Improved soil preparation method for dry farmland of soda saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of farmland soil pollution remediation, and discloses an improved soil preparation method for a soda saline-alkali soil dry farmland. The improved soil preparation method for the soda saline-alkali soil dry farmland comprises the following steps that in spring, when surface soil of soda saline-alkali soil is thawed to the depth of 50-100 cm, the surface soil is preliminarily dried till the moisture content is smaller than 35% and the soil bearing capacity is larger than or equal to 20 kpa, harrowing is conducted, the ploughing depth is 10-15 cm, the rotation direction of a tool bit is the longitudinal direction, and the soil crushing rate after operation should be larger than or equal to 60%; the rotating direction of the tool bit is transverse, and the rotating depth is 15-20 cm. According to the soil preparation method, spring improvement can be achieved, the whole construction period is sufficient, the improved land can be used for spring planting in the current year, the phenomenon that the land is idle is avoided, and the combination of transverse and longitudinal soil preparation improvement processes can improve the soil surface environment, reduce water accumulation conditions and reduce saline-alkali obstacle factors; and the improved land can provide a good planting environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of farmland soil pollution remediation technology, specifically to a method for improving and preparing dryland soil in soda saline-alkali areas. Background Technology

[0002] The main components of soda-saline-alkali land are sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, namely soda and baking soda. The accumulation of these salts in the soil leads to increased soil pH, damaged soil structure, reduced permeability, and decreased nutrient availability, thus severely impacting crop growth and development. Currently, the main approach to improving soda-saline-alkali land is paddy fields. However, soda-saline-alkali soil conditions are poor, characterized by high dispersion, heavy clay, high hardness, and strong heterogeneity, differing significantly from fertile farmland conditions. Traditional farmland preparation techniques are unsuitable for soda-saline-alkali land, or the resulting improvement leads to a poor planting environment, unfavorable for crop growth. Furthermore, saline-alkali land improvement is often carried out in autumn and winter (summer rainfall reduces soil bearing capacity). Due to the short construction period (August rainy season, October freezing), insufficient land preparation time often results in delays, affecting planting the following spring and leading to land idleness. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, or at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method for improving and preparing dryland in soda saline-alkali land.

[0004] This invention provides a method for improving and preparing dryland soil in saline-alkali soil, comprising the following steps: Step S1: In spring, when the topsoil of the soda saline-alkali soil thaws to a depth of 50-100cm, the topsoil dries to a moisture content of less than 35%, and the soil bearing capacity is ≥20kPa, harrows are driven by a motorized vehicle to harrow the land to a depth of 10-15cm. The blades rotate longitudinally, and the soil breakage rate after the operation should be ≥60%. Step S2: The rotary tiller is pulled by a locomotive to carry out the rotary tillage operation. The direction of the cutter head rotation is horizontal, and the rotary tillage depth is 15-20cm, so as to further break up the topsoil.

[0005] Optionally, the soda saline-alkali land may be improved before land preparation begins so that the pH value of the soda saline-alkali land is between 8 and 9.

[0006] Optionally, the process for improving soda saline-alkali land includes biological improvement and chemical improvement. The chemical improvement method involves applying desulfurized gypsum or sulfate to the soil, while the biological improvement method involves applying organic fertilizer or microbial agents to the soil.

[0007] Optionally, in step S2, during the rotary tillage operation, the soil particles should be finely broken, free of clods, and the soil breaking rate should be ≥60%.

[0008] Optionally, before harrowing, the plot can be preliminarily leveled so that the maximum height difference within the plot is less than ±10cm.

[0009] Optionally, farmland foundation construction may be completed before the initial leveling of the land plot. Farmland foundation construction includes farmland infrastructure construction.

[0010] Optionally, after the rotary leveling is completed and accepted, the laser leveling machine is pulled by a locomotive to complete the leveling, and the surface elevation difference after the operation does not exceed 5cm.

[0011] Optionally, in step S1, a locomotive with a power of 200 horsepower or more and a ground pressure of ≤24 kPa is selected.

[0012] Optionally, in step S2, a locomotive with a power of 200 horsepower or more and a ground pressure of ≤24 kPa is selected.

[0013] Optionally, in step S2, the blade length of the rotary machine is ≥20cm and the rotation speed is ≥500r / min.

