A full-automatic high-temperature heat sink sintering furnace based on hydrogen energy power generation SOFC and a control method thereof

Abstract

This application relates to a fully automated high-temperature heat sink sintering furnace based on hydrogen-powered SOFC (Solar-Fuel-Powered Furnace), comprising a furnace body with a sintering chamber, a controllable valve body disposed at a first opening, a movable feeding platform supporting ceramic plates, heating tubes arranged around a material rack with their extension direction parallel to the moving direction of the feeding platform, an adjustment mechanism for driving the heating tubes closer to or further away from the material rack, temperature sensors arranged around the material rack, and a controller connected to the above components. This sintering furnace, through the controller's linkage adjustment of the heating tube position and valve body opening / closing based on the temperature sensor readings, achieves real-time compensation for local temperature differences and control of adhesive discharge disturbances, thereby improving sintering consistency and thermal efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to sintering furnaces, and more particularly to a fully automated high-temperature heat sink sintering furnace and control method based on hydrogen energy power generation SOFC. Background Technology

[0002] With the surge in demand for high-reliability metal paste ceramic plates from industries such as new energy vehicle power systems, distributed energy storage, and high-end electronic packaging, related sintering processes are evolving towards "high temperature, long cycle time, mass production, and full automation." To reduce carbon emissions and improve energy self-sufficiency, some production lines have begun to introduce hydrogen-fueled solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) as a stable power source and waste heat complementarity, supporting continuous operation and energy efficiency synergy in high-temperature sections.

[0003] Existing sintering furnaces typically have electric heating elements fixedly arranged on the furnace wall or around the material rack. Temperature detection mostly relies on a small number of thermocouples or infrared point sensors, with the sensor locations usually set at representative points in the furnace cavity or at the airflow channels. Furthermore, during the binder removal stage, exhaust valves are often opened to ensure that organic components are fully discharged.

[0004] However, the above operations easily introduce non-uniform convection and disrupt radiation equilibrium, leading to localized temperature drops and increased temperature differences in different directions, thus affecting the glue removal effect and product quality. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a fully automated high-temperature heat sink sintering furnace to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-temperature heat sink sintering furnace that can adjust the relative position between the heating tube and the material rack in real time based on the temperature detection results of multiple points around the material rack, and control the valve body opening and closing in conjunction with the adjustment, so as to improve the temperature field stability during the glue discharge stage and optimize the thermal coupling consistency of the high-temperature section.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve the above problems is: a fully automatic high-temperature heat sink sintering furnace based on hydrogen energy power generation SOFC, used for sintering metal slurry ceramic plates, including a furnace body, a valve body, a feeding platform, a heating mechanism, an adjusting mechanism, and a controller. The furnace body includes a sintering chamber and a first opening and a second opening communicating with the sintering chamber; the valve body is disposed at the first opening and is controlled to open and close; the feeding platform is used to place a material rack carrying ceramic plates and is controlled to move so as to drive the material rack to enter or leave the sintering chamber through the second opening, and the moving direction of the feeding platform is defined as a first direction; the heating mechanism is disposed in the sintering chamber, and the heating mechanism includes a plurality of heating tubes with controlled heating, each of the heating tubes being configured to... After entering the sintering chamber, the heating tube is arranged around the material rack, and the extension direction of the heating tube is parallel to the first direction; the adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment end that is controlled to move and is connected to the heating tube in a transmission manner to drive the heating tube to move towards or away from the material rack; a plurality of temperature sensors are arranged around the furnace body and have detection ends that extend into the sintering chamber. Each detection end is arranged around the material rack after the material rack enters the sintering chamber to obtain the ambient temperature detection value; the controller is connected to the heating mechanism, the adjustment mechanism and the temperature sensors, and is configured to control the operation of the adjustment mechanism and the valve body based on the temperature detection value to adjust the relative position of the heating tube and the material rack and the on / off state of the valve body.

[0007] In particular, a control method for a fully automated high-temperature hot sink sintering furnace as described above, wherein the metal slurry ceramic plate includes a green body, which refers to a green body formed by the bonding of ceramic powder of the ceramic plate with organic binders and / or solvents contained in the metal slurry and has not undergone sintering densification treatment.

[0008] The sintering furnace further includes a gas pressure sensor and a gas composition sensor. The gas pressure sensor is disposed on the gas path outside the first opening and located between the valve body and the ventilation fan to obtain the atmospheric pressure inside the sintering chamber. The gas composition sensor is disposed on the gas path outside the first opening to obtain the gas composition inside the sintering chamber.

[0009] The control method includes:

[0010] The thickness of the green body, the effective heat exchange area of ​​the green body, the mass of the green body, the specific heat of the green body, the initial gum content of the green body, the initial porosity of the green body, the calibration relationship of the pore permeability of the green body, the calibration relationship of the allowable pore pressure threshold of the green body, the calibration curve of the gas viscosity and the gas density in the sintering cavity, the atmosphere pressure in the sintering cavity, the maximum allowable temperature difference, the upper limit of the hardware heating slope, the surface emissivity of the heating tube, the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, the apparent factor-distance calibration curve, and the thermogravimetric curve are obtained.

[0011] The target temperature curve is determined based on the thickness of the green body, the effective heat exchange area of ​​the green body, the mass of the green body, the specific heat of the green body, the initial gum content of the green body, the initial porosity of the green body, the calibration relationship of the pore permeability of the green body, the calibration relationship of the allowable pore pressure threshold of the green body, the temperature calibration curve of the gas viscosity and the temperature calibration curve of the gas density in the sintering cavity, the atmosphere pressure in the sintering cavity, the maximum allowable temperature difference, the upper limit of the hardware heating slope, the surface emissivity of the heating tube, the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, the apparent factor-distance calibration curve, and the thermogravimetric curve.

[0012] The regulating mechanism and the heating mechanism are controlled according to the target temperature curve and each of the temperature sensors.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0014] 1. By employing a controller to collect the detection values ​​from multiple temperature sensors distributed around the furnace body and extending into the sintering chamber, the temperature distribution around the material rack can be sensed in real time. Based on these temperature detection values, the controller controls the adjustment mechanism, allowing the heating tubes to move towards or away from the material rack. This dynamically changes the radiative heat transfer geometry between the heating tubes and the material rack, achieving real-time compensation for local temperature differences. Simultaneously, the controller can also control the on / off state of the valve located at the first opening, adapting to the linkage control requirements for atmosphere flow and temperature disturbances during the glue removal stage. Therefore, it effectively solves the problems of non-uniform temperature field caused by fixed heating components, few and poorly representative temperature measurement points, and temperature disturbances easily caused by exhaust operations in existing technologies. In particular, it addresses key issues such as radiative imbalance and the inability to quickly compensate for local temperature drops during the glue removal stage. This achieves the technical effects of sufficient glue removal, controlled temperature difference, balanced temperature field, and improved thermal efficiency during the sintering of metal slurry ceramic plates, significantly improving product consistency and the level of process automation control. It is suitable for long-cycle, high-temperature, and high-reliability production requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a sintering furnace shown in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sintering furnace shown in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the interior of a sintering furnace shown in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic top view of a sintering furnace shown in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a guide plate shown in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] The components are as follows: 10, furnace body; 110, sintering chamber; 20, valve body; 30, feeding platform; 40, heating mechanism; 410, heating tube; 50, adjusting mechanism; 510, central tube; 520, guide plate; 521, first guide groove; 530, drive plate; 531, drive groove; 540, adjusting frame; 541, frame body; 542, drive shaft; 5421, annular protrusion; 543, limiting component; 5431, third guide groove; 550, moving component; 551, lifting rod; 552, clamping component; 5521, second guide groove; 60, temperature sensor; 70, ventilation fan. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0022] See Figures 1 to 5This embodiment provides a fully automatic high-temperature heat sink sintering furnace, which uses a solid oxide fuel cell as a synergistic source of electrical energy and waste heat. Furthermore, this sintering furnace is used for sintering metal slurry ceramic plates. The sintering furnace includes a furnace body 10, a valve body 20, a feeding platform 30, a heating mechanism 40, an adjusting mechanism 50, several temperature sensors 60, and a controller. The furnace body 10 includes a sintering chamber 110 and a first opening and a second opening communicating with the sintering chamber 110. The first opening and the second opening are respectively located on opposite sides of the inner wall of the sintering chamber 110, and the center lines of the first opening and the second opening are collinear. A valve body 20 is located at the first opening and is controlled to operate. A loading platform 30 is used to place a material rack carrying ceramic plates and is controlled to move so as to drive the material rack to enter or leave the sintering chamber 110 through the second opening. The moving direction of the loading platform 30 is defined as a first direction, and the center line of the first opening is parallel to the first direction. A heating mechanism 40 is located inside the sintering chamber 110. The heating mechanism 40 includes a plurality of heating tubes 410 with controlled heating. Each heating tube 410 is configured to surround the material rack after the material rack enters the sintering chamber 110, and the extending direction of the heating tube 410 is parallel to the first direction. The material rack includes a plurality of material placement plates arranged perpendicular to the first direction and arranged sequentially along the first direction. An adjusting mechanism 50 includes a controlled moving and adjusting mechanism that is connected to the first opening. The heat pipe 410 is connected to an adjustment end to drive the heating pipe 410 to move towards or away from the material rack. There are several adjustment ends, each corresponding to one of the heating pipes 410. Several temperature sensors 60 are disposed around the periphery of the sintering furnace and have detection ends extending into the sintering cavity 110. Each detection end is arranged around the periphery of the material rack after it enters the sintering cavity 110 to obtain ambient temperature values. The temperature sensors 60 are divided into several groups and arranged parallel to each other. All temperature sensors in each group... All sensors 60 are located in the same plane perpendicular to the first direction. Each group of temperature sensors 60 is configured to surround the material rack after the material rack enters the sintering chamber 110, and the spacing between two adjacent temperature sensors 60 in each group is equal. The controller is connected to the heating mechanism 40, the adjusting mechanism 50 and the temperature sensors 60, and is configured to control the operation of the adjusting mechanism 50 and the valve body 20 based on the temperature detection value, so as to adjust the relative position of the heating tube 410 and the material rack and the on / off state of the valve body 20.

[0023] Specifically: The high-temperature heat sink sintering furnace provided in this embodiment has a furnace body 10 as its main body, and a closed sintering cavity 110 is formed inside the furnace body 10. The outer shell of the furnace body 10 adopts a composite structure of a high-temperature resistant heat insulation layer and a load-bearing frame, and the inner lining is a laminate of refractory and low thermal conductivity materials to reduce heat leakage and provide stable heat insulation. The furnace body 10 has two openings that connect to the outside. The first opening is equipped with a controllable valve body 20 for discharging volatiles and regulating the pressure difference in the cavity. The second opening serves as a loading and unloading port. The loading platform 30 is arranged outside the furnace body 10. Through the guide and drive assembly, it moves linearly back and forth along a defined first direction, so that the material rack carrying the ceramic plate can smoothly enter and exit the sintering cavity 110 through the second opening. The heating mechanism 40 is located inside the sintering cavity 110. Multiple controlled heating tubes 410 are arranged around the material rack. The extension direction of the heating tubes 410 is parallel to the movement direction of the loading platform 30, forming a radiation and convection channel layout consistent with the workpiece transport direction. In this embodiment, replaceable support and heat insulation pads are provided between the heating tube 410 and the furnace lining for easy maintenance and thermal resistance balancing. The adjustment mechanism 50 is connected to the heating tube 410 via a movable end to move the heating tube 410 closer to or further away from the material rack. Several temperature sensors 60 are arranged around the furnace body 10 and penetrate the sintering chamber 110 with heat-resistant seals. The detection ends are arranged around the material rack after it enters the furnace. The controller is electrically connected to the heating mechanism 40, the adjustment mechanism 50, the temperature sensors 60, and the valve body 20 to form a closed-loop control unit for temperature field sensing and execution. To adapt to the solid oxide fuel cell power supply scenario for hydrogen power generation, interfaces for power supply and waste heat exchange units are reserved outside the furnace body 10, and grounding and safety interlocks are provided.

