Aerogel-containing laminated glass

Abstract

The invention discloses laminated glass containing aerogel, and belongs to the technical field of aerogel. The laminated glass comprises an upper glass plate, a functional middle layer and a lower glass plate which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom; the functional middle layer is an aerogel polymer composite material sheet, and the sheet is an integrated flexible film formed by uniformly dispersing transparent aerogel particles and modified fibers in a transparent polymer matrix through a curing or thermal forming process. According to the aerogel-containing laminated glass disclosed by the invention, the comprehensive performance of the laminated glass is remarkably improved by introducing the modified fiber with a specific structure into the aerogel composite material sheet.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aerogel technology, specifically, it relates to a laminated glass containing aerogel. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, laminated glass is widely used in buildings, automobiles, and solar collectors due to its safety, sound insulation, and heat insulation properties. Traditional laminated glass often uses polymer materials such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) as the interlayer. Although these materials have good adhesion and light transmission, their heat insulation performance is limited, and they also have problems such as flammability and insufficient mechanical strength.

[0003] To improve thermal insulation performance, existing technologies attempt to introduce aerogel particles as functional fillers into the polymer interlayer, utilizing the extremely low thermal conductivity of aerogel to enhance the glass's insulation effect. However, this simple physical blending method has significant drawbacks: on the one hand, high amounts of aerogel can increase the brittleness of the interlayer and lead to poor interfacial compatibility, severely affecting the impact resistance and mechanical strength of the laminated glass; on the other hand, the polymer matrix itself is flammable, and while adding large amounts of inorganic fillers can improve flame retardancy to some extent, it often comes at the cost of light transmittance and cannot effectively solve the problems of melting and dripping at high temperatures and continued combustion. Furthermore, if ordinary glass fibers are introduced to enhance mechanical properties, they are prone to delamination due to the weak interfacial bonding between the fibers and the matrix, and the fibers are also prone to moisture absorption and aging, making long-term reliability difficult to guarantee.

[0004] Therefore, developing a laminated glass interlayer material that simultaneously possesses high light transmittance, high strength and toughness, and high flame retardancy has become a pressing technical challenge in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a laminated glass containing aerogel.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A laminated glass containing aerogel includes an upper glass plate, a functional intermediate layer, and a lower glass plate stacked sequentially from top to bottom; the functional intermediate layer is an aerogel polymer composite sheet, wherein the sheet is composed of transparent aerogel particles and modified fibers uniformly dispersed in a transparent polymer matrix, and is formed into an integrated flexible film by curing or thermoforming processes.

[0007] Ideally, the transparent aerogel particles are silica aerogel particles with hydrophobic surface modification.

[0008] More preferably, the transparent polymer matrix includes one or more of polyvinyl butyral, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, thermoplastic polyurethane, saturated polyester, and ionic polymers.

[0009] In a more optimized manner, the aerogel composite sheet comprises the following components: 50%-90% transparent aerogel particles, 1%-20% modified fibers, and the balance being a transparent polymer matrix, by weight percentage.

[0010] In a more optimized manner, the preparation process of the modified fiber is as follows: S1: Under a protective atmosphere, diphenylphosphine oxide and polysilazane were dissolved in xylene, the temperature was raised to 80°C, and after stirring to dissolve, azobisisobutyronitrile dissolved in xylene was slowly added, and the reaction was continued for 10-12 hours. After the reaction was completed, the unreacted solid was removed by filtration, and the solvent was removed by vacuum distillation using a rotary evaporator to obtain modified polysilazane. S2: Add glass fiber to acetone and stir for 30-40 minutes to obtain a glass fiber suspension; add modified polysilazane to acetone and stir evenly to obtain a modified polysilazane solution; slowly add the modified polysilazane dropwise to the glass fiber suspension. After the addition is complete, allow the reaction to proceed. After the reaction is complete, cool to room temperature, filter, wash with acetone, and dry to obtain the modified fiber.

[0011] In a more optimized manner, the raw materials for preparing the modified polysilazane include the following components: by weight, 10-12 parts of diphenylphosphine oxide, 80-100 parts of polysilazane, 200-300 parts of xylene, and 1-2 parts of azobisisobutyronitrile.

