Photovoltaic module arrangement method and system for double-pitched roof

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic module arrangement method and system for a double-pitched roof, and the method is applied to an arrangement system comprising a preprocessing module, a module array generation module, a shadow correction module, an arrangement scheme module and a scheme optimization module, and specifically comprises the steps: carrying out the section splitting of the double-pitched roof based on a roof contour; constructing a solution space tree of component arrangement according to each section in combination with a preset component arrangement form; traversing the solution space tree to obtain a plurality of component arrays; correcting each component array in combination with an obstacle shadow volume of the double-pitched roof; based on the number of the components, selecting an optimal component array from the corrected component arrays; and obtaining a photovoltaic module arrangement scheme of the double-pitched roof according to the optimal module array. According to the method, the planning dimension of arrangement planning is optimized through section splitting, a feasible scheme is automatically enumerated by constructing a solution space tree, and then the arrangement scheme is optimized by introducing correction of an obstacle shadow volume, so that efficient, accurate and automatic arrangement of the photovoltaic modules is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic module arrangement, in particular to a photovoltaic module arrangement method and system for a double-slope roof. BACKGROUND

[0002] When a household photovoltaic project is implemented, the arrangement of photovoltaic modules on the roof needs to be planned in advance to maximize the power generation efficiency and optimize the cost of the household photovoltaic project. The traditional arrangement of photovoltaic modules is mostly arranged manually, which depends on the experience of technicians and is arranged according to the basic conditions of the roof.

[0003] However, when facing a complex sloping roof, such as a double-slope roof, due to the unique three-dimensional geometric structure and variable spatial form of the double-slope roof, it is difficult for photovoltaic modules to fit the roof profile and achieve close arrangement. Moreover, the dynamic shadows generated by obstacles such as trees, buildings, and equipment in the complex environment at the edge of the roof can also seriously affect the power generation performance of the installed photovoltaic modules, greatly increasing the difficulty of arrangement planning. If the traditional manual arrangement method is still used for the arrangement of photovoltaic modules on such a complex double-slope roof, the arrangement result is greatly affected by human factors and personal experience, and the obtained arrangement result often cannot reach the optimal solution, and the arrangement planning efficiency is also low. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to overcome the shortcomings in the prior art that the arrangement of photovoltaic modules on a double-slope complex roof is manually planned, which is greatly affected by human factors and personal experience, and the arrangement result is difficult to reach the optimal solution, and the arrangement planning efficiency is also low. A photovoltaic module arrangement method and system for a double-slope roof are provided, which simplifies the complex form of the double-slope roof by performing cross-section splitting of the double-slope roof based on the roof profile, reduces the difficulty of modeling and processing the double-slope roof, constructs a solution space tree of module arrangement based on a preset module arrangement form, obtains a module array by traversing the solution space tree, realizes efficient enumeration of a large number of layout schemes, introduces an obstacle shadow body to correct each obtained module array, and finally optimizes the module array by the number of modules to obtain a corresponding photovoltaic module arrangement scheme. The present application can effectively adapt to the complex environment of the double-slope roof, realize automatic arrangement of photovoltaic modules, improve the arrangement planning efficiency, and ensure the accuracy of the arrangement result.

[0005] The present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] The photovoltaic module arrangement method for a double-slope roof comprises:

[0007] cross-section splitting of the double-slope roof based on the roof profile;

[0008] constructing a solution space tree of module arrangement according to each cross-section in combination with a preset module arrangement form;

[0009] traversing the solution space tree to obtain a plurality of component arrays;

[0010] modifying each component array in combination with an obstacle shadow body of a double-slope roof;

[0011] selecting an optimal component array from the modified component arrays based on the number of components;

[0012] obtaining a photovoltaic component arrangement scheme of the double-slope roof according to the optimal component array.

[0013] The cross-section is split to simplify the complex roof shape, avoiding the time-consuming and labor-intensive problems of manual mapping and complex modeling. In combination with the solution space tree to quickly enumerate a large number of layout schemes, the arrangement efficiency of the photovoltaic component arrangement of the double-slope roof can be effectively improved, and automatic and rapid arrangement is realized. In the process of optimizing the listed layout schemes, i.e., the component arrays, the obstacle shadow body is introduced to modify the component arrays, effectively avoiding layout omissions and shadow estimation deviations that are prone to occur in manual design, and improving the arrangement accuracy. At the same time, the optimization decision is made based on the number of components, which can effectively balance the installation cost and power generation income of the photovoltaic component arrangement, reduce material waste and later rectification costs caused by unreasonable layout, and ensure the accuracy of the photovoltaic component arrangement scheme.