[0024] After the loading platform 30 feeds the ceramic plate loaded with metal slurry into the sintering chamber 110 along the first direction and completes the sealing and closure, the controller calls the target temperature curve that matches the process of this batch. Using the surrounding detection value of the temperature sensor 60 as the feedback reference, the controller performs zoned control of the temperature around the material rack. Specifically, based on the deviation between the real-time temperature of each detection end and the target temperature curve, the controller schedules the output of the heating tube 410 and drives the adjustment mechanism 50 to change the relative position of the heating tube 410 and the material rack, so that the radiation apparent factor and the near-wall convection path are quickly corrected, thereby continuously tracking the target temperature curve during the glue removal stage. At the same time, the controller combines the temperature distribution inside the cavity with the volatile release rate to control the opening and closing of the valve body 20 at the first opening, so as to keep the emission flow and temperature stability coordinated. When a local temperature drop or temperature difference expansion trend is detected, thermal compensation is preferentially performed by the joint adjustment of the position and power of the heating tube 410, and the disturbance caused by non-uniform convection is suppressed by the slight correction of the valve body 20 opening, so that the temperature field around the material rack closely follows the target temperature curve and evolves smoothly, ensuring that the organic components are discharged fully and uniformly.

[0025] The heating element 410 can be a metal tubular heating element or a ceramic-based heating element, and a radiation-shaping sheath can be added to the outer surface to optimize the visual factor. The heating element 410 can be arranged in a rectangular ring array or a multi-row parallel array to adapt to different specifications of material racks and loading methods. The valve body 20 can adopt a butterfly, gate, or straight-through regulating structure, and can be equipped with a corrosion-resistant lining and a temperature-resistant seal to improve the stability of the glue discharge stage. The drive of the loading platform 30 can adopt a screw, cable winding, or linear actuation scheme, and the guide can adopt a rolling and sliding composite structure to balance positioning accuracy and temperature resistance. The furnace lining layers can be adjusted according to the process temperature and thermal shock requirements to a combination of composite brick lining or fiber modules and dense lining, thereby achieving a balance between thermal insulation performance, structural strength, and ease of maintenance. Waste heat utilization from the hydrogen power supply unit can be coupled to the inlet gas preheating or external drying stage through a heat exchanger to achieve energy recovery.

[0026] In this embodiment, by employing zoned closed-loop control based on multi-point temperature detection around the furnace body, a radiation geometric adaptive layout consisting of heating tubes 410 surrounding the material rack and adjustment mechanism 50, and linkage control of valve body 20 during glue discharge and steady-state stages, the technical problems in the prior art, such as the difficulty in achieving a balanced temperature field due to the fixed arrangement of heating components, the difficulty in suppressing non-uniform convection disturbances caused by glue discharge, and the inability to compensate for local temperature drops and temperature differences in a timely manner, are effectively solved. This achieves the technical effects of sufficient glue discharge, controlled temperature difference, balanced temperature field, and improved energy utilization, significantly enhancing the consistency of batch products and improving the level of automation throughout the entire process.

[0027] In some embodiments, the temperature sensor 60 is a thermocouple sensor, and the extension direction of the thermocouple sensor is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0028] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the adjustment mechanism 50 further includes a central tube 510, a guide plate 520, a drive plate 530, a plurality of adjustment frames 540, and a plurality of moving parts 550. A central tube 510 is disposed on the inner wall of the sintering cavity 110 on the side where the first opening is located. The axis of the central tube 510 is coaxial with the center line of the first opening. One end of the central tube 510 is connected to the first opening, and the other end of the central tube 510 is connected to the sintering cavity 110. A guide plate 520 is fixedly sleeved on the central tube 510. Several sets of first guide grooves 521 are equally spaced in a circular array with the center of the guide plate 520 as the center. The extension direction of the first guide grooves 521 is configured to point towards or away from the central tube 510. A drive plate 530 is rotatably sleeved on the central tube 510 and rotates under control. Several sets of drive grooves 531 are equally spaced in a circular array with the center of the drive plate 530 as the center. The number of drive grooves 531 is the same as the number of first guide grooves 521, and they are paired one-to-one. Furthermore, the axis of the drive plate 530 is collinear with the axis of the guide plate 520; each of the adjustment frames 540 corresponds one-to-one with each group of the first guide grooves 521 and each group of the drive grooves 531. Each adjustment frame 540 includes at least one frame body 541 and a drive shaft 542 disposed at one end of the frame body 541. The number of all the frame bodies 541 is the same as the number of the heating tubes 410 and each carries the corresponding heating tube 410. The end of the drive shaft 542 away from the frame body 541 passes through the first guide groove 521 and is aligned with the drive groove 531, and the end of the drive shaft 542 away from the frame body 541 is the adjustment end; each moving member 550 is movably connected to each of the drive shafts 542 and is controlled to move along the first direction, so as to drive the adjustment frame 540 to move synchronously along the first direction when moving along the first direction. When the adjustment mechanism 50 is in operation, the moving member 550 drives the adjustment frame 540 to move toward the direction of the first opening so that the drive shaft 542 is inserted into the drive groove 531. Then, when the drive plate 530 is rotated in a controlled manner, the inner wall of the drive groove 531 abuts against the drive shaft 542, so as to force the drive shaft 542 to move along the extension direction of the first guide groove 521.

[0029] Specifically: The adjustment mechanism 50 is located on the side of the first opening of the furnace body 10. The central tube 510 is made of high-temperature resistant metal or ceramic composite material and is axially fixed along the inner wall of the furnace body 10. The inner cavity of the tube is connected to the sintering chamber 110, and the end near the outside of the furnace is sealed to the first opening. The outer surface of the tube is provided with a heat-resistant sealing gasket and a positioning ring. The guide plate 520 is an annular disc, coaxially fitted outside the central tube 510, and connected to the load-bearing frame of the furnace body 10 through a heat-insulating support to reduce the conduction of thermal stress. The guide plate 520 has a first guide groove 521 arranged in an annular array with its own center as the center. The groove shape can be a straight groove, and the extension direction of the groove is oriented towards or away from the central tube 510 to achieve radial guidance. The drive plate 530 is a rotatable annular disc, coaxially mounted on the outside of the central tube 510 with the guide plate 520. It is limited by a heat-resistant bearing and a positioning ring. The drive plate 530 is provided with drive grooves 531 that correspond one-to-one with the first guide grooves 521. The edges of the drive grooves 531 are treated with wear-resistant hardening to withstand surface or line contact with the end of the drive shaft 542. Each adjustment frame 540 has an arc-shaped or U-shaped support structure. One end is a frame 541 that supports the heating tube 410 and is provided with a heat-resistant insulation pad and an elastic clamp 552 to accommodate the thermal expansion of the heating tube 410. The other end is provided with a drive shaft 542. The drive shaft 542 passes through the first guide groove 521 along the normal direction and is aligned with the drive groove 531. Its outer end serves as the adjustment end. The movable component 550 is arranged along the first direction, with one end extending through a through hole in the furnace body 10 to the outside of the furnace body 10. The other end, located outside the furnace body 10, is connected to the telescopic end of a drive component arranged outside the furnace body 10, thereby providing a linear forward or backward stroke along the first direction. The rotation of the drive plate 530 is driven by an actuation unit located outside the furnace body 10. The drive plate 530 is provided with a guide shaft coaxial with it. An arc-shaped groove is opened at a corresponding position in the furnace body 10 for the guide shaft to pass through. One end of the guide shaft extends through the arc-shaped groove to the outside of the furnace body 10 and is connected to a braking unit arranged outside the furnace body 10. Under the control of the braking unit and in cooperation with the actuation unit, the guide shaft moves in a controlled manner along the arc-shaped groove, thereby driving the drive plate 530 to rotate around the axis of the central tube 510, realizing the zoned linkage drive of the adjustment frame 540.

[0030] Furthermore, to ensure the airtightness and safety of the cavity during the glue removal stage, the furnace body 10 is equipped with a follow-up sealing structure on the outside and the extended part of the guide shaft, forming a follow-up sealing constraint on the through hole and the arc groove, so that the guide shaft and the moving part 550 maintain a relatively sealed state during reciprocating and rotating processes, avoiding leakage of organic volatiles and hot gases and reducing the heat load on external components.

[0031] After the material rack is positioned in the furnace through the second opening, the controller performs closed-loop tracking of the temperature of each zone according to the target temperature curve of the glue discharge stage. When geometric radiation compensation is required for a certain circumferential zone, the moving part 550 advances along the first direction, causing the corresponding adjusting frame 540 to move towards the first opening side. The end of the drive shaft 542 is inserted into the drive groove 531 and abuts against its inner wall. Subsequently, the drive plate 530 rotates under control according to the set angular displacement. The drive groove 531 applies a tangential component force and a normal constraint to the drive shaft 542, forcing the drive shaft 542 to move along the extension direction of the first guide groove 521. Since the first guide groove 521 points towards the center tube 510, the adjusting frame 540 retracts radially inward or expands radially outward, causing the corresponding heating tube 410 to move closer to or away from the material rack. By coordinating the stroke of the moving part 550 with the angular displacement of the drive plate 530, the radial displacement and the circumferential zone can be linked for adjustment, forming synchronous or differentiated position control of single or multiple heating tubes 410. During reset, the drive plate 530 returns to its initial angular position, the moving part 550 retracts in the reverse direction, and the drive shaft 542 exits the drive groove 531 and is limited by the guide plate 520. The entire process can be executed quickly before and after the occurrence of discharge atmosphere and temperature disturbances, so that the radiation apparent factor and near-wall convection path of the material rack periphery maintain a dynamic relationship consistent with the target temperature curve.

[0032] In this embodiment, due to the use of a composite mechanism of a guide plate 520 and a rotatable drive plate 530 arranged coaxially with the central tube 510, geometric limiting and mechanical transmission with the mutual cooperation of the first guide groove 521 and the drive groove 531, and the synergistic technical means of axial insertion and decoupling achieved by the moving part 550, the technical problems of the heating tube 410 being difficult to adjust quickly and accurately relative to the material rack during the glue discharge stage, large single-zone compensation coupling and poor repeatability positioning accuracy in the prior art are effectively solved. Thus, predictable and reproducible control of circumferential zones and radial gaps is achieved, making the temperature around the material rack more closely match the target temperature curve and significantly suppressing the temperature disturbance and non-uniform convection effect caused by glue discharge.

