Nutritional composition for promoting absorption of fatty acid and mineral substances and application

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of functional substance research, and particularly relates to a nutritional composition for promoting absorption of fatty acid and mineral substances and application. The nutritional composition provided by the invention comprises necessary active ingredients shown as the following (I) and (II): (I) 1, 3-dioleic acid-2-palmitic acid triglyceride; (II) a milk fat globule membrane, and / or, 2 '-fucosyllactose; moreover, in the nutritional composition, the mass ratio of the necessary active component shown in (I) to the necessary active component shown in (II) is (5-10): (0.5-10). The combination of OPO and MFGM and / or 2 '-FL provided by the invention can be beneficial to promoting the absorption of the body to fatty acids and mineral substances, and especially can be beneficial to promoting the transmembrane transport capability of intestinal cells of the body to fatty acids and mineral substances, so that the absorption efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of functional substance research, specifically relating to nutritional compositions and applications that promote the absorption of fatty acids and minerals. Background Technology

[0002] Breast milk is the ideal source of nutrition for infants, and its rich nutrients offer numerous benefits for their growth and development. However, many factors often hinder breastfeeding, forcing a large number of infants worldwide to be partially or exclusively fed formula. Therefore, developing an ideal infant formula that closely matches the composition and functional characteristics of breast milk to meet the needs of healthy infant growth is of paramount importance.

[0003] Fatty acids are key nutrients for infant growth and development, profoundly impacting the brain, retina, immune system, and overall health. During the rapid brain development phase, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), as major components of the brain and retina, are crucial for nerve cell growth and connectivity. They not only promote visual acuity and cognitive development but also support normal immune system development, possessing anti-inflammatory properties that help regulate immune responses and reduce the incidence of inflammation-related diseases. Furthermore, fatty acids are an important source of energy for infants, especially medium-chain fatty acids (such as caprylic acid and lauric acid), which can quickly provide energy to support daily activities and growth. Breast milk is the best source of fatty acids for infants, with a fatty acid composition and absorption efficiency superior to infant formula. Currently, although formula milk can mimic the nutritional composition of breast milk to some extent by adding fatty acids such as DHA and ARA and adjusting the position of fatty acids, there is still a gap in absorption efficiency.

[0004] Existing technologies have investigated how to promote fatty acid absorption. Reference 1 discloses the application of a microalgae extract in promoting fatty acid absorption and / or fatty acid crossing the blood-brain barrier. The microalgae extract contains polar lipids, which constitute 30% to 99.9% of the extract, and the fatty acids are not naturally present in the microalgae extract. Reference 2 discloses a composition for improving constipation, comprising OPO, osteopontin, and oligosaccharides in a mass ratio of 100-200:0.5-20:100. This composition also promotes the absorption of minerals and fatty acids. Reference 3 discloses that *Lactobacillus plantarum* Grx402 (CGMCC No. 28585) has the ability to promote intestinal absorption of short-chain fatty acids.

[0005] Mineral elements, such as calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc, play a vital role in infant bone and teeth development, immune system enhancement, and intellectual development. Breast milk has a higher absorption and utilization rate of minerals; therefore, current national standards recommend higher levels of mineral fortification in infant formula than are commonly found in breast milk. Thus, improving mineral absorption has become a key issue that needs to be addressed in current technological development. The absorption of calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc is influenced by various factors, including age and health status, other nutrients in the diet, dietary habits, and medications. Therefore, specifically adjusting and optimizing the composition of nutrients is one way to improve their digestibility and absorption efficiency.

[0006] Existing technologies have investigated how to promote mineral absorption. Reference 4 discloses a synergistic composition for improving mineral bioavailability, comprising lutein, casein phosphopeptide, or 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol, preferably in combination with one or more indigestible oligosaccharides. These compositions can be used to prevent and / or treat mineral deficiencies and related conditions, preferably anemia, where the minerals comprise iron and / or calcium. Reference 5 discloses a *Lactobacillus plantarum* with accession number CGMCC No. 32404 that can promote mineral absorption and transport.

[0007] OPO structured lipids are structured fats that mimic the molecular structure of breast milk lipids. Through enzymatic lipid exchange technology, the proportion of palmitic acid at position 2 reaches over 40%, more closely resembling breast milk levels. This structured lipid is used in infant formula to reduce calcium soap formation, improve calcium absorption, promote the proliferation of beneficial gut bacteria, and aid in the baby's digestion, absorption, and gut health. Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a three-layered membrane structure surrounding the surface of milk fat globules, mainly composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins. It has multiple functions, including emulsification, milk stabilization, promoting nutrient absorption, and immune regulation. It is widely used in infant formula to mimic breast milk nutrition, promote brain development, and enhance immunity; however, specific studies related to fatty acid and mineral absorption have not been reported. 2'-Fucoidosyllactose (2'-FL) is an oligosaccharide found in breast milk. It plays an important role in infant gut health and immune system development; however, specific studies related to fatty acid and mineral absorption have not been reported.

[0008] References:

[0009] Reference 1: CN118416114A;

[0010] Reference 2: CN118633735A;

[0011] Reference 3: CN117511796A;

[0012] Reference 4: CN119836289A;

[0013] Reference 5: CN120424829A. Summary of the Invention

[0014] The problem the invention aims to solve

[0015] Although existing research has revealed the different effects of various optional additives in infant formula on nutrient absorption, these studies are still not comprehensive. Currently, research on the nutrient absorption function of single ingredients is relatively abundant, but the effects of combinations of multiple ingredients, especially in promoting the simultaneous digestion and absorption of multiple nutrients such as fatty acids and minerals, are still lacking in a clear understanding.

[0016] In this regard, the present invention aims to develop a nutritional composition through the scientific combination of multiple ingredients to achieve a more effective promotion of the body's digestion and absorption of multiple essential nutrients such as fatty acids and minerals.

[0017] Based on this, the present invention has conducted extensive research and unexpectedly discovered that, compared with OPO, the combination of OPO with MFGM and / or 2'-FL has a more effective promoting effect on the absorption of various saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids and minerals. In particular, when the three are used in combination and when the mass ratio of the three is within a certain range, the three have a synergistic effect.

[0018] Solution for solving the problem

[0019] [1]. A nutritional composition, characterized in that it is a nutritional composition that helps promote the absorption of fatty acids and minerals, said nutritional composition comprising the essential active ingredients shown in (I) and (II) below:

[0020] (I) 1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol;

[0021] (II) Milk fat globule membrane, and / or, 2'-fucosylated lactose;

[0022] Furthermore, in the nutritional composition, the mass ratio of the essential active ingredient shown in (I) to the essential active ingredient shown in (II) is (5-10):(0.5-10);

[0023] Preferably, in the nutritional composition, if present, the mass ratio of the 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol triglyceride, the milk fat globule membrane, and the 2'-fucosylated lactose is (5-10):(0.5-5):(0.5-5).

[0024] [2]. The nutritional composition according to [1] is characterized in that the nutritional composition further contains other types of triglycerides besides 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol, and / or other types of human milk oligosaccharides besides 2'-fucosylated lactose.

[0025] [3]. The nutritional composition according to [1] or [2] is characterized in that the milk fat globule membrane is derived from animal milk.