[0012] In a more optimized manner, the raw materials for preparing the modified fiber include the following components: by weight, 10-12 parts glass fiber, 40-50 parts acetone, and 5-6 parts modified polysilazane.

[0013] In a more optimized manner, in step S2, the process parameters for the reaction are: temperature 60-70℃ and time 10-12h.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The aerogel-containing laminated glass of the present invention significantly improves the overall performance of the laminated glass by introducing modified fibers with a specific structure into the aerogel composite material sheet. Specifically: Firstly, the polysilazane molecules grafted onto the modified fiber surface incorporate diphenylphosphine oxide structural units, which decompose at high temperatures to generate phosphorus-based free radicals. These free radicals then combine with the nitrogen-based inert gases produced during the decomposition of the polysilazane to create a phosphorus-nitrogen synergistic flame-retardant effect. This system effectively inhibits the combustion reaction of the polymer matrix through a dual mechanism of gas-phase free radical capture and solid-phase char formation, significantly improving the fire safety of laminated glass.

[0015] Secondly, the polysilazane-modified layer forms reactive silicon-nitrogen bonds and silanol groups on the fiber surface. These groups can form strong hydrogen bonds or chemical bonds with the polar functional groups in the transparent polymer matrix (such as PVB, EVA, etc.), greatly improving the interfacial compatibility between the fiber and the matrix. This enhanced interfacial bonding not only avoids interfacial delamination caused by stress concentration, but also significantly improves the tensile strength and impact resistance of the composite sheet.

[0016] Thirdly, the polysilazane coating on the fiber surface effectively prevents direct contact between moisture and the glass fiber itself, overcoming the defect of traditional glass fibers that are prone to performance degradation due to water absorption. At the same time, this modified layer retains the original light transmission characteristics of the fiber, avoiding the problem of decreased light transmittance of laminated glass caused by the addition of flame retardants or reinforcing phases. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Example 1: An aerogel-containing laminated glass comprises an upper glass plate, a functional intermediate layer, and a lower glass plate stacked sequentially from top to bottom; the functional intermediate layer is an aerogel polymer composite sheet, wherein the sheet is composed of transparent aerogel particles and modified fibers as functional fillers, uniformly dispersed in a transparent polymer matrix (thermoplastic polyurethane), and cured to form an integrated flexible film; the aerogel composite sheet comprises the following components: by weight percentage, 50% transparent aerogel particles, 1% modified fibers, and the remainder being a transparent polymer matrix; The preparation process of the modified fiber is as follows: S1: Under a protective atmosphere, 10 parts of diphenylphosphine oxide and 80 parts of polysilazane were dissolved in 150 parts of xylene. The temperature was raised to 80°C, and after stirring to dissolve, 1 part of azobisisobutyronitrile dissolved in 50 parts of xylene was slowly added. The reaction was continued for 10 hours. After the reaction was completed, the unreacted solid was removed by filtration, and the solvent was removed by vacuum distillation using a rotary evaporator to obtain modified polysilazane. S2: Add 10 parts of glass fiber to 20 parts of acetone and stir for 30 minutes to obtain a glass fiber suspension; add 5 parts of modified polysilazane to 20 parts of acetone and stir evenly to obtain a modified polysilazane solution; slowly add the modified polysilazane dropwise to the glass fiber suspension. After the addition is complete, react at 60°C for 10 hours. After the reaction is complete, cool to room temperature, filter, wash with acetone, and dry to obtain modified fiber.

