Server”) are illustrated in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0120] The purpose of the LPP capability transfer procedure 510 is to enable the transfer of capabilities from the target device (e.g., UE 204) to the location server (e.g., LMF 270). In this context, capabilities refer to LPP-related positioning and protocol capabilities and positioning methods supported by LPP. In the LPP capability transfer procedure 510, the location server (e.g., LMF 270) indicates the type of capabilities required from the target device (e.g., UE 204) in an LPP Request Capabilities message. The target device responds with an LPP Provide Capabilities message. The capabilities included in the LPP Provide Capabilities message shall correspond to any capability types specified in the LPP Request Capabilities message. Specifically, for each positioning method for which a request for capabilities is included in the LPP Request Capabilities message, the target device includes the target device’s capabilities for the supported positioning method in the LPP Provide Capabilities message if the target device supports the positioning method. For the LPP capability indication procedure, the target device provides capabilities to the location server in the LPP Provide Capabilities message unsolicited (i.e., without receiving an LPP Request Capabilities message).

[0121] The purpose of the LPP assistance data transfer procedure 530 is to enable a target device to request assistance data from a location server to assist in positioning and for a location server to transfer assistance data to a target device without a request. In the LPP assistance data transfer procedure 530, a target device transmits an LPP Request Assistance Data message to a location server. The location server responds to the target device with an LPP Provide Assistance Data message containing assistance data. The transferred assistance data shall match or be a subset of the assistance data requested in the LPP Request Assistance Data. The location server can also provide any unrequested information that it deems useful to the target device. The location server can also send one or more additional LPP Provide Assistance Data messages to the target device containing further assistance data. For the LPP assistance data delivery procedure, the location server provides unsolicited assistance data necessary for positioning. Assistance data can be provided periodically or aperiodically.

[0122] The purpose of the LPP position information transfer procedure 550 is to enable a location server to request position measurement data and / or a position estimate from a target device and for a target device to transfer position measurement data and / or a position estimate to a location server without a request. In the LPP position information transfer procedure 550, a location server transmits an LPP Request Location Information message to a target device to request position information, indicating the type of position information required and potentially associated QoS. The target device responds to the location server with an LPP Provide Location Information message to transfer position information. Unless the location server explicitly allows additional position information, the transferred position information shall match or be a subset of the position information requested by the LPP Request Location Information. More specifically, the target device includes the requested information in the LPP Provide Location Information message if the requested information is compatible with the capabilities and configuration of the target device. Otherwise, if the target device does not support one or more of the requested positioning methods, the target device continues processing the message as if the message contained only information for the supported positioning methods and handles the signaling content for the unsupported positioning methods through LPP error detection. The target device transmits additional LPP Provide Location Information messages to the location server to transfer additional position information if requested by the LPP Request Location Information message. The LPP position information delivery procedure supports delivery of unsolicited service-based positioning estimates.

[0123] LPP also defines procedures related to error indications when a receiving endpoint (target device or location server) receives erroneous or unexpected data or detects some data loss. Specifically, when a receiving endpoint determines that a received LPP message contains an error, the receiving endpoint can return an error message to the sending endpoint indicating one or more errors and discard the received / erroneous message. If the receiving endpoint is able to determine that the erroneous LPP message is an LPP error or abort message, the receiving endpoint discards the received message without needing to return an error message to the sending endpoint.

[0124] LPP also defines procedures related to abort indications to allow a target device or location server to abort an ongoing procedure due to some unexpected event (e.g., LCS client cancellation of a location request). Abort procedures can also be used to stop an ongoing procedure (e.g., periodic location reporting from a target device). In an abort procedure, a first endpoint determines that a procedure P must be aborted and transmits an abort message to a second endpoint carrying the transaction ID of procedure P. The second endpoint then aborts procedure P.

[0125] Various frame structures can be used to support downlink and uplink transmissions between network nodes (e.g., base stations and UEs). Figure 6 FIG. 600 is a diagram 600 illustrating an example frame structure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The frame structure can be a downlink or uplink frame structure. Other wireless communication technologies can have different frame structures and / or different channels.

[0126] LTE (and in some cases NR) uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) on the downlink and Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink. However, unlike LTE, NR also has the option to use OFDM on the uplink. OFDM and SC-FDM divide the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are often referred to as tones, frequency slots, etc. Each subcarrier can be modulated using data. Generally, modulation symbols are transmitted using OFDM in the frequency domain and SC-FDM in the time domain. The spacing between adjacent subcarriers can be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) can depend on the system bandwidth. For example, the subcarrier spacing can be 15 kHz, and the minimum resource allocation (resource block) can be 12 subcarriers (or 180 kHz). Therefore, for system bandwidths of 1.25 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, or 20 MHz, the nominal Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) size can be equal to 128, 256, 512, 1024, or 2048, respectively. The system bandwidth can also be divided into subbands. For example, a subband can cover 1.08 MHz (i.e., 6 resource blocks), and for system bandwidths of 1.25 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, or 20 MHz, there can be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 subbands, respectively.

[0127] LTE supports a single set of parameters (subcarrier spacing (SCS), symbol length, etc.). In contrast, NR can support multiple sets of parameters (μ), for example, subcarrier spacings of 15kHz (μ=0), 30kHz (μ=1), 60kHz (μ=2), 120kHz (μ=3), and 240kHz (μ=4) or larger can be available. Within each subcarrier spacing, there are 14 symbols per time slot. For a 15kHz SCS (μ=0), there is one time slot per subframe, 10 time slots per frame, a time slot duration of 1 millisecond (ms), a symbol duration of 66.7 microseconds (μs), and a maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) of 4K FFT size. For a 30kHz SCS (μ=1), there are two time slots per subframe, 20 time slots per frame, a time slot duration of 0.5ms, a symbol duration of 33.3μs, and a maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) of 4K FFT size. For a 60kHz SCS (μ=2), there are four time slots per subframe, 40 time slots per frame, a time slot duration of 0.25ms, a symbol duration of 16.7μs, and a maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) of 4K FFT size. For a 120kHz SCS (μ=3), there are eight time slots per subframe, 80 time slots per frame, a time slot duration of 0.125ms, a symbol duration of 8.33μs, and a maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) of 4K FFT size. For a 240kHz SCS (μ=4), there are 16 time slots per subframe, 160 time slots per frame, a time slot duration of 0.0625ms, a symbol duration of 4.17μs, and a maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) of 4K FFT size.

[0128] exist Figure 6 In the example, a parameter set of 15kHz is used. Therefore, in the time domain, a 10ms frame is divided into 10 equal-sized subframes, each 1ms long, and each subframe includes one time slot. Figure 6 In the diagram, time is represented horizontally (on the X-axis), with time increasing from left to right, while frequency is represented vertically (on the Y-axis), with frequency increasing (or decreasing) from bottom to top.

[0129] A resource grid can be used to represent time slots, each time slot comprising one or more concurrent resource blocks (RBs) (also known as physical RBs (PRBs)) in the frequency domain. The resource grid is further divided into multiple resource elements (REs). An RE corresponds to a symbol length in the time domain and a subcarrier in the frequency domain. Figure 6An RB can contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and seven consecutive symbols in the time domain for normal cyclic prefix, or six consecutive symbols in the time domain for extended cyclic prefix, for a total of 84 or 72 REs, respectively. The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0130] Some of the REs can carry reference (pilot) signals (RS). These reference signals can include positioning reference signals (PRS), tracking reference signals (TRS), phase tracking reference signals (PTRS), cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), primary synchronization signals (PSS), secondary synchronization signals (SSS), synchronization signal blocks (SSBs), sounding reference signals (SRS), etc., depending on whether the illustrated frame structure is used for uplink or downlink communications. Figure 6 Example locations of REs carrying reference signals are illustrated (labeled “R”).

[0131] A set of resource elements (REs) used for the transmission of a PRS is referred to as a “PRS resource.” The set of resource elements can span multiple PRBs in the frequency domain and “N” (such as 1 or more) consecutive symbols within a slot in the time domain. In a given OFDM symbol in the time domain, a PRS resource occupies consecutive PRBs in the frequency domain.

[0132] The transmission of a PRS resource within a given PRB has a particular comb size (also referred to as “comb density”). The comb size “N” represents the subcarrier spacing (or frequency / tone spacing) within each symbol of the PRS resource configuration. Specifically, for a comb size “N,” the PRS is transmitted in every Nth subcarrier of one symbol of the PRB. For example, for comb-4, for each symbol of the PRS resource configuration, the REs corresponding to every fourth subcarrier (such as subcarriers 0, 4, 8) are used to transmit the PRS of the PRS resource. Currently, comb sizes of comb-2, comb-4, comb-6, and comb-12 are supported for DL-PRS. Figure 6 An example PRS resource configuration for comb-4 (which spans four symbols) is illustrated. That is, the locations of the shaded REs (labeled “R”) indicate a comb-4 PRS resource configuration.

[0133] Currently, DL-PRS resources use a full frequency domain interlaced pattern that can span 2, 4, 6, or 12 consecutive symbols within a slot. A DL-PRS resource can be configured in any downlink or flexible (FL) symbol of a slot that is configured by higher layers. There can be a constant energy per resource element (EPRE) for all REs of a given DL-PRS resource. The following are the per-symbol frequency offsets for comb sizes 2, 4, 6, and 12 over 2, 4, 6, and 12 symbols. 2-symbol comb-2: {0, 1}; 4-symbol comb-2: {0, 1, 0, 1}; 6-symbol comb-2: {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1}; 12-symbol comb-2: {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1}; 4-symbol comb-4: {0, 2, 1, 3} (as in the example of Figure 6 FIG. 1); 12-symbol comb-4: {0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3}; 6-symbol comb-6: {0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5}; 12-symbol comb-6: {0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5, 0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5}; and 12-symbol comb-12: {0, 6, 3, 9, 1, 7, 4, 10, 2, 8, 5, 11}.

[0134] A “PRS resource set” is a set of PRS resources used to transmit PRS signals, where each PRS resource has a PRS resource ID. Further, the PRS resources in a PRS resource set are associated with the same TRP. A PRS resource set is identified by a PRS resource set ID and is associated with a particular TRP (identified by a TRP ID). Further, the PRS resources in a PRS resource set have the same periodicity, a common muting pattern configuration, and the same repetition factor (such as “PRS-ResourceRepetitionFactor”) across slots. The periodicity is the time from a first repetition of a first PRS resource of a first PRS instance to the same first repetition of the same first PRS resource of a next PRS instance. The periodicity can have a length selected from 2^m * {4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 32, 40, 64, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280, 2560, 5120, 10240} slots, where m = 0, 1, 2, 3. The repetition factor can have a length selected from {1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32} slots.

[0135] A PRS resource ID in a PRS resource set is associated with a single beam (or beam ID) transmitted from a single TRP (where one TRP can transmit one or more beams). That is, each PRS resource in a PRS resource set can be transmitted on a different beam, and thus a “PRS resource” (or simply “resource”) can also be referred to as a “beam.” Note that this does not have any implications on whether the TRP and beam on which the PRS is transmitted is known to the UE.

[0136] A “PRS instance” or “PRS occasion” is one instance of a periodically repeating time window (such as a set of one or more consecutive slots) in which PRS is expected to be transmitted. A PRS occasion can also be referred to as a “PRS positioning occasion,” “PRS positioning instance,” “positioning occasion,” “positioning instance,” “positioning repetition,” or simply “occasion,” “instance,” or “repetition.”

[0137] A “positioning frequency layer” (also simply referred to as a “frequency layer”) is a set of one or more PRS resource sets across one or more TRPs that have the same values for certain parameters. Specifically, the set of PRS resource sets have the same subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix (CP) type (meaning that all numerologies supported for physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) are also supported for PRS), the same point A, the same value of downlink PRS bandwidth, the same starting PRB (and center frequency), and the same comb size. The point A parameter takes the value of the parameter “ARFCN-ValueNR” (where “ARFCN” stands for “absolute radio frequency channel number”) and is an identifier / code that specifies a pair of physical radio channels for transmission and reception. The downlink PRS bandwidth can have a granularity of four PRBs, with a minimum value of 24 PRBs and a maximum value of 272 PRBs. Currently, up to four frequency layers have been defined, and up to two PRS resource sets per TRP per frequency layer can be configured.