[0033] It should be noted that the positional adjustment of each heating tube 410 relative to the material rack is achieved under the premise that the clamping position of the material rack on the loading platform 30 is known. The loading platform 30 is provided with a reference surface, positioning pins and limit blocks for constraining the posture, so that the material rack forms a repeatable positioning relationship during loading. After the loading platform 30 enters the sintering chamber 110, the relative reference between the loading platform 30 and the furnace body 10 is established by a combination of position detection and stroke encoding. The initial position of the loading platform 30 relative to each heating tube 410 is directly given by the calibration relationship table. Based on this, the controller determines the initial gap and relative orientation between each heating tube 410 and the material rack before operation, and maps the stroke of the moving part 550 and the angular displacement of the drive plate 530 into radial and circumferential displacement commands for the heating tube 410. During the glue removal stage, the controller uses the initial alignment as the zero point and combines the target temperature curve with real-time temperature feedback to perform position closed-loop and power fine-tuning, so that the heating tubes 410 of each zone move closer to or further away from the material rack along a predetermined path, thereby ensuring the repeatability and tracking accuracy of the position adjustment process.

[0034] Furthermore, in some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 The movable component 550 includes a lifting rod 551 and a clamping component 552. The lifting rod 551 moves in a controlled manner along a first direction, and its axis is parallel to the first direction. The clamping component 552 is disposed at one end of the lifting rod 551 and located between the drive plate 530 and the guide plate 520. The clamping component 552 has a through-hole second guide groove 5521, the extension direction of which is consistent with the first guide groove 521. The drive shaft 542 has an annular protrusion 5421 on its circumference and is located between the clamping component 552 and the drive plate 530. When the adjusting mechanism 50 is in operation, the clamping component 552 moves along the first direction with the lifting rod 551 and abuts against the annular protrusion 5421, thereby driving the adjusting frame 540 to move along the first direction and inserting the drive shaft 542 into the drive groove 531. The adjusting frame 540 also includes a limiting end disposed on the side of the frame 541 near the second opening. The sintering furnace further includes a limiting member 543, which is disposed on the inner wall of the sintering chamber 110 with the second opening side and corresponds one-to-one with each of the adjusting frames 540. The limiting member 543 is provided with a third guide groove 5431, the extension direction of which is consistent with the extension direction of the first guide groove 521. When the adjusting frame 540 moves along the extension direction of the first guide groove 521, the limiting end is inserted into the third guide groove 5431, so that the side of the adjusting frame 540 near the second opening can only move along the extension direction of the first guide groove 521.

[0035] Specifically: The axis of the lifting rod 551 is parallel to the first direction. The rod body passes through the furnace wall through-hole via a heat-resistant guide sleeve and a sealing element, achieving linear reciprocating motion while maintaining airtightness. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the movement mode of the lifting rod 551 is consistent with the driving mode of the aforementioned moving part 550, both being provided with linear reciprocating stroke by the telescopic end of the driver arranged outside the furnace body 10. The lifting rod 551 is detachably connected to the telescopic end of the driver via the furnace wall through-hole. A follow-up seal and guide sleeve are provided at the through-hole to ensure airtightness and coaxiality. A thermal isolation pad and a flexible connector are provided between the driver end and the lifting rod 551 to reduce the impact of heat conduction and assembly deviation on stroke accuracy. The controller adopts a unified stroke calibration and zero-point reset strategy for the two types of execution units, and issues displacement commands based on the partition error criterion of the same target temperature curve, thereby achieving coordinated control of position closed-loop and power fine-tuning during the glue removal stage, ensuring the consistency of the action mode, response characteristics, and safety interlock of the lifting rod 551 and the moving part 550. The clamping member 552 is located between the drive plate 530 and the guide plate 520. It is an annular or saddle-shaped support with a through second guide groove 5521 on the side facing the guide plate 520. The extension direction of the second guide groove 5521 is consistent with that of the first guide groove 521, which is used to provide smooth guidance for the insertion and withdrawal of the drive shaft 542. The drive shaft 542 is located at the outer end of the adjusting frame 540. An annular protrusion 5421 is provided on the circumferential surface near the drive plate 530. The annular protrusion 5421 is located between the clamping member 552 and the drive plate 530. The side of the protrusion is hardened or fitted with a wear-resistant ring to withstand the pushing force of the clamping member 552 and the lateral reaction force of the drive plate 530. Each adjusting frame 540 carries the corresponding heating tube 410. The frame body 541 forms a limiting end near the second opening. On the inner wall of the sintering chamber 110 on the second opening side of the furnace body 10, limiting members 543 are provided corresponding to each adjusting frame 540. A third guide groove 5431 is formed on the limiting member 543, and the extension direction of the third guide groove 5431 is consistent with the first guide groove 521. This is used to constrain and guide the movement of the adjusting frame 540 near the second opening side. The drive plate 530 is a rotatable annular disc, coaxially fitted outside the central tube 510. Drive grooves 531 corresponding to the first guide grooves 521 are provided on the disc surface. The guide plate 520 is fixed outside the central tube 510, with the first guide grooves 521 evenly distributed and paired with the drive grooves 531 in the same direction. The loading platform 30 provides a reference positioning for the material rack. After entering the furnace, the initial position of the loading platform 30 relative to each heating tube 410 is known and used as the zero point for position control.

[0036] When the glue discharge stage starts, the controller calls the target temperature curve and reads the temperature signals arranged around the material rack. Based on the temperature difference deviation criteria of each zone, it selects the circumferential zone that needs compensation and issues a position adjustment command. The lifting rod 551 advances along the first direction, and the clamping member 552 moves forward accordingly and aligns with the annular protrusion 5421 on the outer end of the drive shaft 542 through the second guide groove 5521. After contact, the adjusting frame 540 is pushed along the first direction, so that the end of the drive shaft 542 is inserted into the corresponding drive groove 531 and abuts against its inner wall. Subsequently, the drive plate 530 rotates in a controlled manner according to the set angular displacement. The drive groove 531 applies a tangential component force and a normal constraint to the drive shaft 542, forcing the drive shaft 542 to move along the extension direction of the first guide groove 521, thereby causing the adjusting frame 540 to move radially closer or further away from the material rack. The limiting end of the adjusting frame 540 near the second opening is fully inserted into the third guide groove 5431, and can only move in the same direction as the first guide groove 521 to avoid unwanted tilting or twisting. After the position is in place, the controller makes a slight adjustment to the heating power of the partition based on temperature feedback to ensure that the temperature around the material rack closely follows the target temperature curve. When it is necessary to decouple the mechanical coupling of the partition, the drive plate 530 returns to the initial angular position, the lifting rod 551 retracts in the opposite direction, the clamping member 552 disengages from the annular protrusion 5421, the drive shaft 542 exits the drive groove 531 and is limited by the guide plate 520, and the partition reset is completed.

[0037] Before lifting and pushing, the system verifies the positioning status of the loading platform 30 and the material rack, the zero point and stroke margin of the lifting rod 551, and the alignment of the clamping part 552 and the drive shaft 542. After inserting into the drive slot 531, the system estimates the position based on the calibration relationship between the angular displacement of the drive plate 530 and the radial displacement of the adjusting frame 540, and simultaneously limits the disturbance of the valve body 20 opening to ensure that the temperature fluctuation during insertion is controllable. During the reset phase, the system monitors the complete withdrawal of the drive shaft 542 and the return of the limit end to the neutral zone of the third guide slot 5431, and then releases the interlock of this zone. The entire process uses the known initial position as a reference to achieve a coordinated closed loop of position and temperature loops.

[0038] This structure is designed for high-temperature and volatile-containing conditions during the glue removal stage. The lifting rod 551, clamping component 552, drive shaft 542, and guide pair must be made of heat-resistant, wear-resistant, and low-adhesion materials or have undergone surface treatment. The sealing components must be compatible with thermal cycling and organic atmospheres. The installation area should have good ventilation and exhaust gas purification conditions, and maintain a safe distance from the power supply and heat exchange units. The clamping accuracy and repeatability of the loading platform 30 should meet the positioning consistency requirements for zone compensation.

[0039] The clamping member 552 can adopt an open ring type, dovetail type, or roller support type structure to reduce pushing friction and suppress wear; the second guide groove 5521 and the first guide groove 521 can be designed as straight lines to achieve linear or nonlinear displacement response; the annular protrusion 5421 can be replaced with a detachable wear-resistant collar for easy maintenance; the limiting member 543 can adopt an embedded type, integral machining type, or adjustable pre-tightening type structure to adapt to different guiding accuracy and thermal expansion compensation strategies; the lifting rod 551 is actuated by electric actuation, pneumatic actuation, or hydraulic actuation, and the end can be equipped with a flexible connector to absorb thermal displacement; a buffer pad and stroke limit can be added between the drive plate 530 and the guide plate 520 to avoid abnormal impact.

[0040] In this embodiment, due to the adoption of an axial insertion mechanism composed of a lifting rod 551 and a clamping member 552, low-friction insertion and withdrawal achieved by the second guide groove 5521 cooperating with the first guide groove 521, stable force transmission achieved by the annular protrusion 5421, and unidirectional constraint of the adjusting frame 540 by the third guide groove 5431 of the limiting member 543, the technical problems of large coupling of partitioned pose adjustment, difficult insertion alignment, radial and axial motion crosstalk and poor repeatability positioning accuracy in the prior art are effectively solved. Thus, predictable and reproducible control based on a known initial position is achieved, making the position adjustment of the heating tube 410 relative to the material rack faster and more stable, the temperature of the material rack periphery more closely matches the target temperature curve, and significantly suppressing the temperature disturbance and non-uniform convection effect caused by glue discharge.

[0041] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 The sintering furnace also includes a ventilation fan 70, which is located on the gas path outside the first opening and outside the valve body 20. The ventilation fan 70 is connected to the controller and is controlled to operate.

[0042] Specifically: A gas path assembly is installed outside the first opening of the sintering furnace. The gas path includes a valve body 20, a connecting pipe section, and a ventilation fan 70. The ventilation fan 70 is installed on a support frame outside the furnace body 10 and is connected to the pipe section through vibration damping pads and flexible high-temperature resistant joints to absorb equipment vibration and thermal expansion displacement. The ventilation fan 70 preferably uses a high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant material for its fan body and protective cover. The motor adopts an explosion-proof and insulated structure, and a wear-resistant lining is installed between the impeller and the casing to reduce the erosion of the flow channel by concentrated volatiles. To ensure airtightness and convenient maintenance, a high-temperature resistant sealing gasket and a quick-locking component are installed at the gas path flange. A tail gas purification unit and a silencer assembly can be connected in parallel on the fan outlet side. The controller is connected to the ventilation fan 70 through a frequency converter or speed control module, collects temperature and pressure difference signals from the furnace body 10 and the gas path, and uses the fan speed as an adjustable actuator to coordinate with the valve body 20 opening for control.