[0026] [4]. Use of the nutritional composition according to any one of [1]-[3] in the preparation of products that help promote the absorption of fatty acids and minerals.

[0027] [5]. According to the use described in [4], the fatty acid comprises saturated fatty acids, which include at least one of butyric acid, hexanoic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid.

[0028] [6]. The use according to [4] or [5] is characterized in that the fatty acid comprises an unsaturated fatty acid, the unsaturated fatty acid comprising at least one of oleic acid, linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid.

[0029] [7]. The use according to any one of [4]-[6] is characterized in that the mineral comprises at least one of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc.

[0030] [8]. The use according to any one of [4]-[7] is characterized in that the product includes food, the food being selected from infant food, children's food, adolescent food, maternal food, adult food and middle-aged and elderly food.

[0031] [9]. The use according to any one of [4]-[8] is characterized in that the product contains any one or more of the following ingredients: plant product ingredients, animal dairy product ingredients, animal meat product ingredients, functional additives and any acceptable excipients.

[0032]

[10] . The use according to any one of [4]-[9] is characterized in that, in the product, if present, the content of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol is 0.5%-30%, the content of milk fat globule membrane is 0.5%-10%, and the content of 2'-fucosylated lactose is 0.1%-4%.

[0033]

[11] . Use of the nutritional composition according to any one of [1]-[3] in the preparation of a product having any one or more of the following functions:

[0034] (a) It helps promote the absorption of saturated fatty acids; preferably, the saturated fatty acids include at least one of butyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid; preferably, the help to promote the absorption of saturated fatty acids includes helping to promote the transmembrane transport of saturated fatty acids by intestinal cells.

[0035] (b) Helps promote the absorption of unsaturated fatty acids; preferably, the unsaturated fatty acids include at least one of oleic acid, linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid; preferably, the help to promote the absorption of unsaturated fatty acids includes helping to promote the transmembrane transport of unsaturated fatty acids by intestinal cells.

[0036] (c) Helps to promote mineral absorption, preferably, the minerals include at least one of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc; preferably, the help to promote mineral absorption includes helping to promote transmembrane transport of minerals by intestinal cells.

[0037]

[12] . The use according to any one of

[11] is characterized in that the product comprises food, the food being selected from infant food, children's food, adolescent food, maternal food, adult food and middle-aged and elderly food.

[0038]

[13] . The use according to any one of

[11] or

[12] is characterized in that the product contains any one or more of the following ingredients: plant product ingredients, animal dairy product ingredients, animal meat product ingredients, functional additives and any acceptable excipients.

[0039]

[14] . The use according to any one of

[11] -

[13] is characterized in that, in the product, if present, the content of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol is 0.5%-30%, the content of milk fat globule membrane is 0.5%-10%, and the content of 2'-fucosylated lactose is 0.1%-4%.

[0040] The effects of the invention

[0041] This invention proposes that the combination of OPO with MFGM and / or 2'-FL can help promote the absorption of fatty acids and minerals in the body, particularly by enhancing the transmembrane transport capacity of fatty acids and minerals by intestinal cells, thereby improving absorption efficiency. Experimental data show that the combination of OPO, MFGM, and 2'-FL can improve the transmembrane transport of various saturated fatty acids (such as butyric acid, hexanoic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid), unsaturated fatty acids (such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid), and various minerals (such as calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc) in the intestine, and help improve the absorption efficiency of these essential nutrients. Furthermore, when the three are combined and the mass ratio of OPO, MFGM, and 2'-FL is within a certain range, they exhibit a synergistic effect. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The following describes embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The present invention is not limited to the various configurations described below, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the claims. Embodiments and examples obtained by appropriately combining the technical means disclosed in different embodiments are also included in the technical scope of the present invention.

[0043] I. Terminology Definition

[0044] In this invention, "comprising," "having," "including," or "containing" can mean included or open-ended, and does not exclude additional, uncited elements or method steps. At the same time, "comprising," "having," "including," or "containing" can also mean closed-ended, excluding additional, uncited elements or method steps.

[0045] In this invention, the meaning of "may" includes both performing a certain process and not performing a certain process.

[0046] In this invention, "optional" or "optionally" means that certain substances, components, execution steps, application conditions, etc., are used or not used.

[0047] In this invention, the numerical ranges represented by "value A ~ value B", "value A - value B", and "value A above / below" refer to the ranges including the endpoint values ​​A and B.

[0048] In this invention, the term "about" is used to define that the numerical ranges and parameters of this invention are approximate values, and the relevant values ​​in the specific embodiments have been presented as precisely as possible. Unless otherwise explicitly stated, it should be understood that all ranges, quantities, values, and percentages used in this invention are modified by the term "about". Here, "about" generally means that the actual value is within ±5%, ±3%, ±1%, or ±0.5% of a specific value or range. Furthermore, the values ​​and ranges appearing in this invention should be understood to include systematic errors that are unavoidable in industrial production.

[0049] In this invention, terms such as "some specific / preferred embodiments," "other specific / preferred embodiments," and "implementation" refer to specific elements (e.g., features, structures, properties, and / or characteristics) related to a particular embodiment that are included in at least one of the embodiments described herein, and may or may not be present in other embodiments. Furthermore, it should be understood that these elements may be combined in any suitable manner in various embodiments.

[0050] In this invention, all unit names used are international standard unit names, and unless otherwise stated, the "%" used refers to weight or mass percentage content.

[0051] In this invention, "infants and toddlers" refers to the human group under the age of 3, including infants aged 0-6 months, older infants aged 6-12 months, and toddlers aged 12-36 months.

[0052] In this invention, "children" refers to the human group aged 3-6 years.

[0053] In this invention, "teenagers" refers to the human group aged 7-18.

[0054] In this invention, "pregnant women" includes women who are pregnant and women who are breastfeeding.

[0055] In this invention, "middle-aged and elderly" refers to the human group aged 41 and above.

[0056] In this invention, for the convenience of describing fatty acid glycerides, the following characters are used to refer to different types of fatty acids: Ca: decanoic acid (C10:0); La: lauric acid (C12:0); M: myristic acid (C14:0); P: palmitic acid (C16:0); S: stearic acid (C18:0); O: oleic acid (C18:1); L: linoleic acid (C18:2); Ln: linolenic acid (C18:3); ARA: eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:4); DHA: docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6); EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5).

[0057] In this invention, for specific fatty acid esters, a parallel combination of the above characters is used to represent the type of fatty acid glyceride, wherein the letter or letter combination in the middle position represents the fatty acid at the 2-position of glycerol. For example, OPO is used to represent 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol triglyceride; OPL is used to represent 1-oleic-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleic acid triglyceride.

[0058] In this invention, "animal milk" refers to the fluid obtained from the mammary glands of a mammal in the process of lactation. The term "animal milk" should be interpreted broadly and encompasses both raw milk (i.e., the fluid obtained directly from the mammary glands) and standardized dairy products (such as skim milk or whole milk).

[0059] Unless otherwise defined, other technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0060] II. Nutritional Composition

[0061] The nutritional composition provided by this invention comprises the essential active ingredients shown in (I) and (II) below:

[0062] (I) 1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol;

[0063] (II) Milk fat globule membrane, and / or, 2'-fucosylated lactose.

