Anti-seismic and anti-dislocation primary supporting structure of tunnel crossing active fault

Abstract

The invention discloses an active fault crossing tunnel anti-seismic and anti-dislocation primary supporting structure, and relates to the technical field of tunnel seismic resistance, the active fault crossing tunnel anti-seismic and anti-dislocation primary supporting structure comprises a supporting assembly, the supporting assembly comprises a primary supporting body and a secondary lining, a buffer layer is arranged between the primary supporting body and the secondary lining, and the primary supporting body and the secondary lining are connected through an inverted arch; according to the buffering assembly arranged on the outer wall of the secondary lining, the primary support body deforms under the strong action, pushes an arc-shaped plate and a sliding block to slide in a sliding groove and extrudes a telescopic spring, the spring converts part of impact energy into elastic potential energy to be stored, deformation of the primary support body is hindered and buffered, direct impact of the primary support body on the secondary lining is relieved, and a primary safety barrier is provided; the primary support body greatly deforms, the arc-shaped plates are pressed to be reduced to the lowest state, the inclined faces of the side faces of the adjacent arc-shaped plates abut against each other to form a tight meshing structure, a firm whole is spliced, a high-strength and high-stability fixing protection layer is formed, follow-up impact force is dispersed and absorbed firstly, then small impact force is transmitted to the second lining, and the second lining is further protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel seismic resistance technology, and in particular to a seismic and fault-resistant initial support structure for tunnels spanning active faults. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnels crossing active faults are highly susceptible to disasters such as fractures due to their unique geographical and geological environment. Under the influence of seismic fault movements, the safety and stability of the tunnel structure face severe challenges. Therefore, it is necessary to design a specialized seismic and fault-resistant initial support structure for tunnels crossing active faults.

[0003] The core design concept of this structure lies in achieving the safety and stability of the tunnel structure under seismic displacement through the synergistic effect of multi-layered buffering, displacement monitoring, and dynamic support. Specifically, it typically encompasses key components such as the primary lining, the damping layer, and the secondary lining. These components do not exist in isolation but rather cooperate and work together to resist the damage to the tunnel structure caused by seismic displacement.

[0004] In practical applications, this initial support structure can effectively reduce the risk of sudden failure of the tunnel lining structure due to excessive stress. When an earthquake causes fault displacement, increasing the load on the tunnel arch, it can reduce the impact of this adverse effect on the tunnel structure. At the same time, this structure can also reduce the stress in the arch through horizontal displacement at the connection points, thereby significantly increasing the safety of the tunnel structure during fault displacement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the risk of sudden failure of tunnel lining structures due to excessive stress in practical applications. When an earthquake causes fault displacement, increasing the load on the tunnel arch, it can reduce the impact of this adverse effect on the tunnel structure. Simultaneously, this structure can reduce the stress in the arch through horizontal displacement at the connection points, thereby significantly improving the safety of the tunnel structure during fault displacement. Therefore, this invention proposes a seismic and fault-resistant initial support structure for tunnels spanning active faults.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technology: a seismic and fault-resistant primary support structure for tunnels crossing active faults, comprising a support assembly, the support assembly comprising a primary support body and a secondary lining, wherein a buffer layer is provided between the primary support body and the secondary lining, and the primary support body and the secondary lining are connected by an inverted arch, and further comprising: a buffer assembly disposed on the outer wall of the secondary lining.

[0007] The buffer assembly includes a fixing frame fixed to the outer wall of the secondary lining. The fixing frame has a sliding groove inside, and a sliding block is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sliding groove. The top of the sliding block is connected to an arc-shaped plate that contacts the primary support body, and a telescopic spring is connected between the bottom of the arc-shaped plate and the inner wall of the sliding groove.

[0008] When the initial support body deforms due to vibration, it abuts against the arc-shaped plate, causing the sliding block at the bottom of the arc-shaped plate to slide in the sliding groove and compress the telescopic spring.

[0009] As a further description of the seismic and fault-resistant initial support structure for tunnels crossing active faults described above:

[0010] The curved plate has inclined surfaces on both sides, and adjacent inclined surfaces abut against each other.

[0011] As a further description of the seismic and fault-resistant initial support structure for tunnels crossing active faults described above:

[0012] The outer wall of the fixed frame is provided with a limiting component, which includes a connecting frame fixed to the outer wall of the fixed frame, and the connecting frame has an inner groove and a moving groove inside, and the inner groove and the moving groove are connected.

[0013] As a further description of the seismic and fault-resistant initial support structure for tunnels crossing active faults described above:

[0014] The fixed frame has an clearance groove inside, and the sliding block has an embedded groove inside.