[0043] After the material rack is placed into the furnace and sealed by the loading platform 30, the controller calls the target temperature curve for the glue removal stage. Based on the surrounding temperature measurement signal, it performs closed-loop adjustment of the temperature difference in each zone, adopts linkage compensation of the power and relative position of the heating tube 410, and achieves passive drainage of volatiles and maintenance of cavity pressure difference by using a small opening of the valve body 20. During this stage, the ventilation fan 70 remains closed, and the start / stop and speed commands of the fan in the control logic are shielded to avoid introducing additional convection disturbances that would affect the tracking of the surrounding temperature to the target curve. After the glue removal and subsequent heating and heat preservation steps are completed, the system enters the cooling stage, and the temperature drops below the set safety threshold, the controller releases the shield and slowly starts the ventilation fan 70. Through a gradual speed curve and the valve body 20 opening, a stable drainage flow is established to track the cooling target curve. At the same time, the position of the heating tube 410 is reset to the neutral safety gap to suppress local hot spots and thermal stress gradients. During the cooling process, the fan speed and valve body 20 opening are finely adjusted by a dual closed loop based on pressure difference and temperature slope. In case of abnormality, an interlock strategy of fan deceleration and valve body 20 reduction is implemented to ensure airtightness and safety boundaries.

[0044] The controller sets up a state machine during the desiccant discharge phase, locking the fan control. Power on the fan and speed adjustment are only permitted after the sintering process is completed and the temperature and gas conditions are met. Valve body 20 is solely responsible for controlling the gas path opening during the desiccant discharge phase, decoupled from the fan. During the cooling phase, the coordinated control curve of the fan and valve body 20 is activated, maintaining interlocks with the loading platform 30, furnace door status, and exhaust gas purification pressure loss. To ensure consistent position control, the heating element 410 is reset and zero-point checked before the fan is activated, ensuring that the macroscopic flow field generated by the fan does not superimpose on the fine radiation geometry compensation process.

[0045] In this embodiment, by employing a segmented control technique that shields the fan during the glue removal stage, relies solely on the valve body 20 for passive guide removal, compensates for temperature differences by adjusting the power and position of the heating tube 410, and then activates the fan and valve body 20 to collaboratively track the cooling curve during the cooling stage, the non-uniform convection and temperature disturbance problems caused by the fan extraction during the glue removal period in the prior art are effectively solved. This achieves stable tracking of the target temperature curve during the glue removal stage and efficient controlled cooling during the cooling stage, thereby simultaneously improving product consistency and process safety.

[0046] Furthermore, it should be noted that the metal slurry ceramic plate includes a green body, which refers to a green body formed by the bonding of ceramic powder of the ceramic plate with organic binders and / or solvents contained in the metal slurry, and which has not undergone sintering densification treatment. The sintering furnace also includes a gas pressure sensor and a gas composition sensor. The gas pressure sensor is disposed on the gas path outside the first opening and located between the valve body 20 and the ventilation fan 70 to obtain the atmospheric pressure within the sintering chamber 110; the gas composition sensor is disposed on the gas path outside the first opening to obtain the gas composition within the sintering chamber 110. Furthermore, in order to improve the final sintering quality of the metal slurry ceramic plate, based on the above scheme, a control method for the sintering furnace is proposed, which includes the following steps:

[0047] Step S100: Obtain the thickness of the chloroplast The effective heat exchange area of ​​the green body The mass of the chloroplast The specific heat of the chloroplast The initial gel content of the chloroplast The initial porosity of the chloroplast The pore permeability of the chloroplast The calibration relationship, the permissible pore pressure threshold of the green body The calibration relationship, the gas viscosity in the sintering chamber 110 The gas density within the sintering chamber 110 The calibration curve, the air pressure inside the sintering chamber 110 Maximum permissible temperature difference Hardware temperature rise slope limit The surface emissivity of the heating tube 410 Stefan-Boltzmann constant Visual factor-distance calibration curve and thermogravimetric curve ;

[0048] Step S200: Based on the thickness of the chloroplast The effective heat exchange area of ​​the green body The mass of the chloroplast The specific heat of the chloroplast The initial gel content of the chloroplast The initial porosity of the chloroplast The calibration relationship of the pore permeability of the chloroplasts The calibration relationship of the permissible pore pressure threshold of the green body Temperature calibration curve of gas viscosity in the sintering chamber 110 Temperature calibration curve of gas density in the sintering chamber 110 The atmospheric pressure inside the sintering chamber 110 The maximum permissible temperature difference The upper limit of the hardware temperature rise slope The surface emissivity of the heating tube 410 Stefan-Boltzmann constant Visual factor-distance calibration curve and thermogravimetric curves Determine the target temperature profile;

[0049] Step S300: Control the operation of the regulating mechanism 50 and the heating mechanism 40 according to the target temperature curve and each of the temperature sensors 60.

[0050] The parameters in step S100 can be determined by the following methods:

[0051] Green body thickness This can be obtained by: if the metal paste ceramic plate is a plate and has a regular geometry: the tool uses a resolution... Use a micrometer or thickness gauge. Measure the thickness at five points: the four corners and the center of the sheet metal. Take the average If required, by process temperature Correction (considering thermal expansion), using the coefficient of linear expansion. approximate: in, The nominal thickness of a chloroplast at room temperature; :temperature Lower equivalent thickness; Coefficient of linear expansion; Process temperature. If the metal paste ceramic plate is a plate with complex / multi-layered edges, the thickness of the frame can be measured by projection / calipers in conjunction with local slice measurement, or the average cross-sectional thickness can be obtained directly by coordinate measuring machine / laser displacement scanning, and the average value can be obtained according to the above formula.

[0052] Effective heat exchange area (The visible surface area of ​​the green body relative to the furnace gas / radiation) can be obtained in the following way:

[0053] Approximate length of the sheet metal ,Width ,thick : in, : The visible surface area of ​​the green body and the furnace atmosphere / radiation. If there are obstructions (material rack claws, baffles), deduct from the corresponding obstructed area; sum for each piece when loading multiple pieces. Complex geometry: derive the surface area based on the CAD model; or sum the areas of the surface patches composed of measured external dimensions.

[0054] Batch consistency: Create a "specification-area" table for the first piece and call it in batches.

[0055] Green body quality (The total mass of the green body loaded into the furnace in this batch) can be obtained in the following way: Tool: Precision An electronic balance. Sampling conditions: room temperature and humidity; if free water is present, first... After drying for 30 to 60 minutes to remove surface water, weigh the product (avoid damaging the adhesive). For multiple loads: weigh each product individually or take an average of the weights. Total mass .in, : number of pieces; Average mass per unit.

[0056] Specific heat of chloroplasts (Isobaric specific heat with temperature) can be obtained as follows: via DSC calibration (similar to ASTM E1269): Instrument: Differential scanning calorimeter (aluminum crucible / inert gas). Using sapphire as a standard sample, the heating rate... , interval Calculation: Output Stored as a piecewise polynomial: Alternatively, it can be obtained through mixing when the formulation is known. Powder volume fraction. Adhesive volume fraction : in, : Fit coefficient; : Ceramic phase, binder volume fraction; Specific heats are taken from material handbooks or existing DSC data.

[0057] Initial glue content It can be obtained through the following means: Instrument: Thermogravimetric analyzer (inert atmosphere N2) / Ar). Sampling: Take samples from the same batch of chloroplasts. .program: , Calculate: Initial and final mass , Solvent extraction verification: Organic matter was extracted with a solvent (such as ethanol / acetone), dried, and then weighed again. Perform cross-validation. Among them, : Total mass of initial organic binder / solvent in chloroplasts; TGA start / end quality; : Mass fraction of adhesive content.

[0058] initial porosity It can be obtained through the following method: volume density-true density method: volume density , Determined from geometric dimensions (or by displacement method). True density. Measured using a helium hydrometer (gas displacement method). Porosity: Orifice correction: If the orifice accounts for a high percentage, use Archimedes' method (liquid immersion) to correct the volume. .in, Total porosity in the sense of chloroplast volume fraction; Volume density; True density of the solid phase; External dimensions and volume.

[0059] Pore ​​permeability-porosity calibration This can be obtained through the following method: Darcy steady-state permeability test: Fixture: effective cross-sectional area Sample thickness Upstream and downstream pressures Volumetric flow meter ,temperature Gas used: The same control gas as the process gas. Several samples were prepared under different forming pressures / pre-sintering treatments. Horizontal green body samples, measured one by one Calculation (Darcy's Law): Fit (Kozeny-Carman experience): in: The mean particle size (measured by a laser particle size analyzer) is obtained using least squares fitting. (Kozeny constant); or directly using Perform polynomial / power-law fitting, store in a table, and then perform calculations. Darcy permeability of gas; : thickness of the air-permeable sample (compared to the thickness of the chloroplast) distinguish); : The cross-sectional area of ​​the sample subjected to flow; Pressure difference between upstream and downstream; viscosity The possible values ​​are described later.

[0060] Permissible pore pressure threshold - temperature / porosity calibration This can be obtained as follows: the mechanical strength test is achieved through equivalent pore pressure conversion. Sample: a bending sample consistent with the chloroplast formulation (e.g., ...). Equipment: High-temperature three-point bending device, test temperature coverage. Obtain the bending strength. (Grouped according to the porosity of the samples).

[0061] Experience conversion factor Acquisition: Differential pressure bubbling test: Prepare a thin plate, pressurize the back cavity, and record the cavity pressure at the first bubbling / cracking. Synchronous recording ,Pick The mean or conservative quantile; or process calibration: gradually increase the heating rate in the test furnace until microcracks appear, and obtain the peak pore pressure from the corresponding model. Based on this, we can deduce... Final Relationship: The maximum equivalent pore pressure allowed within the channel (to prevent bubbling / cracking); : Equivalent bending / tensile strength of green bodies; Force-pressure conversion factor (conservative value).

[0062] gas viscosity Gas density The temperature curve can be obtained as follows: based on calculations of the process gas composition and temperature, corrected by a composition sensor if necessary. Assume the mixture consists of components... (like (and trace amounts of volatile matter) volume fraction Composition. Density (approximate to ideal gas):

[0063] Viscosity (Wilke mixing method): The viscosity of each pure component is known. (Sutherland / Chapman-Enskog formula), Mixed viscosity:

[0064] Component acquisition: If only a "control gas" (such as nitrogen) is used and the ratio is fixed: Set The value is constant; if a gas composition sensor is configured: the value is updated based on real-time readings. Calibration curves: Discretized according to process temperature zones. Calculate and store Used for table lookup. Among them, : Viscosity of the gas mixture; : Gas density; : Cavity pressure; Gas constant; Molar mass of the component; : Viscosity of pure components (obtained from Sutherland / Chapman-Enskog); Volume fraction; :Wilke interaction term.

[0065] Atmospheric pressure (The absolute or relative pressure of the gas in the sintering chamber 110 / gas path (according to selection), used for pore pressure safety and flow estimation), can be obtained as follows: Sensor: Absolute / gauge pressure transmitter installed outside the first opening, in the gas path between valve body 20 and ventilation fan 70, with heat insulation / condensation bend. Calibration: Two-point / three-point calibration using atmospheric pressure and known pressure points; temperature compensation according to manufacturer's instructions. Reading: Direct reading from the controller, with smoothing filtering if necessary (e.g., first-order low-pass filter, time constant). ).

