Flow regulation atomizer of gel oxidant and flow regulation atomization method

Abstract

The invention discloses a flow regulation atomizer for a gel oxidant. The flow regulation atomizer comprises an inner flow channel, an outer flow channel, an inner flow channel outlet panel, an outer flow channel outlet panel, a gradually-shrunk flow channel and a circular section, the inner runner and the outer runner are coaxially arranged; the inner flow channel outlet panel is arranged at an inner flow channel outlet, self-impact spraying holes are formed in the inner flow channel outlet panel, and the gel oxidizing agent is subjected to impact atomization after passing through the self-impact spraying holes; the outer flow channel outlet panel is arranged at an outer flow channel outlet, rotational flow holes are formed in the outer flow channel outlet panel, and a centrifugal rotational flow liquid film is formed after the gel oxidizing agent is sprayed out; and a gel oxidizing agent sprayed out of the self-striking collision spraying hole or the rotational flow hole is sprayed out after passing through the gradually-shrunk flow channel and the circular section. The invention further discloses a flow adjusting method achieved through the atomizer. The atomizer can have a large-flow working mode and a small-flow working mode. According to the invention, the wide-range adjustment of the gel oxidant can be realized under the condition of not increasing the upstream conveying pressure, and the gel oxidant has the characteristics of high reliability and high temperature resistance, and has a wide application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of rocket engine liquid or gel propellant atomization technology, specifically relating to a coaxial dual-mode atomization device and flow rate regulation atomization method suitable for solid particle gel oxidizers, particularly suitable for rocket engine combustion chamber injection systems with wide thrust range regulation. Background Technology

[0002] To improve the long-term storage performance of liquid oxidizers and reduce the hazards caused by accidental leakage, small molecule solidification factors are added to the liquid oxidizers to change them from liquid to gel state. This avoids the pre-packaging and leakage risks associated with existing liquid propellants. At the same time, under shear force, the gel state can be transformed into liquid, enabling wide-range thrust adjustment of rocket engines based on the flow regulation device.

[0003] Currently, gel oxidizer atomizers generally suffer from three technical defects: ① Traditional single-channel designs rely on upstream pressure for flow regulation. High flow rates require high upstream pressure, which is not conducive to improving the system mass ratio. At the same time, the regulation ratio is less than 3:1, which cannot adapt to the changing operating conditions of the engine; ② Micron-sized particles (typically 300-800μm oxidizer particles) easily cause nozzle blockage; ③ During long-term operation, the atomizer head is eroded due to high-temperature gas backflow. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the aforementioned shortcomings and provide a flow-regulating atomizer and flow-regulating atomization method for gel oxidants. This solves the technical problems of existing gel oxidant atomizers, such as small flow regulation range, easy nozzle clogging, high upstream pressure requirements, and difficulty in thermal protection. This invention can achieve wide-range regulation of the gel oxidant without increasing the upstream delivery pressure, and also possesses high reliability and high-temperature resistance, thus having broad application prospects.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention discloses a flow-regulating atomizer for gel oxidants, suitable for wide-range flow regulation and efficient atomization of gel oxidants containing solid particles in rocket engines. This invention solves the problems of easy clogging, poor atomization uniformity, and wide-range flow regulation of solid-containing gel oxidants through a composite atomization mechanism. It can achieve wide-range regulation of gel oxidants without increasing upstream delivery pressure, and also possesses high reliability and high-temperature resistance.

[0007] A flow-regulating atomizer for a gel oxidant includes: an inner channel, an outer channel, an inner channel outlet panel, an outer channel outlet panel, a tapered channel, and a circular section;

[0008] The inner flow channel and the outer flow channel are coaxially arranged, with the inner flow channel located inside the outer flow channel;

[0009] An inner channel outlet panel is located at the inner channel outlet position. At least one pair of self-collision nozzles are arranged on the inner channel outlet panel. The gel oxidant flowing out of the inner channel is sprayed out through the self-collision nozzles and then atomized by collision.

[0010] An external flow channel outlet panel is located at the external flow channel outlet position. At least two swirling holes are provided on the external flow channel outlet panel. The gel oxidant flowing out of the external flow channel is sprayed out through the swirling holes to form a centrifugal swirling liquid film.

[0011] The gel oxidant ejected from the self-impacting nozzle or swirling nozzle passes sequentially through a tapered channel and a circular section before being ejected.