[0064] The 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol triglyceride (OPO) described in this invention is a structured lipid. This invention does not specifically limit the source of OPO; for example, it can be derived from OPO structured mixed lipids (structured mixed lipids with OPO as the main component), vegetable oils, etc.

[0065] Since it is generally difficult to obtain high-purity structural lipids through conventional methods (or their economic viability makes them unsuitable for industrial production), oil products primarily composed of structural lipids with a specific structure are mainly mixed structural lipids containing that structure. This invention does not impose particular limitations on the preparation method of mixed structural lipids. They can be obtained through esterification of glycerol and fatty acids in the presence of a catalyst, or through transesterification of triglycerides and fatty acids from various existing sources in the presence of a (specific) catalyst (enzyme). Optionally, the products of the esterification and transesterification reactions can be post-processed, such as by purification, to obtain the final mixed structural lipid product.

[0066] Among some typical transesterification methods, fully palmitic triglycerides (PPP) are used as the reactants. Other fatty acids, such as oleic acid and linoleic acid, are added, and transesterification is carried out in the presence of a catalyst (e.g., a specific catalytic enzyme) to obtain the target mixed-structure lipid. Furthermore, the aforementioned mixed-structure lipids can be obtained not only through the above methods but also directly from commercially available products.

[0067] Milk is a complex suspension, and fat is one of its main components. Milk fat exists in milk as small droplets, spherical in shape, hence the name milk fat globule (MFG). Milk fat globules are approximately 0.2–15 μm in diameter and are covered by a thin film of 10–20 nm, called the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). MFGM is generally considered to have a three-layered membrane structure and is a "natural" emulsifier, preventing the coagulation and aggregation of fat globules in milk and protecting the fat from enzymatic action.

[0068] Furthermore, from a compositional perspective, MFGM is a protein-lipid complex. Existing research shows that milk fat globule membrane proteins are distributed asymmetrically within the milk fat globule membrane, accounting for approximately 25% to 75% of the total MFGM. Based on their location, milk fat globule membrane proteins can be categorized into: integrated proteins, peripheral proteins, and proteins loosely bound to the membrane.

[0069] There are many types of MFGM proteins, the most important of which include: lactolipoprotein (BTN, glycoprotein), mucin 1 (MUC1, glycoprotein), xanthine oxidoreductase / dehydrogenase (XO / XDH, glycoprotein), lactoglucosin (MFG-E8 or PAS6 / 7), mucin 15 (PASⅢ, glycoprotein), CD36 (or PASⅣ, glycoprotein), adipocyte differentiation-associated protein (ADPH, non-glycoprotein), and fatty acid-binding protein (FABP, non-glycoprotein), etc.

[0070] For MFGM lipids, the lipid components of MFGM are mainly composed of polar lipids (such as phospholipids), and also contain some neutral lipids (such as triglycerides). Polar lipids are further divided into phospholipids and sphingolipids. Polar lipids in MFGM are often used as emulsifiers. Studies have found that the polar lipids in MFGM mainly include phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylinositols (PI), and phosphatidylserine (PS), with PC having the highest proportion, and PS and PI having relatively low proportions.

[0071] Furthermore, there are no particular limitations on the source of the milk fat globule membrane of the present invention. It can generally be obtained by extraction from animal milk or its products. In some preferred embodiments, such animal milk or its products can be cow milk, sheep milk, camel milk, horse milk or dairy products based on them (e.g., cheese), etc. More preferably, it can be extracted from cow milk, including bovine colostrum or regular bovine milk.

[0072] The present invention does not particularly limit the method for extracting MFGM from the above-mentioned animal milk or its products. For example, the method of acidification precipitation-centrifugation-isoelectric point enrichment-drying can be used, or the existing membrane filtration method can be used to separate MFGM.

[0073] In addition, MFGM can also be obtained from commercially available products. Commercial sources of MFGM for this invention include Lacprodan MFGM-10, Lacprodan PL-20, Cor-Powder SM3, Cor-Powder SM2, lipid-rich MFGM fraction, or buttermilk powder concentrates such as BPC50, BPC60, G600, PC700, Hilmar WPC 7500, MEGMENRICHED WPC, etc.

[0074] 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is a neutral trisaccharide composed of L-fucose, D-galactose, and D-glucose units. The monosaccharide L-fucose is linked to the disaccharide D-lactose via an α(1→2) bond. Its molecular formula is C2. 18 H 32 O 15 This invention does not impose any particular limitation on the source of 2'-FL. Typically, it can be obtained through common chemical synthesis methods, microbial fermentation, and other means in the art. Furthermore, 2'-FL can also be derived from animal milk, such as cow's milk.

[0075] This invention has discovered that, compared to OPO alone, its combination with MFGM or 2'-FL can more effectively promote the absorption of fatty acids and minerals. Furthermore, compared to OPO alone or its combination with MFGM or 2'-FL, the nutritional composition provided by this invention, which contains OPO, MFGM, and 2'-FL, can further promote the absorption of fatty acids and minerals, that is, there is a synergistic effect among the three.

[0076] In some embodiments, in the nutritional composition of the present invention, (I) 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol and (II) milk fat globule membrane are the main active ingredients. That is, the nutritional composition of the present invention mainly relies on (I) 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol and (II) milk fat globule membrane to exert specific physiological functions, such as helping to promote the absorption of fatty acids and minerals. In other words, in some embodiments, the active ingredients of the nutritional composition (the components that exert specific physiological functions, i.e., the components that help promote the absorption of fatty acids and minerals) are composed of the following components (I) and (II): (I) 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol and (II) milk fat globule membrane.

[0077] In some embodiments, in the nutritional composition of the present invention, (I) 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol and (II) 2'-fucosylated lactose are the main active ingredients. That is, the nutritional composition of the present invention mainly relies on (I) 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol and (II) 2'-fucosylated lactose to exert specific physiological functions, such as helping to promote the absorption of fatty acids and minerals. In other words, in some embodiments, the active ingredients of the nutritional composition (the components that exert specific physiological functions, i.e., the components that help promote the absorption of fatty acids and minerals) are composed of the following components (I) and (II): (I) 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol and (II) 2'-fucosylated lactose.

[0078] In some embodiments, in the nutritional composition of the present invention, (I) 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol, (II) milk fat globule membrane, and 2'-fucosylated lactose are the main active ingredients. That is, the nutritional composition of the present invention mainly relies on (I) 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol, (II) milk fat globule membrane, and 2'-fucosylated lactose to exert specific physiological functions, such as helping to promote the absorption of fatty acids and minerals. In other words, in some embodiments, the active ingredients of the nutritional composition (the components that exert specific physiological functions, i.e., the components that help promote the absorption of fatty acids and minerals) are composed of the following components (I) and (II): (I) 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol, (II) milk fat globule membrane, and 2'-fucosylated lactose.

[0079] In some embodiments, the nutritional composition comprises an active ingredient (a component that performs a specific physiological function, i.e., a component that helps promote the absorption of fatty acids and minerals) and an inactive ingredient (a substance that does not help promote the absorption of fatty acids and minerals). Exemplarily, the inactive ingredient may be other nutrients, any food-acceptable excipient, and / or substances that are generated during the production or acquisition of the active ingredient and cannot be effectively separated from the active ingredient or do not need to be separated. In some embodiments, the nutritional composition consists of the active ingredient and the inactive ingredient.