[0014] Further, the combination of the preset component arrangement form, according to each cross-section, includes:

[0015] identifying the corresponding roof type based on the side view information of each cross-section;

[0016] setting the constraint conditions of each cross-section according to the corresponding roof type;

[0017] based on the corresponding constraint conditions, combining the photovoltaic component size information and the preset component arrangement form, constructing the cross-section arrangement of each cross-section;

[0018] According to the preset splicing condition, the cross-section arrangement of each cross-section is spliced to construct the solution space tree of the component arrangement.

[0019] Further, the preset splicing condition includes a single-array restriction constraint, a same-plane restriction constraint, a component spacing restriction constraint, and an extension line obstruction restriction constraint.

[0020] Further, the traversal of the solution space tree to obtain a plurality of component arrays includes:

[0021] Discretizing the solution space of the solution space tree based on the unit component width and the component spacing;

[0022] Based on the grid points of the discretized solution space, the solution space tree is traversed to obtain a plurality of component arrays.

[0023] Further, the obstacle shadow body combined with the double-slope roof modifies each component array, including:

[0024] Identify the obstacle feature, and obtain the obstacle type of each obstacle;

[0025] Calculate the shadow body of each obstacle based on the obstacle type;

[0026] Calculate the intersection profile area of each shadow body and the plane of the component array;

[0027] Based on the plane intersection profile area, subtract the components in each component array that intersect with the shadow body.

[0028] Further, the calculation of the intersection profile area of each shadow body and the plane of the component array includes:

[0029] Traverse each edge of the shadow body, and calculate the intersection point of the corresponding line segment and the corresponding plane of the component array;

[0030] Based on the intersection point calculation result, obtain the intersection profile of the shadow body on the component plane, and determine the corresponding plane intersection profile area.

[0031] Further, the selection of the optimal component array from the modified component array based on the number of components includes:

[0032] Calculate the number of components in each modified component array, and select the component array with the most components as the optimal component array.

[0033] Further, the double-slope roof photovoltaic component arrangement scheme is obtained according to the optimal component array, including:

[0034] Based on the optimal component array, obtain the component profile;

[0035] Based on the component profile, calculate the inclined beam arrangement area;

[0036] According to the greedy algorithm, the inclined beam is arranged in the inclined beam arrangement area;

[0037] Based on the inclined beam minimization arrangement, optimize the photovoltaic component arrangement scheme.

[0038] The photovoltaic component arrangement system of the double-slope roof is used to execute the photovoltaic component arrangement method of the double-slope roof described in any one of the above, including:

[0039] The preprocessing module is used to split the cross section of the double-slope roof;

[0040] The component array generation module is connected with the preprocessing module, and is used to construct the solution space tree of the component arrangement according to the split cross section and the preset component arrangement form, and generate the component array by traversing the solution space tree.

[0041] The shadow correction module, connected to the component array generation module, is used to calculate the obstacle shadow volume of the gable roof and correct each generated component array based on the shadow volume.

[0042] The layout scheme module, connected to the shadow correction module, is used to select the optimal module array from the corrected module arrays to obtain the photovoltaic module layout scheme.

[0043] Furthermore, the photovoltaic module arrangement system also includes:

[0044] The scheme optimization module, connected to the layout scheme module, is used to plan the inclined beam layout based on the optimal component array, and optimize the photovoltaic module layout scheme based on the inclined beam layout planning results.

[0045] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0046] (1) By simplifying complex roof shapes through cross-sectional decomposition, the time-consuming and labor-intensive problems of manual surveying and complex modeling are avoided. Combined with the solution space tree for rapid enumeration of massive layout schemes, the layout efficiency of photovoltaic modules on double-slope roofs can be effectively improved, achieving automated and rapid layout. Furthermore, during the optimization process of the listed layout schemes, i.e., the module array, obstacle shadows are introduced to correct the module array, effectively avoiding layout omissions and shadow estimation errors that are prone to occur in manual design, and improving the accuracy of the layout. At the same time, the optimization decision is based on the number of modules, which can effectively balance the installation cost and power generation revenue of photovoltaic module layout, reduce material waste and subsequent rectification costs caused by unreasonable layout, and ensure the accuracy of photovoltaic module layout scheme.

