Spray-seeding base material for ecological restoration of side slope as well as preparation method and application of spray-seeding base material

Abstract

The invention discloses a spray-seeding base material for ecological restoration of a side slope and a preparation method and application of the spray-seeding base material, and relates to the technical field of side slope restoration, and the spray-seeding base material is prepared from, by mass, 300-400 parts of planting soil, 20-30 parts of peat soil, 4-10 parts of organic fertilizer, 4-8 parts of fiber materials, 0.06-0.2 part of water-retaining agent, 0.05-0.1 part of binder, 1-2 parts of compound fertilizer, 20-35 parts of mixed seeds, 0.2-0.5 part of microbial agent, 3-6 parts of kieselguhr and 150-200 parts of water. The invention further provides a preparation method of the spray-seeding base material and application of the spray-seeding base material in ecological restoration of side slopes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope restoration technology, specifically to a hydroseeding substrate for ecological slope restoration, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization and the large-scale construction of transportation infrastructure, a large number of artificial slopes, embankments, retaining walls, and abandoned slopes in mining areas have been continuously formed. The surface soil of these exposed slopes has a loose structure and weak erosion resistance, making them extremely susceptible to rainwater erosion and wind erosion, causing soil erosion, vegetation destruction, and even geological disasters such as landslides and collapses, seriously threatening engineering safety and ecological environment stability.

[0003] Traditional slope restoration methods, such as masonry slope protection, shotcrete, and rigid retaining walls, while effective in structural reinforcement, lack ecological restoration capabilities, easily damage the original natural landscape, and are detrimental to soil and water conservation and the reconstruction of regional ecosystems. In recent years, hydroseeding, ecological substrate covering, and composite plant slope protection technologies have been gradually applied to slope management. By constructing a synergistic system of "soil-vegetation-microorganisms," the self-repair and ecological restoration capabilities of slopes are enhanced.

[0004] However, existing ecological restoration substrates still have shortcomings in terms of water and fertilizer retention, maintenance of microbial activity, and plant seed survival rate. Furthermore, some materials have poor environmental performance or high costs, limiting their large-scale application. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of slope restoration material or composition that is scientifically formulated, stable in performance, easy to construct, and highly ecologically compatible, in order to meet the restoration needs that prioritize green and low-carbon practices, ecological restoration, and engineering safety. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a hydroseeding substrate for slope ecological restoration, its preparation method and application, so as to solve the problem that the performance of existing slope restoration substrates is not good enough.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A hydroseeding substrate for slope ecological restoration comprises, by weight parts: 300-400 parts planting soil, 20-30 parts peat moss, 4-10 parts organic fertilizer, 4-8 parts fiber material, 0.06-0.2 parts water-retaining agent, 0.05-0.1 parts binder, 1-2 parts compound fertilizer, 20-35 parts mixed seeds, 0.2-0.5 parts microbial inoculant, 3-6 parts diatomaceous earth, and 150-200 parts water.

[0008] Preferably, the planting soil is clay loam with a particle size of 0.2–2 mm.

[0009] Preferably, the peat soil has a pH value of 5.5 to 6.5, the organic fertilizer is well-rotted poultry and livestock manure, and the moisture content of both the peat soil and the organic fertilizer is less than 20%.

[0010] Preferably, the fiber material is one or more of grass fiber, straw fiber, and coconut shell fiber, and the fiber length of the fiber material is <15cm.

[0011] Preferably, the water-retaining agent is a potassium-based polyacrylate-polyacrylamide copolymer with a water absorption ratio ≥400kg / kg, and the binder is a polyethylene substance with a viscosity >1500CPS.

[0012] Preferably, the compound fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 10-16:8-16:7-16.

[0013] Preferably, the mixed seeds include tall fescue, silver acacia, broadleaf grass, alfalfa, magnolia multiflora, and tree, shrub, and grass seeds in a mass ratio of 5:3:4:3:2:3.

[0014] Preferably, the microbial agent is composed of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a mass ratio of 3:2:3:2.

[0015] This invention also provides a method for preparing a hydroseeding substrate for slope ecological restoration, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1. Germination treatment of mixed seeds;

[0017] S2. Mix the planting soil and peat moss according to the specified measurements to obtain the soil matrix;

[0018] S3. Take the organic fertilizer, water-retaining agent, binder, compound fertilizer, and diatomaceous earth according to the specified amount, mix them with the soil matrix obtained in S2 and stir evenly. Then add fiber material and microbial agent and continue stirring evenly to obtain a soil mixture.