[0138] The concept of a frequency layer is somewhat analogous to the concepts of component carriers and bandwidth parts (BWPs), but with the difference that component carriers and BWPs are used by one base station (or macrocell base station and small cell base station) to transmit data channels, whereas a frequency layer is used by several (typically three or more) base stations to transmit PRS. A UE can indicate the number of frequency layers it can support when the UE communicates its positioning capabilities to the network, such as during an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) session. For example, a UE can indicate whether it can support one or four positioning frequency layers.

[0139] It should be noted that the terms "location reference signal" and "PRS" generally refer to specific reference signals used for positioning in NR and LTE systems. However, as used herein, the terms "location reference signal" and "PRS" can also refer to any type of reference signal that can be used for positioning, such as, but not limited to, PRS, TRS, PTRS, CRS, CSI-RS, DMRS, PSS, SSS, SSB, SRS, UL-PRS, etc., as defined in LTE and NR. Furthermore, the terms "location reference signal" and "PRS" can refer to downlink positioning reference signals, uplink positioning reference signals, or sidelink positioning reference signals, unless otherwise indicated by the context. If further distinction is required regarding the type of PRS, downlink positioning reference signals can be referred to as "DL-PRS," uplink positioning reference signals (e.g., positioning SRS, i.e., PTRS) as "UL-PRS," and sidelink positioning reference signals as "SL-PRS." Furthermore, for signals that can be transmitted in the downlink, uplink, and / or sidelink (e.g., DMRS), these signals may be preceded by "DL", "UL", or "SL" to distinguish the direction. For example, "UL-DMRS" may be different from "DL-DMRS".

[0140] DL-PRS is typically transmitted over the entire bandwidth supported by the base station. However, a receiver (e.g., a UE) may not be able to measure the PRS transmitted over that entire bandwidth within a single time interval (e.g., one or more symbols or time slots). One technique for increasing the bandwidth of the measured PRS is cross-frequency domain PRS aggregation (referred to as "bandwidth aggregation" or "frequency domain stitching") and / or cross-time domain PRS aggregation (referred to as "time domain stitching"). In frequency domain PRS bandwidth aggregation, the PRS is measured over multiple preferred consecutive bandwidth intervals (e.g., Positioning Frequency Layer (PFL), Bandwidth Part (BWP), or groups of consecutive PRBs) within one or more component carriers, frequency bands, or other bandwidth portions. By measuring the PRS over multiple bandwidth intervals, the effective bandwidth of the PRS is increased, thereby increasing the accuracy of the positioning measurement.

[0141] Figure 7 Figure 700 illustrates an example of DL-PRS bandwidth aggregation based on various aspects of this disclosure. (See Figure 700.) Figure 7 As shown, the PRS (labeled "PRS1") is measured on corresponding bandwidth intervals 710-1, 710-2, and 710-3 (labeled "BW1", "BW2", and "BW3", respectively) within a given frequency band (labeled "B1"). Bandwidth intervals 710-1, 710-2, and 710-3 (collectively referred to as bandwidth interval 710) can be, for example, a locating frequency layer. Frequency band "B1" can be a band within FR1 or FR2.

[0142] exist Figure 7In this diagram, time is represented horizontally, and frequency is represented vertically. Therefore, in... Figure 7 In the example, the three bandwidth intervals 710 are continuous in the frequency domain. Although Figure 7 An example of a single frequency band "B1" is given, but bandwidth 710 can be modified to span multiple frequency bands (possibly both FR1 and FR2), with or without guard bands between different frequency bands. Furthermore, bandwidth 710 can span one or more component carriers within one or more frequency bands. Additionally, although... Figure 7 The PRS measured over three bandwidth intervals 710 is illustrated, but it should be understood that the PRS may be measured over only two bandwidth intervals 710 or over more than three bandwidth intervals 710.

[0143] In the time domain, PRS can refer to PRS timing, PRS resources, time slots containing PRS, etc. PRS should generally be identical to each other, except that they are measured over different bandwidth intervals (710). However, although... Figure 7 The PRS in the code is exemplified as starting and ending simultaneously, but this is not always the case, and some PRS may start or end at the same time or have a different length than other PRS.

[0144] To achieve DL-PRS bandwidth aggregation between PRS in two or three different PFLs, various conditions must be met for aggregated PRS resources from a TRP across aggregated PFLs. For example, aggregated PRS resources from a TRP across aggregated PFLs should be in the same time slot, in the same symbol, by the same TRP associated with the same allocation and reservation priority (ARP), and from the same RF chain (i.e., the same antenna). Additionally, aggregated PRS resources should have the same QCL, the same number of symbols, symbol positions and repetition factors within a time slot, the same parameter set (i.e., the same cyclic prefix and SCS), the same or different bandwidths, the same comb size, and the same per-subcarrier power. Furthermore, aggregated PFLs should be configured on the same aligned parameter set grid, and phase continuity should exist between aggregated PFLs. Whether PRS resources share the same gNB transmit timing error group (TxTEG) and the same UE receive timing error group (RxTEG), maximum transmit timing error margin, same periodicity and slot offset, same silence mode, and / or the same "NR-DL-PRS-SFN0-Offset" parameter currently depends on the specific implementation. Similarly, whether the same number of PRS resource sets and resources should exist for TRP, or how to maintain a continuous PRS mode across aggregated bandwidth even in the presence of guard tones (e.g., PFLs with different RE offset configurations, PFLs with different point A), currently depends on the specific implementation.

[0145] For PRS bandwidth aggregation across PFLs, it has been agreed to support certain PRS configuration enhancements for the location server to inform the UE (or for the NG-RAN to inform the location server) of two or three PFLs for which PRS resources are linked. It has also been agreed to support joint measurement and reporting of PRS resources for DL-TDOA and Multi-RTT positioning methods for cross-PFL aggregation. In this case, in the measurement report element, it has been agreed that a single RSTD or a single UE Rx-Tx time difference can be reported for PRS resources across aggregated PFLs. It has also been agreed to support location server initiated and UE initiated on-demand PRS for PRS bandwidth aggregation, and to support preconfigured on-demand PRS across PFLs for PRS bandwidth aggregation. Finally, it has been agreed to support PRS measurements by the UE across multiple aggregated PFLs in RRC connected, RRC inactive, and RRC idle states.

[0146] Currently, a UE is expected to report one or more measurement instances (RSTD, downlink RSRP, and / or UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements) to a location server in a single measurement report (e.g., LPP Provide Location Information message) for UE-assisted positioning (there is no such reporting for UE-based positioning). Each measurement instance is reported with its own timestamp, and the measurement instances can be within a (configured) measurement window. Note that a measurement instance refers to one or more measurements, which can be of the same or different types, and are obtained from the same DL-PRS resource.

[0147] A UE is configured with a measurement period (also referred to as a “measurement window”) during which the UE is expected to measure PRS. For example, the measurement period for PRS RSTD measurements is specified as:

[0148]

[0149] In the above equations:

[0150] - i is the index of the positioning frequency layer;

[0151] - L is the total number of positioning frequency layers;

[0152] - T effect,i is the periodicity of PRS RSTD measurements in positioning frequency layer i.

[0153]

[0154] - T RSTD,i is the measurement period for PRS RSTD measurements in positioning frequency layer i, as specified below:

[0155] - N RxBeam,iis the UE receive beam sweeping factor. In FR1, N RxBeam,i = 1, and in FR2, N RxBeam,i = 8. Note that the more receive beams, the more PRS resources the UE needs;

[0156] - CSSF PRS,i is the carrier-specific scaling factor (CSSF) for NR PRS based positioning measurements in frequency layer i;

[0157]

[0158] - is the maximum number of DL PRS resources in the configured positioning frequency layer i in a slot;

[0159] - N' is the UE capability of the number of DL-PRS resources the UE can process in a slot, as indicated by the “maxNumOfDL-PRS-ResProcessedPerSlot” LPP IE.

[0160] - L available_PRS,i is the duration of available PRS in the positioning frequency layer i to be measured during T available_PRS,i , and is computed in the same way as PRS duration K. For the computation of L available_PRS,i , only PRS resources that are not muted and fully or partially overlap with the measurement gap are considered;

[0161] - N sample is the number of PRS RSTD measurement samples. As an example, N sample = 4;

[0162] - T last,i is the measurement duration for the last PRS RSTD sample in the positioning frequency layer i, including sampling time and processing time;

[0163] - T i corresponds to the “durationOfPRS-ProcessingSymbolsInEveryTms” LPP IE;

[0164] - T available_PRS,i = LCM(T PRS,i , MGRP i ), the least common multiple between T PRS,i and MGRP i ;

[0165] - MGRP i is the repetition periodicity of the measurement gap applicable for measurements in PRS frequency layer i - T PRS,i is the periodicity of DL-PRS resources on frequency layer i;​

[0166] {N,T} is the UE capability combination per band, where N is the duration of DL-PRS symbols in milliseconds (ms) corresponding to the “durationOfPRS-ProcessingSymbols” LPP IE processed once every T ms corresponding to the “durationOfPRS-ProcessingSymbolsInEveryTms” LPP IE for a given maximum bandwidth corresponding to the “supportedBandwidthPRS” LPP IE supported by the UE.

[0167] Note that while the above is directed to PRS RSTD measurements, the same or similar equations and parameters can be used for other types of measurements (e.g., Rx-Tx time difference measurements, RSRP measurements, etc.).

[0168] The measurement period (or measurement window) for each positioning frequency layer depends on (1) the reporting capability of the UE (e.g., according to Table 2), (2) the PRS periodicity (T PRS or T PRS), (3) the measurement gap periodicity (expected that the UE does not do so without a measurement gap in which to measure PRS), and (4) the number of receive beams of the UE (if operating under FR2).

[0169] Figure 8 is a diagram 800 illustrating an example DL-PRS measurement scenario in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In Figure 8 , time is represented horizontally. The arrow represents a PRS periodicity 810 of 20 ms, and the boxes represent PRS resources 820 within the PRS periodicity 810, which have a duration of 0.5 ms of PRS symbols in milliseconds.

[0170] Based on the above considerations related to the length of the measurement period, Figure 8 The minimum DL-PRS measurement period in the example of RxBeam,i = 1, (4) N sample= 4 samples, meaning that the DL-PRS RSTD measurements are performed over four DL-PRS periods (i.e., four repetitions of the PRS periodicity 810), (5) the PRS periodicity 810 and the measurement gap periodicity (denoted as “measurement gap repetition period” or “MGRP”) are both equal to 20 ms, and (6) the configured PRS resources are within the UE’s PRS processing capability (N, T) = (0.5 ms, 8 ms). For the fourth assumption, the parameters (N, T) = (0.5 ms, 8 ms), where N is the duration of PRS resources 820 in milliseconds that the UE can process per T = 8 ms. Thus, after the last PRS periodicity 810, there is an 8 ms period (i.e., T) during which the UE processes the PRS resources 820 received during the four PRS periodicities 810, resulting in a total latency of 88.5 ms.

[0171] There is a measurement period, such that there is a common understanding of how long the UE needs before it reports the measurements. This information is useful so that the location server can obtain a guarantee on the latency of the positioning service.

[0172] The current assumption is that the UE can measure at least four “samples” before reporting the measurements back to the network. Specifically, with respect to the above measurement period stipulation, it is assumed that N sample = 4 samples is expected to be used by the UE to derive the measurements (as in the example of Figure 8 However, if the measurement gap pattern is reconfigured during the measurement period of one or more positioning frequency layers, the measurement period can be longer.