[0066] Maximum permissible temperature difference The maximum allowable temperature difference between different sections can be obtained through an engineering-determined method (material / geometry related). Non-uniform heating (or jet cooling) is applied to both sides of the test furnace, and the temperature difference is gradually increased. Until microcracks appear, record the critical point. ; Or take advantage of the material's thermal expansion Young's modulus Poisson's ratio Fracture strength According to the approximation of thermal stress in a flat plate: .in: The aforementioned can be used Instead of taking the conservative approach, Thermal stress estimation; Young's modulus; Poisson's ratio; : Fracture strength; Safety factor. Upper limit of hardware temperature rise slope. (The maximum allowable rate of temperature rise of the device under specified loading and clearance conditions) The temperature can be obtained in the following way (no-load / half-load step test): Set the upper limit of the surface temperature of heating tube 410. In different Perform step heating under (neutral gap) and record the controlled region. initial slope The maximum sustainable slope that will not cause overshoot / overcurrent is selected as... And multiplied by a safety factor After batch loading, a second check is performed, and the smaller value prevails.

[0067] Surface emissivity of heating tube 410 This can be achieved through the following method: thermocouple-infrared comparison calibration: in a static furnace, stabilize the surface of the heating tube 410 at several temperature points. (Measured using a mounted thermocouple). Simultaneously, readings are taken using an infrared thermometer with adjustable emissivity. ,adjust make ,Record Piecewise linear / polynomial fitting (The surface of heating element 410 at temperature) Lower hemispherical emissivity; Surface temperature of heating element 410; (Infrared inversion temperature) is stored in the table; if the surface treatment is changed, it needs to be re-labeled.

[0068] Stefan-Boltzmann constant Physical constants can be obtained in the following ways: It can be used directly as a constant.

[0069] Visual factor-distance calibration curve This can be obtained through geometric calculations and empirical verification. Calculation: Based on the relative positions of the heating tube 410 (approximately cylindrical / ringed) and the plate (rectangular plate), the inter-surface apparent factor is solved using a closed-loop or numerical method; if no readily available analytical solution is available, it is obtained using a Monte Carlo ray tracing / radiation network. (Geometric apparent factor between heating tube 410 and green body (as a function of distance)) (The variation of the nearest normal distance or equivalent distance from heating tube 410 to the green body) point series, fitted as

[0070] Verification: Under normal atmospheric pressure and static atmosphere, fixed Low slope heating, change And record steady state ,Depend on Inverse solution Compare with calculated values ​​and make fine adjustments. .

[0071] in, : Empirical fit coefficient; Radiative heat flow; : Green body characteristic temperature (represented by the measurement point represented by the surrounding thermocouple).

[0072] thermogravimetric curve (Mass of residual organic matter with temperature) can be obtained as follows: see TGA test, export and Save as a lookup table or polynomial / spline function for use with S200 slope limits and insulation criteria.

[0073] Among the above parameters (The coefficient for converting flexural strength to equivalent pore pressure) is calibrated once according to the aforementioned "differential pressure bubbling / process calibration", taking a conservative percentile; This represents the rate of weight loss per unit temperature increase (reflecting adhesive expulsion strength). Kozeny constant. or The regression coefficients: obtained through multi-point regression using the Darcy experiment described above, R0 2 Then frozen. and The calibration version number is obtained by following the offline calibration → online verification process described above, and a traceable calibration version number is generated.

[0074] The target temperature curve in step S200 can be obtained through the following steps:

[0075] Based on the pore permeability calibration relationship of green bodies, the allowable pore pressure threshold calibration relationship, the temperature calibration curves of gas viscosity and gas density in sintering chamber 110, and the atmosphere pressure, the upper limit of the temperature change rate to avoid exceeding the pore pressure threshold at different temperatures is determined. Combined with the maximum allowable temperature difference, the upper limit of the hardware heating slope, the surface emissivity of heating tube 410, the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and the apparent factor-distance calibration curve, the upper limit of the temperature change rate limited by temperature difference and hardware capability at different temperatures is determined. The smaller of the two upper limits is used as the limiting condition for the corresponding temperature. The temperature-time relationship is generated and its consistency is checked using the thermogravimetric curve to determine the target temperature curve.

[0076] Specifically, step S210: Data discretization and preprocessing.

[0077] upper and lower limits of temperature range (like and In this embodiment, the upper limit of the binder removal temperature of the metal slurry ceramic plate during the sintering process is... Time step (For example: Temperature step (like Procedure: Generate a temperature mesh. For thermogravimetric curves Perform numerical differentiation. To suppress noise, first use Savitzky-Golay smoothing (window width...). Take odd numbers, recommended (Polynomial order 2), then central difference:

[0078] Determining the window / order: Calculate the standard deviation of differential noise in the stationary segment ,adjust Until No longer significantly decreased (empirically) Increase the noise level until it improves by less than 10%, then freeze.

[0079] Step S220: Weight loss peak threshold and insulation termination condition. Substitute the values ​​from step S100... , .

[0080] (1) Weight loss rate threshold (used for whether to keep warm):

[0081] in: This is the differential noise estimated in the previous step; The 3σ discrimination method (obtained directly from the statistics in step S210) is as follows:

[0082] Objective: To define a "weightlessness rate threshold". Inside A data-driven determination method ensures that "non-decomposition noise" is almost never misjudged as "weight loss peaks" that require insulation.

[0083] 1. (Take a "noise" sample).

[0084] Select a temperature range during the stable phase before glue removal begins. (For example Or the interval before the TGA curve first shows a significant decline. For the entire curve... First, perform Savitzky-Golay smoothing (window). Take an odd number, preferably 11-21 (order 2), and then use the central difference to calculate. Only the derivative sample set is extracted from the stationary segment: .

[0085] 2. Estimation (“Noise Scale”) ).

[0086] Conventional estimation generally .

[0087] Robust estimation (for a small number of outliers): Calculate first ,Again .

[0088] 3. (Regarding "allowable false alarm rate") become ).

[0089] like Approximately normal (Shapiro-Wilk or KS test can be performed) Given the target "false positive probability" (The probability of treating pure noise as a peak is taken in engineering.) (i.e., 0.27%), then:

[0090] when hour, This is known as the "3σ criterion".

[0091] like Non-normal distribution: Use empirical quantiles directly to set the threshold.

[0092] Then Backwards This is just for record-keeping. This ensures that "during the stable phase, only..." The probability of it being triggered falsely.

[0093] Conclusion: Once the statistics in step S210 are completed, the results are available. Select the expected false alarm rate. (Suggested 0.27%), which can be obtained directly using the above formula. (normal time) (For non-normal distributions, use the empirical 99.73% quantile).

[0094] (2) Permissible residual adhesive ratio (one of the conditions for termination of insulation): (e.g., 1-2%).

[0095] Method of obtaining: Perform a small-scale isothermal replenishment test (TGA isothermal 30-60 min) on a sample with the same formulation to verify the residual adhesive. Subsequent sintering density / electrical properties are qualified; the maximum acceptable residual binder that meets the quality requirements is taken as... .

[0096] (3) Maximum heat preservation time (Termination condition two):

[0097] Method of obtaining: at a representative temperature Perform isothermal TGA at the center of the main weightlessness peak temperature region and fit first-order kinetics. The time constant is obtained. .Pick (3 time constants, residual <5%)

[0098] The specific method is as follows:

[0099] When entering the heat preservation ( When setting a maximum heat preservation time, an upper limit should be given for when the temperature should be increased further. Ensure that the residual adhesive is low enough. (Scale), without needlessly dragging out the time.

[0100] (1) Select a representative temperature From the already smoothed Find the dominant unbound peak (the peak with the largest area or height), and take its position as: If there are multiple similar peaks, the center temperature of the peak with the largest mass loss area can be taken.

[0101] (2) Perform isothermal TGA experiments. Conditions: same atmosphere as the process; rise at a relatively fast slope to (To avoid premature decomposition), then record at a constant temperature. It tends to plateau. Initial / Final value: (Just arrived) hour), (Platform average over a long period of time).

[0102] (3) The time constant is obtained by fitting the first-order dynamics. Fitting using nonlinear least squares (such as the LM algorithm): Initial value suggestion: Take the time to reach 63% decay; Fit quality requirement: coefficient of determination The residuals are not systematic. If a single first-order reaction does not fit well (e.g., (Or the residuals are systematic biases), so two items are connected in parallel at first level: Choose between a 1-term or 2-term model using AIC / BIC; then define:

[0103] (4) Specify the upper limit of heat preservation time: reason: , that is to At that time, the remaining fractions that were not decomposed Expressed using residual glue content: Therefore, in the control logic, if the heat preservation reaches... Another termination condition (residual glue allowable ratio) has not yet been met. (This can also be used to determine that continued heating will not significantly impair the adequacy of glue removal.)

[0104] (5) Consistency and safety of multiple batches: Repeat the above isothermal TGA (≥3 times) to obtain the values. The statistical upper bound (such as the P90 quantile) can be used as the batch parameter; if a more conservative process is required, it can be taken as... , This is the safety factor. Among them, : Sample set of derivatives for stationary segments; Its mean and standard deviation; : Median absolute deviation. False alarm probability; Quantitation function of the standard normal distribution; : The empirical quantiles. The main weightless peak represents temperature; : Residual adhesive quality at the start and end of isothermal treatment; : The time constant of isothermal decomposition; : Control the upper limit of insulation. : Amplitudes and time constants of the two first-level models; AIC / BIC: Information Criteria (used for model optimization). Follow the above procedure: One-click output of the distribution statistics based on your own data; It is directly calculated from one (or a small number) isothermal TGA fittings.

[0105] Step S230: Gas property curves and cavity pressure.

[0106] Select step S100 Calibration method, gas composition (Fixed or derived from gas composition sensor), gas pressure .

[0107] If the composition is fixed: calculate and record the mixture node by node according to the mixing rules and formulas in step S100 (Wilke mixing method, ideal gas law) and save the results. The specific steps are as follows:

[0108] Obtain the known parameters from step S100: component volume fraction: (like ), Molar mass of components: (kg·mol) Pure component viscosity model parameters (choose one, Sutherland is recommended); Sutherland: (Pa·s), (K), (K); or Chapman-Enskog / LJ model coefficients (also obtained in step S100); nominal body pressure: (Pa); Universal gas constant: J·mol ·K Temperature grid: settings (K is the number of nodes, in K units; for example, 300-900K, with a step size of 5K).

[0109] Calculate node by node, for each :

[0110] Viscosity of pure components (using Sutherland as an example)

[0111] Wilke Mixed Viscosity:

[0112]

[0113] Average molar mass of the mixture:

[0114] Density (ideal gas):

[0115] Table saving / retrieval implementation: Generating three lists: .

[0116] Save as CSV / EEPROM / controller parameter block; at runtime, use one-dimensional linear interpolation or piecewise spline interpolation to obtain parameters at any temperature. .

[0117] Unit consistency check: Pa, Use K, Pa·s, Using kg·m .

[0118] If a gas composition sensor is subsequently installed, an update is only required before operation. And recalculate the table; S300 can also periodically (e.g., every 10-60 seconds) recalculate the table in real time. refresh.

[0119] If a component sensor is present: record the current information before operation. Calculate the curve; allow updates based on the sensor during step S300.

[0120] The pressure sensor reads the value online; step S200 uses its nominal set value, and step S300 uses the real-time value.

[0121] S240 permeability vs. allowable pore pressure curve:

[0122] Using S100 , .

[0123] Take the porosity of this batch of chloroplasts By looking up the table / substituting the values, we can obtain the following results: The details are as follows:

[0124] In the aforementioned step S100, a permeability-porosity calibration (one of two equivalent forms) has been established:

[0125] Type 1: Analytical model (Kozeny-Carman regression).