[0014] The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: The land preparation method for improving dryland in soda saline-alkali land provided by this invention can achieve spring improvement with sufficient overall construction period and short improvement period, which increases the spring planting time and allows the improved land to be used for spring planting in the same year, avoiding the phenomenon of land idleness. Moreover, the combination of horizontal and vertical land preparation and improvement processes can improve the soil surface environment, reduce water accumulation conditions, and reduce salinity and alkali barrier factors, so that the improved land can provide a good planting environment. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the land preparation method for improving dryland in soda saline-alkali land in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the solutions of the present invention will be further described below. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0017] The following description sets forth many specific details in order to provide a full understanding of the invention, but the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein; obviously, the embodiments described in the specification are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the invention.

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, the land preparation method for improving soda-saline-alkali dryland provided by the embodiments of the present invention includes the following steps: Step S1: In spring, when the topsoil of the soda saline-alkali soil thaws to a depth of more than 1m, the topsoil is initially dried to a moisture content of less than 35%, and the soil bearing capacity is ≥20kPa, the land is harrowed by a motorized vehicle. The tillage depth is 10-15cm, the blades rotate longitudinally, and the soil breakage rate after the operation should be ≥60%. Step S2: After harrowing is completed and accepted, a rotary tiller is used to perform rotary tillage by pulling a locomotive. The tillage head rotates laterally, and the tillage depth is 15-20cm to further break up the topsoil. At the same time, the corresponding soil improvement process described below is used to further crush and mix the added organic amendments, which can increase the improvement effect of the topsoil.

[0019] The land preparation method for improving dryland in soda saline-alkali land provided by this invention can achieve spring improvement with sufficient overall construction period and short improvement period, increasing the spring planting time so that the improved land can be used for spring planting in the same year, avoiding the phenomenon of land idleness. Moreover, the combination of horizontal and vertical land preparation and improvement processes can improve the soil surface environment, solve the limitations of special seasonal climate characteristics and soil conditions on land preparation operations, effectively build a good soil environment, reduce waterlogging conditions, reduce salinity and alkali obstacles, and enable the improved land to provide a good planting environment.

[0020] Optionally, the soda saline-alkali land may be improved before or after the operation so that the pH value of the soda saline-alkali land is between 8 and 9.

[0021] This method makes the improved soil suitable for crop cultivation. In addition, the soil improvement effect can be increased by harrowing and rotary tillage, thus increasing crop yield.

[0022] Optionally, the processes for improving soda saline-alkali land include biological and chemical methods. Chemical methods involve applying desulfurized gypsum, sulfates, and other amendments to the soil, while biological methods involve applying organic fertilizers, microbial agents, and other amendments to the soil. This ensures the effectiveness of the improvement process, maintaining the pH value of the soda saline-alkali land at 8-9. These biological and chemical improvement methods are conventional techniques, and their underlying principles are not described in detail here.

[0023] In some implementations, during step S2, the soil particles should be finely broken up, free of clods, and the soil breaking rate should be ≥60%.

[0024] In some implementations, the plot is initially leveled before harrowing so that the maximum height difference within the plot is less than ±10cm.

[0025] In some implementations, farmland infrastructure construction is completed before the initial leveling of the land. This includes the construction of farmland infrastructure such as ditches, road networks, and power supply, ensuring that the land has basic irrigation and drainage conditions before the work begins, so that no further construction is required after the land is leveled.

[0026] In some implementations, after the grading is completed and accepted, a laser grader is used to pull a power locomotive to complete the leveling, with the surface elevation difference not exceeding 5cm after the operation. The power locomotive for leveling can be a vehicle with over 200 horsepower and a ground pressure ≤24kPa, allowing one locomotive to pull multiple devices. Alternatively, the power locomotive can have less than 200 horsepower, but it must still meet the traction requirements of the laser grader.

[0027] In some implementations, a laser grader includes a grader implement, a laser emitter, a laser receiver, and a laser controller. The grader implement is towed by a motorized vehicle. The laser emitter emits laser light to form a laser plane. The laser emission range of the laser emitter is generally about 1000 meters in diameter. The laser emitter generally has an automatic leveling function; if it deviates from its position due to vibration or collision during operation, it will automatically stop emitting light, sound an alarm, and automatically level again. The laser emitter can be installed in the center of the ground or at a corner. The laser receiver receives and displays the laser signal emitted by the laser emitter and transmits the laser signal to the controller. The laser receiver is generally installed on the grader implement and connected to the controller via a cable. The accuracy of the receiver signal is adjustable; the common accuracy control range for laser receivers is ±3mm to ±50mm. The laser controller processes the laser signal transmitted from the laser receiver and controls the hydraulic workstation, thereby enabling the grader implement's shovel to automatically track the laser plane for operation. This type of laser grader is a conventional piece of equipment for leveling operations, and its structure and working principle are not described in detail here.

[0028] In some implementations, in step S2, compared to step S1, a locomotive with a power of 200 horsepower or more and a ground pressure ≤24 kPa is selected.