[0080] In some embodiments, the nutritional composition further contains triglycerides other than 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol, and / or human milk oligosaccharides other than 2'-fucosylated lactose. Exemplary examples of triglycerides other than 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol include OPL, OOL, OPP, OLO, OLL, OPLa, LPLa, OPCa, OLaO, OLaL, OMLa, SLaL, and SLaO; and human milk oligosaccharides other than 2'-fucosylated lactose include 3-fucosylated lactose, 3'-sialylated lactose, 6'-sialylated lactose, lactose-N-tetrasaccharide, lactose-N-neotetrasaccharide, lactose-N-fucopentose I, and difucosylated lactose. All of the above substances can be present in the nutrient as inactive ingredients.

[0081] In some embodiments, the nutritional composition comprises the following components (I) and (II): (I) 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol triglyceride; (II) milk fat globule membrane and 2'-fucosylated lactose.

[0082] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the essential active ingredient shown in (I) to the essential active ingredient shown in (II) in the nutritional composition is (5-10):(0.5-10); preferably 8:(0.5-10); more preferably 8:(1-8), for example, it can be 8:1, 8:1.5, 8:2, 8:2.5, 8:3, 8:3.5, 8:4, 8:4.5, 8:5, 8:5.5, 8:6, 8:6.5, 8:7, 8:7.5 or 8:8, etc.

[0083] In some specific embodiments, if present, the mass ratio of the 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol to the milk fat globule membrane in the nutritional composition is (5-10):(0.5-5); preferably 8:(0.5-5); more preferably 8:(1-4), for example, it can be 8:1, 8:1.5, 8:2, 8:2.5, 8:3, 8:3.5 or 8:4, etc.

[0084] In some specific embodiments, if present, the mass ratio of the 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol to the 2'-fucosylated lactose in the nutritional composition is (5-10):(0.5-5); preferably 8:(0.5-5); more preferably 8:(1-3), for example, it can be 8:1, 8:1.5, 8:2, 8:2.5 or 8:3, etc.

[0085] In some specific embodiments, in the nutritional composition, if present, the mass ratio of the 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol triglyceride, the milk fat globule membrane, and the 2'-fucosylated lactose is (5-10):(0.5-5):(0.5-5); preferably 8:(0.5-5):(0.5-5); more preferably 8:(1-4):(1-3), for example, it can be 8:1:1, 8:1:2, 8:1:3, 8:2:1, 8:2:2, 8:2:3, 8:3:1, 8:3:2, 8:3:3, 8:4:1, 8:4:2, or 8:4:3, etc.

[0086] The present invention does not impose any particular limitation on the form of the nutritional composition; typically, it can be a liquid or a solid. From the perspective of ease of production, transportation, storage, and use, the nutritional composition of the present invention is preferably a powdered solid.

[0087] III. Uses of Nutritional Combinations

[0088] This invention proposes that combining 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol with milk fat globule membrane and / or 2'-fucosylated lactose in a certain proportion can help promote the absorption of fatty acids and minerals.

[0089] In some embodiments, the fatty acid includes saturated fatty acids, which include at least one of butyric acid, hexanoic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid; preferably, the saturated fatty acid includes butyric acid, hexanoic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid.

[0090] In some embodiments, the fatty acid includes unsaturated fatty acids, including at least one of oleic acid, linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid; preferably, the unsaturated fatty acid includes oleic acid, linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid.

[0091] In some embodiments, the mineral includes at least one of calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc; preferably, the mineral includes calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc.

[0092] In some embodiments, the aid in promoting fatty acid and mineral absorption includes aiding in promoting the absorption of unsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, and minerals, wherein the saturated fatty acids include at least one of butyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid; the unsaturated fatty acids include at least one of oleic acid, linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid; and the minerals include at least one of calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc.

[0093] In some embodiments, the aid in promoting fatty acid and mineral absorption includes aiding in promoting the absorption of unsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, and minerals, wherein the saturated fatty acids include butyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid; the unsaturated fatty acids include oleic acid, linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid; and the minerals include calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc.

[0094] In some implementations, the aid in promoting fatty acid and mineral absorption includes aiding in promoting transmembrane transport of fatty acids and minerals by intestinal cells.

[0095] The present invention does not specifically limit the products containing the above-mentioned nutritional composition or products that can be prepared using the above-mentioned nutritional composition; for example, they can be food products.

[0096] In some embodiments, the food described in this invention is in the form of a liquid or a solid under normal temperature conditions.

[0097] In some implementations, the food is infant food, children's food, adolescent food, pregnant and postpartum food, adult food, or food for the middle-aged and elderly.

[0098] In some embodiments, the food described in this invention is a confectionery, such as hard candy, gel candy, shortbread candy, compressed candy, and aerated candy.

[0099] In some embodiments, the food described in this invention is a beverage, such as carbonated beverages, tea beverages, coffee beverages, fruit and vegetable juice beverages, and lactic acid bacteria beverages.

[0100] In some embodiments, the food described in this invention is a dairy product, such as milk powder, cheese, yogurt, liquid milk, etc.

[0101] In some embodiments, the food described in this invention is a baked food, such as bread, cake, and biscuits.

[0102] In some embodiments, the food products described in this invention are dietary supplements, such as hard capsules, soft capsules, tablets, oral liquids, pills, granules, and powders.

[0103] In some embodiments, in the food product of the present invention, the mass ratio of the essential active ingredient shown in (I) to the essential active ingredient shown in (II) is (5-10):(0.5-10); preferably 8:(0.5-10); more preferably 8:(1-8), for example, it can be 8:1, 8:1.5, 8:2, 8:2.5, 8:3, 8:3.5, 8:4, 8:4.5, 8:5, 8:5.5, 8:6, 8:6.5, 8:7, 8:7.5 or 8:8, etc.

[0104] In some specific embodiments, in the food described in this invention, if present, the mass ratio of the 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol triglyceride to the milk fat globule membrane is (5-10):(0.5-5); preferably 8:(0.5-5); more preferably 8:(1-4), for example, it can be 8:1, 8:1.5, 8:2, 8:2.5, 8:3, 8:3.5 or 8:4, etc.

[0105] In some specific embodiments, in the food described in this invention, if present, the mass ratio of the 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol to the 2'-fucosylated lactose is (5-10):(0.5-5); preferably 8:(0.5-5); more preferably 8:(1-3), for example, it can be 8:1, 8:1.5, 8:2, 8:2.5 or 8:3, etc.

[0106] In some specific embodiments, in the food described in this invention, if present, the mass ratio of the 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol triglyceride, the milk fat globule membrane, and the 2'-fucosylated lactose is (5-10):(0.5-5):(0.5-5); preferably 8:(0.5-5):(0.5-5); more preferably 8:(1-4):(1-3), for example, it can be 8:1:1, 8:1:2, 8:1:3, 8:2:1, 8:2:2, 8:2:3, 8:3:1, 8:3:2, 8:3:3, 8:4:1, 8:4:2, or 8:4:3, etc.

[0107] The present invention does not impose any particular limit on the absolute content of the 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol triglyceride, the milk fat globule membrane, and the 2'-fucosylated lactose in food, as long as the requirements of local food-related laws and regulations are met.