[0173] With respect to PRS aggregation across positioning frequency layers (PFLs), there are different scenarios of interest that can impact the measurement period. In a first scenario, a UE can be configured with two PFLs (denoted as “PFL1” and “PFL2”) in the positioning assistance data (e.g., received via the LPP Assistance Data Transfer procedure 530). The assistance data can indicate that the two PFLs can be aggregated. As a first case, the assistance data can indicate that all PRS resources can be aggregated, or as a second case, only some of the PRS resources can be aggregated. The UE can receive a position request to report aggregated measurements of the PRS resources (e.g., via the LPP Position Information Transfer procedure 550). The UE can also optionally report legacy measurements in the same measurement report.

[0174] In a second scenario, the UE can be configured with four PFLs (denoted as “PFL1”, “PFL2”, “PFL3”, and “PFL4”) in the positioning assistance data (e.g., received via LPP assistance data transfer procedure 530). The assistance data can indicate that two PFLs (e.g., “PFL1” and “PFL2”) can be aggregated. As a first case, the assistance data can indicate that all PRS resources in PFL1 and PFL2 can be aggregated, or as a second case, only some of the PRS resources can be aggregated. The UE can receive a position request to report aggregated measurements of PRS resources (e.g., via LPP position information transfer procedure 550). The UE can also optionally report legacy measurements in the same measurement report.

[0175] The present disclosure provides techniques for formulating PRS measurement periods to account for aggregated PRS processing across multiple positioning frequency layers. With respect to a first scenario of interest (two positioning frequency layers), Figure 9 A first example of formulating PRS measurement periods for PRS aggregation across two positioning frequency layers is illustrated in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in diagram 900, the UE has been configured with two positioning frequency layers (denoted as “PFL1” and “PFL2”) in the positioning assistance data (e.g., received via LPP assistance data transfer procedure 530), each containing two PRS resources (denoted as “PRS11” and “PRS12” in PFL1 and “PRS21” and “PRS22” in PFL2). The UE is further configured to aggregate PRS11 and PRS21 in the assistance data or a position information request. That is, PRS11 and PRS21 are “linked” for PRS aggregation purposes.

[0176] As shown in diagram 950, the UE needs one measurement period (e.g., T RSTD,i ) for measuring PRS11 and PRS12 in PFL1 (denoted as “MP-PFL1”), and another measurement period (e.g., T RSTD,Total ) for measuring PRS21 and PRS22 in PFL2 (denoted as “MP-PFL2”). The UE can treat the aggregation of PRS11 and PRS21 across PFL1 and PFL2 as a “virtual” PFL (denoted as “PFL3”). As such, the UE can measure / process the aggregation of PRS11 and PRS21 during a third measurement period (e.g., T Figure 9 ) for PFL3 (denoted as “MP-PFL3”). Thus, RSTD,i the total measurement period (e.g., T RSTD,Total ) in the example is equal to MP-PFL1 plus MP-PFL2 plus MP-PFL3. The UE will then report the aggregated measurements of PRS11 and PRS21, the non-aggregated measurements of PRS11 and PRS12, and the non-aggregated measurements of PRS21 and PRS22.

[0177] Referring to the second scenario of interest (where the UE is configured with four PFLs), in this scenario, the UE can similarly determine a “virtual” PFL corresponding to the PFLs to be aggregated. For example, the UE can be configured with four positioning frequency layers (denoted as “PFL1,” “PFL2,” “PFL3,” and “PFL4”) in the positioning assistance data (e.g., received via the LPP assistance data transfer procedure 530), each containing two PRS resources (denoted as “PRS11” and “PRS12” in PFL1, “PRS21” and “PRS22” in PFL2, “PRS31” and “PRS32” in PFL3, and “PRS41” and “PRS42” in PFL4). The UE is further configured to aggregate PRS11 and PRS21 in the assistance data or location information request.

[0178] Similar to the example described above, Figure 9 The UE needs a first measurement period (e.g., T RSTD,i ) for measuring PRS11 and PRS12 in PFL1 (denoted as “MP-PFL1”), a second measurement period (denoted as “MP-PFL2”) for measuring PRS21 and PRS22 in PFL2, a third measurement period (denoted as “MP-PFL3”) for measuring PRS31 and PRS32 in PFL3, and a fourth measurement period (denoted as “MP-PFL4”) for measuring PRS41 and PRS42 in PFL4. As in the example of Figure 9 The UE can treat the aggregation of PRS11 and PRS21 across PFL1 and PFL2 as a “virtual” PFL (denoted as “PFL5”). As such, the UE can measure / process the aggregation of PRS11 and PRS21 during a fifth measurement period (denoted as “MP-PFL5”) for PFL5. Thus, in this example, the total measurement period (e.g., T RSTD,Total ) is equal to MP-PFL1 plus MP-PFL2 plus MP-PFL3 plus MP-PFL4 plus MP-PFL5. The UE will then report the aggregated measurement of PRS11 and PRS21, the non-aggregated measurement of PRS11 and PRS12, the non-aggregated measurement of PRS21 and PRS22, the non-aggregated measurement of PRS31 and PRS32, and the non-aggregated measurement of PRS41 and PRS42.

[0179] Referring back to the first scenario of interest (two positioning frequency layers), Figure 10 A second example of formulating a PRS measurement period for PRS aggregation across two positioning frequency layers is illustrated in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in diagram 1000, the UE is configured with two positioning frequency layers (denoted as “PFL1” and “PFL2”) in the positioning assistance data (e.g., received via the LPP assistance data transfer procedure 530), each containing two PRS resources (denoted as “PRS11” and “PRS12” in PFL1, and “PRS21” and “PRS22” in PFL2). The UE is further configured to aggregate PRS11 and PRS21 in the assistance data or location information request. Figure 9In the example, the UE has already configured two positioning frequency layers (denoted as "PFL1" and "PFL2") in the positioning assistance data (e.g., received via LPP Assisted Data Transmission Procedure 530), each containing two PRS resources (denoted as "PRS11" and "PRS12" in PFL1 and "PRS21" and "PRS22" in PFL2). The UE is further configured to aggregate PRS11 and PRS21 in the assistance data or location information request. That is, PRS11 and PRS21 are "linked" for PRS aggregation purposes.

[0180] As shown in Figure 1050, the UE can treat the aggregation of PRS11 and PRS21 across PFL1 and PFL2 as a "virtual" PFL (denoted as "PFL3"). Thus, as in Figure 9 In the example, the UE can measure / process the aggregation of PRS11 and PRS21 during the third measurement cycle (denoted as "MP-PFL3") used for PFL3. However, the UE can only measure the remaining PRS resources that cannot be aggregated, instead of... Figure 9 In the example, PRS11 and PRS12 in PFL1 and both PRS21 and PRS22 in PFL2 are measured as shown. Therefore, in Figure 10 In the example, the UE requires one measurement cycle (e.g., T) to measure PRS12 in PFL1. RSTD,i (referred to as "MP-PFL1"), and another measurement cycle (referred to as "MP-PFL2") for measuring PRS22 in PFL2. Therefore, Figure 10 The total measurement period in the example (e.g., T) RSTD,Total This equals MP-PFL1 plus MP-PFL2 plus MP-PFL3. Then, the UE will report the aggregated measurements of PRS11 and PRS21, the measurement of PRS12, and the measurement of PRS22.

[0181] Referring to the second scenario of interest (where the UE is configured with four PFLs), in which the UE can similarly determine the “virtual” PFL corresponding to the PFL to be aggregated. For example, the UE can similarly configure four positioning frequency layers (represented as “PFL1”, “PFL2”, “PFL3”, and “PFL4”) in positioning assistance data (e.g., received via LPP Assisted Data Transmission Procedure 530), each positioning frequency layer containing two PRS resources (represented as “PRS11” and “PRS12” in PFL1, “PRS21” and “PRS22” in PFL2, “PRS31” and “PRS32” in PFL3, and “PRS41” and “PRS42” in PFL4). The UE is further configured to aggregate PRS11 and PRS21 in the assistance data or location information request.

[0182] Similar to Figure 10 For the techniques illustrated for two PFLs, the UE can treat the aggregation of PRS 11 and PRS 21 across PFL1 and PFL2 as a “virtual” PFL (denoted as “PFL5”). As such, similar to Figure 10 the example, the UE can measure / process the aggregation of PRS 11 and PRS 21 during a fifth measurement period (denoted as “MP-PFL5”) for PFL5. However, the UE can only measure the remaining PRS resources in PFL1 and PFL2 that cannot be aggregated, rather than measuring both PRS 11 and PRS 12 in PFL1 and PRS 21 and PRS 22 in PFL2 as in Figure 9 the example. Thus, in this example, the UE needs a first measurement period (e.g., T RSTD,i ) (denoted as “MP-PFL1”) for measuring PRS 12 in PFL1, a second measurement period (denoted as “MP-PFL2”) for measuring PRS 22 in PFL2, a third measurement period (denoted as “MP-PFL3”) for measuring PRS 31 and PRS 32 in PFL3, and a fourth measurement period (denoted as “MP-PFL4”) for measuring PRS 41 and PRS 42 in PFL4. Thus, in this example, the total measurement period (e.g., T RSTD,Total ) is equal to MP-PFL1 plus MP-PFL2 plus MP-PFL3 plus MP-PFL4 plus MP-PFL5. The UE will then report the aggregated measurement of PRS 11 and PRS 21, the measurement of PRS 12, the measurement of PRS 22, the non-aggregated measurement of PRS 31 and PRS 32, and the non-aggregated measurement of PRS 41 and PRS 42.

[0183] Referring back to the first scenario of interest (two positioning frequency layers), Figure 11 a third example of formulating PRS measurement periods for PRS aggregation across two positioning frequency layers is illustrated in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in diagram 1100, the UE has been configured with two positioning frequency layers (denoted as “PFL1” and “PFL2”) in the positioning assistance data (e.g., received via LPP assistance data transfer procedure 530), each containing two PRS resources (denoted as “PRS 11” and “PRS 12” in PFL1 and “PRS 21” and “PRS 22” in PFL2) as in Figure 10 the example. The UE is further configured to aggregate PRS 11 and PRS 21 in the assistance data or location information request. That is, PRS 11 and PRS 21 are “linked” for PRS aggregation purposes.

[0184] As shown in diagram 1150, the UE can treat the aggregation of PRS 11 and PRS 21 across PFL1 and PFL2 as a “virtual” PFL (denoted as “PFL3”). As such, the UE can measure / process the aggregation of PRS 11 and PRS 21 during a measurement period for PFL3 (denoted as “MP-PFL3”), as in the example of Figure 10 However, the UE is only configured to measure the aggregated PRS resources (i.e., PRS 11 and PRS 21), and not PRS 12 in PFL1 and PRS 22 in PFL2 as in the example of Figure 10 Thus, the total measurement period (e.g., T RSTD,Total ) in the example of Figure 11 is simply equal to MP-PFL3. The UE will then report the aggregated measurement of PRS 11 and PRS 21. The UE can optionally report non-aggregated measurements of PRS 11 and PRS 12 and PRS 21 and PRS 22, but is not required to report these measurements, and thus the UE can opportunistically report these measurements based on UE implementation.

[0185] Referring to a second scenario of interest (where the UE is configured with four PFLs), in this scenario, the UE can similarly determine a “virtual” PFL corresponding to the PFLs to be aggregated. For example, the UE can be configured with four positioning frequency layers (denoted as “PFL1,” “PFL2,” “PFL3,” and “PFL4”) in the positioning assistance data (e.g., received via the LPP Assistance Data Transfer procedure 530), each containing two PRS resources (denoted as “PRS 11” and “PRS 12” in PFL1, “PRS 21” and “PRS 22” in PFL2, “PRS 31” and “PRS 32” in PFL3, and “PRS 41” and “PRS 42” in PFL4). The UE is further configured to aggregate PRS 11 and PRS 21 in the assistance data or location information request.