[0029] The locomotive with this performance can meet the support requirements of the soda saline-alkali soil topsoil and provide sufficient power.

[0030] In some implementations, in step S2, a locomotive with a power of 200 horsepower or more and a ground pressure of ≤24 kPa is selected.

[0031] The locomotive with this performance can meet the support requirements of the soda saline-alkali soil topsoil and provide sufficient power.

[0032] In some embodiments, in step S2, the blade length of the rotary machine is ≥20cm and the rotation speed is ≥500r / min.

[0033] The following description uses specific embodiments and comparative examples: Example 1 Step S1: Land preparation is carried out in April. The topsoil of the soda-saline-alkali soil thaws to a depth of 80cm, and the topsoil is dried to a moisture content of 30%. The soil bearing capacity is 25kPa, which is sufficient to support mechanical construction. A 200hp motor (specific mass 40kg / kW) is used to pull and drive a harrow for harrowing. The tillage depth is 10cm, and the tillage depth is uniform and stable. After tillage, the surface is generally flat. The blade rotates longitudinally, and the soil breakage rate of the working layer (within 0-10cm) is 70%. Step S2: A locomotive with a horsepower of 200 is used to pull a rotary tiller to carry out rotary tillage. The rotary tiller is equipped with its own power machinery for rotary tillage. The rotary tiller has a rotation speed of 500 r / min, a blade length of 25 cm, a blade head rotation direction of horizontal, and a rotary tillage depth of 20 cm. The soil particles in the working layer are finely broken and free of soil clods. The soil breaking rate of the working layer (within 0-20 cm) reaches 80%.

[0034] Step S3: Use a 200-horsepower locomotive to pull a laser grader to level the soil in the field based on the soil balance elevation. After the operation, the elevation difference of the ground surface is ±5cm.

[0035] After improving the soda saline-alkali land using the method of this embodiment, a suitable soil environment for planting is directly constructed, improving the soil surface environment, reducing waterlogging, reducing salinity and alkalinity obstacles, increasing the topsoil thickness by 20 cm, and increasing the average bulk density of the topsoil from 1.80 g / cm³. 3 The concentration decreased to an average of 1.30 g / cm³. 3 In addition, surface water accumulation has been reduced, with the area affected by water accumulation decreasing by 30%.

[0036] Step S4: After improving the soda saline-alkali land using the method of this embodiment, a corn planting experiment was conducted, with a corn planting density of 5000 plants / mu.

[0037] The control field used the same improvement treatment method, but the difference from Example 1 was that the tillage depth was 20 mm and the rotary tillage depth was 25 mm. After the soda saline-alkali land was improved using the method of this example, a maize planting experiment was conducted. The maize root volume increased by 20% compared with the control, and the maize yield during the experimental period increased by an average of 40% compared with the control.

[0038] Example 2 Step S1: Land preparation is carried out in April. The topsoil of the soda-saline-alkali soil thaws to a depth of 80cm, with a surface soil moisture content of 30% and a soil bearing capacity of 25kPa, which is sufficient to support mechanical construction. A 200hp motor (specific mass 45kg / kW) is used to pull and drive a harrow for harrowing. The tillage depth is 15cm, with uniform and stable tillage. The blades rotate longitudinally, and the soil breakage rate of the working layer (within 0-10cm) is 70%. Step S2: A locomotive with a horsepower of 200 hp pulls a rotary tiller to perform rotary tillage. The rotary tiller is equipped with its own power source and operates at a speed of 500 r / min. The cutter length is 20 cm, the cutter head rotates laterally, and the tillage depth is 15 cm. The soil particles in the working layer are finely broken, without any clods, and the soil breaking rate in the working layer (within 0-15 cm) reaches 80%. Step S3: Use a 200-horsepower locomotive to pull a laser grader to level the soil in the field based on the soil balance elevation. After the operation, the elevation difference of the ground surface is ±5cm.

[0039] After improving the soda saline-alkali land using the method of this embodiment, a suitable soil environment for planting is directly constructed, improving the soil surface environment, reducing waterlogging conditions, reducing salinity and alkalinity barrier factors, increasing the topsoil thickness by 15cm, and increasing the average bulk density of the topsoil from 1.80g / cm³. 3 The concentration decreased to an average of 1.50 g / cm³. 3 In addition, surface water accumulation was reduced, with the area affected by water accumulation decreasing by 20%.

[0040] Step S4: After improving the soda saline-alkali land using the method of this embodiment, a corn planting experiment was conducted with a corn planting density of 5000 plants / acre.