[0108] In some embodiments, the 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol content in the food is 0.5%-30% based on the total dry matter content of the food, the milk fat globule membrane content is 0.5%-10%, and the 2'-fucosylated lactose content is 0.1%-4%.

[0109] In addition to the components described above in the nutritional composition, the food may also contain other ingredients, such as common food ingredients like proteins / amino acids, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals.

[0110] Furthermore, depending on the type of food and the end needs of the target audience, in some embodiments, the food contains any one or more of the following ingredients: plant-based ingredients, animal dairy ingredients, animal meat ingredients, functional additives, and any acceptable excipients.

[0111] Examples of plant-based ingredients include fruits such as figs, pomegranates, kiwis, oranges, pineapples, strawberries, apples, bananas, grapes, pears, cherries, blueberries, blackberries, blackcurrants, cranberries, raspberries, melons, amla, and bilberries, or their extracts; fruits and vegetables such as onions, cucumbers, tomatoes, cauliflower, carrots, spinach, kale, Brussels sprouts, garlic, basil, and oregano, or their extracts; grains such as rice (indica, japonica, glutinous rice), cereals (wheat, barley, oats, rye), corn, sorghum, millet, sorghum, yellow millet, buckwheat, soybeans, broad beans, peas, mung beans, red beans, and kidney beans, or their extracts; nuts such as walnuts, pistachios, cashews, hazelnuts, almonds, apricot kernels, pine nuts, peanuts, sunflower seeds, chestnuts, macadamia nuts, and ginkgo nuts, or their extracts; coffee or its extracts; and some medicinal and edible herbal medicines or their extracts.

[0112] Animal dairy product ingredients can include fresh milk from cows and sheep, as well as reprocessed dairy products such as whole milk powder, skim milk powder, whey protein concentrate, desalted whey powder, whey protein powder, hydrolyzed whey protein powder, and casein powder.

[0113] Examples of animal meat product ingredients include pork, beef, mutton, seafood, and poultry.

[0114] Examples of functional additives include vitamin supplements (such as vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K1, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, pantothenic acid, folic acid, niacin, biotin, etc.), mineral supplements (such as iron, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium, nickel, vanadium, fluorine, selenium, iodine, silicon, tin, etc.), nucleotide supplements (e.g.), dietary fiber (e.g., inulin, konjac flour, galactooligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, isomaltooligosaccharides, soybean polysaccharides, cyclodextrin, resistant dextrin, soybean fiber, etc.), and functional polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements (e.g., arachidonic acid oil powder, docosahexaenoic acid oil powder, etc.).

[0115] Any acceptable excipients may include solvents, antioxidants, antibacterial agents, thickeners, diluents, cosolvents, stabilizers, emulsifiers, fillers, disintegrants, lubricants, coating materials, anti-caking agents, flavoring agents, sweeteners, food flavorings, and food colorings.

[0116] Example

[0117] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, specific conditions in the examples are performed under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise specified, all materials and instruments used are commercially available conventional products.

[0118] Example 1: Effect of nutritional composition on apparent permeability and absorption rate of saturated fatty acid transport

[0119] 1. Experimental Methods

[0120] 1.1. Experimental Materials

[0121] (1) 1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol triglyceride (OPO): Yihai Kerry, product name is Edible Vegetable Blended Oil (containing 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol triglyceride), batch number is 242229G8445, the OPO content in this raw material is 37.6%.

[0122] (2) Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM): Arla, product name Lacprodan MFGM-10, batch number P520217, the raw material contains 7.6% by weight of phospholipids, 2% by weight of sphingomyelins, and 71% by weight of protein.

[0123] (3) 2'-Fucose-based lactose (2'-FL): DSM, product name GlyCare TM 2'-FL 9000, batch number DK22373002, the 2'-FL content in this raw material is 97.3% by weight.

[0124] (4) Caco-2 cells: human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells.

[0125] 1.2. Preparation of compositions containing fats and minerals

[0126] Based on the fat content of the samples, high-pressure homogenization was performed, and the total fat concentration was adjusted to 10 mg / mL with skim milk. The mineral addition levels were based on those for infant formula, i.e., 24.5 mg calcium, 2.1 mg magnesium, 0.34 mg iron, and 0.2 mg zinc per gram of fat. Different nutritional compositions were prepared, and the specific nutrient contents are shown in Table 1.

[0127] Table 1. Nutrient content in different nutritional compositions

[0128]

[0129] 1.3. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion experiment

[0130] The basic scheme of this experiment uses the dynamic bionic digestion system provided by Xiaodong Yijian Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd., and is carried out according to the in vitro dynamic simulated digestion scheme. The digestive fluids mainly included in this method are as follows:

[0131] Preparation of Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF) electrolyte stock solution: Dissolve the SGF powder in a clean beaker, add 0.825 mL of MgCl2(H2O)6 solution, and after complete dissolution, transfer to a 1 L volumetric flask. Add 3.25 mL of 6M HCl, and bring the volume to 1 L with distilled water. Transfer to a glass reagent bottle for storage. Preparation of digestive fluid simulation solution: Take 98.5 mL of SGF electrolyte stock solution, add 50 μL of CaCl2(H2O)2 solution, and adjust the pH with 6M HCl. Dynamically digest in vitro to adjust to 3.2. Dissolve one portion of Pepsin and Lipase in the above solution (when dissolving enzymes, care should be taken to minimize enzyme loss, otherwise it will affect the enzyme concentration of the digestive fluid simulation solution; it is recommended to rinse the reagent bottle with the above solution).

[0132] Preparation of Simulated Intestinal Fluid (SIF) electrolyte stock solution: Dissolve the SIF powder in a clean beaker, add 2.75 mL of MgCl2(H2O)6 solution, and after complete dissolution, transfer to a 1 L volumetric flask. Add 1.75 mL of 6M HCl, and bring the volume to 1 L with distilled water. Transfer to a glass reagent bottle for storage. Preparation of digestive fluid simulation solution: Take 98.3 mL of SIF electrolyte stock solution, add 200 μL of CaCl2(H2O)2 solution, and adjust the pH to 6.5 with 6M HCl. Dissolve one portion of Pancreatin and Bile salt in the above solution (when dissolving the enzyme, care should be taken to minimize enzyme loss, otherwise it will affect the enzyme concentration of the digestive fluid simulation solution).

[0133] For the gastric digestion stage, prepare 12 100 mL centrifuge tubes, add 30 mL of gastric juice to each, and incubate at 37°C for 10 min. For the 12 different 30 mL combinations, incubate at 37°C for 10 min and add them to the corresponding incubated digestion solution. Incubate on a shaker at 37°C (180 r / min), starting the timer. Samples are taken from each centrifuge tube at 60 min of digestion time. Adjust the pH to 7.0 by adding 1 M NaHCO3 and place on ice to stop the reaction. For the simulated intestinal digestion stage, mix 30 mL of digestion product with 30 mL of intestinal fluid, and continue incubation on a shaker at 37°C. Samples are taken from each centrifuge tube at 120 min of digestion time. Add 4 mM 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride and place on ice to stop the reaction. Aliquot and seal the digested products and store at -20°C for subsequent digestion product analysis.