[0186] Similar to the techniques illustrated for two PFLs, Figure 11 the UE can treat the aggregation of PRS 11 and PRS 21 across PFL1 and PFL2 as a “virtual” PFL (denoted as “PFL5”). As such, the UE can measure / process the aggregation of PRS 11 and PRS 21 during a measurement period for PFL5 (denoted as “MP-PFL5”), as in the example of Figure 11 However, the UE is only configured to measure the aggregated PRS resources (i.e., PRS 11 and PRS 21) in those PFLs, and not PRS 12 in PFL1 and PRS 22 in PFL2 as in the example of Figure 10 The UE still needs a measurement period (e.g., TRSTD,i )(denoted as “MP-PFL3”), and another measurement period (denoted as “MP-PFL4”) for measuring PRS 41 and PRS 42 in PFL 4. Thus, in this example, the total measurement period (e.g., T RSTD,Total ) is equal to MP-PFL3 plus MP-PFL4 plus MP-PFL5. The UE will then report the aggregated measurements of PRS 11 and PRS 21, the non-aggregated measurements of PRS 31 and PRS 32, and the non-aggregated measurements of PRS 41 and PRS 42.

[0187] Note that in this case, the UE can optionally report, but is not required to report, the non-aggregated measurements of PRS 11 and PRS 12 and PRS 21 and PRS 22, and thus the UE can opportunistically report these measurements based on UE implementation.

[0188] When configured with four PFLs (as in the second scenario of interest), the UE can be configured to aggregate PRS resources across two sets of four PFLs. For example, the UE can be configured in positioning assistance data (e.g., received via LPP assistance data transfer procedure 530) with four positioning frequency layers (denoted as “PFL1,” “PFL2,” “PFL3,” and “PFL4”), each containing two PRS resources (denoted as “PRS 11” and “PRS 12” in PFL1, “PRS 21” and “PRS 22” in PFL2, “PRS 31” and “PRS 32” in PFL3, and “PRS 41” and “PRS 42” in PFL4). The UE can be further configured in the assistance data or location information request to aggregate PRS 11 and PRS 21 across PFL1 and PFL2, and PRS 31 and PRS 41 across PFL3 and PFL4.

[0189] Similar to the illustrated techniques of Figure 9 , the UE needs a first measurement period (e.g., T RSTD，i )(denoted as “MP-PFL1”) for measuring PRS 11 and PRS 12 in PFL1, a second measurement period (denoted as “MP-PFL2”) for measuring PRS 21 and PRS 22 in PFL2, a third measurement period (denoted as “MP-PFL3”) for measuring PRS 31 and PRS 32 in PFL3, and a fourth measurement period (denoted as “MP-PFL4”) for measuring PRS 41 and PRS 42 in PFL4. As in Figure 9In the example of FIG. 12, the UE can treat the aggregation of PRS 11 and PRS 21 across PFL1 and PFL2 as a “virtual” PFL (denoted as “PFL5”). Similarly, the UE can treat the aggregation of PRS 31 and PRS 41 across PFL3 and PFL4 as another “virtual” PFL (denoted as “PFL6”). In this way, the UE can measure / process the aggregation of PRS 11 and PRS 21 during a fifth measurement period for PFL5 (denoted as “MP-PFL5”), and can measure / process the aggregation of PRS 31 and PRS 41 during a sixth measurement period for PFL6 (denoted as “MP-PFL6”). Thus, in this example, the total measurement period (e.g., T RSTD,Total ) is equal to MP-PFL1 plus MP-PFL2 plus MP-PFL3 plus MP-PFL4 plus MP-PFL5 plus MP-PFL6. The UE would then report the aggregated measurement of PRS 11 and PRS 21, the aggregated measurement of PRS 31 and PRS 41, the non-aggregated measurement of PRS 11 and PRS 12, the non-aggregated measurement of PRS 21 and PRS 22, the non-aggregated measurement of PRS 31 and PRS 32, and the non-aggregated measurement of PRS 41 and PRS 42.

[0190] Note that the techniques described above for the second scenario (four PFLs) with respect to Figure 10 and Figure 11 also apply to the above example of aggregation across two sets of PFLs.

[0191] In the case of aggregated PRS, there are various other considerations with respect to the formulation of the measurement period. In some aspects, the measurement period includes the “effectively active” PRS resources (i.e., transmitted / measurable during the same time period, such as during the same slot) given the PRS periodicity, muting pattern, and required time alignment constraints with linked PRS resources (e.g., the least common multiple (LCM) of the periodicities of PRS 11 (T PRS1) and PRS 21 (T PRS2) using muting). The UE needs to be muted on all aggregated resources.

[0192] Figure 12 is a diagram 1200 illustrating an example of aggregated PRS processing across two positioning frequency layers based on periodicity of PRS resources, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In Figure 12In the example, the UE has already configured two positioning frequency layers (denoted as "PFL1" and "PFL2") in the positioning assistance data (e.g., received via LPP Assisted Data Transmission Procedure 530), each containing PRS resources (denoted as "PRS1" in PFL1 and "PRS2" in PFL2). The UE is further configured to aggregate PRS1 and PRS2 in the assistance data or location information request. That is, PRS1 and PRS2 are "linked" for PRS aggregation purposes.

[0193] exist Figure 12 In the example, PRS1 has a periodicity of 80ms, and PRS2 has a periodicity of 40ms. The measurement period for the aggregate measurement of PRS1 and PRS2 should be based on the LCM of these two periodicities. Here, the LCM of 80ms and 40ms is 80ms. Therefore, the measurement period should be based on the 80ms periodicity.

[0194] Figure 13 Figure 1300 illustrates an example of periodic aggregated PRS processing across three positioning frequency layers based on PRS resources according to various aspects of this disclosure. Figure 13 In the example, the UE has already configured three positioning frequency layers (referred to as "PFL1", "PFL2", and "PFL3") in the positioning assistance data (e.g., received via LPP Assisted Data Transmission Procedure 530), each containing PRS resources (referred to as "PRS1" in PFL1, "PRS2" in PFL2, and "PRS3" in PFL3). The UE is further configured in the assistance data or location information request to aggregate PRS1 (with an 80ms periodicity), PRS2 (with a 40ms periodicity), and PRS3 (with a 160ms periodicity). That is, PRS1, PRS2, and PRS3 are "linked" for PRS aggregation purposes.

[0195] In scenarios where the PRS resources to be aggregated have different periodicities, such as in Figure 13 In the example, there are various sub-cases where k out of m PFLs overlap, k = 2, 3...m. For example, as... Figure 13 As shown, if the measurement period used for aggregated PRS measurements is based on PRS resources in all three PFLs, the PRS periodicity of the measurement period will be 160ms. In contrast, if the measurement period used for aggregated PRS measurements can be based on PRS resources in only two PFLs, the PRS periodicity of the measurement period will be 80ms. Therefore, the UE can report measurements based on the PRS resources configured for aggregation in a subset of the aggregated PFLs.

[0196] In some aspects, if the UE needs different measurement gaps for aggregating PRS resources and non-aggregated PRS resources, the measurement period can be longer to accommodate that scenario. The measurement period can similarly be longer / extended if the measurement gap pattern is reconfigured during the measurement period of one or more positioning frequency layers.

[0197] In some aspects, if any of the PRS symbols of the aggregated PRS resources are dropped / punctured during the measurement due to collision with other resources (e.g., other channels), the measurement period can be longer / extended. In this case, the measurement requirements (e.g., accuracy requirements indicated in, for example, a request for location information message) still apply, provided that no PRS symbols are dropped during the measurement period T RSTD,Total due to collision with other signals within the measurement gap; otherwise, the measurement period can be longer.

[0198] In some aspects, if the time span of the PRS resource instances (including at least the minimum number of repetitions specified by the accuracy requirement) is greater than the new UE reporting aggregation capability N", the measurement requirements (e.g., accuracy requirements indicated in, for example, a request for location information message) do not apply to the aggregated PRS resources.

[0199] For aggregated PFL / PRS resources, there are various side conditions. For example, there can be cases where the UE will not be able to aggregate PRS resources because the UE is not able to measure some or all of the PRS resources (e.g., due to weak signal strength). In this scenario, as a first option, there can be a side condition that the signal strength of the PRS resources in each PFL is greater than a threshold (e.g., -13 decibels (dB)) per aggregated PFL. If not, the positioning / accuracy requirements only apply to legacy (non-aggregated) measurements and not to aggregated measurements. As a second option, there can be a side condition that the signal strength of the aggregated PRS is greater than a threshold (e.g., -13 dB). In this case, the positioning / accuracy requirements can only apply to aggregated measurements and not to legacy (non-aggregated) measurements. As a third option, there can be a side condition that the signal strength of the PRS in each PFL is greater than a threshold (e.g., -13 dB) and the signal strength of the aggregated PRS / PFL is greater than a threshold (e.g., -13 dB) per PFL. In this case, the requirements apply to legacy measurements and to aggregated measurements.

[0200] Figure 14 An example method 1400 of wireless communication in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In an aspect, method 1400 can be performed by a UE (e.g., any of the UEs described herein).

[0201] At 1410, the UE receives positioning assistance data from the location server, where the positioning assistance data indicates a plurality of PFLs and one or more PRS resource sets in each PFL of the plurality of PFLs, where the positioning assistance data further indicates that a first PRS resource set of a first PFL of the plurality of PFLs and a first PRS resource set of a second PFL of the plurality of PFLs can be aggregated, and where each PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL can be aggregated with a corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL. In an aspect, operation 1410 can be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more processors 332, the memory 340, and / or the positioning component 342, any or all of which can be considered means for performing the operations described herein.

[0202] At 1420, the UE obtains one or more aggregate measurements during a measurement period, where the one or more aggregate measurements are based on an aggregation of a PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL and a corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL, where each PRS resource of the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and each corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set of the second PFL overlap in time, and where a length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregate measurements. In an aspect, operation 1420 can be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more processors 332, the memory 340, and / or the positioning component 342, any or all of which can be considered means for performing the operations described herein.

[0203] It should be appreciated that a technical advantage of the method 1400 is enabling the UE to formulate a measurement period for aggregate PRS measurements across multiple PFLs.

[0204] In the detailed description above, various features are grouped together in examples. This manner of disclosure should not be understood as an intention that the examples are to be taken in a way that each example comprises more features than are explicitly mentioned in the corresponding clause. Rather, various aspects of the disclosure can include fewer than all features of each disclosed example. Therefore, the following clauses should be construed in this manner: as descriptions of various example aspects and are not necessarily exhaustive of all possible aspects. Even though each dependent clause can refer to a specific combination of features in a clause, aspects of that dependent clause are not limited to the specific combination. It is to be understood that other example clauses can also include a combination of the subject matter of a dependent clause with any other dependent clause or independent clause, or a combination of any feature with other dependent or independent clauses. The various aspects disclosed herein expressly include these combinations unless it is explicitly stated or readily apparent from the context that a particular combination is not intended (e.g., contradictory aspects such as defining an element as both an electrical insulator and an electrical conductor). Further, it is also contemplated that aspects of a clause can be included in any other independent clause even if the clause does not directly depend on the independent clause.

[0205] Various implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:

[0206] Clause 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving positioning assistance data from a location server, wherein the positioning assistance data indicates a plurality of positioning frequency layers (PFLs) and one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources in each PFL of the plurality of PFLs, wherein the positioning assistance data further indicates that a first subset of PRS resources of a first PFL of the plurality of PFLs and a first subset of PRS resources of a second PFL of the plurality of PFLs are capable of being aggregated, and wherein each PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL is capable of being aggregated with a corresponding PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL; and obtaining one or more aggregated measurements during a measurement period, wherein the one or more aggregated measurements are based on an aggregation of a PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL and the corresponding PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL, wherein each PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL and each corresponding PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL overlap in time, and wherein a length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregated measurements.

[0207] Clause 2. The method of clause 1, further comprising: obtaining non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the first PFL during the measurement period; and obtaining non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the second PFL during the measurement period, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time to obtain at least the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the first PFL and an amount of time to obtain at least the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the second PFL.

[0208] Clause 3. The method of clause 2, wherein the measurement period comprises at least: a first sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time to obtain the one or more aggregated measurements; a second sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time to obtain the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the first PFL; and a third sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time to obtain the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the second PFL.

[0209] Clause 4. The method of any one of clauses 2-3, wherein: the UE obtains the one or more aggregated measurements during one or more first measurement gap instances, the UE obtains the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the first PFL during one or more second measurement gap instances, and the UE obtains the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the second PFL during one or more third measurement gap instances.