[0012] Furthermore, the inner flow channel is a circular flow channel, and the outer flow channel is an annular flow channel;

[0013] An internal flow channel valve and an external flow channel valve are respectively installed at the inlet of the internal flow channel and the external flow channel valve, and the internal flow channel valve and the external flow channel valve are controlled independently;

[0014] The internal flow channel valve is an on / off solenoid valve, and the external flow channel valve is a needle valve or a stepper motor driven valve.

[0015] Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of ​​the outer flow channel is 1.5 to 5 times that of the inner flow channel.

[0016] The flow ratio between the inner and outer channels is controlled within the range of 0.1:1 to 10:1 by adjusting the opening of the inner and outer channel valves.

[0017] Furthermore, the axes of each pair of self-collision nozzles arranged on the inner flow channel outlet panel intersect and the included angle between the nozzles is 50° to 90°.

[0018] The diameter of the self-collision nozzle is 0.4–0.8 mm.

[0019] Furthermore, 1 to 8 pairs of self-collision nozzles are arranged on the outlet panel of the inner flow channel;

[0020] The aspect ratio of the self-collision nozzle is not less than 3.

[0021] Furthermore, the swirling holes on the outlet panel of the outer flow channel are spiral holes, and the diameter D of the spiral hole corresponds to the spiral line. s = (Dd) / 2; The helix corresponding to the helical hole is the helix located at the center of the helical hole, and the diameter of the helix is ​​the diameter of the imaginary cylinder corresponding to the helix;

[0022] Where D is the outer diameter of the outer channel and d is the inner diameter of the outer channel;

[0023] Define the helix angle HA as arctan(L / π·D) sIf ), then HA = 20°~45°, where L is the pitch of the helix.

[0024] Furthermore, four swirling orifices are configured, evenly distributed at a 90° angle along the circumference of the outer flow channel outlet panel. The cross-section of the swirling orifices perpendicular to the flow direction is circular, and the diameter of this circle is denoted as D. h ;

[0025] The swirl orifice intersects with the upper plane of the outer flow channel outlet panel to form an elliptical inlet, with the major axis of the ellipse being A = D. h / sin(HA).

[0026] Furthermore, the inlet of the tapered flow channel is located at the outlet of the outer flow channel outlet panel, and the outlet of the self-collision nozzle is located inside the tapered flow channel; the outlet of the inner flow channel outlet panel is located 3-5 mm upstream of the circular section inlet.

[0027] The contraction angle of the tapered flow channel is 45° to 70°.

[0028] Furthermore, the circular segment is a flow channel with a circular cross-section. The inlet end of the circular segment is connected to the outlet end of the tapered flow channel, and the connection between the circular segment and the tapered flow channel is provided with a rounded corner.

[0029] Furthermore, the angle 2θ formed between the impact point of the self-collision nozzle jet and the edge of the circular segment exit of the swirling nozzle is ≥150° to avoid direct interference between the planar liquid film formed by the self-collision nozzle and the annular liquid film ejected from the external swirling nozzle. More specifically, let the impact point of the self-collision nozzle jet be point a, and let two points on the edge of the circular segment exit of the swirling nozzle be points b and c, and the line connecting points b and c passes through the center point of the end face of the circular segment exit of the swirling nozzle; then ∠bac ≥150°. A flow rate regulation method for a gel oxidant, implemented using the above-mentioned flow rate regulation atomizer for a gel oxidant, includes:

[0030] When the flow rate is ≤5m / s, operate in low flow mode:

[0031] The gel oxidant enters the inner flow channel and is ejected through the self-impacting nozzle, generating a cluster of atomized droplets. The cluster of atomized droplets covers the circular section to prevent the backflow and ablation of high-temperature combustion gas.

[0032] When the flow rate is >5m / s, operate in high flow mode:

[0033] The gel oxidant enters both the inner and outer flow channels simultaneously.

[0034] The gel oxidant in the inner channel is ejected through the self-impacting nozzle, generating a cluster of atomized droplets. The cluster of atomized droplets covers the circular section to prevent the backflow and ablation of high-temperature gas.

[0035] The gel oxidant in the outer channel is sprayed out through the swirl hole to form a centrifugal liquid film with a swirl number >2. After being accelerated by the gradually narrowing channel, it is sprayed out from the circular section and broken into atomized particles.