[0134] 1.4. In vitro Caco-2 cell uptake experiment

[0135] The revived Caco-2 cells were seeded into culture flasks and cultured in a 37°C, 5% CO2 incubator. When the Caco-2 cells in the culture flasks reached the logarithmic growth phase, they were seeded into Transwell chambers. Complete culture medium was added to the top and bottom sides of the filter membrane, and the chambers were then placed in an incubator for further culture. The cells were cultured for 21 days, and cell morphology was observed daily under a microscope.

[0136] 1.4.1. Determination of fatty acid and mineral absorption ratios and apparent permeability coefficients for transport

[0137] Bidirectional transmembrane transport experiments were conducted using a Caco-2 cell monolayer model formed after 21 days of culture. Cell culture medium from both sides of the Transwell chamber was discarded, and the cells were washed twice with calcium- and magnesium-free Hanks buffer. The final digestion products were filtered through a sterile 0.22 μm filter membrane. 0.25 mL of the digested sample and 0.15 mL of calcium- and magnesium-free Hanks buffer were added to the AP side of the Caco-2 cell Transwell chamber, and 1.5 mL of calcium- and magnesium-free Hanks buffer was added to the BL side. The chambers were incubated for 2 hours. Then, 0.1 mL of the BL side liquid was aspirated, the inner chamber was removed, and the cells on the polycarbonate membrane were carefully scraped off and sonicated. The levels of fatty acids in cells and the initial AP side addition and final BL side transfer in each group were determined using a free fatty acid assay kit. The levels of calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc in cells and the initial AP side addition and final BL side transfer in each group were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The absorption ratios and apparent permeability (Papp) of fatty acids, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc in each group were then calculated using the following formulas:

[0138] Papp=(dQ / dt) / (A×C0);

[0139] dQ / dt is the amount of fatty acids, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc transported per unit time (mg / s); A is the surface area of ​​the transport membrane (cm²). 2 C0 is the original concentration (μg / mL) of fatty acids, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc on the AP side.

[0140] The absorption rate of fatty acids, calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc is calculated as: (Intracellular content of fatty acids, calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc) / (Initial content of fatty acids, calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc added to the AP side) × 100%.

[0141] 2. Experimental Results

[0142] Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are a class of fatty acids whose carbon chains do not contain double bonds and whose hydrogen atoms are saturated. Common saturated fatty acids include butyric acid (C4:0), lauric acid (C12:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), and stearic acid (C18:0). They are important components of cell membranes and participate in energy storage and metabolic regulation. Among them, some short-chain saturated fatty acids (such as butyric acid) are beneficial to gut health.

[0143] Saturated fatty acids are important nutrients, and their intestinal absorption efficiency affects the nutritional and health value of food. The CaCo-2 cell model can simulate the absorption function of small intestinal epithelial cells to study the transport process of saturated fatty acids. In this experiment, the total fat concentration of each nutrient composition was the same. After digestion in an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model, equal amounts of digestive fluid were taken and absorbed through the CaCo-2 cell in vitro absorption model. The apparent permeability coefficient and absorption rate of saturated fatty acids transported to the lower chamber are shown in Tables 2 to 9.

[0144] The results showed that, compared with Comparative Example 1, the apparent permeability coefficients and absorption rates of each saturated fatty acid (butyric acid, hexanoic acid, caprylic acid, decanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid) in Reference Examples 1, 2, and 3 were all increased (P<0.05), suggesting that the addition of MFGM can enhance the absorption of saturated fatty acids. Reference Examples 4, 5, and 6 increased the 2'-FL content based on Comparative Example 1. The results showed that, compared with Comparative Example 1, the apparent permeability coefficients and absorption rates of each saturated fatty acid (butyric acid, hexanoic acid, caprylic acid, decanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid) in Reference Examples 4, 5, and 6 were all increased (P<0.05), suggesting that 2'-FL has a significant effect on promoting the absorption of saturated fatty acids. Based on the reference example, Experiments 1 to 6 added OPO, MFGM, and 2'-FL together. The results showed that simultaneously enhancing the content of OPO, MFGM, and 2'-FL could further increase the apparent permeability coefficient and absorption rate of saturated fatty acids (P<0.05), suggesting that the nutritional composition of OPO, MFGM, and 2'-FL can promote increased absorption of saturated fatty acids in cells.

[0145] Specifically, as shown in Table 2, comparing Reference Example 1, Reference Example 4, and Experimental Example 1, the increase in the apparent permeability coefficient of butyric acid in Experimental Example 1 (0.9 × 10⁻⁶) compared to Comparative Example 1 is illustrated. -6 () is greater than the sum of Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 4 (0.5 × 10) -6 +0.3×10 -6 Compared to the increase in butyric acid transport and absorption rate in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 1 (7.5) was greater than the sum of Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 4 (4.3 + 2.3). As shown in Table 3, comparing Reference Example 1, Reference Example 5, and Experimental Example 2, compared to the increase in apparent permeability coefficient of hexanoic acid in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 2 (1.5 × 10⁻⁶) was significantly larger. -6 () is greater than the sum of Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 5 (0.7 × 10) -6 +0.5×10 -6Compared to the increase in hexanoic acid transport and absorption rate in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 2 (17.4) was greater than the sum of Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 5 (7.8 + 6.2). As shown in Table 4, comparing Reference Example 1, Reference Example 6, and Experimental Example 3, compared to the increase in apparent permeability coefficient of octanoic acid in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 3 (1.3 × 10⁻⁶) was significantly larger. -6 () is greater than the sum of Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 6 (0.5 × 10) -6 +0.5×10 -6 Compared to the increase in caprylic acid transport and absorption rate in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 3 (20.9) was greater than the sum of Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 6 (7.6 + 8.4). As shown in Table 5, comparing Reference Example 3, Reference Example 4, and Experimental Example 4, compared to the increase in apparent permeability coefficient of decanoic acid in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 4 (1.1 × 10⁻⁶) was significantly larger. -6 () is greater than the sum of Reference Example 3 and Reference Example 4 (0.8 × 10) -6 +0.2×10 -6 Compared to the increase in decanoic acid transport and absorption rate in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 4 (25.5) was greater than the sum of Reference Examples 3 and 4 (17.3 + 5.1). As shown in Table 6, comparing Reference Examples 3, 5, and Experimental Example 5, compared to the increase in apparent permeability coefficient of lauric acid in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 5 (0.92 × 10⁻⁶) was significantly larger (25.5%). -5 () is greater than the sum of Reference Example 3 and Reference Example 5 (0.52 × 10) -5 +0.23×10 -5 Compared to the increase in lauric acid transport and absorption rate in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 5 (37.2) was greater than the sum of Reference Example 3 and Reference Example 5 (21.9 + 9.7). As shown in Table 7, comparing Reference Example 3, Reference Example 6, and Experimental Example 6, compared to the increase in apparent permeability coefficient of myristic acid in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 6 (1.31 × 10⁻⁶) was significantly larger. -5 () is greater than the sum of Reference Example 3 and Reference Example 6 (0.71 × 10) -5 +0.41×10 -5 Compared to the increase in myristic acid transport and absorption rate in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 6 (25.4) was greater than the sum of Reference Example 3 and Reference Example 6 (13 + 8.2). As shown in Table 8, comparing Reference Example 1, Reference Example 4, and Experimental Example 1, the increase in apparent permeability coefficient of palmitic acid in Experimental Example 1 (0.56 × 10⁻⁶) was greater than that in Comparative Example 1. -5 () is greater than the sum of Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 4 (0.36 × 10) -5 +0.18×10 -5Compared to the increase in palmitic acid transport and absorption rate in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 1 (18) showed a greater increase than the sum of Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 4 (10.9 + 6.3). As shown in Table 9, comparing Reference Example 1, Reference Example 5, and Experimental Example 2, compared to the increase in the apparent permeability coefficient of stearic acid in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 2 (0.68 × 10⁻⁶) showed a greater increase (10.9 + 6.3). -5 () is greater than the sum of Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 5 (0.28 × 10) -5 +0.28×10 -5 Compared to the increase in stearic acid transport and absorption rate in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 2 (11.4) was greater than the sum of Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 5 (5.1 + 4.1).