[0047] (2) Based on roof type identification and customized constraint setting, exclusive layout rules are formulated for different slope structures to ensure the rationality of component layout. Furthermore, by discretizing spatial processing and combining grid point traversal, the spatial accuracy of the layout scheme is improved to the component level, avoiding the accumulation of errors caused by continuous calculation, and further improving the accuracy of the constructed photovoltaic module layout scheme.

[0048] (3) By using preset splicing conditions such as single array restriction, same plane restriction, component spacing restriction and extension line occlusion restriction, the components can maintain a regular array even in complex irregular roofs, solve the problem of loose or overlapping layout in irregular areas, refine the types of obstacles, and calculate shadow bodies in a targeted manner. It can handle static occlusion and simulate dynamic shadow changes, improving adaptability to complex scenes from multiple angles.

[0049] (4) Based on the optimization strategy with the number of components as the core, a greedy algorithm for minimizing the arrangement of inclined beams is combined. While ensuring power generation efficiency and improving the utilization rate of roof area, the amount of support material and installation complexity are effectively reduced, and construction costs are lowered. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a process of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional division result of a certain double-sloped roof according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the component arrangement of a single array A for splicing a certain cross section of a double-sloped roof according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the component arrangement of a single array B for splicing a cross section of a double-sloped roof according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the component arrangement of a single array C for splicing a certain cross section of a double-sloped roof according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of one of the component arrays in an embodiment of the present invention performing component subtraction based on the shadow of an obstacle;

[0056] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module arrangement system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] The modules include: 1. Preprocessing module; 2. Component array generation module; 3. Shadow correction module; 4. Layout scheme module; and 5. Scheme optimization module. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0059] Example:

[0060] Double-sloped roofs often have inconsistent north and south slope angles and irregular ridge turning angles. In addition, due to their special eaves arch design, L-shaped slopes, stepped slopes and three-dimensional obstacles, the installation angles of components in different areas of the same roof vary greatly. Traditional rectangular components are difficult to fit the slope contour, which can easily lead to layout gaps or overlaps. If the layout is planned manually, a large part of the usable space will be wasted due to shape limitations, making it difficult to obtain the optimal solution for component layout. Furthermore, due to the many interfering factors, the feasibility of the given solution needs to be repeatedly verified, resulting in low component layout efficiency for double-sloped roofs.

[0061] To address the aforementioned issues, this embodiment proposes a photovoltaic module arrangement method for double-sloped roofs, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0062] Sectional segmentation of the gable roof based on the roof profile;

[0063] Based on the preset component layout, construct a solution space tree for the component arrangement according to each cross-section;

[0064] Traverse the solution space tree to obtain several component arrays;

[0065] The array of each component is corrected by combining the obstacle shadows of the double-sloped roof;

[0066] Based on the number of components, select the optimal component array from the corrected component array;

[0067] The photovoltaic module layout scheme for a gable roof is obtained based on the optimal module array.

[0068] Considering that manual surveying is inefficient and prone to errors when dealing with irregular shapes of double-sloped roofs, while directly using a 3D model results in high computational complexity and a tendency to get trapped in local optima, this embodiment first divides the double-sloped roof into sections based on its outline. This transforms the complex 3D shape into multiple 2D regular or approximately regular units, improving the efficiency of subsequent computational processing.

[0069] Specifically, a top view of the double-sloped roof can be obtained first through laser point cloud scanning, drone photogrammetry, or BIM modeling. Then, edge detection algorithms can be used to identify feature lines such as ridge lines and roof slope lines. Based on the identified feature lines, the cross-section can be divided into various basic cross-sections such as rectangles and trapezoids.

[0070] Taking the cross-sectional division of one of the gable roofs as an example, the specific division result is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The upper half of the area is the north roof of the double-sloped roof, the lower half is the south roof of the double-sloped roof, and the middle is the ridge line. Specifically, it is divided into three sections longitudinally, namely section a, section b and section c.

[0071] Based on the cross-sectional division, layout schemes are listed according to the divided cross-sections. Considering that the irregular cross-section and diverse constraints of the double-sloped roof result in a large number of component arrangement combinations, it is difficult to exhaustively list them manually or with simple algorithms. However, the solution space tree can explore feasible schemes comprehensively by recursively expanding nodes with a preset layout as the branching logic.