[0019] Example 2: An aerogel-containing laminated glass comprises an upper glass plate, a functional intermediate layer, and a lower glass plate stacked sequentially from top to bottom; the functional intermediate layer is an aerogel polymer composite sheet, wherein the sheet is composed of transparent aerogel particles and modified fibers as functional fillers, uniformly dispersed in a transparent polymer matrix (thermoplastic polyurethane), and cured to form an integrated flexible film; the aerogel composite sheet comprises the following components: by weight percentage, 90% transparent aerogel particles, 20% modified fibers, and the remainder being a transparent polymer matrix; The preparation process of the modified fiber is as follows: S1: Under a protective atmosphere, 12 parts of diphenylphosphine oxide and 100 parts of polysilazane were dissolved in 200 parts of xylene. The temperature was raised to 80°C, and after stirring to dissolve, 2 parts of azobisisobutyronitrile dissolved in 100 parts of xylene were slowly added. The reaction was continued for 12 hours. After the reaction was completed, the unreacted solid was removed by filtration, and the solvent was removed by vacuum distillation using a rotary evaporator to obtain modified polysilazane. S2: Add 12 parts of glass fiber to 25 parts of acetone and stir for 40 min to obtain a glass fiber suspension; add 6 parts of modified polysilazane to 25 parts of acetone and stir evenly to obtain a modified polysilazane solution; slowly add the modified polysilazane dropwise to the glass fiber suspension. After the addition is complete, react at 70℃ for 12 h. After the reaction is complete, cool to room temperature, filter, wash with acetone, and dry to obtain modified fiber.

[0020] Example 3: An aerogel-containing laminated glass comprises an upper glass plate, a functional intermediate layer, and a lower glass plate stacked sequentially from top to bottom; the functional intermediate layer is an aerogel polymer composite sheet, wherein the sheet is composed of transparent aerogel particles and modified fibers as functional fillers, uniformly dispersed in a transparent polymer matrix (thermoplastic polyurethane), and cured to form an integrated flexible film; the aerogel composite sheet comprises the following components: by weight percentage, 70% transparent aerogel particles, 10% modified fibers, and the remainder being a transparent polymer matrix; The preparation process of the modified fiber is as follows: S1: Under a protective atmosphere, 11 parts of diphenylphosphine oxide and 90 parts of polysilazane were dissolved in 175 parts of xylene. The temperature was raised to 80°C, and after stirring to dissolve, 1.5 parts of azobisisobutyronitrile dissolved in 75 parts of xylene were slowly added. The reaction was continued for 11 hours. After the reaction was completed, the unreacted solid was removed by filtration, and the solvent was removed by vacuum distillation using a rotary evaporator to obtain modified polysilazane. S2: Add 11 parts of glass fiber to 22.5 parts of acetone and stir for 35 min to obtain a glass fiber suspension; add 5.5 parts of modified polysilazane to 22.5 parts of acetone and stir evenly to obtain a modified polysilazane solution; slowly add the modified polysilazane dropwise to the glass fiber suspension. After the addition is complete, react at 65℃ for 11 h. After the reaction is complete, cool to room temperature, filter, wash with acetone, and dry to obtain modified fiber.

[0021] Comparative Example 1: No modified fibers were added, as detailed below: A laminated glass containing aerogel includes an upper glass plate, a functional intermediate layer, and a lower glass plate stacked sequentially from top to bottom; the functional intermediate layer is an aerogel polymer composite sheet, wherein the sheet is composed of transparent aerogel particles as functional fillers, uniformly dispersed in a transparent polymer matrix (thermoplastic polyurethane), and cured to form an integrated flexible film; the aerogel composite sheet comprises the following components: by weight percentage, 70% transparent aerogel particles, and the remainder being a transparent polymer matrix.

[0022] Comparative Example 2: No modification was made to the glass fiber, as follows: A laminated glass containing aerogel comprises an upper glass plate, a functional intermediate layer, and a lower glass plate stacked sequentially from top to bottom; the functional intermediate layer is an aerogel polymer composite sheet, wherein the sheet is composed of transparent aerogel particles and glass fibers as functional fillers, uniformly dispersed in a transparent polymer matrix (thermoplastic polyurethane), and cured to form an integrated flexible film; the aerogel composite sheet comprises the following components: by weight percentage, 70% transparent aerogel particles, 10% glass fibers, and the balance being a transparent polymer matrix.