[0019] S4. Add water to the soil mixture obtained in S3 to adjust the humidity, then add the seeds that have been germinated in S1 and mix evenly to obtain the hydroseeding substrate.

[0020] This invention also provides an application of hydroseeding substrate for slope ecological restoration.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The hydroseeding substrate prepared by this invention mainly consists of planting soil and peat moss. The planting soil provides good aeration and water retention, while the peat moss has a moderate pH and is rich in humus. The mixture of the two forms a substrate structure suitable for plant growth, which significantly improves the survival rate and coverage of plants. At the same time, a potassium-based polyacrylate-polyacrylamide copolymer with a high water absorption ratio is introduced as a water-retaining agent, which has significant advantages in maintaining soil moisture and preventing water loss. The fiber material can effectively improve the overall structural stability of the hydroseeding material, enhance its erosion resistance, and prolong its stable period on the slope surface, which is conducive to vegetation rooting and establishment. In addition, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and microbial agents are added, which can effectively improve soil fertility, improve the soil micro-ecological environment, promote plant root development and above-ground growth, accelerate the vegetation coverage speed, and thus achieve rapid greening.

[0023] 2. This invention also forms a multi-layered and diversified vegetation structure through the scientific ratio of various herbaceous and shrub seeds, which not only improves the green landscape effect, but also enhances the stability and self-repair ability of the ecosystem, has strong adaptability, and has significant ecological benefits.

[0024] 3. The hydroseeding substrate provided by this invention not only has good mechanical properties and water retention capacity, but also has significant advantages in promoting plant growth, improving slope stability and improving the ecological environment. Moreover, it can be applied to slope ecological restoration projects with different slopes and geological conditions, and has broad application prospects.

[0025] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives, and effects of this invention clearer and easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments:

[0027] Example 1

[0028] S1. By weight, take 300 parts of planting soil, 20 parts of peat soil, 4 parts of organic fertilizer, 4 parts of grass fiber, 0.06 parts of potassium-based polyacrylate-polyacrylamide copolymer, 0.05 parts of polyethylene binder, 1 part of compound fertilizer, 20 parts of mixed seeds, 0.2 parts of microbial agent, 3 parts of diatomaceous earth, and 150 parts of water.

[0029] S2. Germination treatment is performed on the mixed seeds in S1, wherein the mixed seeds are composed of tall fescue, leucaine, broadleaf grass, alfalfa, magnolia multiflora and tree, shrub and grass seeds in a mass ratio of 5:3:4:3:2:3;

[0030] S3. Mix the planting soil from S1 with peat moss to obtain a soil matrix, wherein the particle size of the planting soil is 0.2 mm, the pH value of the peat moss is 5.5, and the moisture content of the peat moss is less than 20%.

[0031] S4. Mix well-rotted poultry and livestock manure with a moisture content of less than 20%, potassium-based polyacrylate-polyacrylamide copolymer, polyethylene binder, compound fertilizer, and diatomaceous earth with the soil matrix obtained in S2 and stir evenly. Then add grass fiber and microbial inoculant and continue stirring evenly to obtain a soil mixture. The mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 10:8:7, and the microbial inoculant is composed of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a mass ratio of 3:2:3:2.

[0032] S5. Add water to the soil mixture obtained in S4 to adjust the humidity, then add the seeds that have been germinated in S2 and mix evenly to obtain the hydroseeding substrate.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] S1. By weight, take 400 parts of planting soil, 30 parts of peat soil, 10 parts of organic fertilizer, 4 parts of grass fiber, 4 parts of straw fiber, 0.2 parts of potassium-based polyacrylate-polyacrylamide copolymer, 0.1 parts of polyethylene binder, 2 parts of compound fertilizer, 35 parts of mixed seeds, 0.5 parts of microbial inoculant, 6 parts of diatomaceous earth, and 200 parts of water.

[0035] S2. Germination treatment is performed on the mixed seeds in S1, wherein the mixed seeds are composed of tall fescue, leucaine, broadleaf grass, alfalfa, magnolia multiflora and tree, shrub and grass seeds in a mass ratio of 5:3:4:3:2:3;

[0036] S3. Mix the planting soil from S1 with peat moss to obtain a soil matrix, wherein the particle size of the planting soil is 2mm, the pH value of the peat moss is 6.5, and the moisture content of the peat moss is less than 20%.

[0037] S4. Mix well-rotted poultry and livestock manure with a moisture content of less than 20%, potassium-based polyacrylate-polyacrylamide copolymer, polyethylene binder, compound fertilizer, and diatomaceous earth with the soil matrix obtained in S2 and stir evenly. Then add grass fiber, straw fiber, and microbial inoculant to obtain a soil mixture. The mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 16:16:16. The microbial inoculant consists of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a mass ratio of 3:2:3:2.