[0072] Specifically, the step of constructing a solution space tree for the component arrangement based on a preset component layout and each cross-section includes:

[0073] Identify the corresponding roof type based on the side view information of each section;

[0074] Set the constraint conditions for each section according to the corresponding roof type;

[0075] Based on the corresponding constraints, combined with the photovoltaic module size information and the preset module layout, the cross-sectional layout of each section is constructed;

[0076] Based on the preset splicing conditions, the cross-sectional arrangements of each section are spliced ​​together to construct a solution space tree for the component arrangement.

[0077] To transform the complex photovoltaic module layout problem on a double-slope roof into a computable tree-structured decision-making process, it is necessary to first identify the roof type, establish a mapping relationship between geometric features and constraints, automatically configure the constraints of each section, construct a feasible solution space through rule constraints, and enumerate layout schemes in the feasible solution space.

[0078] The roof types specifically include single-slope elevated roof, double-slope elevated roof, single-slope hook roof, and double-slope hook roof. By retrieving the side view of the roof involved in the corresponding section, the roof type included in each section can be determined by identifying the key features on the side view. Then, based on the corresponding roof type, the corresponding constraints can be set.

[0079] For the constraints of the roof types listed below, the units for the relevant values ​​are all millimeters.

[0080] Based on this, the specific constraints for single-slope elevated roofs are as follows:

[0081] The components are installed on the south side using a triangular support position, and additional triangular supports are required to extend outwards on the south side, with the corresponding components extending outwards by a maximum of 900 mm.

[0082] The distance of the north-side component extending out of the ridge needs to be limited to three distance ranges: <= 400, (400, 800], and (800, 1200]. The length of the inclined beam at the ridge corresponds to the distance of the north-side component extending out of the ridge and needs to be limited to 400, 800, and 1200 respectively.

[0083] The offset requirements for the inclined beam are: the center of the inclined beam offsets 100 degrees from the roof, and the bottom of the component offsets 82 degrees from the inclined beam.

[0084] The requirements for triangular supports are as follows: 400-1000 mm downward from the eaves, 30-60° angle of the diagonal support, and ≥150 mm between the triangular support and the crossbeam. If there are multiple solutions, the point with the shortest distance between the diagonal beam and the eaves should be selected. In order to avoid collision, the distance from the triangular support to the eaves should be at least 150 mm.

[0085] The requirements for short supports are as follows: the distance from the first short support on the north side to the ridge must be between [200, 500], the distance between short supports must be between [400, 1200], the distance from the first short support on the south side to the eaves must be more than 200, and the distance from the short support at the last eaves to the connection point between the diagonal brace and the diagonal beam must be ≤1200.

[0086] For the double-slope elevated structure, the specific constraints are as follows:

[0087] The components are installed on the south side using a triangular support position, and additional triangular supports are required to extend outwards on the south side, with the corresponding components extending outwards by a maximum of 900 mm.

[0088] The distance of the northern component protruding from the ridge needs to be limited to <= 0. Under this requirement, the length of the inclined beam at the ridge is specifically as follows: the southern inclined beam is positioned vertically above the ridge and extends 50 to the north; the northern inclined beam is positioned vertically above the ridge and extends 50 to the south.

[0089] The requirements for triangular supports are: 400-1000 mm downward from the eaves, 30-60° angle of the diagonal support, and ≥150 mm between the triangular support and the crossbeam. Similarly, if there are multiple solutions, the point with the shortest distance between the diagonal beam and the eaves should be selected.

[0090] The short support requirements are: the distance from the first short support on the north side to the ridge is [200, 500], the distance between short supports is [400, 1200], the distance from the first short support to the eaves is more than 200, and the distance from the short support at the last eaves to the connection point between the diagonal brace and the diagonal beam is less than or equal to 1200.

[0091] For the single-slope hook scheme, the constraints are as follows:

[0092] The hook is used as the installation method on its south side, and there is no triangular support on its south side. The maximum protrusion is <= 450. The distance between the connection point of the southernmost hook and the inclined beam and the southernmost crossbeam is <= 400.

[0093] The distance of its north-side components extending out of the roof ridge needs to be limited to four distance ranges: <= 0, (0, 400], (400, 800], and (800, 1200].