[0036] The atomized droplets from the inner channel and the atomized particles from the outer channel avoid direct interference, forming a composite spray cloud.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least one of the following advantages:

[0038] (1) The oxidant of the present invention is delivered by two coaxial channels, which can achieve a wide range of adjustment of the gel oxidant without increasing the upstream pressurization pressure, which is of great significance for rocket engines to achieve a large thrust ratio;

[0039] (2) The present invention can achieve self-impact atomization or swirling atomization, with good atomization effect and large nozzle orifice or swirling orifice diameter, which is suitable for gel oxidants containing micron-sized particles and avoids clogging;

[0040] (3) The flow channels of the present invention are arranged in parallel on the same axis, and oxidant is always sprayed out during operation, which effectively solves the problem of thermal protection of the atomizer when the rocket engine is working for a long time.

[0041] (4) The present invention provides specific parameters for structures such as inner and outer flow channels, self-collision nozzles, and swirling holes, which can improve the atomization effect and have high reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view along the axial direction of the flow-regulating atomizer for the gel oxidant of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the flow-regulating atomizer for the gel oxidant of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the flow-regulating atomizer for the gel oxidant of the present invention, perpendicular to the axis.

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the angle formed between the impact point of the self-impacting jet in the swirl nozzle and the exit edge of the circular section of the swirling nozzle in this invention.

[0046] In the figure, 1-inner flow channel; 2-outer flow channel; 3-inner flow channel inlet end; 4-outer flow channel inlet end; 5-inner flow channel outlet panel; 6-self-collision nozzle; 7-outer flow channel outlet panel; 8-swirling hole; 9-gradiently narrowing flow channel; 10-circular section. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The features and advantages of the present invention will become clearer and more apparent from the following detailed description.

[0048] The term “exemplary” as used herein means “serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration.” Any embodiment illustrated herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other embodiments. Although various aspects of embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated otherwise.

[0049] This invention provides a flow-regulating atomizer for gel oxidants, comprising: an inner channel and an outer channel arranged coaxially, the inner channel being located inside the outer channel and forming a double-layer channel structure; independently controlled inner channel valves and outer channel valves, respectively connected to the inlet ends of the inner and outer channels; at least one pair of self-collision nozzles symmetrically arranged on the outlet panel of the inner channel, the axes of the self-collision nozzles intersecting and the included angle of the nozzles being 50° to 90°, so that the gel oxidant forms collision atomization after being sprayed out; at least two swirling holes arranged in a ring array on the outlet panel of the outer channel, so that the gel oxidant forms a centrifugal swirling liquid film after being sprayed out through the swirling holes, and is atomized a second time under the action of aerodynamic force; by adjusting the opening of the outer channel valve, the flow regulation ratio of the inner and outer channels of the atomizer is not less than 10:1, and at the same time, the atomized droplets or liquid films in the inner and outer channels can form a continuous cooling layer to protect the atomizer structure from high-temperature ablation, which is suitable for atomizing gel oxidants containing solid particles.

[0050] In the aforementioned flow-regulating atomizer for a gel oxidant, the number of self-impacting nozzles is 1 to 8 pairs, and the length-to-diameter ratio of the nozzles is not less than 3. The outlet cross-section of the swirling orifice is elliptical or circular.

[0051] The above-mentioned flow-regulating atomizer for a gel oxidant has a tapered flow channel at the end of the outer flow channel outlet panel, with an angle of 45° to 70° with the central axis, and a circular section at the outlet.

[0052] In the aforementioned flow-regulating atomizer for a gel oxidant, the inner and outer flow channel valves are proportional control valves or stepper motor driven valves, and the two valves are linked by a control module to adjust the flow ratio. The cross-sectional area of ​​the outer flow channel is 1.5 to 5 times that of the inner flow channel, and the flow ratio of the two channels is controlled within the range of 0.1:1 to 10:1 by the valve opening.

[0053] In the above-mentioned flow-regulating atomizer for a gel oxidant, a tapered guide section (tapered flow channel) is provided at the outlet of the self-impacting nozzle, and the outlet end face of the tapered guide section is rounded.

[0054] In the aforementioned flow-regulating atomizer for a gel oxidant, the inner flow channel outlet panel is located upstream of the circular section. When only the inner flow channel is working (small flow rate), the circular section is effectively thermally protected by the colliding atomized droplet group.

[0055] Example:

[0056] The following will combine Figures 1-4 The flow-regulating atomizer for the gel oxidant of the present invention will be described in further detail.