[0038] S5. Add water to the soil mixture obtained in S4 to adjust the humidity, then add the seeds that have been germinated in S2 and mix evenly to obtain the hydroseeding substrate.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] S1. By weight, take 350 parts of planting soil, 25 parts of peat soil, 7 parts of organic fertilizer, 34 parts of straw fiber, 3 parts of coconut shell fiber, 0.1 parts of potassium-based polyacrylate-polyacrylamide copolymer, 0.08 parts of polyethylene binder, 1.5 parts of compound fertilizer, 28 parts of mixed seeds, 0.4 parts of microbial agent, 4 parts of diatomaceous earth, and 175 parts of water.

[0041] S2. Germination treatment is performed on the mixed seeds in S1, wherein the mixed seeds are composed of tall fescue, leucaine, broadleaf grass, alfalfa, magnolia multiflora and tree, shrub and grass seeds in a mass ratio of 5:3:4:3:2:3;

[0042] S3. Mix the planting soil from S1 with peat moss to obtain a soil matrix, wherein the particle size of the planting soil is 1 mm, the pH value of the peat moss is 6, and the moisture content of the peat moss is less than 20%.

[0043] S4. Mix well-rotted poultry and livestock manure with a moisture content of less than 20%, potassium-based polyacrylate-polyacrylamide copolymer, polyethylene binder, compound fertilizer, and diatomaceous earth with the soil matrix obtained in S2 and stir evenly. Then add grass fiber, straw fiber, and microbial inoculant to obtain a soil mixture. The mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 13:12:11, and the microbial inoculant is composed of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a mass ratio of 3:2:3:2.

[0044] S5. Add water to the soil mixture obtained in S4 to adjust the humidity, then add the seeds that have been germinated in S2 and mix evenly to obtain the hydroseeding substrate.

[0045] Example 4

[0046] S1. By weight, take 320 parts of planting soil, 27 parts of peat soil, 5 parts of organic fertilizer, 3 parts of grass fiber, 2 parts of straw fiber, 2 parts of coconut shell fiber, 0.15 parts of potassium-based polyacrylate-polyacrylamide copolymer, 0.06 parts of polyethylene binder, 1.3 parts of compound fertilizer, 32 parts of mixed seeds, 0.3 parts of microbial agent, 5 parts of diatomaceous earth, and 180 parts of water.

[0047] S2. Germination treatment is performed on the mixed seeds in S1, wherein the mixed seeds are composed of tall fescue, leucaine, broadleaf grass, alfalfa, magnolia multiflora and tree, shrub and grass seeds in a mass ratio of 5:3:4:3:2:3;

[0048] S3. Mix the planting soil from S1 with peat moss to obtain a soil matrix, wherein the particle size of the planting soil is 2mm, the pH value of the peat moss is 5.5, and the moisture content of the peat moss is less than 20%.

[0049] S4. Mix well-rotted poultry and livestock manure with a moisture content of less than 20%, potassium-based polyacrylate-polyacrylamide copolymer, polyethylene binder, compound fertilizer, and diatomaceous earth with the soil matrix obtained in S2 and stir evenly. Then add grass fiber, straw fiber, and microbial inoculant to obtain a soil mixture. The mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 14:10:15. The microbial inoculant consists of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a mass ratio of 3:2:3:2.

[0050] S5. Add water to the soil mixture obtained in S4 to adjust the humidity, then add the seeds that have been germinated in S2 and mix evenly to obtain the hydroseeding substrate.

[0051] The hydroseeding substrates prepared in Examples 1-4 were used for slope restoration. The specific steps are as follows:

[0052] S1. Slope cleaning: Starting from the top of the slope, remove loose stones, garbage, weeds and harmful substances from the slope surface from top to bottom, backfill and compact the low-lying areas to ensure a smooth slope surface;

[0053] S2. Riveting: After the slope is cleaned, rivets are driven into the slope to prepare for the subsequent process of hanging the netting. The rivets are 20-30 cm long and are driven into the slope perpendicularly to improve the stability of the netting.

[0054] S3. Laying the wire mesh: Lay galvanized diamond wire mesh (12#) on the slope, with a mesh size of 5×5cm, a width of 2m, and a length of 20m. When laying the galvanized diamond wire mesh, it should be stretched taut, and the overlap between meshes should not be less than 5cm. When the galvanized diamond wire mesh is laid at the top of the slope, it needs to be extended by 20-50cm and buried in the soil and compacted. At the same time, the galvanized diamond wire mesh should be fixed from bottom to top with ф12mm steel bars, with a steel bar length of 200-350mm and a spacing of about 0.5m between adjacent steel bars.