[0094] The length of the inclined beam at the ridge corresponds to the distance the north-side component extends beyond the ridge. For schemes within the range of 0, if the hook is outside the connection point of the horizontal beam and inclined beam, then extend 100 mm southward from the midpoint of the hook; if the connection point of the horizontal beam and inclined beam is outside the hook, then extend 100 mm southward from the connection point of the horizontal beam and inclined beam. For schemes within the range of (0, 400), 500 mm beyond the ridge is the north endpoint. For schemes within the range of (400, 800), 800 mm beyond the ridge is the north endpoint. For schemes within the range of (800, 1200), 1200 mm beyond the ridge is the north endpoint.

[0095] The offset requirements for the inclined beam are: the center of the inclined beam offsets 192 mm from the roof, and the bottom of the component offsets 78 mm from the inclined beam.

[0096] Furthermore, corresponding hook requirements must be set. For the first hook at the ridge, if it's an over-ridge design, the distance from the first hook at the ridge to the ridge should be within the range of [386, 800]. If it's a non-over-ridge design, the distance from the first hook at the ridge to the ridge should be within the range of [386, 400], and there should be no collision. The distance between short supports should be [400, 1200]. The distance from the first hook on the south side to the eaves must be at least 200, and the hook must not exceed the component range.

[0097] For the double-slope hook scheme, except that the distance to the roof ridge being measured is less than or equal to 0, the other constraints are the same as those for the single-slope hook scheme.

[0098] Under the constraints of the above-mentioned roof type, the cross-sectional layout of each section can be constructed by combining the preset component layout and the corresponding photovoltaic component size information.

[0099] The photovoltaic modules are rectangular modules. The preset module arrangement forms include a vertical arrangement of modules forming one row, a vertical arrangement of modules forming two rows, a vertical arrangement of modules forming three rows, a vertical arrangement of modules forming one row and a horizontal arrangement of modules forming one row, a vertical arrangement of modules forming two rows and a horizontal arrangement of modules forming one row, and a vertical arrangement of modules forming three rows and a horizontal arrangement of modules forming one row.

[0100] Furthermore, when constructing the cross-sectional layout, for vertical components, the horizontal beams are in fixed positions, and for horizontal components, the horizontal beams are at the top edge of the component.

[0101] A complete solution space tree is constructed by arranging multiple cross-sections and using corresponding preset splicing conditions.

[0102] The preset splicing conditions include single array constraint, same plane constraint, component spacing constraint, and extension line occlusion constraint.

[0103] Single array constraint can ensure that the component array maintains its integrity when splicing across cross sections, avoid the same group of components being divided into multiple independent arrays, transform the multi-section layout of complex gable roofs into a planar layout problem, and reduce the complexity of support design and electrical wiring.

[0104] The same plane constraint can restrict the components to be arranged only in the same slope plane, avoiding uneven structural stress and increased installation difficulty caused by installation across the slope, ensuring that the component tilt angle is consistent with the slope, and reducing the additional support materials and construction costs caused by angle adjustment.

[0105] The component spacing constraint sets a minimum spacing threshold between components to meet maintenance access requirements and heat convection and heat dissipation requirements. During the solution space tree construction process, the layout scheme of each node must be verified by spacing to avoid later maintenance difficulties or component overheating and efficiency degradation caused by excessive spacing. At the same time, this constraint, combined with the cross-sectional dimensions, can dynamically adjust the number of components to avoid overly dense installation.

[0106] The extension line shading constraint is implemented when expanding nodes in the solution space tree by calculating the shadow range along the extension line of the component. This prevents the addition of new components in the shadow-covered area, thus avoiding power generation efficiency loss due to mutual shading in the later stages.

[0107] By superimposing and verifying the above four types of constraints, it is ensured that all enumerated component layout schemes meet construction and operation and maintenance requirements. Furthermore, by setting these four types of constraints, it can also serve as a pruning rule for the solution space tree, reducing the search space for invalid schemes, effectively avoiding the computational explosion problem caused by exhaustively enumerating all combinations, and shortening the layout design time.

[0108] The essence of the solution space tree is to transform the component arrangement problem into a tree structure search problem, where each node represents a feasible arrangement scheme and the edges represent state transitions under constraints.

[0109] With the cross-sections divided, each cross-section is used as an initial node, and the corresponding empty layout state is initialized. By combining the above side view information, constraints, photovoltaic module size information and preset module layout, the basic layout scheme of each cross-section can be generated, that is, the cross-section layout, which is used as the first layer node of the tree.