[0015] As a further description of the seismic and fault-resistant initial support structure for tunnels crossing active faults described above:

[0016] The inner wall of the inner groove and the moving groove is slidably connected to a moving block, and the moving block is in contact with the clearance groove and the embedded groove.

[0017] As a further description of the seismic and fault-resistant initial support structure for tunnels crossing active faults described above:

[0018] The movable block is trapezoidal in shape, and a spring plate is connected between the trapezoidal step and the inner wall of the inner groove.

[0019] As a further description of the seismic and fault-resistant initial support structure for tunnels crossing active faults described above:

[0020] The inner wall of the arc-shaped plate is fixed with a pressure rod, and the pressure rod has inclined surfaces on both sides.

[0021] As a further description of the seismic and fault-resistant initial support structure for tunnels crossing active faults described above:

[0022] The ends of the two movable blocks are in contact with the lower pressure rod, and the position where the movable blocks contact the lower pressure rod is also provided with an inclined surface, so that the movable blocks and the lower pressure rod are in close contact.

[0023] In summary, due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technology in the seismic and fault-resistant initial support structure for tunnels spanning active faults, the beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0024] Through the set buffer and limiting components, the primary support body is strongly deformed, pushing the arc plate. The sliding block slides in the sliding groove and squeezes the telescopic spring. The spring converts part of the impact energy into elastic potential energy for storage, hindering and buffering the deformation of the primary support body, reducing its direct impact on the secondary lining, and providing a preliminary safety barrier.

[0025] Strengthen protection when the earthquake is severe: the primary support body deforms significantly, the arc plate is compressed and drops to the lowest state, the inclined surfaces of adjacent arc plates abut against each other to form a tight interlocking structure, splicing into a solid whole, forming a high-strength and high-stability fixed protective layer, first dispersing and absorbing the subsequent impact force, and then transmitting the smaller impact force to the secondary lining, further protecting the secondary lining.

[0026] The key protective mechanisms work together: the deformation of the initial support body pushes the pressure rod downward; when the arc plate approaches its lowest state, the pressure rod pushes the moving block to slide, squeezing the spring plate for cushioning; the moving block is finally embedded in the inner groove, locking the sliding block and restricting its movement.

[0027] Dual protection effectiveness: When multiple arc-shaped plates descend to their lowest state, a dual protection mechanism is formed. Adjacent arc-shaped plates fit tightly together to form a fixed protective layer that disperses and bears part of the impact force. The moving block restricts the fixed sliding block to enhance structural stability and reduce structural swaying and deformation. The dual protection works together to greatly improve the protection capability of the secondary lining, effectively reduce earthquake damage to the secondary lining, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the tunnel in extreme earthquakes and complex geological environments. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 An overall schematic diagram according to the present invention is shown;

[0029] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates another overall perspective of the invention.

[0030] Figure 3 Another schematic diagram of the state according to the present invention is shown;

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the buffer component structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0032] Figure 5 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the fixing frame according to the present invention is shown;

[0033] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the arc-shaped plate structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0034] Figure 7 The present invention is shown Figure 6 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0035] Figure 8 The present invention is shown Figure 6 A magnified view of a portion of point B in the middle.

[0036] Legend:

[0037] 10. Support components; 11. Primary support body; 12. Buffer layer; 13. Secondary lining; 14. Invert arch;

[0038] 20. Buffer assembly; 21. Fixing frame; 211. Sliding groove; 22. Sliding block; 23. Arc plate; 231. Inclined surface; 24. Telescopic spring;

[0039] 30. Limiting component; 31. Connecting bracket; 311. Inner groove; 312. Moving groove; 32. Moving block; 33. Spring plate; 34. Clearance groove; 35. Embedded groove; 36. Downward pressure rod; 37. Inclined surface. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The following will describe, with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, a seismic and fault-resistant initial support structure for tunnels spanning active faults according to the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] like Figures 1-8 As shown, the present invention provides: a support assembly 10, which includes a primary support body 11 and a secondary lining 13. The primary support body 11 refers to the combined support formed by system anchors and shotcrete, and the inner wall of the primary support body 11 is provided with a waterproof layer. A buffer layer 12 is provided between the primary support body 11 and the secondary lining 13, and an invert arch 14 is connected between the inner wall of the primary support body 11 and the secondary lining 13. It also includes a buffer assembly 20 provided on the outer wall of the secondary lining 13.

[0042] During the earthquake, the propagation of seismic waves caused the surrounding rock and soil to vibrate and shift violently, which in turn generated strong external pressure on the tunnel's initial support body 11. Under the continuous and uneven pressure of the external rock and soil, the initial support body 11 inevitably deformed.