[0057] A flow-regulating atomizer for a gel oxidant, made of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel, such as... Figure 1 It includes: an inner flow channel 1 and an outer flow channel 2 arranged coaxially. The inner flow channel 1 is located inside the outer flow channel 2 and forms a double-layer channel structure with it. The diameter of the inner flow channel is 7mm, the outer diameter of the outer flow channel is 16mm, the inner diameter is 12mm, and the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the outer flow channel is 2.2 times that of the inner flow channel. The valves of the inner flow channel are on / off solenoid valves and do not regulate the flow rate. The valves of the outer flow channel are all needle-type regulating valves, and the flow ratio is adjusted through a PLC linkage control module. The flow ratio of the two valves can be continuously adjusted within the range of 10:1.

[0058] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 The inner flow channel outlet panel 5 is equipped with a pair of self-impacting nozzles 6, with a nozzle diameter of 0.8 mm, a length-to-diameter ratio of 3, a nozzle included angle of 70°, and a rounded corner of R0.2 mm. The nozzle axis projection is staggered with the outer flow channel swirl holes 8 at a 45° angle.

[0059] The outer flow channel outlet panel 7 has a ring array of 4 swirling holes 8, with a hole diameter of 2mm and an inclination angle of 30°. The outlet cross-section of the swirling holes is circular, and the end is connected to a tapering flow channel 9 with a contraction angle of 45°.

[0060] The inner flow channel outlet panel 5 is located 3.5 mm upstream of the circular section 10. Under low flow conditions, the colliding atomized droplet group can cover the surface of the circular section 10 to form a cooling and protective layer.

[0061] The flow-regulating atomizer for gel oxidant is integrally 3D printed and then smoothed after printing to meet the requirements for gel oxidant delivery and atomization.

[0062] The working process of the flow-regulating atomizer for the gel oxidant in this embodiment is as follows:

[0063] In low-flow mode, only the inner flow channel valve is opened, and the gel oxidant flows through the inner flow channel at a velocity of 5 m / s. It then collides with a pair of self-collision nozzles 6 at a 70° angle, generating a dense cluster of fine atomized droplets with an SMD (Sottle mean diameter) of <50 μm. These atomized droplets cover the circular section 10 at the outer flow channel outlet, preventing backflow and ablation by high-temperature combustion gases.

[0064] In high-flow-rate mode, while maintaining a constant upstream booster pressure (constant internal flow velocity), both the external and internal flow valves are opened simultaneously. The position of the needle plug on the external flow valve is controlled by a PLC, allowing for continuous adjustment between minimum and maximum flow rates. The fluid in the external flow channel forms a centrifugal liquid film with a swirl number >2 through the swirl holes 8. After being accelerated by the tapered flow channel 9, it is ejected from the circular section 10, adhering to the wall. With increasing spray distance and aerodynamic force, it breaks down into atomized particles with an SMD <100μm. Figure 4 The angle 2θ ≥ 150° formed between the impact point of the self-collision jet and the edge of the circular section of the swirling nozzle exit is 150°. The atomization fields of the inner and outer channels avoid direct interference through staggered layout, forming a composite spray cloud.

[0065] The present invention has been described in detail above with reference to specific embodiments and exemplary examples; however, these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that various equivalent substitutions, modifications, or improvements can be made to the technical solutions and embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

[0066] The contents not described in detail in this specification are common knowledge to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A flow-regulating atomizer for a gel oxidant, characterized in that, include: Inner flow channel (1), outer flow channel (2), inner flow channel outlet panel (5), outer flow channel outlet panel (7), tapered flow channel (9) and circular section (10); The inner flow channel (1) and the outer flow channel (2) are arranged coaxially, with the inner flow channel (1) located inside the outer flow channel (2); The inner flow channel outlet panel (5) is located at the outlet of the inner flow channel (1). At least one pair of self-collision nozzles (6) are arranged on the inner flow channel outlet panel (5). The gel oxidant flowing out of the inner flow channel (1) is sprayed out through the self-collision nozzles (6) and then atomized by collision. The outer channel outlet panel (7) is located at the outlet of the outer channel (2). At least two swirling holes (8) are provided on the outer channel outlet panel (7). The gel oxidant flowing out of the outer channel (2) is sprayed out through the swirling holes (8) to form a centrifugal swirling liquid film. The gel oxidant ejected from the self-impacting nozzle (6) or swirling nozzle (8) passes through the tapered channel (9) and the circular section (10) in sequence before being ejected.