[0210] Clause 5. The method of clause 4, wherein: the one or more first measurement gap instances are configured using a first measurement gap configuration, the one or more second measurement gap instances are configured using a second measurement gap configuration, and the one or more third measurement gap instances are configured using a third measurement gap configuration.

[0211] Clause 6. The method of clause 5, wherein a length of the second measurement gap configuration and a length of the third measurement gap configuration are different than a length of the first measurement gap configuration.

[0212] Clause 7. The method of any of clauses 1-6, further comprising: obtaining, during the measurement period, one or more first non-aggregated measurements of remaining PRS resources of the first PFL that are not aggregatable with PRS resources of the second PFL; and obtaining, during the measurement period, one or more second non-aggregated measurements of remaining PRS resources of the second PFL that are not aggregatable with PRS resources of the first PFL, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time to at least process the one or more first non-aggregated measurements and an amount of time to at least process the one or more second non-aggregated measurements.

[0213] Clause 8. The method of clause 7, wherein the measurement period comprises at least: a first sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time to obtain the one or more aggregated measurements; a second sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time to at least obtain the one or more first non-aggregated measurements; and a third sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time to at least obtain the one or more second non-aggregated measurements.

[0214] Clause 9. The method of any of clauses 1-8, wherein only the one or more aggregated measurements are requested by the location server.

[0215] Clause 10. The method of any of clauses 1-9, wherein the plurality of PFLs consists of: two PFLs, three PFLs, or four or more PFLs.

[0216] Clause 11. The method of any of clauses 1-10, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time to process non-aggregated PRS resources in each PFL of the plurality of PFLs.

[0217] Clause 12. The method of any of clauses 1-11, wherein: the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL have a first periodicity, the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL have a second periodicity, the one or more aggregated measurements are obtained based on samples of repetitions of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL and repetitions of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL having a least common multiple (LCM) of the first periodicity and the second periodicity.

[0218] Clause 13. The method of any of clauses 1-12, wherein the overlap in time of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL and the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL comprises an overlap between a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL and a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL.

[0219] Clause 14. The method of any of clauses 1-13, wherein the length of the measurement period is based on whether different measurement gaps are configured for aggregated measurements and non-aggregated measurements.

[0220] Clause 15. The method of any of clauses 1-14, wherein the length of the measurement period is based on whether one or more symbols of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL or the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL are dropped during the one or more aggregated measurements due to collision with one or more other channels.

[0221] Clause 16. The method of any of clauses 1-15, wherein an accuracy requirement of the one or more aggregated measurements does not apply based on a time span of instances of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL and a time span of instances of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL being greater than a UE aggregated PRS resource capability.

[0222] Clause 17. The method of any of clauses 1-16, wherein: the plurality of PFLs consists of at least three PFLs, and the positioning assistance data further indicates that the first PFL, the second PFL, and a third PFL of the at least three PFLs can be aggregated.

[0223] Clause 18. The method of clause 17, wherein obtaining the one or more aggregate measurements comprises: obtaining, during the measurement period, the one or more aggregate measurements of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from a first subset of PRS resources of the third PFL, wherein the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the third PFL overlap in time, and wherein the length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for processing the one or more aggregate measurements of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the third PFL.

[0224] Clause 19. The method of clause 18, wherein the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the third PFL overlap in time comprises an overlap between a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL, a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL, and a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the third PFL.

[0225] Clause 20. The method of clause 17, wherein the one or more aggregate measurements are only for the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL and the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL.

[0226] Clause 21. The method of any of clauses 1-20, wherein: a signal strength of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL and a signal strength of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL are above a threshold, a signal strength of the one or more aggregate measurements is above a threshold, or any combination thereof.

[0227] Clause 22. The method of any of clauses 1-21, further comprising: receiving a location information request from the location server, wherein the location information request configures the UE to report at least the one or more aggregated measurements.

[0228] Clause 23. The method of any of clauses 1-21, further comprising: receiving a location information request from the location server, wherein the location information request configures the UE to report only the one or more aggregated measurements.

[0229] Clause 24. A user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors configured to: receive, via the one or more transceivers, positioning assistance data from a location server, wherein the positioning assistance data indicates a plurality of positioning frequency layers (PFLs) and one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources in each PFL of the plurality of PFLs, wherein the positioning assistance data further indicates that a first subset of PRS resources of a first PFL of the plurality of PFLs and a first subset of PRS resources of a second PFL of the plurality of PFLs are capable of being aggregated, and wherein each PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL is capable of being aggregated with a corresponding PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL; and obtain one or more aggregated measurements during a measurement period, wherein the one or more aggregated measurements are based on an aggregation of a PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL and the corresponding PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL, wherein each PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL and each corresponding PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL overlap in time, and wherein a length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregated measurements.

[0230] Clause 25. The UE of clause 24, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: obtain non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the first PFL during the measurement period; and obtain non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the second PFL during the measurement period, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time to obtain at least the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the first PFL and an amount of time to obtain at least the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the second PFL.

[0231] Clause 26. The UE of clause 25, wherein the measurement period comprises at least: a first sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time to obtain the one or more aggregated measurements; a second sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time to obtain the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the first PFL; and a third sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time to obtain the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the second PFL.

[0232] Clause 27. The UE of any of clauses 25-26, wherein: the UE obtains the one or more aggregated measurements during one or more first measurement gap instances, the UE obtains the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the first PFL during one or more second measurement gap instances, and the UE obtains the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the second PFL during one or more third measurement gap instances.

[0233] Clause 28. The UE of clause 27, wherein: the one or more first measurement gap instances are configured using a first measurement gap configuration, the one or more second measurement gap instances are configured using a second measurement gap configuration, and the one or more third measurement gap instances are configured using a third measurement gap configuration.

[0234] Clause 29. The UE of clause 28, wherein a length of the second measurement gap configuration and a length of the third measurement gap configuration are different than a length of the first measurement gap configuration.

[0235] Clause 30. The UE of any of clauses 24 to 29, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: obtain, during the measurement period, one or more first non-aggregated measurements of remaining PRS resources of the first PFL that are not aggregatable with PRS resources of the second PFL; and obtain, during the measurement period, one or more second non-aggregated measurements of remaining PRS resources of the second PFL that are not aggregatable with PRS resources of the first PFL, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time to at least process the one or more first non-aggregated measurements and an amount of time to at least process the one or more second non-aggregated measurements.

[0236] Clause 31. The UE of clause 30, wherein the measurement period comprises at least: a first sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time to obtain the one or more aggregated measurements; a second sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time to at least obtain the one or more first non-aggregated measurements; and a third sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time to at least obtain the one or more second non-aggregated measurements.

[0237] Clause 32. The UE of any of clauses 24 to 31, wherein only the one or more aggregated measurements are requested by the location server.

[0238] Clause 33. The UE of any of clauses 24 to 32, wherein the plurality of PFLs consists of: two PFLs, three PFLs, or four or more PFLs.

[0239] Clause 34. The UE of any of clauses 24 to 33, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time to process non-aggregated PRS resources in each PFL of the plurality of PFLs.

[0240] Clause 35. The UE of any of clauses 24 to 34, wherein: the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL have a first periodicity, the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL have a second periodicity, the one or more aggregated measurements are obtained based on samples of repetitions of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL and repetitions of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL having a least common multiple (LCM) of the first periodicity and the second periodicity.

[0241] Clause 36. The UE of any of clauses 24 to 35, wherein the PRS resources of the first subset from the first PFL and the PRS resources of the first subset from the second PFL overlap in time comprises an overlap between a periodicity of the PRS resources of the first subset from the first PFL and a periodicity of the PRS resources of the first subset from the second PFL.

[0242] Clause 37. The UE of any of clauses 24 to 36, wherein the length of the measurement period is based on whether different measurement gaps are configured for aggregated measurements and non-aggregated measurements.

[0243] Clause 38. The UE of any of clauses 24 to 37, wherein the length of the measurement period is based on whether one or more symbols of the PRS resources of the first subset from the first PFL or the PRS resources of the first subset from the second PFL are dropped during the one or more aggregated measurements due to collision with one or more other channels.

[0244] Clause 39. The UE of any of clauses 24 to 38, wherein an accuracy requirement of the one or more aggregated measurements does not apply based on a time span of an instance of the PRS resources of the first subset from the first PFL and a time span of an instance of the PRS resources of the first subset from the second PFL being greater than a UE aggregated PRS resource capability.

[0245] Clause 40. The UE of any of clauses 24 to 39, wherein: the plurality of PFLs consists of at least three PFLs, and the positioning assistance data further indicates that the first PFL, the second PFL, and a third PFL of the at least three PFLs can be aggregated.

[0246] Clause 41. The UE of Clause 40, wherein the one or more processors configured to obtain the one or more aggregate measurements include the one or more processors configured to: obtain, during the measurement period, the one or more aggregate measurements of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from a first subset of PRS resources of the third PFL, wherein the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the third PFL overlap in time, and wherein the length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for processing the one or more aggregate measurements of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the third PFL.

[0247] Clause 42. The UE of Clause 41, wherein the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the third PFL overlap in time comprises an overlap between a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL, a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL, and a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the third PFL.

[0248] Clause 43. The UE of Clause 40, wherein the one or more aggregate measurements are only for the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL and the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL.

[0249] Clause 44. The UE of any one of Clauses 24 to 43, wherein: a signal strength of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL and a signal strength of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL are above a threshold, a signal strength of the one or more aggregate measurements is above a threshold, or any combination thereof.

[0250] Clause 45. The UE of any of clauses 24 to 44, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to receive, via the one or more transceivers, a location information request from the location server, wherein the location information request configures the UE to report at least the one or more aggregate measurements.

[0251] Clause 46. The UE of any of clauses 24 to 44, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to receive, via the one or more transceivers, a location information request from the location server, wherein the location information request configures the UE to report only the one or more aggregate measurements.

[0252] Clause 47. A user equipment (UE), the user equipment (UE) comprising: means for receiving positioning assistance data from a location server, wherein the positioning assistance data indicates a plurality of positioning frequency layers (PFLs) and one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources in each PFL of the plurality of PFLs, wherein the positioning assistance data further indicates that a first subset of PRS resources of a first PFL of the plurality of PFLs and a first subset of PRS resources of a second PFL of the plurality of PFLs can be aggregated, and wherein each PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL can be aggregated with a corresponding PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL; and means for obtaining one or more aggregate measurements during a measurement period, wherein the one or more aggregate measurements are based on an aggregation of a PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL and the corresponding PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL, wherein each PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL and each corresponding PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL overlap in time, and wherein a length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregate measurements.

[0253] Clause 48. The UE of clause 47, further comprising: means for obtaining non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the first PFL during the measurement period; and means for obtaining non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the second PFL during the measurement period, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time for obtaining at least the non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the first PFL and an amount of time for obtaining at least the non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the second PFL.

[0254] Clause 49. The UE of clause 48, wherein the measurement period comprises at least: a first sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregate measurements; a second sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining the non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the first PFL; and a third sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining the non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the second PFL.

[0255] Clause 50. The UE of any one of clauses 48 to 49, wherein: the UE obtains the one or more aggregate measurements during one or more first measurement gap instances, the UE obtains the non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the first PFL during one or more second measurement gap instances, and the UE obtains the non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the second PFL during one or more third measurement gap instances.

[0256] Clause 51. The UE of clause 50, wherein: the one or more first measurement gap instances are configured using a first measurement gap configuration, the one or more second measurement gap instances are configured using a second measurement gap configuration, and the one or more third measurement gap instances are configured using a third measurement gap configuration.

[0257] Clause 52. The UE of clause 51, wherein a length of the second measurement gap configuration and a length of the third measurement gap configuration are different than a length of the first measurement gap configuration.

[0258] Clause 53. The UE of any one of clauses 47 to 52, further comprising: means for obtaining, during the measurement period, one or more first non-aggregate measurements of remaining PRS resources of the first PFL that are not aggregatable with PRS resources of the second PFL; and means for obtaining, during the measurement period, one or more second non-aggregate measurements of remaining PRS resources of the second PFL that are not aggregatable with PRS resources of the first PFL, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time for processing at least the one or more first non-aggregate measurements and an amount of time for processing at least the one or more second non-aggregate measurements.