[0110] Then, using the preset splicing conditions as tree pruning rules, starting from the first section, i.e. the root node, the process expands layer by layer according to the section order. That is, all arrangement schemes that meet their own constraints are generated for the current section as child nodes. For each child node, the preset splicing conditions with the previous section are checked, and only nodes that meet the conditions are retained. The above process is repeated until all sections are spliced, and the leaf nodes are the complete component arrangement schemes.

[0111] Taking a double-sloped roof composed of different single arrays spliced ​​together from different cross sections as an example, namely single array A, single array B, and single array C, the component arrangements of the spliced ​​single arrays are as follows: Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown.

[0112] By constructing a solution space tree, a feasibility study plan can be completed simultaneously during the scheme generation stage, further improving the planning efficiency of the corresponding photovoltaic module layout.

[0113] To avoid missing potential feasible solutions, the solution space tree is further traversed to obtain all feasible component arrangement candidate schemes.

[0114] Specifically, traversing the solution space tree to obtain several component arrays includes:

[0115] The solution space of the solution space tree is discretized based on the unit component width and component spacing.

[0116] Based on the grid points of the discretized solution space, the solution space tree is traversed to obtain several component arrays.

[0117] To avoid redundant calculations, the solution space of the solution space tree is discretized into horizontal and vertical solution spaces. Then, based on the unit component width and component spacing, the solution space is further divided into multiple grid points. Using these grid points, the solution space tree is traversed by selecting different base points to obtain all feasible photovoltaic module arrangements, with each arrangement corresponding to a module array. This discretization effectively compresses the search space and improves the enumeration efficiency of photovoltaic module arrangement schemes.

[0118] The listed component arrays were created without considering the effects of shading. Obstacles on gable roofs, such as chimneys, vents, and ridges, cast shadows at different times. Ignoring these shadows could lead to some components being permanently obscured, reducing power generation efficiency or system performance. Therefore, calculating the shadows cast by obstacles on gable roofs is crucial for correcting the individual component arrays. This eliminates ineffective locations within a limited space, ensuring the component layout better fits the roof structure and avoiding wasted space or high retrofit costs due to haphazard arrangement.

[0119] Specifically, the modification of each component array by incorporating the obstacle shadows of the gable roof includes:

[0120] Identify obstacle features and obtain the obstacle type for each obstacle;

[0121] Calculate the shadow volume of each obstacle based on its type;

[0122] Calculate the intersecting contour region between each shadow volume and the component array in planar form;

[0123] Based on the intersecting contour regions of the plane, the components that intersect with the shadow volume in each component array are subtracted.

[0124] The obstacle types specifically include flat-roof obstacles, sloping-roof obstacles, and line segment obstacles. By identifying obstacle features such as columnar features with arbitrary polygonal cross-sections, sloping-roof features with rectangular cross-sections, and line segment features in all directions, the obstacle types existing on a gable roof can be effectively identified.

[0125] First, determine the corresponding shadow unit based on the shadow cast by the obstacle per unit height line segment. Then, combining the obstacle type and corresponding obstacle characteristics, calculate the corresponding shadow volume by translating the shadow unit around the shadow area swept along the perimeter of the corresponding obstacle edge.

[0126] Furthermore, considering that the corresponding obstacles are three-dimensional objects, in order to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of the subsequent calculation of the contour area intersecting with the plane of the component array, each height shadow is further split, thereby realizing the splitting of the obstacle shadow volume and determining all shadow areas involved by the obstacle.

[0127] Based on this, the planar intersection contour regions of each shadow volume and the component array are further calculated, including:

[0128] Traverse each edge of the shadow body and calculate the intersection point of the corresponding line segment with the corresponding plane of the component array;

[0129] Based on the intersection point calculation results, the intersection contour of the shadow body on the component plane is obtained, and the corresponding plane intersection contour area is determined.

[0130] The edges of the traversed shadow volume are the edges of the shadow regions corresponding to the various height shadows. If a shadow region intersects with the component plane, it proves that the intersection point will be affected by the shadow of an obstacle, resulting in occlusion.

[0131] The areas covered by the intersecting planar contour region are all regions affected by obstacle shadows and unsuitable for component installation. Therefore, further subtraction is performed using the intersecting planar contour region to remove components in each component array that would intersect with the shadow body. This ensures that the corrected component arrays represent the highest power generation efficiency scheme under shadow avoidance.