[0146] The above results indicate a synergistic effect among OPO, MFGM, and 2'-FL, which can promote increased cellular uptake of saturated fatty acids.

[0147] Table 2 Apparent permeability and absorption rate of butyric acid transport

[0148]

[0149] Table 3 Apparent permeability and absorption rate of hexanoic acid transport

[0150]

[0151] Table 4 Apparent permeability and absorption rate of caprylic acid transport

[0152]

[0153] Table 5 Apparent permeability and absorption rate of decanoic acid transport

[0154]

[0155] Table 6 Apparent permeability and absorption rate of lauric acid transport

[0156]

[0157] Table 7 Apparent permeability and absorption rate of myristic acid transport

[0158]

[0159] Table 8 Apparent permeability and absorption rate of palmitic acid transport

[0160]

[0161] Table 9 Apparent permeability and absorption rate of stearic acid transport

[0162]

[0163] Example 2: Effect of nutritional composition on apparent permeability and absorption rate of unsaturated fatty acid transport

[0164] 1. Experimental Methods

[0165] 1.1. Experimental Materials

[0166] Same as Example 1.

[0167] 1.2. Preparation of compositions containing fats and minerals

[0168] Same as Example 1.

[0169] 1.3. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion experiment

[0170] Same as Example 1.

[0171] 1.4. In vitro Caco-2 cell uptake experiment

[0172] Same as Example 1.

[0173] 1.4.1. Determination of fatty acid and mineral absorption ratios and apparent permeability coefficients for transport

[0174] Same as Example 1.

[0175] 2. Experimental Results

[0176] Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) are fatty acids containing one or more double bonds in their carbon chains. Compared to saturated fatty acids, the presence of double bonds in their carbon chains leads to differences in their chemical structure and physiological functions. Unsaturated fatty acids play important roles in maintaining cardiovascular health, brain and nervous system health, anti-inflammation, skin health, vision health, metabolic health, and antioxidant activity. Unsaturated fatty acids can be further classified based on the number and position of their double bonds, primarily including monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The most common MUFA is oleic acid, while common PUFAs include n-6 series polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid, ARA) and n-3 series polyunsaturated fatty acids (alpha-linolenic acid, EPA, DHA).

[0177] Unsaturated fatty acids are important nutrients, and their intestinal absorption efficiency affects the nutritional and health value of food. The CaCo-2 cell model can simulate the absorption function of small intestinal epithelial cells to study the transport process of unsaturated fatty acids. In this experiment, all nutrient compositions had the same total fat concentration. After digestion using an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model, equal volumes of digestive fluid were passed through a CaCo-2 cell in vitro absorption model. The apparent permeability coefficient and absorption rate of unsaturated fatty acids transported to the lower chamber are shown in Tables 10 to 15.

[0178] The results showed that, compared with Comparative Example 1, the apparent permeability coefficients and absorption rates of each unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid, linoleic acid, ARA, α-linolenic acid, EPA, DHA) in Reference Examples 1, 2, and 3 were all increased (P<0.05), suggesting that the addition of MFGM can enhance the absorption of unsaturated fatty acids. Reference Examples 4, 5, and 6 increased the 2'-FL content based on Comparative Example 1. The results showed that, compared with Comparative Example 1, the apparent permeability coefficients and absorption rates of each unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid, linoleic acid, ARA, α-linolenic acid, EPA, DHA) in Reference Examples 4, 5, and 6 were all increased (P<0.05), suggesting that 2'-FL has a significant effect on promoting the absorption of unsaturated fatty acids. Based on the reference example, Experiments 1 to 6 added OPO, MFGM, and 2'-FL together. The results showed that simultaneously enhancing the content of OPO, MFGM, and 2'-FL could further increase the apparent permeability coefficient and absorption rate of unsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.05), suggesting that the nutritional composition with OPO, MFGM, and 2'-FL added together can promote the increase of cellular unsaturated fatty acid absorption.

[0179] Specifically, as shown in Table 10, comparing Reference Example 1, Reference Example 4, and Experimental Example 1, the increase in the apparent permeability coefficient of oleic acid in Experimental Example 1 (0.9 × 10⁻⁶) compared to Comparative Example 1 is illustrated. -6 () is greater than the sum of Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 4 (0.5 × 10) -6 +0.2×10 -6 ); Compared to the increase in oleic acid transport and absorption rate in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 1 (17) was greater than the sum of Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 4 (9.4 + 4.5). As shown in Table 11, comparing Reference Example 1, Reference Example 5 and Experimental Example 2, compared to the increase in the apparent permeability coefficient of linoleic acid in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 2 (0.82 × 10⁻⁶) was greater (9.4 + 4.5). -5 () is greater than the sum of Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 5 (0.32 × 10) -5 +0.32×10 -5 Compared to the increase in linoleic acid transport and absorption rate in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 2 (21.6) was greater than the sum of Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 5 (9.7 + 7.8). As shown in Table 12, comparing Reference Example 1, Reference Example 6, and Experimental Example 3, compared to the increase in the apparent permeability coefficient of ARA in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 3 (0.86 × 10⁻⁶) was significantly larger (21.6%). -5 () is greater than the sum of Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 6 (0.26 × 10) -5 +0.26×10 -5Compared to the increase in ARA transport and absorption rate in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 3 (32.5) was greater than the sum of Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 6 (6.7 + 8.2). As shown in Table 13, comparing Reference Example 3, Reference Example 4, and Experimental Example 4, compared to the increase in the apparent permeability coefficient of α-linolenic acid in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 4 (0.77 × 10⁻⁶) was significantly larger. -5 () is greater than the sum of Reference Example 3 and Reference Example 4 (0.57 × 10) -5 +0.15×10 -5 Compared to the increase in α-linolenic acid transport and absorption rate in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 4 (27.9) was greater than the sum of Reference Example 3 and Reference Example 4 (18.8 + 5.3). As shown in Table 14, comparing Reference Example 3, Reference Example 5, and Experimental Example 5, compared to the increase in EPA apparent permeability coefficient in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 5 (0.86 × 10⁻⁶) was significantly larger. -5 () is greater than the sum of Reference Example 3 and Reference Example 5 (0.56 × 10) -5 +0.25×10 -5 ); Compared to the increase in EPA translocation and absorption rate in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 5 (33) was greater than the sum of Reference Example 3 and Reference Example 5 (16.7 + 3.6). As shown in Table 15, comparing Reference Example 3, Reference Example 6 and Experimental Example 6, compared to the increase in DHA apparent permeability coefficient in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 6 (1.18 × 10⁻⁶) was greater. -5 () is greater than the sum of Reference Example 3 and Reference Example 6 (0.58 × 10) -5 +0.38×10 -5 Compared to the increase in DHA transport and absorption rate in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 6 (27.6) was greater than the sum of Reference Example 3 and Reference Example 6 (13.9 + 8.6).