[0259] Clause 54. The UE of clause 53, wherein the measurement period comprises at least: a first sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregate measurements; a second sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining at least the one or more first non-aggregate measurements; and a third sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining at least the one or more second non-aggregate measurements.

[0260] Clause 55. The UE of any one of clauses 47 to 54, wherein only the one or more aggregate measurements are requested by the location server.

[0261] Clause 56. The UE of any one of clauses 47 to 55, wherein the plurality of PFLs consists of: two PFLs, three PFLs, or four or more PFLs.

[0262] Clause 57. The UE of any one of clauses 47 to 56, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time for processing non-aggregate PRS resources in each PFL of the plurality of PFLs.

[0263] Clause 58. The UE of any one of clauses 47 to 57, wherein: the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL have a first periodicity, the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL have a second periodicity, the one or more aggregate measurements are obtained based on samples of repetitions of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL and repetitions of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL having a least common multiple (LCM) of the first periodicity and the second periodicity.

[0264] Clause 59. The UE of any one of clauses 47 to 58, wherein the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL and the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL overlap in time comprises an overlap between a periodicity of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL and a periodicity of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL.

[0265] Clause 60. The UE of any one of clauses 47 to 59, wherein the length of the measurement period is based on whether different measurement gaps are configured for aggregate measurements and non-aggregate measurements.

[0266] Clause 61. The UE of any of clauses 47 to 60, wherein the length of the measurement period is based on whether one or more symbols of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL or the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL are dropped during the one or more aggregated measurements due to collision with one or more other channels.

[0267] Clause 62. The UE of any of clauses 47 to 61, wherein an accuracy requirement of the one or more aggregated measurements does not apply based on a time span of instances of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL and a time span of instances of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL being greater than a UE aggregated PRS resource capability.

[0268] Clause 63. The UE of any of clauses 47 to 62, wherein: the plurality of PFLs consists of at least three PFLs, and the positioning assistance data further indicates that the first PFL, the second PFL, and a third PFL of the at least three PFLs can be aggregated.

[0269] Clause 64. The UE of clause 63, wherein the means for obtaining the one or more aggregated measurements comprises: means for obtaining the one or more aggregated measurements of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL, and PRS resources from a first subset of PRS resources of the third PFL during the measurement period, wherein the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the third PFL overlap in time, and wherein the length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for processing the one or more aggregated measurements of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the third PFL.

[0270] Clause 65. The UE of clause 64, wherein the overlap in time of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL, the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL, and the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the third PFL comprises an overlap between a periodicity of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL, a periodicity of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL, and a periodicity of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the third PFL.

[0271] Clause 66. The UE of clause 63, wherein the one or more aggregate measurements are only for the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL and the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL.

[0272] Clause 67. The UE of any of clauses 47-66, wherein: a signal strength of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL and a signal strength of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL are above a threshold, a signal strength of the one or more aggregate measurements is above a threshold, or any combination thereof.

[0273] Clause 68. The UE of any of clauses 47-67, further comprising: means for receiving a location information request from the location server, wherein the location information request configures the UE to report at least the one or more aggregate measurements.

[0274] Clause 69. The UE of any of clauses 47-67, further comprising: means for receiving a location information request from the location server, wherein the location information request configures the UE to report only the one or more aggregate measurements.

[0275] Clause 70. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: receive positioning assistance data from a location server, wherein the positioning assistance data indicates a plurality of positioning frequency layers (PFLs) and one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources in each PFL of the plurality of PFLs, wherein the positioning assistance data further indicates that a first subset of PRS resources of a first PFL of the plurality of PFLs and a first subset of PRS resources of a second PFL of the plurality of PFLs can be aggregated, and wherein each PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL can be aggregated with a corresponding PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL; and obtain one or more aggregated measurements during a measurement period, wherein the one or more aggregated measurements are based on aggregation of a PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL and the corresponding PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL, wherein each PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL and each corresponding PRS resource of the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL overlap in time, and wherein a length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregated measurements.

[0276] Clause 71. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 70, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: obtain non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the first PFL during the measurement period; and obtain non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the second PFL during the measurement period, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time for at least obtaining the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the first PFL and an amount of time for at least obtaining the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the second PFL.

[0277] Clause 72. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 71, wherein the measurement period comprises at least: a first sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregated measurements; a second sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the first PFL; and a third sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the second PFL.

[0278] Clause 73. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of Clauses 71-72, wherein: the UE obtains the one or more aggregate measurements during one or more first measurement gap instances, the UE obtains the non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the first PFL during one or more second measurement gap instances, and the UE obtains the non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resources of the second PFL during one or more third measurement gap instances.

[0279] Clause 74. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of Clause 73, wherein: the one or more first measurement gap instances are configured using a first measurement gap configuration, the one or more second measurement gap instances are configured using a second measurement gap configuration, and the one or more third measurement gap instances are configured using a third measurement gap configuration.

[0280] Clause 75. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of Clause 74, wherein a length of the second measurement gap configuration and a length of the third measurement gap configuration are different than a length of the first measurement gap configuration.

[0281] Clause 76. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of Clauses 70-75, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: obtain one or more first non-aggregate measurements of remaining PRS resources of the first PFL that are not capable of being aggregated with PRS resources of the second PFL during the measurement period; and obtain one or more second non-aggregate measurements of remaining PRS resources of the second PFL that are not capable of being aggregated with PRS resources of the first PFL during the measurement period, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time to at least process the one or more first non-aggregate measurements and an amount of time to at least process the one or more second non-aggregate measurements.

[0282] Clause 77. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of Clause 76, wherein the measurement period comprises at least: a first sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time to obtain the one or more aggregate measurements; a second sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time to at least obtain the one or more first non-aggregate measurements; and a third sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time to at least obtain the one or more second non-aggregate measurements.

[0283] Clause 78. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 70-77, wherein only the one or more aggregate measurements are requested by the location server.

[0284] Clause 79. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 70-78, wherein the plurality of PFLs consists of two PFLs, three PFLs, or four or more PFLs.

[0285] Clause 80. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 70-79, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time for processing non-aggregate PRS resources in each PFL of the plurality of PFLs.

[0286] Clause 81. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 70-80, wherein: the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL have a first periodicity, the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL have a second periodicity, the one or more aggregate measurements are obtained based on samples of repetitions of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL and repetitions of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL having a least common multiple (LCM) of the first periodicity and the second periodicity.

[0287] Clause 82. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 70-81, wherein the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL and the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL overlap in time includes an overlap between a periodicity of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL and a periodicity of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL.

[0288] Clause 83. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 70-82, wherein the length of the measurement period is based on whether different measurement gaps are configured for aggregate measurements and non-aggregate measurements.

[0289] Clause 84. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 70-83, wherein the length of the measurement period is based on whether one or more symbols of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL or the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL are dropped during the one or more aggregate measurements due to collision with one or more other channels.

[0290] Clause 85. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 70-84, wherein a time span of instances of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL and a time span of instances of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL is greater than a UE aggregate PRS resource capability, the accuracy requirement of the one or more aggregate measurements does not apply.

[0291] Clause 86. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 70-85, wherein: the plurality of PFLs consists of at least three PFLs, and the positioning assistance data further indicates that the first PFL, the second PFL, and a third PFL of the at least three PFLs can be aggregated.

[0292] Clause 87. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 86, wherein the computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to obtain the one or more aggregate measurements comprise computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: obtain, during the measurement period, the one or more aggregate measurements of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL, and PRS resources from a first subset of PRS resources of the third PFL, wherein the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the third PFL overlap in time, and wherein the length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time to process the one or more aggregate measurements of the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first subset of PRS resources of the third PFL.

[0293] Clause 88. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 87, wherein the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL, the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL, and the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the third PFL overlap in time includes an overlap between a periodicity of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL, a periodicity of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL, and a periodicity of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the third PFL.

[0294] Clause 89. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 86, wherein the one or more aggregate measurements are only for the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL and the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL.

[0295] Clause 90. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 70 to 89, wherein: a signal strength of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the first PFL and a signal strength of the PRS resources of the first subset of PRS resources from the second PFL are above a threshold, a signal strength of the one or more aggregate measurements is above a threshold, or any combination thereof.

[0296] Clause 91. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 70 to 90, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: receive a location information request from the location server, wherein the location information request configures the UE to report at least the one or more aggregate measurements.

[0297] Clause 92. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 70 to 90, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: receive a location information request from the location server, wherein the location information request configures the UE to report only the one or more aggregate measurements.

[0298] Additional specific implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:

[0299] Clause 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving positioning assistance data from a location server, wherein the positioning assistance data indicates a plurality of positioning frequency layers (PFLs) and one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resource sets in each PFL of the plurality of PFLs, wherein the positioning assistance data further indicates that a first PRS resource set of a first PFL of the plurality of PFLs and a first PRS resource set of a second PFL of the plurality of PFLs can be aggregated, and wherein each PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL can be aggregated with a corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL; and obtaining one or more aggregated measurements during a measurement period, wherein the one or more aggregated measurements are based on an aggregation of a PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL and the corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL, wherein each PRS resource of the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and each corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set of the second PFL overlap in time, and wherein a length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregated measurements.

[0300] Clause 2. The method of clause 1, further comprising: obtaining non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the first PFL during the measurement period; and obtaining non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the second PFL during the measurement period, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time for at least obtaining the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the first PFL and an amount of time for at least obtaining the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the second PFL.

[0301] Clause 3. The method of clause 2, wherein the measurement period comprises at least: a first sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregated measurements; a second sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the first PFL; and a third sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the second PFL.

[0302] Clause 4. The method of any of clauses 2-3, wherein: the one or more aggregated measurements are obtained during one or more first measurement gap instances, the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the first PFL are obtained during one or more second measurement gap instances, and the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the second PFL are obtained during one or more third measurement gap instances.

[0303] Clause 5. The method of clause 4, wherein: the one or more first measurement gap instances are configured using a first measurement gap configuration, the one or more second measurement gap instances are configured using a second measurement gap configuration, and the one or more third measurement gap instances are configured using a third measurement gap configuration.

[0304] Clause 6. The method of any of clauses 1-5, further comprising: obtaining one or more first non-aggregated measurements of remaining PRS resources of the first PFL that are not able to be aggregated with PRS resources of the second PFL during the measurement period; and obtaining one or more second non-aggregated measurements of remaining PRS resources of the second PFL that are not able to be aggregated with PRS resources of the first PFL during the measurement period, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time to at least process the one or more first non-aggregated measurements and an amount of time to at least process the one or more second non-aggregated measurements.

[0305] Clause 7. The method of clause 6, wherein the measurement period comprises at least: a first sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time to obtain the one or more aggregated measurements; a second sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time to at least obtain the one or more first non-aggregated measurements; and a third sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time to at least obtain the one or more second non-aggregated measurements.

[0306] Clause 8. The method of any of clauses 1-7, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time to process non-aggregated PRS resources in each PFL of the plurality of PFLs.

[0307] Clause 9. The method of any of clauses 1-8, wherein: the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL have a first periodicity, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL have a second periodicity, the one or more aggregate measurements are obtained based on samples of repetitions of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and repetitions of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL having a least common multiple (LCM) of the first periodicity and the second periodicity.

[0308] Clause 10. The method of any of clauses 1-9, wherein the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL overlap in time comprises an overlap between a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL.

[0309] Clause 11. The method of any of clauses 1-10, wherein the length of the measurement period is based on whether one or more symbols of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL or the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL are dropped during the one or more aggregate measurements due to collision with one or more other channels.

[0310] Clause 12. The method of any of clauses 1-11, wherein an accuracy requirement of the one or more aggregate measurements does not apply based on a time span of instances of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and a time span of instances of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL being greater than a UE aggregate PRS resource capability.