[0132] A schematic diagram of component subtraction based on the obstacle shadow volume using one of the component arrays is shown below. Figure 6 As shown.

[0133] The number of modules installed directly affects the overall power generation of residential photovoltaic systems. The more modules installed, the higher the overall power generation. During the scheme enumeration process, multiple influencing factors such as installation requirements and shading are already considered. The solution space tree presents the optimal solution while satisfying these factors. Therefore, after refining the module array, the optimal module array is directly determined by the number of modules.

[0134] Specifically, the step of selecting the optimal component array from the modified component array based on the number of components includes:

[0135] Calculate the number of components in each corrected component array, and select the component array with the most components as the optimal component array.

[0136] Selecting the array with the most components as the optimal array allows for the maximum arrangement of photovoltaic modules while meeting multiple constraints such as installation requirements and cost limitations, thus achieving the optimal solution for the module arrangement scheme.

[0137] As the load-bearing frame of photovoltaic modules, the inclined beams need to provide rigid support for the modules to ensure their stability under external forces such as wind and snow loads, and to avoid safety hazards such as module deformation and falling off due to insufficient support. Therefore, after determining the optimal module layout scheme, the corresponding inclined beam layout is set up to realize the automated optimal layout of the inclined beams, so as to improve the photovoltaic module layout scheme and further optimize the installation efficiency of photovoltaic modules on double-slope roofs.

[0138] Among them, obtaining the photovoltaic module layout scheme for a gable roof based on the optimal module array includes:

[0139] Obtain component outlines based on the optimal component array;

[0140] Calculate the inclined beam layout area based on the component outline;

[0141] The inclined beam arrangement area is minimized using a greedy algorithm.

[0142] Optimize photovoltaic module layout scheme based on the minimum arrangement of inclined beams.

[0143] First, extract the two-dimensional projected contours of all components from the optimal component array to form the geometric set of the area to be supported. Then, based on the outer boundaries of the component contours, expand the feasible arrangement range of the inclined beams, i.e., the inclined beam arrangement area. When determining the feasible arrangement range, engineering constraints need to be further introduced.

[0144] The specific engineering constraints for the arrangement of inclined beams include: Components with a span greater than a preset value are considered edge components, and an inclined beam must be placed within a 700mm radius of each edge component. Inclined beams cannot be placed in obstacle areas. The span of edge inclined beams is 2000mm, and the span of middle inclined beams is 2200mm, and the span must be a multiple of 100, 50, or 10. At least two inclined beams must be installed under each row of components, and inclined beams between different rows must be aligned, with the spacing between inclined beams kept as uniform as possible. Inclined beams can be cut at both ends, but cannot be broken in the middle.

[0145] After determining the layout area of ​​the inclined beams and the corresponding engineering constraints, a greedy algorithm is further introduced to minimize the layout of the inclined beams.

[0146] In the process of minimizing the arrangement of inclined beams using a greedy algorithm, the inclined beam position that can cover the most component support points is selected from the edge of the component array or dense area, and gradually expanded inward. Each time an inclined beam is added, the boundary of the unsupported component is covered first.

[0147] Optimizing the photovoltaic module layout by minimizing the arrangement of inclined beams can reduce the amount of installation materials and the cost of corresponding brackets while meeting the structural strength requirements of the photovoltaic module layout. It can also further improve the installation process of the photovoltaic module layout and improve the efficiency of subsequent construction.

[0148] Another aspect of this embodiment also provides a photovoltaic module arrangement system for a gable roof, such as... Figure 7 As shown, it includes:

[0149] Preprocessing module 1 is used to split the cross-section of the gable roof;

[0150] The component array generation module 2, connected to the preprocessing module 1, is used to construct a solution space tree of component arrangement based on the split sections and the preset component arrangement, and generate a component array by traversing the solution space tree.

[0151] The shadow correction module 3, connected to the component array generation module 2, is used to calculate the obstacle shadow volume of the double-sloped roof and correct each generated component array according to the shadow volume;

[0152] The layout scheme module 4, connected to the shadow correction module 3, is used to select the optimal module array from the corrected module arrays to obtain the photovoltaic module layout scheme.

[0153] The photovoltaic module arrangement system further includes:

[0154] The scheme optimization module 5 is connected to the layout scheme module 4. It is used to plan the inclined beam layout based on the optimal component array and optimize the photovoltaic module layout scheme based on the inclined beam layout planning results.