[0180] The above results indicate a synergistic effect among OPO, MFGM, and 2'-FL, which can promote increased cellular uptake of unsaturated fatty acids.

[0181] Table 10 Apparent permeability and absorption rate of oleic acid transport

[0182]

[0183] Table 11 Apparent permeability and absorption rate of linoleic acid transport

[0184]

[0185] Table 12 Apparent permeability and absorption rate of ARA transport

[0186]

[0187] Table 13 Apparent permeability and absorption rate of α-linolenic acid transport

[0188]

[0189] Table 14 Apparent Permeability and Absorption Rate of EPA Translocation

[0190]

[0191] Table 15 Apparent permeability and absorption rate of DHA transport

[0192]

[0193] Example 3: Effect of nutritional composition on apparent permeability and absorption rate of mineral transport

[0194] 1. Experimental Methods

[0195] 1.1. Experimental Materials

[0196] Same as Example 1.

[0197] 1.2. Preparation of compositions containing fats and minerals

[0198] Same as Example 1.

[0199] 1.3. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion experiment

[0200] Same as Example 1.

[0201] 1.4. In vitro Caco-2 cell uptake experiment

[0202] Same as Example 1.

[0203] 1.4.1. Determination of fatty acid and mineral absorption ratios and apparent permeability coefficients for transport

[0204] Same as Example 1.

[0205] 2. Experimental Results

[0206] The mineral concentrations of each nutrient composition were the same. After digestion in an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model, equal amounts of digestive fluid were taken and absorbed in an in vitro Caco-2 cell absorption model. The apparent permeability coefficients and absorption rates of calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc transported to the lower chamber are shown in Tables 16 to 19.

[0207] The results showed that, compared with Comparative Example 1, the apparent permeability coefficients and absorption rates of each mineral in Reference Examples 1, 2, and 3 were all increased (P<0.05), suggesting that adding MFGM can enhance mineral absorption. Reference Examples 4, 5, and 6, based on Comparative Example 1, increased the content of 2'-FL. The results showed that, compared with Comparative Example 1, the apparent permeability coefficients and absorption rates of each mineral in Reference Examples 4, 5, and 6 were all increased (P<0.05), suggesting that 2'-FL has a significant effect on promoting mineral absorption. Based on the reference examples, Experiments 1 to 6 added a combination of OPO, MFGM, and 2'-FL. The results showed that simultaneously enhancing the content of OPO, MFGM, and 2'-FL further increased the apparent permeability coefficients and absorption rates of minerals (P<0.05), suggesting that the nutritional composition with the combined addition of OPO, MFGM, and 2'-FL can promote increased cellular mineral absorption.

[0208] Specifically, as shown in Table 16, comparing Reference Example 1, Reference Example 6, and Experimental Example 3, the increase in apparent calcium permeability coefficient in Experimental Example 3 (0.94 × 10⁻⁶) compared to Comparative Example 1 was [not specified]. -4 () is greater than the sum of Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 6 (0.34 × 10) -4 +0.34×10 -4 Compared to the increase in calcium transport and absorption rate in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 3 (32.1) was greater than the sum of Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 6 (11.4 + 12.6). As shown in Table 17, comparing Reference Example 3, Reference Example 4, and Experimental Example 4, compared to the increase in magnesium apparent permeability in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 4 (0.6 × 10⁻⁶) was significantly larger (32.1%). -5 () is greater than the sum of Reference Example 3 and Reference Example 4 (0.4 × 10) -5 +0.04×10 -5 Compared to the increase in magnesium translocation and absorption rate in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 4 (7.2) is greater than the sum of Reference Example 3 and Reference Example 4 (4.3 + 0.3). As shown in Table 18, comparing Reference Example 3, Reference Example 5 and Experimental Example 5, compared to the increase in the apparent iron permeability coefficient in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 5 (1.8 × 10⁻⁶) is greater. -4 () is greater than the sum of Reference Example 3 and Reference Example 5 (1.1 × 10) -4 +0.5×10 -4 Compared to the increase in iron translocation and absorption rate in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 5 (37.7) is greater than the sum of Reference Example 3 and Reference Example 5 (21.2 + 8). As shown in Table 19, comparing Reference Example 3, Reference Example 6, and Experimental Example 6, compared to the increase in zinc apparent permeability coefficient in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 6 (1.6 × 10⁻⁶) is significantly larger. -5 () is greater than the sum of Reference Example 3 and Reference Example 6 (0.7 × 10) -5 +0.4×10-5 ); Compared to the increase in zinc transport absorption rate in Comparative Example 1, Experimental Example 6 (19.5) was greater than the sum of Reference Example 3 and Reference Example 6 (9+4.9).

[0209] The above results indicate a synergistic effect among OPO, MFGM, and 2'-FL, which can promote increased mineral uptake by cells.

[0210] Table 16 Apparent permeability and absorption rate of calcium transport

[0211]

[0212] Table 17 Apparent permeability and absorption rate of magnesium transport

[0213]

[0214] Table 18 Apparent Permeability Coefficient and Absorption Rate of Iron Transshipment

[0215]

[0216] Table 19 Apparent Permeability Coefficient and Absorption Rate of Zinc Translocation

[0217]

Claims

1. A nutritional composition, characterized in that, It is a nutritional composition that helps promote the absorption of fatty acids and minerals, and the nutritional composition contains the essential active ingredients shown in (I) and (II) below: (I) 1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol; (II) Milk fat globule membrane, and / or, 2'-fucosylated lactose; Furthermore, in the nutritional composition, the mass ratio of the essential active ingredient shown in (I) to the essential active ingredient shown in (II) is (5-10):(0.5-10).

2. The nutritional composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the nutritional composition, if present, the mass ratio of the 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol triglyceride, the milk fat globule membrane, and the 2'-fucosylated lactose is (5-10):(0.5-5):(0.5-5).

3. The nutritional composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The milk fat globule membrane is derived from animal milk.

4. Use of the nutritional composition according to any one of claims 1-3 in the preparation of products that help promote the absorption of fatty acids and minerals.

5. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fatty acids include saturated fatty acids, which include at least one of butyric acid, hexanoic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid.

6. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fatty acids include unsaturated fatty acids, which include at least one of oleic acid, linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid.

7. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that, The minerals include at least one of calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc.

8. The use according to any one of claims 4-7, characterized in that, The products include food, which is selected from infant food, children's food, adolescent food, pregnant and postpartum food, adult food, and food for the middle-aged and elderly.

9. The use according to any one of claims 4-7, characterized in that, The product contains any one or more of the following ingredients: plant-based ingredients, animal dairy ingredients, animal meat ingredients, functional additives, and any acceptable excipients.

10. The use according to any one of claims 4-7, characterized in that, In the product, based on the total dry matter content of the product, if present, the content of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol is 0.5%-30%, the content of milk fat globule membrane is 0.5%-10%, and the content of 2'-fucosylated lactose is 0.1%-4%.

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