[0055] S4. Hydroseeding: The hydroseeding substrate is sprayed along the slope from top to bottom, with a thickness of 10-12cm.

[0056] S5. Curing: After the hydroseeding is completed, cover with non-woven fabric and spray for curing.

[0057] Subsequently, the adhesion strength, resistance to rainwater erosion, vegetation coverage, and seedling mortality rate of the hydroseeding substrate were tested after 15, 30, 90, and 180 days of maintenance. The test results are shown in the table below.

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] As can be seen from the table above, the hydroseeding substrates prepared in Examples 1-4 all showed good positive development in terms of adhesive strength, resistance to rainwater erosion, vegetation coverage, and seedling mortality after 15, 30, 90, and 180 days of curing.

[0061] Regarding adhesive strength, Example 2 exhibits good adhesive strength at different curing stages. This is because it contains a higher content of water-retaining agent and binder, which enables the formation of a denser structure, resulting in the fastest development of adhesive strength during the curing process.

[0062] Regarding resistance to rainwater runoff and mortality rate, Example 1 only added a single type of grass fiber, while Examples 2-4 used a combination of grass fiber, straw fiber, and coconut shell fiber to form a three-dimensional mesh structure. Therefore, in terms of resistance to rainwater runoff, the difference between Example 1 and Examples 2-4 became more significant as the maintenance time increased. Moreover, since the three-dimensional mesh structure formed by the combination of grass fiber, straw fiber, and coconut shell fiber in Examples 2-4 could improve the air permeability of the hydroseeding substrate, thereby reducing the mortality rate of seedlings, Examples 2-4 also performed better than Example 1 in terms of mortality rate.

[0063] Regarding vegetation coverage, Examples 1-4 all have good vegetation coverage, and because the compound fertilizer used in Example 2 has a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mass ratio of 16:16:16 and is combined with a high amount of mixed seeds, it has faster vegetation coverage.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydroseeding substrate for slope ecological restoration, characterized in that, By weight, it includes: 300-400 parts of planting soil, 20-30 parts of peat moss, 4-10 parts of organic fertilizer, 4-8 parts of fiber material, 0.06-0.2 parts of water-retaining agent, 0.05-0.1 parts of binder, 1-2 parts of compound fertilizer, 20-35 parts of mixed seeds, 0.2-0.5 parts of microbial inoculant, 3-6 parts of diatomaceous earth, and 150-200 parts of water.

2. The hydroseeding substrate for slope ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planting soil is clay loam with a particle size of 0.2–2 mm.

3. The hydroseeding substrate for slope ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The peat soil has a pH value of 5.5 to 6.5, and the organic fertilizer is well-rotted poultry and livestock manure. The moisture content of both the peat soil and the organic fertilizer is less than 20%.

4. The hydroseeding substrate for slope ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber material is one or more of grass fiber, straw fiber, and coconut shell fiber, and the fiber length of the fiber material is <15cm.

5. The hydroseeding substrate for slope ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-retaining agent is a potassium-based polyacrylate-polyacrylamide copolymer with a water absorption ratio ≥400kg / kg, and the binder is a polyethylene substance with a viscosity >1500CPS.

6. The hydroseeding substrate for slope ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 10-16:8-16:7-16.

7. The hydroseeding substrate for slope ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixed seeds include tall fescue, silver acacia, broadleaf grass, alfalfa, magnolia multiflora, and tree, shrub, and grass seeds in a mass ratio of 5:3:4:3:2:

3.

8. The hydroseeding substrate for slope ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial agent is composed of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a mass ratio of 3:2:3:

2.

9. A method for preparing a hydroseeding substrate for slope ecological restoration according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Germination treatment of mixed seeds; S2. Mix the planting soil and peat moss according to the specified measurements to obtain the soil matrix; S3. Take the organic fertilizer, water-retaining agent, binder, compound fertilizer, and diatomaceous earth according to the specified amount, mix them with the soil matrix obtained in S2 and stir evenly. Then add fiber material and microbial agent and continue stirring evenly to obtain a soil mixture. S4. Add water to the soil mixture obtained in S3 to adjust the humidity, then add the seeds that have been germinated in S1 and mix evenly to obtain the hydroseeding substrate.

10. The application of a hydroseeding substrate for slope ecological restoration according to any one of claims 1-8 in slope ecological restoration.

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