[0155] The aforementioned preprocessing module 1, component array generation module 2, shadow correction module 3, layout scheme module 4, and scheme optimization module 5 are all components and devices such as microcontrollers and computers that carry relevant algorithms such as cross-section splitting, solution space tree construction and traversal algorithms, shadow volume calculation and component array correction, optimal component array selection, and inclined beam layout planning. Through data interaction and cooperation between the modules, the optimal planning of photovoltaic module layout schemes can be effectively achieved.

[0156] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Other variations and modifications are possible without departing from the technical solutions described in the claims.

Claims

1. A method for arranging photovoltaic modules on a gable roof, characterized in that, include: Sectional segmentation of the gable roof based on the roof profile; Based on the preset component layout, construct a solution space tree for the component arrangement according to each cross-section; Traverse the solution space tree to obtain several component arrays; The array of each component is corrected by combining the obstacle shadows of the double-sloped roof; Based on the number of components, select the optimal component array from the corrected component array; The photovoltaic module layout scheme for a gable roof is obtained based on the optimal module array.

2. The photovoltaic module arrangement method for a double-sloped roof according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of constructing a solution space tree for component arrangement based on a preset component layout and each cross-section includes: Identify the corresponding roof type based on the side view information of each section; Set the constraint conditions for each section according to the corresponding roof type; Based on the corresponding constraints, combined with the photovoltaic module size information and the preset module layout, the cross-sectional layout of each section is constructed; Based on the preset splicing conditions, the cross-sectional arrangements of each section are spliced ​​together to construct a solution space tree for the component arrangement.

3. The photovoltaic module arrangement method for a double-sloped roof according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preset splicing conditions include single array constraint, same plane constraint, component spacing constraint, and extension line occlusion constraint.

4. The photovoltaic module arrangement method for a double-sloped roof according to claim 1, characterized in that, The traversal of the solution space tree yields several component arrays, including: The solution space of the solution space tree is discretized based on the unit component width and component spacing. Based on the grid points of the discretized solution space, the solution space tree is traversed to obtain several component arrays.

5. The photovoltaic module arrangement method for a double-sloped roof according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of modifying the array of components by incorporating the obstacle shadows of the gable roof includes: Identify obstacle features and obtain the obstacle type for each obstacle; Calculate the shadow volume of each obstacle based on its type; Calculate the intersecting contour region between each shadow volume and the component array in planar form; Based on the intersecting contour regions of the plane, the components that intersect with the shadow volume in each component array are subtracted.

6. The photovoltaic module arrangement method for a double-sloped roof according to claim 5, characterized in that, The calculation of the intersecting contour region between each shadow volume and the component array includes: Traverse each edge of the shadow body and calculate the intersection point of the corresponding line segment with the corresponding plane of the component array; Based on the intersection point calculation results, the intersection contour of the shadow body on the component plane is obtained, and the corresponding plane intersection contour area is determined.

7. The photovoltaic module arrangement method for a double-sloped roof according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of selecting the optimal component array from the corrected component array based on the number of components includes: Calculate the number of components in each corrected component array, and select the component array with the most components as the optimal component array.

8. The photovoltaic module arrangement method for a double-sloped roof according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the photovoltaic module layout scheme for a gable roof based on the optimal module array includes: Obtain component outlines based on the optimal component array; Calculate the inclined beam layout area based on the component outline; The inclined beam arrangement area is minimized using a greedy algorithm. Optimize photovoltaic module layout scheme based on the minimum arrangement of inclined beams.

9. A photovoltaic module arrangement system for a gable roof, used to execute the photovoltaic module arrangement method for a gable roof as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, include: The preprocessing module is used to split the cross-section of the gable roof; The component array generation module, connected to the preprocessing module, is used to construct a solution space tree of component arrangement based on the split sections and the preset component arrangement, and generate a component array by traversing the solution space tree. The shadow correction module, connected to the component array generation module, is used to calculate the obstacle shadow volume of the gable roof and correct each generated component array based on the shadow volume. The layout scheme module, connected to the shadow correction module, is used to select the optimal module array from the corrected module arrays to obtain the photovoltaic module layout scheme.

10. The photovoltaic module arrangement system for a gable roof according to claim 9, characterized in that, Also includes: The scheme optimization module, connected to the layout scheme module, is used to plan the inclined beam layout based on the optimal component array, and optimize the photovoltaic module layout scheme based on the inclined beam layout planning results.

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