[0311] Clause 13. The method of any of clauses 1-12, wherein: the plurality of PFLs consists of at least three PFLs, and the positioning assistance data further indicates that the first PFL, the second PFL, and a third PFL of the at least three PFLs can be aggregated.

[0312] Clause 14. The method of clause 13, wherein obtaining the one or more aggregate measurements comprises: obtaining, during the measurement period, the one or more aggregate measurements of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and PRS resources from a first PRS resource set of the third PFL, wherein the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the third PFL overlap in time, and wherein the length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for processing the one or more aggregate measurements of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the third PFL.

[0313] Clause 15. The method of clause 14, wherein the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the third PFL overlap in time comprises an overlap between a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the third PFL.

[0314] Clause 16. The method of any one of clauses 13 to 15, wherein the one or more aggregate measurements are only for the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL.

[0315] Clause 17. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 16, further comprising: receiving a location information request from the location server, wherein the location information request configures the UE to report at least the one or more aggregate measurements.

[0316] Clause 18. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 17, further comprising: receiving a location information request from the location server, wherein the location information request configures the UE to report only the one or more aggregate measurements.

[0317] Clause 19. A user equipment (UE), the UE comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, individually or in combination, being configured to: receive, via the one or more transceivers, positioning assistance data from a location server, wherein the positioning assistance data indicates a plurality of positioning frequency layers (PFLs) and one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resource sets in each PFL of the plurality of PFLs, wherein the positioning assistance data further indicates that a first PRS resource set of a first PFL of the plurality of PFLs and a first PRS resource set of a second PFL of the plurality of PFLs can be aggregated, and wherein each PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL can be aggregated with a corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL; and obtain one or more aggregated measurements during a measurement period, wherein the one or more aggregated measurements are based on an aggregation of a PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL and the corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL, wherein each PRS resource of the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and each corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set of the second PFL overlap in time, and wherein a length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregated measurements.

[0318] Clause 20. The UE of clause 19, wherein the one or more processors, individually or in combination, are further configured to: obtain non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the first PFL during the measurement period; and obtain non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the second PFL during the measurement period, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time for obtaining at least the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the first PFL and an amount of time for obtaining at least the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the second PFL.

[0319] Clause 21. The UE of clause 20, wherein the measurement period comprises at least: a first sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregate measurements; a second sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining the non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the first PFL; and a third sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining the non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the second PFL.

[0320] Clause 22. The UE of any one of clauses 20 to 21, wherein: the one or more aggregate measurements are obtained during one or more first measurement gap instances, the non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the first PFL are obtained during one or more second measurement gap instances, and the non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the second PFL are obtained during one or more third measurement gap instances.

[0321] Clause 23. The UE of clause 22, wherein: the one or more first measurement gap instances are configured using a first measurement gap configuration, the one or more second measurement gap instances are configured using a second measurement gap configuration, and the one or more third measurement gap instances are configured using a third measurement gap configuration.

[0322] Clause 24. The UE of any one of clauses 19 to 23, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, individually or in combination: obtain, during the measurement period, one or more first non-aggregate measurements of remaining PRS resources of the first PFL that are not able to be aggregated with PRS resources of the second PFL; and obtain, during the measurement period, one or more second non-aggregate measurements of remaining PRS resources of the second PFL that are not able to be aggregated with PRS resources of the first PFL, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time for processing at least the one or more first non-aggregate measurements and an amount of time for processing at least the one or more second non-aggregate measurements.

[0323] Clause 25. The UE of clause 24, wherein the measurement period comprises at least: a first sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregate measurements; a second sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining at least the one or more first non-aggregate measurements; and a third sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining at least the one or more second non-aggregate measurements.

[0324] Clause 26. The UE of any of clauses 19-25, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time for processing non-aggregated PRS resources in each of the plurality of PFLs.

[0325] Clause 27. The UE of any of clauses 19-26, wherein: the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL have a first periodicity, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL have a second periodicity, the one or more aggregated measurements are obtained based on samples of repetitions of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and repetitions of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL having a least common multiple (LCM) of the first periodicity and the second periodicity.

[0326] Clause 28. The UE of any of clauses 19-27, wherein the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL overlap in time includes an overlap between a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL.

[0327] Clause 29. The UE of any of clauses 19-28, wherein the length of the measurement period is based on whether one or more symbols of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL or the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL are dropped during the one or more aggregated measurements due to collision with one or more other channels.

[0328] Clause 30. The UE of any of clauses 19-29, wherein an accuracy requirement of the one or more aggregated measurements does not apply based on a time span of instances of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and a time span of instances of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL being greater than a UE aggregated PRS resource capability.

[0329] Clause 31. The UE of any of clauses 19-30, wherein: the plurality of PFLs consists of at least three PFLs, and the positioning assistance data further indicates that the first PFL, the second PFL, and a third PFL of the at least three PFLs are capable of being aggregated.

[0330] Clause 32. The UE of clause 31, wherein the one or more processors configured to obtain the one or more aggregate measurements include the one or more processors, individually or in combination, configured to: obtain, during the measurement period, the one or more aggregate measurements of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and PRS resources from a first PRS resource set of the third PFL, wherein the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the third PFL overlap in time, and wherein the length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for processing the one or more aggregate measurements of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the third PFL.

[0331] Clause 33. The UE of clause 32, wherein the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the third PFL overlap in time includes an overlap between a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the third PFL.

[0332] Clause 34. The UE of any of clauses 31 to 33, wherein the one or more aggregate measurements are only for the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL.

[0333] Clause 35. The UE of any of clauses 19 to 34, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, individually or in combination: receive, via the one or more transceivers, a location information request from the location server, wherein the location information request configures the UE to report at least the one or more aggregate measurements.

[0334] Clause 36. The UE of any of clauses 19 to 35, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, individually or in combination, receive a location information request from the location server via the one or more transceivers, wherein the location information request configures the UE to report only the one or more aggregate measurements.

[0335] Clause 37. A user equipment (UE), the user equipment (UE) comprising: means for receiving positioning assistance data from a location server, wherein the positioning assistance data indicates a plurality of positioning frequency layers (PFLs) and one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resource sets in each PFL of the plurality of PFLs, wherein the positioning assistance data further indicates that a first PRS resource set of a first PFL of the plurality of PFLs and a first PRS resource set of a second PFL of the plurality of PFLs can be aggregated, and wherein each PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL can be aggregated with a corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL; and means for obtaining one or more aggregate measurements during a measurement period, wherein the one or more aggregate measurements are based on an aggregation of a PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL and the corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL, wherein each PRS resource of the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and each corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set of the second PFL overlap in time, and wherein a length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregate measurements.

[0336] Clause 38. The UE of clause 37, further comprising: means for obtaining non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the first PFL during the measurement period; and means for obtaining non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the second PFL during the measurement period, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time for obtaining at least the non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the first PFL and an amount of time for obtaining at least the non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the second PFL.

[0337] Clause 39. The UE of clause 38, wherein the measurement period comprises at least: a first sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregate measurements; a second sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining the non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the first PFL; and a third sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining the non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the second PFL.

[0338] Clause 40. The UE of any one of clauses 38 to 39, wherein: the one or more aggregate measurements are obtained during one or more first measurement gap instances, the non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the first PFL are obtained during one or more second measurement gap instances, and the non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the second PFL are obtained during one or more third measurement gap instances.

[0339] Clause 41. The UE of clause 40, wherein: the one or more first measurement gap instances are configured using a first measurement gap configuration, the one or more second measurement gap instances are configured using a second measurement gap configuration, and the one or more third measurement gap instances are configured using a third measurement gap configuration.

[0340] Clause 42. The UE of any one of clauses 37 to 41, further comprising: means for obtaining, during the measurement period, one or more first non-aggregate measurements of remaining PRS resources of the first PFL that are not able to be aggregated with PRS resources of the second PFL; and means for obtaining, during the measurement period, one or more second non-aggregate measurements of remaining PRS resources of the second PFL that are not able to be aggregated with PRS resources of the first PFL, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time for processing at least the one or more first non-aggregate measurements and an amount of time for processing at least the one or more second non-aggregate measurements.

[0341] Clause 43. The UE of clause 42, wherein the measurement period comprises at least: a first sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregate measurements; a second sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining at least the one or more first non-aggregate measurements; and a third sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining at least the one or more second non-aggregate measurements.

[0342] Clause 44. The UE of any of clauses 37 to 43, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time for processing non-aggregated PRS resources in each of the plurality of PFLs.

[0343] Clause 45. The UE of any of clauses 37 to 44, wherein: the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL have a first periodicity, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL have a second periodicity, the one or more aggregated measurements are obtained based on samples of repetitions of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and repetitions of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL having a least common multiple (LCM) of the first periodicity and the second periodicity.

[0344] Clause 46. The UE of any of clauses 37 to 45, wherein the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL overlap in time includes an overlap between a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL.

[0345] Clause 47. The UE of any of clauses 37 to 46, wherein the length of the measurement period is based on whether one or more symbols of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL or the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL are dropped during the one or more aggregated measurements due to collision with one or more other channels.

[0346] Clause 48. The UE of any of clauses 37 to 47, wherein an accuracy requirement of the one or more aggregated measurements does not apply based on a time span of instances of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and a time span of instances of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL being greater than a UE aggregated PRS resource capability.

[0347] Clause 49. The UE of any of clauses 37 to 48, wherein: the plurality of PFLs consists of at least three PFLs, and the positioning assistance data further indicates that the first PFL, the second PFL, and a third PFL of the at least three PFLs can be aggregated.

[0348] Clause 50. The UE of clause 49, wherein the means for obtaining the one or more aggregate measurements comprises: means for obtaining the one or more aggregate measurements of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and PRS resources from a first PRS resource set of the third PFL during the measurement period, wherein the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the third PFL overlap in time, and wherein the length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for processing the one or more aggregate measurements of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the third PFL.

[0349] Clause 51. The UE of clause 50, wherein the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the third PFL overlap in time comprises an overlap between a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the third PFL.

[0350] Clause 52. The UE of any one of clauses 49 to 51, wherein the one or more aggregate measurements are only for the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL.

[0351] Clause 53. The UE of any one of clauses 37 to 52, further comprising: means for receiving a location information request from the location server, wherein the location information request configures the UE to report at least the one or more aggregate measurements.

[0352] Clause 54. The UE of any one of clauses 37 to 53, further comprising: means for receiving a location information request from the location server, wherein the location information request configures the UE to report only the one or more aggregate measurements.

[0353] Clause 55. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: receive positioning assistance data from a location server, wherein the positioning assistance data indicates a plurality of positioning frequency layers (PFLs) and one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resource sets in each PFL of the plurality of PFLs, wherein the positioning assistance data further indicates that a first PRS resource set of a first PFL of the plurality of PFLs and a first PRS resource set of a second PFL of the plurality of PFLs can be aggregated, and wherein each PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL can be aggregated with a corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL; and obtain one or more aggregated measurements during a measurement period, wherein the one or more aggregated measurements are based on an aggregation of a PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL and the corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL, wherein each PRS resource of the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and each corresponding PRS resource of the first PRS resource set of the second PFL overlap in time, and wherein a length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregated measurements.

[0354] Clause 56. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 55, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: obtain non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the first PFL during the measurement period; and obtain non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the second PFL during the measurement period, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time for obtaining at least the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the first PFL and an amount of time for obtaining at least the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the second PFL.

[0355] Clause 57. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 56, wherein the measurement period comprises at least: a first sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining the one or more aggregated measurements; a second sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the first PFL; and a third sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time for obtaining the non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the second PFL.

[0356] Clause 58. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 56-57, wherein: the one or more aggregate measurements are obtained during one or more first measurement gap instances, the non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the first PFL are obtained during one or more second measurement gap instances, and the non-aggregate measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the second PFL are obtained during one or more third measurement gap instances.

[0357] Clause 59. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 58, wherein: the one or more first measurement gap instances are configured using a first measurement gap configuration, the one or more second measurement gap instances are configured using a second measurement gap configuration, and the one or more third measurement gap instances are configured using a third measurement gap configuration.