[0041] The control field used the same improvement treatment method, but differed from Example 2 in that it was tilled only once, with the tillage head rotating longitudinally and the tillage depth being 20 mm. After improving the soda-saline-alkali land using the method of this example, a maize planting experiment was conducted. The maize root system volume increased by 10% compared to the control, and the maize yield during the experimental period increased by an average of 27% compared to the control.

[0042] Example 3 Step S1: Land preparation is carried out in April during spring. The topsoil of the soda-saline-alkali soil thaws to a depth of 80cm, with a topsoil moisture content of 30% and a soil bearing capacity of 25kPa, which is sufficient to support mechanical construction. A 200hp motor (specific mass 45kg / kW) is used to pull and drive a harrow for harrowing. The tillage depth is 13cm, with uniform and stable tillage. The blades rotate longitudinally, and the soil breakage rate of the working layer (within 0-10cm) is 70%. Step S2: A locomotive with a horsepower of 200 hp pulls a rotary tiller to perform rotary tillage. The rotary tiller is equipped with its own power source and operates at a speed of 500 r / min. The cutter length is 25 cm, the cutter head rotates laterally, and the tillage depth is 18 cm. The soil particles in the working layer are finely broken, without clods, and the soil breaking rate in the working layer (within 0-20 cm) reaches 80%. After improving the soda saline-alkali land using the method of this embodiment, a suitable soil environment for planting is directly constructed, improving the soil surface environment, reducing waterlogging conditions, reducing salinity and alkalinity barrier factors, increasing the topsoil thickness by 20cm, and increasing the average bulk density of the topsoil from 1.80g / cm³. 3 The concentration decreased to an average of 1.30 g / cm³. 3 In addition, surface water accumulation was reduced, with the area affected by water accumulation decreasing by 10%.

[0043] Step S3: After improving the soda saline-alkali land using the method of this embodiment, a corn planting experiment was conducted with a corn planting density of 5000 plants / acre.

[0044] The control field used the same improvement treatment method, but the difference from Example 3 was that it was tilled only once, and the blade rotated laterally with a tillage depth of 25. After improving the soda saline-alkali land using the method of this example, a corn planting experiment was conducted. The corn root volume increased by 10% compared to the control, and the corn yield during the experimental period increased by an average of 15% compared to the control.

[0045] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0046] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments described herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the invention described herein.

Claims

1. A method for improving and preparing land for dryland farming in saline-alkali soil, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: In spring, when the topsoil of the soda saline-alkali soil thaws to a depth of 50-100cm, the topsoil dries to a moisture content of less than 35%, and the soil bearing capacity is ≥20kPa, harrows are driven by a motorized vehicle to harrow the land to a depth of 10-15cm. The blades rotate longitudinally, and the soil breakage rate after the operation should be ≥60%. Step S2: The rotary tiller is pulled by a locomotive to carry out the rotary tillage operation. The direction of the cutter head rotation is horizontal, and the rotary tillage depth is 15-20cm, so as to further break up the topsoil.

2. The method for improving and preparing dryland in soda-saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before land preparation begins, the soda saline-alkali land is improved so that its pH value is between 8 and 9.

3. The method for improving and preparing dryland in soda-saline-alkali land according to claim 2, characterized in that, The processes for improving soda saline-alkali land include biological improvement and chemical improvement. Chemical improvement involves applying desulfurized gypsum or sulfate to the soil, while biological improvement involves applying organic fertilizer or microbial agents to the soil.

4. The method for improving and preparing dryland in soda-saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, during the rotary tillage operation, the soil particles should be finely broken, free of clods, and the soil breaking rate should be ≥60%.

5. The method for improving and preparing dryland in soda-saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before harrowing, the plot is initially leveled so that the maximum height difference within the plot is less than ±10cm.

6. The method for improving and preparing dryland in soda-saline-alkali land according to claim 5, characterized in that, Before the initial leveling of the land, the construction of farmland basic engineering works shall be completed, which includes the construction of farmland infrastructure.

7. The method for improving and preparing dryland in soda-saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the rotary tillage is completed and accepted, the laser grader is pulled by a locomotive to complete the leveling of the ground. The elevation difference of the ground after the operation does not exceed 5cm.

8. The method for improving and preparing dryland in soda-saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, a locomotive with a power of 200 horsepower or more and a ground pressure of ≤24 kPa is selected.

9. The method for improving and preparing dryland in soda-saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, a locomotive with a power of 200 horsepower or more and a ground pressure of ≤24 kPa is selected.

10. The method for improving and preparing dryland in soda-saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the blade length of the rotary machine is ≥20cm and the rotation speed is ≥500r / min.

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