[0043] At this time, the buffer layer 12 set between the primary support body 11 and the secondary lining 13 plays a crucial buffering role. When the primary support body 11 deforms, it will squeeze the buffer layer 12. The buffer layer 12, with its own elastic deformation characteristics, can disperse and absorb part of the impact force transmitted from the primary support body 11. Specifically, the buffer layer 12 will undergo complex deformations such as compression and shearing during the stress process. Through these deformations, the energy is gradually dissipated, thereby greatly slowing down the transmission speed and intensity of the impact force to the secondary lining 13.

[0044] As the final support structure of the tunnel, the secondary lining 13 bears the important task of ensuring the long-term stability and safe operation of the tunnel. Since the buffer layer 12 effectively reduces the impact of the deformation of the primary support body 11 on the secondary lining 13, the load borne by the secondary lining 13 is greatly reduced, avoiding cracking, spalling and other damage caused by excessive instantaneous impact force. Thus, the safety of the secondary lining 13 is effectively protected, ensuring the overall stability of the tunnel under seismic action.

[0045] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the buffer assembly 20 includes a fixing frame 21 fixed to the outer wall of the secondary lining 13. The fixing frame 21 has a sliding groove 211 inside, and a sliding block 22 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sliding groove 211. The top of the sliding block 22 is connected to an arc plate 23 that contacts the primary support body 11. A telescopic spring 24 is connected between the bottom of the arc plate 23 and the inner wall of the sliding groove 211. Inclined surfaces 231 are provided on both sides of the arc plate 23, and adjacent inclined surfaces 231 abut against each other.

[0046] In the complex mechanical environment of an earthquake in a tunnel, the primary support 11 is the first to be subjected to the strong effects of seismic waves, resulting in seismic deformation. When this deformation occurs, the primary support 11 comes into contact with the arc-shaped plate 23 and applies a resisting force. After being resisted by the primary support 11, the sliding block 22 connected to its bottom begins to function. The sliding block 22 is embedded in a carefully designed sliding groove 211 on the fixed frame 21. Under the push of the resisting force, the sliding block 22 will slide smoothly along the predetermined trajectory of the sliding groove 211.

[0047] During the sliding process, the sliding block 22 compresses the telescopic spring 24 located in the sliding groove 211. The telescopic spring 24 has good elastic properties and acts like an energy buffer. When compressed, it undergoes elastic deformation, converting part of the impact energy transmitted from the primary support body 11 into its own elastic potential energy for storage. As the telescopic spring 24 is continuously compressed, its elastic reaction force gradually increases, thereby hindering and buffering the deformation of the primary support body 11 and effectively reducing the direct impact of the primary support body 11 on the secondary lining 13, providing a preliminary safety barrier for the secondary lining 13.

[0048] However, the destructive force of earthquakes is often uncertain. When the earthquake is extremely severe, the initial support body 11 will undergo significant overall deformation. At this time, the resistance force of the initial support body 11 on the arc plate 23 will also increase significantly. Under the action of the strong resistance force, the sliding block 22 at the bottom of the arc plate 23 continues to slide in the sliding groove 211, while continuously compressing the telescopic spring 24. Due to the excessive resistance force, the telescopic spring 24 is compressed to near its limit. Under the combined action of its own weight and the resistance force, the arc plate 23 is compressed and descends until it comes into close contact with the fixed frame 21.

[0049] When the curved plate 23 descends to its lowest state, a key protective mechanism is triggered, and the inclined surfaces 231 of the adjacent curved plates 23 abut against each other, as shown in the image. Figure 3 As shown, these inclined surfaces 231 are carefully designed and optimized. Their contact is not a simple contact, but forms a tight interlocking structure. After the numerous curved plates 23 abut against each other through the inclined surfaces 231, they seem to be spliced ​​into a solid whole, forming a fixed protective layer.

[0050] This protective layer, composed of arc-shaped plates 23, has higher strength and stability, and can withstand greater impact forces. When subsequent impact forces arrive, this protective layer will first disperse and absorb the impact force, and then transfer the remaining smaller impact force to the secondary lining 13. In this way, the protection of the secondary lining 13 is further increased, the damage to the secondary lining 13 is greatly reduced, and the structural safety and stable operation of the tunnel under extreme earthquake conditions are effectively guaranteed.