[0126]

[0127] in, The equivalent particle size (m) is given by the particle size analyzer. The Kozeny constant (dimensionless) is obtained from the regression.

[0128] Batch actual test By direct substitution, we get (unit: m) ).

[0129] Form 2: Calibration Table ( - (Points and columns).

[0130] have Group data .

[0131] Interpolation: To ensure monotonicity and positive values, it is recommended to... Piecewise linear interpolation in space:

[0132] turn up ,make:

[0133]

[0134] Crossing the boundary: When the range is exceeded, only one-sided linear extrapolation is allowed and an alarm is given; a more prudent approach is to first extend the calibration.

[0135] For each temperature node From the calibration relationship, we get The details are as follows:

[0136] Two calibration steps have been completed in step S100:

[0137] Two-dimensional relationship of high-temperature bending strength was obtained. ;

[0138] (2) The coefficients were obtained by pressure differential bubbling / process calibration. ,Establish:

[0139] Implementation methods (two commonly used and equivalent methods):

[0140] Method 1: Two-dimensional polynomial regression (completed offline in one step).

[0141] Using experimental data Fitting low-order polynomials (up to quadratic recommended):

[0142] Regression yields coefficients (least squares, If insufficient, add a cubic term or use a spline.

[0143] At runtime: for each node Calculate first ,Again

[0144] Method 2: Two-dimensional spline interpolation (better shape preservation).

[0145] Will The data is placed on a regular / irregular grid to construct tensor product splines (regular grid) or thin plate splines / RBF (scatter).

[0146] Runtime: Input Splines are output directly. multiply again . A set of ratios is obtained by back-deriving the "critical crack slope" from the differential pressure bubbling test or process. Take a conservative quantile (e.g., P10) as And fix it to the library value of that recipe / geometry.

[0147] Calibration coefficient acquisition: The regression coefficients (such as the Kozeny constant) The Darcy experiment regression from step S100; In The differential pressure bubbling / process calibration from step S100 is taken as a conservative percentile (e.g., P10).

[0148] The upper limit of the heating slope for step S250 where the orifice pressure does not exceed the limit.

[0149] Obtain from step S100 ,as well as Additional parameter needed: Volatile matter mass coefficient .

[0150] How to obtain:

[0151] Conservative selection: If the TGA residue after 600℃ is an inorganic phase and no solid carbon retention occurs, then take... .

[0152] When carbon residue is present: in inert (N) One TGA was performed for both oxidation (air) and oxidation (air), resulting in poor residual quality. Considered carbon retention, ,but .

[0153] MS / FTIR: directly using the mass fraction of the volatile phase as the integral. .

[0154] Finally, calculate (for each) ):

[0155] Step S260: The upper limit of the heating slope where the temperature difference does not exceed the limit.

[0156] Get .in, The method for obtaining it is as follows:

[0157] Experimental method: Under no-load and representative loading conditions, with the valve body at minimum disturbance state 20, a small power step was performed to identify the near-wall convection coefficient, and the minimum value was taken. The remaining parameters can be obtained from step S100. Calculate (for each) , (Take this temperature value or a piecewise constant).

[0158] S270 overall slope limit and hardware limit.

[0159] Get .

[0160] calculate:

[0161] Unit conversion: If by Given, first convert to Then take the smallest value.

[0162] in, The upper limit of the heating slope for when the pore pressure does not exceed the limit is given by the following formula:

[0163] Each quantity in this formula is obtained from the steps mentioned above:

[0164] (Density of the mixed gas): Calculated from the composition and temperature; , When the composition is fixed, it follows the preset... generate Look up the table; if there is a component sensor, update and recalculate according to the reading composition. (Volume of mixed gas): Wilke mixing method; first obtain using Sutherland / Chapman-Enskog. ,Again Offline generation surface. (Green body permeability): Calibrated by Darcy's air permeability test;

[0165] Form 1: Kozeny-Carman Returns This batch Substitute;

[0166] Form 2: Points, pairs Piecewise linear interpolation yields... .

[0167] (Effective heat exchange area of ​​the green body): Geometric calculation / measurement; rectangular plate For complex shapes, use CAD / measurement to sum the results (excluding those obstructed by the material rack). (Green body thickness): Thickness gauge / micrometer, take the average value from multiple points; adjust for thermal expansion if necessary.

[0168] (Allowable pore pressure threshold): Strength calibration × conversion factor; First establish 2D polynomials / splines, then multiplied (Originally obtained from differential pressure bubbling / process calibration): Runtime for Direct assessment.

[0169] (Cavity pressure): Actual pressure sensor measurement; installed on the outside of the first opening, in the air passage between valve body 20 and blower, the real-time value or nominal set value can be used for control.

[0170] (Weight loss rate): Differential of the TGA curve.

[0171] right First, perform Savitzky-Golay smoothing, then take the derivative of the central difference to obtain each... The value of .

[0172] (Volatile matter mass factor): Corrected for TGA carbon residue.

[0173] Take 1 for no residual carbon; the difference in residue between the two TGAs (inert / oxidized) gives the carbon retention ratio. ,Pick .

[0174] 2) Upper limit of the heating slope when the temperature difference does not exceed the limit ,formula: .

[0175] The source and acquisition of each quantity in this formula: (Conservative lower limit of convective heat transfer coefficient): Under conditions of 20° valve opening and no fan disturbance, a small power step is performed, and the coefficient is identified according to the first-order thermal inertia. Take the smallest one. . Same as above. (Total mass of green bodies): Weighed by electronic balance, summed from multiple items. (Specific heat of chloroplasts): DSC calibration or mixed method; during operation... Look up the table / substitute into the fitted formula. (Maximum permissible temperature difference): Thermal shock test or thermal stress estimation.

[0176] Experiment: Measuring the critical temperature difference ,Pick ( ); Estimation: .

[0177] Hardware temperature rise slope limit Definition: Under the given equipment and loading conditions, the maximum sustainable rate of temperature rise that allows for long-term stable operation without overheating or overflow. Acquisition: No-load / half-load step test (S100-12): Set neutral clearance and maximum safety... Scan command slope Record the controlled area The initial slope and steady-state tracking quality. The maximum value that will not cause power saturation, overcurrent, overtemperature, or significant overshoot should be selected. Multiply by the safety factor get If the unit is In S200-7, it is first converted to :

[0178] in, Discrete temperature nodes; Use K. : Density / viscosity of the mixed gas; calculated from composition and temperature or looked up in a table. : Darcy permeability of chloroplasts (m ). : Effective heat exchange area, thickness, total mass, and specific heat of the green body. The maximum allowable equivalent pore pressure in the pore channel; : Cavity pressure. Rate of weight loss per unit temperature; : Volatile matter mass coefficient. : The conservative lower limit of the near-wall convective heat transfer coefficient; : Maximum allowable temperature difference. The upper limit of the sustainable heating rate of hardware / system. : Conversion factor from strength to pore pressure (conservative value calibrated by foaming / process).

[0179] Step S280: Identification of insulation zone and insulation strategy.

[0180] Obtain from the preceding steps Threshold , Identification: If This point is marked as a "candidate point for heat preservation". Upon reaching this point, the system enters the constant temperature zone. ), until any termination condition is met:

[0181]

[0182] illustrate: The TGA curve is directly retrieved from step S100; The accumulated insulation time is an internal timer within the controller, starting from the moment the insulation process begins and accumulating only during the insulation phase. It requires no external instruments and is considered a "state variable" within the control algorithm, accumulating in cyclic steps within the insulation phase. : The time constant derived from the isothermal TGA performed at the main peak temperature (taken as...) ).

[0183] Step S290 generates the time trajectory .

[0184] initialization: Loop (each step) ):like If it falls within the insulation candidate area and does not meet the termination condition, then Otherwise, proceed according to the overall slope (taking the current temperature node). ): .renew until Further, smoothing (optional): For the obtained... Perform a first-order lag filter, with a time constant of This ensures that the slope of the set curve does not fluctuate too quickly, which is beneficial for the execution of step S300.

[0185] Specifically, as described below: all parameters have been obtained or set in the preceding steps. Temperature range upper and lower limits. Time step Temperature grid With node slope table Insulation criteria: Threshold Permissible ratio of residual adhesive Maximum heat preservation time TGA curve .

[0186] Step S291: Preprocessing and interpolator construction.

[0187] for , , Construct a one-dimensional piecewise linear interpolator (or spline):

[0188] Define candidate functions for insulation (considering only temperature):

[0189] Note: To suppress jitter, you can adjust the settings as follows: Using 1-2K hysteresis: Entering threshold with Exit threshold .

[0190] Step S292: Time step consistency check.

[0191] make .Require

[0192] This is to avoid skipping multiple temperature nodes in a single step (1.25 is a safety margin). If this is not met, the step size will be automatically reduced. .

[0193] Step S293: Main loop generation .

[0194] initialization: , , Loop: When Repeat: Determine if insulation is needed:

[0195] like And if the insulation termination conditions are not met (see below), then:

[0196] Otherwise, it will proceed with a warming-up process.

[0197] Temperature-increasing propulsion: Take the current target slope: calculate: Reset heat preservation time counter Iterative updates: Upper limit clipping and monotonicity protection: If Then this step Set as And end the loop; if numerical fluctuations occur... Forced (Ensure monotonicity without degradation). Insulation termination conditions (choose one of two): Residual adhesive criterion: Duration limit: .

[0198] Step S294: Smooth the curve.

[0199] For the obtained discrete sequence Use first-order hysteresis filtering:

[0200]

[0201] in: If adopted, this smoothed sequence will be used as the final sequence. .

[0202] The above: Temperature range upper and lower limits; Control cycle; Overall target slope; rate of weightlessness; Weight loss peak threshold; Permissible residual adhesive ratio; Maximum insulation time; Total insulation time; Initial adhesive content; Target temperature curve.

[0203] Step S2100: Output and consistency verification.

[0204] Output: Storage Synchronously generate node table For use by the controller to limit the slope. Verification: Rapid simulation of pore pressure and temperature margin: Estimation of generated flow rate. ,in Estimate the discharge flow rate .verify (Equivalent to satisfying the slope limit of S200-5), and The corresponding temperature difference constraint (from step S260). If not met, increase the insulation or decrease it. Regenerate.

[0205] Specifically:

[0206] Get the generated Node table ; and the physical properties and constraints in S100 / S200: , , , , , , , , , , , (If an estimate is required) ).

[0207] Step 2110: Output storage.

[0208] Time track files / tables: storage (CSV / parameter block). Limit slope node table: storage ; Used for online slope limiting during control execution. Insulation section marking: for each or Store Boolean bits This facilitates the execution of the state machine by the S300.

[0209] Step 2120: Rapid pore pressure and temperature margin verification (time-by-time).

[0210] For each time point (or temperature) )implement:

[0211] Generate flow rate estimates:

[0212]

[0213] Discharge rate estimation (Darcy):

[0214]

[0215] Pore ​​pressure safety ratio:

[0216]

[0217] Require (It is better to leave a 10-20% safety margin).

[0218] Temperature difference / thermal inertia check (rapid):

[0219] Define the allowable slope of thermal inertia:

[0220]

[0221] examine:

[0222]

[0223] Furthermore, the surface temperature of the optional heating element 410 is accessible.

[0224] During the planning gap The following estimates are required (Ignore / Simplify convection):

[0225]

[0226] Require (Heating element 410 limit), otherwise it is judged as unreachable.