[0023] Testing experiment: (1) Use a spectrophotometer to determine the visible light transmittance of the sample in the wavelength range of 380–780 nm; (2) A steel ball with a mass of 1040g ± 10g was dropped freely from different heights to impact the center of the sample. The sample was observed to see if it was damaged. The maximum impact height (in meters) from which the sample was not damaged after impact was recorded. (3) The test was conducted in accordance with the national standard GB / T 12513 using a large-scale fire resistance test furnace. One side of the sample was subjected to flame burning according to the standard time-temperature curve, while the other side (the unexposed side) was monitored for its condition. The fire resistance limit refers to the time elapsed from the start of exposure to fire until the sample lost its integrity (the unexposed side showed penetrating cracks or flames). The obtained data is shown in the table below: project Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Visible light transmittance (%) 88.5 85.2 88.9 90.3 86.8 Impact resistance (m) 4.2 4.5 4.6 1.2 2.5 Fire resistance limit (min) ＞60 ＞60 ＞60 22 35 Conclusion: Comparing the performance data of the embodiments and comparative examples, it is evident that the aerogel-containing laminated glass of the present invention significantly improves impact resistance and fire resistance while maintaining a high visible light transmittance (above 85%). The impact height of Examples 1 to 3 all exceed 4.2 meters, and the fire resistance limit is greater than 60 minutes, far superior to Comparative Example 1 (impact resistance 1.2 meters, fire resistance 22 minutes) without modified fibers and Comparative Example 2 (impact resistance 2.5 meters, fire resistance 35 minutes) using unmodified glass fibers. This indicates that by introducing modified fibers with a specific structure, not only are the mechanical strength and impact resistance of the laminated glass effectively enhanced, but its fire safety is also significantly improved, achieving synergistic optimization of light transmittance, mechanical properties, and flame retardant properties.

[0024] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0025] The above description is merely an example and illustration of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described, or use similar methods to replace them, as long as they do not deviate from the invention or exceed the scope defined in the claims, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laminated glass containing aerogel, characterized in that, It includes an upper glass plate, a functional intermediate layer, and a lower glass plate stacked sequentially from top to bottom; the functional intermediate layer is an aerogel polymer composite material sheet, which is composed of transparent aerogel particles and modified fibers uniformly dispersed in a transparent polymer matrix, and formed into an integrated flexible film through curing or thermoforming processes.

2. The aerogel-containing laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent aerogel particles are silica aerogel particles with hydrophobic surface modification.

3. The aerogel-containing laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent polymer matrix includes one or more of polyvinyl butyral, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, thermoplastic polyurethane, saturated polyester, and ionic polymers.

4. The aerogel-containing laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aerogel composite sheet comprises the following components: by weight percentage, 50%-90% transparent aerogel particles, 1%-20% modified fibers, and the balance being a transparent polymer matrix.

5. The aerogel-containing laminated glass according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preparation process of the modified fiber is as follows: S1: Under a protective atmosphere, diphenylphosphine oxide and polysilazane were dissolved in xylene, the temperature was raised to 80°C, and after stirring to dissolve, azobisisobutyronitrile dissolved in xylene was slowly added, and the reaction was continued for 10-12 hours. After the reaction was completed, the unreacted solid was removed by filtration, and the solvent was removed by vacuum distillation using a rotary evaporator to obtain modified polysilazane. S2: Add glass fiber to acetone and stir for 30-40 minutes to obtain a glass fiber suspension; add modified polysilazane to acetone and stir evenly to obtain a modified polysilazane solution; slowly add the modified polysilazane dropwise to the glass fiber suspension. After the addition is complete, allow the reaction to proceed. After the reaction is complete, cool to room temperature, filter, wash with acetone, and dry to obtain the modified fiber.

6. The aerogel-containing laminated glass according to claim 5, characterized in that, The raw materials for preparing the modified polysilazane include the following components: by weight, 10-12 parts diphenylphosphine oxide, 80-100 parts polysilazane, 200-300 parts xylene, and 1-2 parts azobisisobutyronitrile.

7. The aerogel-containing laminated glass according to claim 5, characterized in that, The raw materials for preparing the modified fiber include the following components: by weight, 10-12 parts glass fiber, 40-50 parts acetone, and 5-6 parts modified polysilazane.

8. The aerogel-containing laminated glass according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S2, the process parameters for the reaction are: temperature 60-70℃ and time 10-12h.