[0358] Clause 60. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 55-59, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: obtain, during the measurement period, one or more first non-aggregate measurements of remaining PRS resources of the first PFL that are not capable of being aggregated with PRS resources of the second PFL; and obtain, during the measurement period, one or more second non-aggregate measurements of remaining PRS resources of the second PFL that are not capable of being aggregated with PRS resources of the first PFL, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time to at least process the one or more first non-aggregate measurements and an amount of time to at least process the one or more second non-aggregate measurements.

[0359] Clause 61. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 60, wherein the measurement period comprises at least: a first sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time to obtain the one or more aggregate measurements; a second sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time to at least obtain the one or more first non-aggregate measurements; and a third sub-measurement period corresponding to the amount of time to at least obtain the one or more second non-aggregate measurements.

[0360] Clause 62. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 55-61, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on an amount of time to process non-aggregate PRS resources in each PFL of the plurality of PFLs.

[0361] Clause 63. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 55 to 62, wherein: the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL have a first periodicity, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL have a second periodicity, the one or more aggregate measurements are obtained based on samples of repetitions of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and repetitions of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL having a least common multiple (LCM) of the first periodicity and the second periodicity.

[0362] Clause 64. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 55 to 63, wherein the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL overlap in time comprises an overlap between a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL.

[0363] Clause 65. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 55 to 64, wherein the length of the measurement period is based on whether one or more symbols of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL or the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL are dropped during the one or more aggregate measurements due to collision with one or more other channels.

[0364] Clause 66. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 55 to 65, wherein an accuracy requirement of the one or more aggregate measurements does not apply based on a time span of instances of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and a time span of instances of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL being greater than a UE aggregate PRS resource capability.

[0365] Clause 67. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 55 to 66, wherein: the plurality of PFLs consists of at least three PFLs, and the positioning assistance data further indicates that the first PFL, the second PFL, and a third PFL of the at least three PFLs can be aggregated.

[0366] Clause 68. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 67, wherein the computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to obtain the one or more aggregate measurements comprise computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: obtain, during the measurement period, the one or more aggregate measurements of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and PRS resources from a first PRS resource set of the third PFL, wherein the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the third PFL overlap in time, and wherein the length of the measurement period is based at least in part on an amount of time for processing the one or more aggregate measurements of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the third PFL.

[0367] Clause 69. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 68, wherein the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the third PFL overlap in time comprises an overlap between a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and a periodicity of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the third PFL.

[0368] Clause 70. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 67 to 69, wherein the one or more aggregate measurements are only for the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL.

[0369] Clause 71. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 55 to 70, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: receive a location information request from the location server, wherein the location information request configures the UE to report at least the one or more aggregate measurements.

[0370] Clause 72. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 55 to 71, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: receive a location information request from the location server, wherein the location information request configures the UE to report only the one or more aggregate measurements.

[0371] Those skilled in the art will understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that can be referenced throughout the above description can be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0372] Further, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans can implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0373] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an ASIC, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0374] The methods, sequences, and / or algorithms described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module can reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An example storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium can be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium can reside in an ASIC. The ASIC can reside in a user terminal (e.g., an UE). In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium can reside as discrete components in a user terminal.

[0375] In one or more example aspects, the functions described can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions can be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray® disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0376] While the foregoing disclosure shows illustrative aspects of the disclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modifications could be made therein without departing from the scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims. For example, the functions, steps and / or actions of the methods described herein need not be performed in any particular order. Furthermore, although elements of the disclosure described or claimed herein can be described or claimed in particular combinations, one or more features from a combination can be excised from the combination and still provide useable partial aspects of embodiments of the disclosure. In addition, any component, function, action or instruction described or claimed herein should not be construed as being critical or essential unless explicitly so described or claimed. Furthermore, the terms “set,” “group,” and the like as used herein are intended to include one or more elements, and the terms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include one or more items unless otherwise indicated. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to mean “and / or” unless expressly stated otherwise. In addition, the term “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless expressly stated otherwise. Moreover, as used herein, the term “about” is used to allow for variations from the nominal or desired value, as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Also, as used herein, the term “and / or” means “and” or “or,” and the term “and / or” is used in the same way as “and / or” to indicate that the terms “and” and “or” can be used in the same manner as “and / or” to indicate that the terms “and” and “or” can be used in the same manner as “and / or” to indicate that the terms “and” and “or” can be used in the same manner as “and / or” to indicate that the terms “and” and “or” can be used in the same manner as “and / or” to indicate that the terms “and” and “or” can be used in the same manner as “and / or” to indicate that the terms “and” and “or” can be used in the same manner as “and / or” to indicate that the terms “and” and “or” can be used in the same manner as “and / or” to indicate that the terms “and” and “or” can be used in the same manner as “and / or” to indicate that the terms “and” and “or” can be used in the same manner as “and / or” to indicate that the terms “and” and “or” can be used in the same manner as “and / or” to indicate that the terms “and” and “or” can be used in the same manner as “and / or” to indicate that the terms “and” and “or” can be used in the same manner as “and / or” to indicate that the terms “and” and “or” can be used in the same

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE), the user equipment (UE) comprising: One or more memory units; One or more transceivers; and One or more processors, communicatively coupled to one or more memories and one or more transceivers, are configured to: Location assistance data is received from a location server via the one or more transceivers, wherein the location assistance data indicates a plurality of Positioning Frequency Layers (PFLs) and one or more Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) resource sets in each of the plurality of PFLs, wherein the location assistance data further indicates that a first PRS resource set of a first PFL and a first PRS resource set of a second PFL can be aggregated, and wherein each PRS resource from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL can be aggregated with a corresponding PRS resource from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL; and One or more aggregated measurements are obtained during a measurement period, wherein the one or more aggregated measurements are based on the aggregation of PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and the corresponding PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, wherein each PRS resource in the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and each corresponding PRS resource in the first PRS resource set of the second PFL overlaps in time, and wherein the length of the measurement period is at least partially based on the amount of time used to obtain the one or more aggregated measurements.

2. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: During the measurement period, non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the first PFL are obtained; and Non-aggregated measurements of the one or more PRS resource sets of the second PFL are obtained during the measurement period. The length of the measurement period is further based on the amount of time for the non-aggregated measurement of at least the one or more PRS resource sets of the first PFL and the amount of time for the non-aggregated measurement of at least the one or more PRS resource sets of the second PFL.

3. The UE according to claim 2, wherein the measurement cycle includes at least: The first sub-measurement period corresponds to the amount of time used to obtain the one or more aggregate measurements. The second sub-measurement period corresponds to the amount of time for the non-aggregated measurement used to obtain the one or more PRS resource sets of the first PFL, and The third sub-measurement period corresponds to the amount of time for the non-aggregated measurement of the one or more PRS resource sets used to obtain the second PFL.

4. The UE according to claim 2, wherein: The one or more aggregate measurements are obtained during one or more first measurement gap instances. The non-aggregate measurement of the one or more PRS resource sets of the first PFL is obtained during one or more second measurement gap instances, and The non-aggregate measurement of the one or more PRS resource sets of the second PFL is obtained during one or more third measurement gap instances.

5. The UE according to claim 4, wherein: The one or more instances of the first measurement gap are configured using a first measurement gap configuration. The one or more instances of the second measurement gap are configured using a second measurement gap configuration, and The one or more third measurement gap instances are configured using a third measurement gap configuration.

6. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: During the measurement period, one or more first non-aggregation measurements are obtained of the remaining PRS resources of the first PFL that cannot be aggregated with the PRS resources of the second PFL; and During the measurement period, one or more second non-aggregation measurements are obtained of the remaining PRS resources of the second PFL that cannot be aggregated with the PRS resources of the first PFL. The length of the measurement cycle is further based on the amount of time for at least processing the one or more first non-aggregate measurements and the amount of time for at least processing the one or more second non-aggregate measurements.

7. The UE according to claim 6, wherein the measurement period includes at least: The first sub-measurement period corresponds to the amount of time used to obtain the one or more aggregate measurements. The second sub-measurement period corresponds to the amount of time used to obtain at least the one or more first non-aggregate measurements, and A third sub-measurement period, which corresponds to the amount of time used to obtain at least the one or more second non-aggregate measurements.

8. The UE of claim 1, wherein the length of the measurement period is further based on the amount of time used to process non-aggregated PRS resources in each of the plurality of PFLs.

9. The UE according to claim 1, wherein: The PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL have a first periodicity. The PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL have a second periodicity. The one or more aggregate measurements are obtained based on the least common multiple (LCM) of the repeats of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and the repeats of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL having the first periodicity and the second periodicity.

10. The UE of claim 1, wherein the PRS resources of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL and the PRS resources of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL overlap in time, including the overlap between the periodicity of the PRS resources of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL and the periodicity of the PRS resources of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL.

11. The UE of claim 1, wherein the length of the measurement period is based on whether one or more symbols of the PRS resources of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL or the first PRS resource set from the second PFL are dropped during the one or more aggregate measurements due to collisions with one or more other channels.

12. The UE of claim 1, wherein the time span of an instance of the PRS resource from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and the time span of an instance of the PRS resource from the second PFL are greater than the UE's ability to aggregate PRS resources, and the accuracy requirement of the one or more aggregation measurements does not apply.

13. The UE according to claim 1, wherein: The plurality of PFLs consists of at least three PFLs, and The positioning assistance data further indicates that the first PFL, the second PFL, and the third PFL among the at least three PFLs can be aggregated.

14. The UE of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors configured to obtain the one or more aggregated measurements include the one or more processors configured to perform the following operations: One or more aggregated measurements of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the third PFL are obtained during the measurement period, wherein the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the third PFL overlap in time, and wherein the length of the measurement period is at least partially based on the amount of time for processing the one or more aggregated measurements of the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL, the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, and the PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the third PFL.

15. The UE of claim 14, wherein the PRS resources of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL, the PRS resources of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL, and the PRS resources of the first PRS resource set from the third PFL overlap in time, including overlap between the periodicity of the PRS resources of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL, the periodicity of the PRS resources of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL, and the periodicity of the PRS resources of the first PRS resource set from the third PFL.

16. The UE of claim 13, wherein the one or more aggregated measurements are only for the PRS resources of the first PRS resource set from the first PFL and the PRS resources of the first PRS resource set from the second PFL.

17. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: The UE receives a location information request from the location server via the one or more transceivers, wherein the location information request configures the UE to report at least the one or more aggregated measurements.

18. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: The UE receives a location information request from the location server via one or more transceivers, wherein the location information request configures the UE to report only the one or more aggregated measurements.

19. A method for wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: Location assistance data is received from a location server, wherein the location assistance data indicates a plurality of Positioning Frequency Layers (PFLs) and one or more Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) resource sets in each of the plurality of PFLs, wherein the location assistance data further indicates that a first PRS resource set of a first PFL and a first PRS resource set of a second PFL can be aggregated, and wherein each PRS resource from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL can be aggregated with a corresponding PRS resource from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL; and One or more aggregated measurements are obtained during a measurement period, wherein the one or more aggregated measurements are based on the aggregation of PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and the corresponding PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, wherein each PRS resource in the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and each corresponding PRS resource in the first PRS resource set of the second PFL overlaps in time, and wherein the length of the measurement period is at least partially based on the amount of time used to obtain the one or more aggregated measurements.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: Location assistance data is received from a location server, wherein the location assistance data indicates a plurality of Positioning Frequency Layers (PFLs) and one or more Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) resource sets in each of the plurality of PFLs, wherein the location assistance data further indicates that a first PRS resource set of a first PFL and a first PRS resource set of a second PFL can be aggregated, and wherein each PRS resource from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL can be aggregated with a corresponding PRS resource from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL; and One or more aggregated measurements are obtained during a measurement period, wherein the one or more aggregated measurements are based on the aggregation of PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and the corresponding PRS resources from the first PRS resource set of the second PFL, wherein each PRS resource in the first PRS resource set of the first PFL and each corresponding PRS resource in the first PRS resource set of the second PFL overlaps in time, and wherein the length of the measurement period is at least partially based on the amount of time used to obtain the one or more aggregated measurements.

Images