[0227] Step S2130: Automatic rollback and regeneration strategy when failure occurs.

[0228] If any of the following conditions are triggered:

[0229] ;or ;or (Optional check);

[0230] Then, rollback will be executed according to priority, and step S290 will be re-executed:

[0231] Expand the insulation area: Multiply (Easier to enter insulation), or Insert a constant temperature platform (3-5K wide) directly near the peak value.

[0232] Reduce the allowable temperature difference: Globally slowing slope: (for all) Or only for the range exceeding the standard).

[0233] (Optional) Increase the interval between plans To increase Effective radiative coupling, reducing the required .

[0234] Repeat step S2120 for verification until all passes.

[0235] Step S2140: Final freezing and distribution.

[0236] Freeze version number (including: Versions of key parameters, etc.

[0237] Issued: schedule; Node slope limit table; Insulation section marking .

[0238] The meanings of the parameters involved in step S200 are as follows:

[0239] The instantaneous slope of the actual curve (obtained by difference); Volatile matter mass coefficient; Gas mixture density / viscosity; Green body permeability; Effective heat exchange area / thickness; Permissible pore pressure threshold / cavity pressure; Pore ​​pressure safety ratio; Lower limit of near-wall convection coefficient; Green body mass / specific heat; Allowable temperature difference; Temperature difference safety ratio; Emittance / Stefan-Boltzmann constant; Visual factors; Enthalpy of debinding reaction; The maximum allowable temperature for heating element 410. It should be noted that the enthalpy of the debinding reaction... This can be determined through actual testing (DSC / DSC-TGA / DSC-EGA), as detailed below:

[0240] Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC / modulated DSC) combined with TGA / gas analysis yielded the results. The objective was to separate the thermal effects "related to binder decomposition / combustion" from irrelevant thermal effects such as "solvent evaporation, matrix phase change, and powder reaction," thus obtaining ΔH normalized to the binder mass.

[0241] 1. Sample and baseline

[0242] 1.1 Three groups of samples (with the same heating rate β, usually 2-10 °C / min, to ensure stable peak shape).

[0243] Pure binder sample (m_b^A≈5-15 mg) is derived from the proportionate mixing of the formulation components and solvent removal; unbound preform / powder sample (m_p^B≈5-15 mg) is the same powder or preform after sufficient binder removal; binder-containing preform sample (m_g^C≈10-30 mg) has binder mass m_b^C determined by the total weight loss of TGA or the known formulation; all samples are prepared with empty crucible baselines (crucibles of the same material with identical lids).

[0244] 1.2 Atmosphere: Match the actual process (inert N2 / Ar or oxidizing Air / oxygen-controlled O2%), flow rate 40-60 mL / min; oxidizing conditions result in combustion exothermic effect, while inert conditions result in pyrolysis / carbonization heat effect.

[0245] 1.3 Calibration: Perform temperature and heat flux calibration using indium / zinc; perform a blank baseline for subsequent baseline subtraction.

[0246] 2. Synchronize TGA / EGA (MS or FTIR, not required but strongly recommended).

[0247] 2.1 TGA provides a mass loss curve m(T) to determine the binder burnout temperature range and m_b;

[0248] 2.2MS / FTIR is used to identify the CO2 / H2O / organic pyrolysis product release regions, aligned with the heat flow peaks, to avoid miscalculating powder phase transition or sintering exothermics as debinding heat.

[0249] 3. Data processing and integration (normalized according to adhesive quality).

[0250] 3.1 Pure binder ΔH:

[0251]

[0252] T1-T2 are the main peaks of the desorbed glue (confirmed by TGA / EGA).

[0253] 3.2 Matrix correction (to avoid incorporating intrinsic thermal effects of the powder):

[0254]

[0255] It is usually close to 0, but if the powder has phase change / adsorption exothermic effect, it needs to be deducted.

[0256] 3.3 Equivalent ΔH of the preform containing rubber:

[0257]

[0258] here .

[0259] 3.4 Result selection: If the difference between ΔH_neat and ΔH_green is <10-15%, take ΔH = average value; if the difference is larger, take ΔH_green first (it includes the actual coupling effect of pore diffusion / local oxygen supply, which is more in line with the engineering "apparent enthalpy").

[0260] 3.5 Modulated DSC (MDSC, optional): Use "inverted / non-inverted" to separate the reversible heat capacity term from the kinetic exothermic / endothermic term, further purifying the integration region (eliminating the influence of Cp·β).

[0261] 4. Uncertainty and Safety Factor

[0262] Repeat for n≥3, and give the mean ±95%CI; take the upper limit of |ΔH| ×1.2 in the process feedforward (take a larger value for exothermic and a smaller value for endothermic) to prevent overshoot caused by underestimating exothermic.

[0263] Furthermore, it should be noted that the variable representing the glue removal process... Its rate .

[0264] Thermal balance feedforward additions: ,in For safe heat release, take >1 for exothermic and <1 for endothermic.

[0265] Will As a feedforward compensation for the inner loop power setting, it is superimposed on PI; if ΔH is undetermined, it can be initially set to 0 and the actual power difference curve can be observed to deduce ΔH for secondary calibration.

[0266] In summary: Differential noise from S210 Give Threshold (obtained directly from statistics). The performance of isothermal TGA and subsequent sintering was determined by small-scale testing; the maximum residual binder ratio that meets the requirements was taken. Isothermal TGA fitting time constant ,Pick . TGA (Inert vs. Oxidative) method for determining carbon residue ratio , When there is no residual carbon . The minimum value is obtained by step identification (experiment) or Nusselt formula (calculation). Darcy steady-state permeability test regression (step S100). High-temperature bending strength calibration and (Bubble / Process Calibration) (Step S100). , Thermocouple-infrared comparison (emissivity) and steady-state radiation verification (apparent factor) (step S100). Upper and lower limits of the glue discharge temperature zone; : Time / temperature step size. The mass of residual organic matter varies with temperature; Rate of weightlessness. Standard deviation of numerical differential noise; : Weightlessness peak discrimination threshold. Residual glue ratio; Maximum insulation time at a single point. : viscosity and density of the gas mixture; : Cavity pressure. : Green bodies in porosity Gas permeability below; : Permissible pore pressure threshold curve. : Effective heat exchange area, thickness, mass, and specific heat of the green body. : The mass coefficient of volatile matter generated per unit of excreted adhesive. , Two types of upper limits for slope; : Overall target slope. Target temperature curve; Cumulative heat preservation time.

[0267] Step S300: Control the operation of the regulating mechanism 50 and the heating mechanism 40 according to the target temperature curve (can be executed directly).

[0268] Step S310: Input and basic settings (once before power-on / batch).

[0269] Target temperature profile: (Output from S200); Node slope limit table: Sensor grouping: Thermocouples are grouped by plane. Let the first... The sensor set for each circumferential partition is .

[0270] Execution quantity: Heating mechanism 40: Surface temperature / power setting for each or each group of heating tubes 410 (or power) Adjustment mechanism 50: Heating tube 410 of each zone - distance from the material rack. (Given by the stroke of the moving part 550 and the angular displacement of the drive plate 530).

[0271] Limits and Calibration: Distance from Boundary: Maximum displacement / angular velocity Heating element 410 temperature / power limit: or Permissible temperature difference: (From step S100); Apparent factor curve Emission rate , , , , Control cycle: (1 second recommended).

[0272] Step S320: Sampling and Zone Temperature Calculation (per ).

[0273] Collect the original temperature of each thermocouple ( First-order low-pass filter:

[0274]

[0275] For each partition Calculation: Average temperature of the zone: Coldest / Hottest Zone: Regional uniformity index: use: Used for tracking ; Used for geometric compensation (adjustment) ).

[0276] Step S330: Control the state machine (press) (paragraph).

[0277] Heating phase: The goal is to "track the slope under the premise of uniform temperature". Insulation section: The goal is to "converge and maintain the temperature." Cooling phase (if included in the process): same as heating phase, except... (The core of this step remains unchanged).

[0278] Step S340: Dual closed-loop control structure (power / temperature inner loop combined with geometric outer loop).

[0279] Step S341: Error Definition (for each partition) ).

[0280] set up: (All partitions share the same goal; if necessary, a small weight bias can be added to the outer layer to achieve temperature equalization priority).

[0281] Tracking error: Temperature uniformity error: ,in (Full circumferential average).

[0282] Step S342: Inner ring: Heating setting / power .

[0283] Feedforward (based on thermal balance, suppressing hysteresis):

[0284] For each partition, by current Calculate the feedforward heating temperature:

[0285]

[0286] in, Effective heat exchange area for each zone (can be taken as follows) Or by geometrical allocation).

[0287] Feedback (PI control): Temperature setting: Or power type:

[0288] Adjustment recommendations: Heating phase Take a smaller value, allowing for a slight under-tracking; increase the size of the insulation section. Reduce steady-state error.

[0289] Anti-integral saturation: If If the score reaches the top or bottom, the integration process is paused (anti-windup).

[0290] Step S343: Outer ring: Geometric compensation (adjustment mechanism 50 setting) ).

[0291] Objective: To reduce the temperature difference between temperature zones This involves "moving" heat from hotter zones to colder zones (by changing the visual factor).

[0292] Control laws (slow loop, with dead zone and speed limit):

[0293]

[0294] Dead Zone (To avoid jitter); outer loop cycle (Slower than the inner ring).

[0295] Directionality: If the partition is cold ( ),make (Closer to the material rack, larger) ); if it is too hot .

[0296] Execution order: First The instruction (see S300-4) states that after the position is in place or the timeout period has elapsed, the latest information will be used to determine the next steps. Calculate inner loop feedforward and update .

[0297] Step S344: Adjust the timing of the mechanism 50 (one "insert\adjust\exit" cycle). The moving part 550 is pushed forward, causing the drive shaft 542 to be in the slot → the drive plate 530 to move radially due to angular displacement → decoupling is disengaged.

[0298] For the partitions that need adjustment :

[0299] Insertion phase: The lifting rod 551 advances along the first direction to the "approach position" (stroke). ); micro-advance until the clamp 552 contacts the annular protrusion 5421 of the drive shaft 542 (based on force / current rise or proximity switch criteria); continue advancing. Insert the drive shaft 542 end into the drive slot 531 (position switch / encoder criterion).

[0300] Adjustment phase: Issue 530° angular displacement to the driver board (according to the standard) Relationship conversion from ); angular velocity limiting Stop when the corner position is in place (encoder) or when the timeout occurs.

[0301] Exit Phase: The lifting rod 551 retracts to the safe position (ensuring that the drive shaft 542 exits the slot and is limited by the guide plate 520); the "mechanical coupling" interlock of this zone is cleared, and the independent operation of the temperature control inner loop is restored. Arrival / Timeout Criterion: Any phase exceeding the set timeout. If the timeout is 3-5 seconds, immediately stop the machine, roll back, and issue an alarm.

[0302] Step S350: Paragraph Strategy. Heating Phase ( Inner ring: Prioritizing the coldest area, it allows for slightly underpowered hot areas to prevent overshoot. (This can be...) Set as Outer ring: Perform small-step geometric compensation every 3-5 seconds until... (like Insulation section () Inner ring: Improve Rapidly eliminates steady-state errors; outer loop: more proactive temperature equalization, target Cooling stage: If the fan is disabled: the strategy is the same as for heating, but the slope is negative; if the fan is allowed: use the fan / valve 20 as an external convection source, adjust according to the differential pressure closed loop, and maintain the geometry at neutral or slightly high. (To prevent hot spot backflow).