2. The flow-regulating atomizer for a gel oxidant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner flow channel (1) is a circular flow channel, and the outer flow channel (2) is an annular flow channel; An internal flow channel valve and an external flow channel valve are respectively installed at the inlet of the internal flow channel (1) and the external flow channel (2), and the internal flow channel valve and the external flow channel valve are controlled independently; The internal flow channel valve is an on / off solenoid valve, and the external flow channel valve is a needle valve or a stepper motor driven valve.

3. The flow-regulating atomizer for a gel oxidant according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cross-sectional area of ​​the outer flow channel (2) is 1.5 to 5 times that of the cross-sectional area of ​​the inner flow channel (1); The flow ratio of the inner flow channel (1) and the outer flow channel (2) is controlled within the range of 0.1:1 to 10:1 by the opening degree of the inner flow channel valve and the outer flow channel valve.

4. The flow-regulating atomizer for a gel oxidant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axes of each pair of self-collision nozzles (6) arranged on the inner flow channel outlet panel (5) intersect and the included angle of the nozzles is 50° to 90°. The diameter of the self-collision nozzle (6) is 0.4 to 0.8 mm.

5. The flow-regulating atomizer for a gel oxidant according to claim 1, characterized in that, One to eight pairs of self-collision nozzles (6) are arranged on the inner flow channel outlet panel (5); The aspect ratio of the self-collision nozzle (6) is not less than 3.

6. The flow-regulating atomizer for a gel oxidant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The swirl holes (8) provided on the outlet panel (7) of the outer flow channel are spiral holes, and the diameter D of the spiral hole corresponds to the spiral line. s = (Dd) / 2; Where D is the outer diameter of the outer channel (2) and d is the inner diameter of the outer channel (2); Define the helix angle HA as arctan(L / π·D) s If ), then HA = 20°~45°, where L is the pitch of the helix.

7. The flow-regulating atomizer for a gel oxidant according to claim 1, characterized in that, Four swirling holes (8) are provided, and the four swirling holes (8) are evenly distributed circumferentially along the outlet panel (7) of the outer flow channel. The cross section of the swirling holes (8) perpendicular to the flow direction is circular, and the diameter of the circle is D. h ; The swirl hole (8) intersects with the upper plane of the outer channel outlet panel (7) to form an elliptical inlet, with the major axis of the ellipse being A = D. h / sin(HA).

8. The flow-regulating atomizer for a gel oxidant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet of the tapered flow channel (9) is located at the outlet of the outer flow channel outlet panel (7), and the outlet of the self-collision nozzle (6) is located inside the tapered flow channel (9); the outlet of the inner flow channel outlet panel (5) is located 3-5 mm upstream of the inlet of the circular section (10). The contraction angle of the tapered flow channel (9) is 45° to 70°.

9. The flow-regulating atomizer for a gel oxidant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circular segment (10) is a flow channel with a circular cross-section. The inlet end of the circular segment (10) is connected to the outlet end of the tapered flow channel (9). The connection between the circular segment (10) and the tapered flow channel (9) is provided with a rounded corner.

10. The flow-regulating atomizer for a gel oxidant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle 2θ ≥ 150° formed between the jet impact point of the self-impacting nozzle (6) and the exit edge of the circular section (10) of the swirling nozzle is to avoid direct interference between the planar liquid film formed by the self-impacting nozzle (6) and the annular liquid film ejected from the external swirling nozzle (8).

11. A method for adjusting the flow rate of a gel oxidant, characterized in that, This is achieved using a flow-regulating atomizer for a gel oxidant as described in any one of claims 1-10, comprising: When the flow rate is ≤5m / s, operate in low flow mode: The gel oxidant enters the inner flow channel (1) and is ejected through the self-impact nozzle (6) to generate a group of atomized droplets. The group of atomized droplets covers the circular section (10) to prevent the high-temperature gas from flowing back and burning. When the flow rate is >5m / s, operate in high flow mode: The gel oxidant enters the inner channel (1) and the outer channel (2) simultaneously; The gel oxidant in the inner flow channel (1) is ejected through the self-impacting nozzle (6) to generate a group of atomized droplets. The group of atomized droplets covers the circular section (10) to prevent the high-temperature gas from flowing back and burning. After the gel oxidant in the outer channel (2) is sprayed out through the swirl hole (8), it forms a centrifugal liquid film with a swirl number >2. After being accelerated by the tapered channel (9), it is sprayed out from the circular section (10) and broken into atomized particles. The atomized droplets from the inner channel (1) and the atomized particles from the outer channel (2) avoid direct interference and form a composite spray cloud.

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