[0051] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 As shown, the outer wall of the fixed frame 21 is provided with a limiting component 30. The limiting component 30 includes a connecting frame 31 fixed to the outer wall of the fixed frame 21. The connecting frame 31 has an inner groove 311 and a moving groove 312 inside. The inner groove 311 and the moving groove 312 are connected. The fixed frame 21 has an clearance groove 34 inside. The sliding block 22 has an embedded groove 35 inside. The inner walls of the inner groove 311 and the moving groove 312 are slidably connected to the moving block 32. 2. The movable block 32 is in contact with the clearance groove 34 and the embedded groove 35. The shape of the movable block 32 is set as trapezoidal, and a spring plate 33 is connected between the trapezoidal step and the inner wall of the inner groove 311. The inner wall of the arc plate 23 is fixed with a pressure rod 36, and the two sides of the pressure rod 36 are provided with inclined surfaces 37. The ends of the two movable blocks 32 are in contact with the pressure rod 36, and the position where the movable block 32 contacts the pressure rod 36 is also provided with an inclined surface 37. The movable block 32 and the pressure rod 36 are in close contact.

[0052] Under the action of external forces such as earthquakes, the initial support body 11 deforms, which in turn pushes the arc plate 23 to move downward. During the process of the arc plate 23 descending, the pressure rod 36 connected to its bottom will move synchronously with the arc plate 23 and move downward together.

[0053] As the curved plate 23 gradually approaches its lowest position under pressure, the carefully designed inclined surface 37 at the end of the pressure rod 36 begins to function. It makes precise contact with the moving block 32 and generates a horizontal resistance force. Driven by this resistance force, the moving block 32 begins to slide smoothly along the inner groove 311. The inner groove 311 provides precise guidance for the initial movement of the moving block 32. Subsequently, the moving block 32 enters the moving groove 312 and continues to move. During the movement, the moving block 32 will squeeze the spring plate 33 set next to it. The spring plate 33 undergoes elastic deformation under force, storing some energy and playing a buffering role.

[0054] As the earthquake continues, the pressure rod 36 descends continuously, and after the moving block 32 completes its movement within the inner groove 311 and the moving groove 312, it will move along the specially opened clearance groove 34 on the fixed frame 21.

[0055] When the sliding block 22 descends to its lowest state, the moving block 32 fits perfectly into the inner groove 35. The two fit together tightly, like a jigsaw puzzle. At this time, the moving block 32 will firmly hold the sliding block 22, effectively restricting the further movement of the sliding block 22 and fixing the sliding block 22.

[0056] When multiple arc-shaped plates 23 are compressed to their lowest state, a dual protection mechanism is formed for the secondary lining 13. On the one hand, adjacent arc-shaped plates 23 are in contact with each other through a specific structure and fit tightly together, forming a solid fixed protective layer that can disperse and withstand part of the seismic impact force. On the other hand, the sliding block 22 is restricted and fixed by the moving block 32, which enhances the stability of the entire protective structure and reduces the shaking and deformation of the structure. This dual protection method works together to greatly improve the protection capability of the secondary lining 13, effectively reduce the damage caused by the earthquake to the secondary lining 13, and provide reliable support for the safe and stable operation of the tunnel structure in complex geological environments.

[0057] Working principle: Under the complex mechanical environment of an earthquake, the primary support body 11 is the first to be subjected to strong force and deforms, comes into contact with the arc plate 23 and applies a resisting force. The sliding block 22 connected to the bottom of the arc plate 23 is embedded in the sliding groove 211 of the fixed frame 21. Under the push of the resisting force, the sliding block 22 slides smoothly along the sliding groove 211. During the sliding, the sliding block 22 compresses the telescopic spring 24 in the sliding groove 211. The telescopic spring 24 converts part of the impact energy into elastic potential energy and stores it. The elastic reaction force increases, which hinders and buffers the deformation of the primary support body 11, reduces its direct impact on the secondary lining 13, and provides a preliminary safety barrier for the secondary lining 13.

[0058] However, the destructive force of an earthquake is uncertain. When the earthquake is severe, the initial support body 11 deforms significantly, and the resistance force on the arc plate 23 increases significantly. Under the action of the resistance force and its own weight, the arc plate 23 is compressed and drops. The sliding block 22 continues to slide and compresses the telescopic spring 24 to near its limit. The arc plate 23 is in close contact with the fixed frame 21.

[0059] When the arc plate 23 descends to its lowest state, the key protection mechanism is triggered. The inclined surfaces 231 on the sides of adjacent arc plates 23 abut against each other to form a tightly interlocking structure. Numerous arc plates 23 are spliced ​​together to form a solid whole, forming a fixed protective layer. This protective layer has high strength and stability and can withstand greater impact. It first disperses and absorbs subsequent impact forces, and then transmits smaller impact forces to the secondary lining 13, further increasing the protection and reducing damage to the secondary lining 13, thus ensuring the structural safety and stable operation of the tunnel under extreme earthquakes.