[0303] Step S360: Limits, Interlocks, and Safety Cutting (checked every cycle). Temperature Difference Limits: For any cross-section / section Then: Freeze immediately Uplink increments will be prioritized for execution. (Opening the gap) and local power reduction; slope limiting: actual slope Mandatory: ( Heating element 410 upper limit: If ,First Check if the limits are still exceeded; if they are, reduce the overall slope and trigger an "insufficient power" alarm. Mechanical limit: Touch After marking the outer ring, only reverse adjustment is allowed; multiple touches trigger an "insufficient geometric travel" alarm. Sensor malfunction: If any zone thermocouple is disconnected / over-range, "conservative control" (limited) will apply to that zone. rise, ), and request maintenance. Valve body 20 / fan interlock (optional): If the chamber pressure is abnormal or the exhaust gas rises abnormally (external conditions), suspend the geometric approach operation and reduce the slope.

[0304] Step S370: Fault rollback and resynchronization. Position asynchrony: If the insertion / exit criterion fails, execute a "return to origin" procedure once (lifting rod 551 returns to zero, drive board 530 returns to zero), and try again after recovery; if it fails twice in a row, manual intervention is required. Temperature control saturation: If continuously... Within a cycle (e.g., 10 seconds) In the upper limit and (Temperature is still low), automatically adjust global slope. And record it. Excessive temperature deviation: If continued This triggers "out-of-tolerance protection": Freeze slope = 0 (temporary insulation), only geometric temperature equalization is performed, and heating continues after recovery. Among these: Target temperature curve; Target slope upper limit (node ​​table interpolation). : No. Each thermocouple filters the temperature; : Average / Minimum / Maximum Temperature of Each Zone; Temperature difference between zones. : Partition tracking error; Temperature average error (relative to global average); Allowable temperature difference. / : Surface temperature / power setting of zoned heating element 410; : Spacing between zones; : Apparent factor curve. Inner loop PI and outer loop geometric gain; Outer ring dead zone; : Institutional speed limit. Effective heat exchange area of ​​each zone; Emissivity and SB constant; , TGA weightlessness derivative and reaction enthalpy. "Insert, Adjust and Exit": a three-stage action sequence of moving part 550 advancing, drive plate 530 angular positioning, and moving part 550 exiting.

[0305] In summary, the S300 employs inner-loop power tracking. Geometric temperature of outer ring The system employs a dual closed-loop design: the inner loop uses feedforward + PI acceleration, while the outer loop uses slow-cycle, small-step adjustment to suppress circumferential temperature difference; all actions are performed under interlocked protection against temperature difference / slope / mechanical factors and upper temperature limits. Following this procedure, engineers can directly configure parameters, conduct online commissioning, and ensure stable operation of the sintering furnace.

Claims

1. A fully automated high-temperature hot sink sintering furnace based on hydrogen-powered SOFC for sintering metal slurry ceramic plates, characterized in that, include: The furnace body includes a sintering cavity and a first opening and a second opening communicating with the sintering cavity; the first opening and the second opening are respectively located on opposite sides of the inner wall of the sintering cavity, and the center lines of the first opening and the second opening are collinear; A valve body that is located at the first opening and is controlled to be opened and closed; A loading platform for placing and controlling the movement of a rack that supports ceramic plates, driving the rack to enter or leave the sintering chamber through a second opening, wherein the direction of movement of the loading platform is defined as a first direction; the centerline of the first opening is parallel to the first direction. The heating mechanism is installed in the sintering chamber. The heating mechanism includes a plurality of heating tubes with controlled temperature rise. Each heating tube is configured to surround the material rack after the material rack enters the sintering chamber, and the extension direction of the heating tube is parallel to the first direction. The adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment end that is controlled to move and is drivenly connected to the heating tube to drive the heating tube to move toward or away from the material rack; Several temperature sensors are disposed around the furnace body and have detection ends that extend into the sintering chamber. Each detection end is arranged around the material rack after the material rack enters the sintering chamber to obtain ambient temperature detection values. The temperature sensors are thermocouple sensors, and the extension direction of the thermocouple sensors is perpendicular to the first direction. The controller is connected to the heating mechanism, the regulating mechanism, and the temperature sensor, and is configured to control the operation of the regulating mechanism and the valve body based on the temperature detection value, so as to adjust the relative position of the heating tube and the material rack and the on / off state of the valve body; The adjustment mechanism also includes: A central tube is disposed on the inner wall of the sintering cavity on the side where the first opening is located. The axis of the central tube is coaxial with the center line of the first opening. One end of the central tube is connected to the first opening, and the other end of the central tube is connected to the sintering cavity. A guide plate is fixedly sleeved outside the central tube. Several sets of first guide grooves are equally spaced in a circular array with the center of the guide plate as the center. The extension direction of the first guide grooves is configured to point towards the central tube or away from the central tube. A drive plate is rotatably sleeved outside the central tube and rotates under control. The drive plate has several sets of drive grooves arranged in a circular array at equal intervals with its own center as the center. The number of drive grooves is the same as the number of the first guide grooves and they correspond one-to-one. Furthermore, the axis of the drive plate is collinear with the axis of the guide plate. A plurality of adjustment frames are provided, each of which corresponds one-to-one with each group of the first guide grooves and each group of the drive grooves. Each adjustment frame includes at least one frame body and a drive shaft disposed at one end of the frame body. The number of all the frame bodies is the same as the number of the heating tubes and each of them carries the corresponding heating tubes. The end of the drive shaft away from the frame body passes through the first guide groove and is aligned with the drive groove, and the end of the drive shaft away from the frame body is the adjustment end. Several movable components are movably connected to each of the drive shafts and controlled to move along the first direction, so as to drive the adjustment frame to move synchronously along the first direction when moving along the first direction; When the adjustment mechanism is in operation, the moving member drives the adjustment frame to move toward the direction of the first opening so that the drive shaft is inserted into the drive groove. Then, when the drive plate is rotated in a controlled manner, the inner wall of the drive groove abuts against the drive shaft, so as to force the drive shaft to move along the extension direction of the first guide groove.

2. The fully automated high-temperature hot-sink sintering furnace based on hydrogen-powered SOFC as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The number of adjustment ends is several, and each one corresponds to a heating tube.

3. The fully automated high-temperature hot-sink sintering furnace based on hydrogen-powered SOFC as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The material rack includes several material placement plates arranged perpendicular to the first direction and arranged sequentially along the first direction; each of the temperature sensors is divided into several groups and arranged parallel to each other. All the temperature sensors in each group are located in the same plane perpendicular to the first direction. The temperature sensors in each group are configured to be distributed around the material rack after the material rack enters the sintering chamber, and the spacing between two adjacent temperature sensors in each group is equal.

4. The fully automated high-temperature hot-sink sintering furnace based on hydrogen-powered SOFC as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The movable component includes: A lifting rod that moves in a controlled manner along a first direction, wherein the axis of the lifting rod is parallel to the first direction; A clamping member is disposed at one end of the lifting rod and located between the drive plate and the guide plate. The clamping member has a through second guide groove, and the extension direction of the second guide groove is consistent with that of the first guide groove. The drive shaft has an annular protrusion on its circumference, located between the clamping member and the drive plate; When the adjustment mechanism is in operation, the clamping member moves along the first direction with the lifting rod and abuts against the annular protrusion, thereby driving the adjustment frame to move along the first direction and inserting the drive shaft into the drive groove.

5. The fully automated high-temperature hot-sink sintering furnace based on hydrogen-powered SOFC as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The adjustment frame also includes a limiting end disposed on the side of the frame body near the second opening; The sintering furnace also includes: A limiting member is provided on the inner wall of the sintering chamber, which has a second opening side and corresponds to each of the adjustment frames. The limiting member is provided with a third guide groove, and the extension direction of the third guide groove is consistent with the extension direction of the first guide groove. When the adjusting frame moves along the extension direction of the first guide groove, the limiting end is inserted into the third guide groove, so that the side of the adjusting frame near the second opening can only move along the extension direction of the first guide groove.

6. The fully automated high-temperature hot-sink sintering furnace based on hydrogen-powered SOFC as described in claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a ventilation fan, which is installed on the air passage outside the first opening and located outside the valve body. The ventilation fan is connected to the controller and is controlled to operate.

7. A control method for a fully automated high-temperature hot-sink sintering furnace based on hydrogen-powered SOFC as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The metal paste ceramic plate includes a green body, which refers to a green body formed by combining ceramic powder of the ceramic plate under the action of organic binder and / or solvent contained in the metal paste and without undergoing sintering densification treatment. The sintering furnace also includes: A gas pressure sensor is disposed on the gas path outside the first opening and located between the valve body and the ventilation fan to obtain the gas pressure in the sintering chamber. A gas composition sensor is disposed on the gas path outside the first opening to obtain the gas composition in the sintering chamber; The control method includes: The thickness of the green body, the effective heat exchange area of ​​the green body, the mass of the green body, the specific heat of the green body, the initial gum content of the green body, the initial porosity of the green body, the calibration relationship of the pore permeability of the green body, the calibration relationship of the allowable pore pressure threshold of the green body, the calibration curve of the gas viscosity and the gas density in the sintering cavity, the atmosphere pressure in the sintering cavity, the maximum allowable temperature difference, the upper limit of the hardware heating slope, the surface emissivity of the heating tube, the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, the apparent factor-distance calibration curve, and the thermogravimetric curve are obtained. The target temperature curve is determined based on the thickness of the green body, the effective heat exchange area of ​​the green body, the mass of the green body, the specific heat of the green body, the initial gum content of the green body, the initial porosity of the green body, the calibration relationship of the pore permeability of the green body, the calibration relationship of the allowable pore pressure threshold of the green body, the temperature calibration curve of the gas viscosity and the temperature calibration curve of the gas density in the sintering cavity, the atmosphere pressure in the sintering cavity, the maximum allowable temperature difference, the upper limit of the hardware heating slope, the surface emissivity of the heating tube, the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, the apparent factor-distance calibration curve, and the thermogravimetric curve. The regulating mechanism and the heating mechanism are controlled according to the target temperature curve and each of the temperature sensors.

8. The control method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The steps for determining the target temperature curve include: Based on the pore permeability calibration relationship of green bodies, the allowable pore pressure threshold calibration relationship, the temperature calibration curves of gas viscosity and gas density in the sintering chamber, and the atmosphere volume pressure, the upper limit of the temperature change rate to avoid the pore pressure exceeding the threshold is determined at different temperatures. Combined with the maximum allowable temperature difference, the upper limit of the hardware heating slope, the surface emissivity of the heating tube, the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and the apparent factor-distance calibration curve, the upper limit of the temperature change rate limited by temperature difference and hardware capability is determined at different temperatures. The smaller of the upper limit of the temperature change rate to avoid the pore pressure exceeding the threshold and the upper limit of the temperature change rate limited by temperature difference and hardware capability is used as the limiting condition for the corresponding temperature. The temperature-time relationship is generated and its consistency is checked using the thermogravimetric curve to determine the target temperature curve.

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