[0060] Under external forces such as earthquakes, the deformation of the initial support body 11 pushes the arc plate 23 to move downwards, and the pressure rod 36 connected to its bottom moves downwards synchronously. When the arc plate 23 is compressed to near its lowest state, the inclined surface 37 at the end of the pressure rod 36 makes precise contact with the moving block 32, generating a horizontal resistance force, which pushes the moving block 32 to slide smoothly along the inner groove 311. The inner groove 311 provides initial guidance. Then the moving block 32 enters the moving groove 312 and continues to move, and squeezes the adjacent spring plate 33. The spring plate 33 elastically deforms to store energy and plays a buffering role.

[0061] As the earthquake continues, the pressure rod 36 descends continuously. After the moving block 32 completes its movement in the inner groove 311 and the moving groove 312, it moves along the clearance groove 34 of the fixed frame 21. When the sliding block 22 descends to its lowest state, the moving block 32 is precisely embedded in the inner groove 35, fitting tightly and firmly locking the sliding block 22, restricting its further movement and achieving fixation.

[0062] When multiple arc-shaped plates 23 are compressed to their lowest state, a dual protection mechanism is formed for the secondary lining 13. On the one hand, adjacent arc-shaped plates 23 are tightly fitted to form a fixed protective layer, which disperses and bears part of the seismic impact force. On the other hand, the moving block 32 restricts the fixed sliding block 22, enhances the stability of the protective structure, and reduces structural swaying and deformation. The dual protection works synergistically to greatly improve the protection capability of the secondary lining 13, effectively reduce the damage of the secondary lining 13 to the earthquake, and provide reliable support for the safe and stable operation of the tunnel structure in complex geological environments.

[0063] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who makes equivalent substitutions or changes to the seismic and fault-resistant initial support structure for tunnels across active faults and the inventive concept disclosed in the present invention within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seismic and fault-resistant primary support structure for a tunnel crossing an active fault, comprising a support assembly (10), the support assembly (10) comprising a primary support body (11) and a secondary lining (13), wherein a buffer layer (12) is provided between the primary support body (11) and the secondary lining (13), and the primary support body (11) and the secondary lining (13) are connected by an invert arch (14), characterized in that, Also includes: A buffer assembly (20) is installed on the outer wall of the secondary lining (13); The buffer assembly (20) includes a fixing frame (21) fixed to the outer wall of the secondary lining (13). The fixing frame (21) has a sliding groove (211) inside, and a sliding block (22) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sliding groove (211). The top of the sliding block (22) is connected to an arc plate (23) that contacts the primary support body (11). A telescopic spring (24) is connected between the bottom of the arc plate (23) and the inner wall of the sliding groove (211). When the initial support body (11) is deformed by the earthquake, it abuts against the arc plate (23), causing the sliding block (22) at the bottom of the arc plate (23) to slide in the sliding groove (211) and squeeze the telescopic spring (24).

2. The initial support structure for a tunnel across an active fault, characterized in that, The curved plate (23) has inclined surfaces (231) on both sides, and the adjacent inclined surfaces (231) abut against each other.

3. The seismic and fault-resistant initial support structure for tunnels crossing active faults according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the fixed frame (21) is provided with a limiting component (30). The limiting component (30) includes a connecting frame (31) fixed to the outer wall of the fixed frame (21). The connecting frame (31) has an inner groove (311) and a moving groove (312) inside. The inner groove (311) and the moving groove (312) are connected.

4. The seismic and fault-resistant initial support structure for tunnels crossing active faults according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fixed frame (21) has an clearance groove (34) inside, and the sliding block (22) has an embedded groove (35) inside.

5. The seismic and fault-resistant initial support structure for tunnels crossing active faults according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner walls of the inner groove (311) and the moving groove (312) are slidably connected with a moving block (32), and the moving block (32) is in contact with the clearance groove (34) and the embedded groove (35).

6. The seismic and fault-resistant initial support structure for tunnels crossing active faults according to claim 5, characterized in that, The movable block (32) is trapezoidal in shape, and a spring sheet (33) is connected between the trapezoidal step and the inner wall of the inner groove (311).

7. The initial support structure for a tunnel across an active fault, characterized in that, The inner wall of the arc plate (23) is fixed with a pressure rod (36), and the pressure rod (36) has inclined surfaces (37) on both sides.

8. The initial support structure for a tunnel across an active fault, characterized in that, The ends of the two movable blocks (32) are in contact with the pressure rod (36), and the position where the movable blocks (32) and the pressure rod (36) are in contact is also provided with a slope (37), and the movable blocks (32) and the pressure rod (36) are in close contact.

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