Time domain electromagnetic coupling calculation method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a time-domain electromagnetic coupling calculation method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of electromagnetic fields. Compared with the prior art, a multi-conductor transmission line system is divided into cascaded transmission line units, and an external electromagnetic field horizontal component is equivalent to a transverse voltage source; an improved telegraph equation is established in combination with a pre-training field line coupling model, a multi-port Norton equivalent circuit is constructed after modulus conversion, the structure is simplified by utilizing the characteristics of a short-circuit admittance matrix, the ultra wide band and strong transient characteristics of high-altitude electromagnetic pulses can be adapted, and the complexity of the model is reduced. The technical problems that in an existing field line coupling modeling method, due to the fact that a distributed voltage source equivalent strategy is adopted, model complexity is high and computing resource consumption is large under high-altitude electromagnetic pulse excitation can be solved, and the purposes that the complexity of a multi-conductor transmission line system field line coupling model is reduced, computing resource consumption is reduced, and the modeling efficiency is improved are achieved. And the coupling modeling efficiency in the extreme electromagnetic environment is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of electromagnetic field technology, and in particular to a time-domain electromagnetic coupling calculation method and apparatus, electronic equipment and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Electromagnetic field and transmission line coupling modeling technology, as an important foundation for electromagnetic compatibility analysis and protection design, is widely used in power systems, high-speed communication networks, and aerospace equipment. With the increasing prominence of extreme electromagnetic environments such as high-energy microwaves, traditional field-line coupling models face numerous challenges in handling the complex coupling relationships between transient excitations and multi-conductor systems. Related technologies typically employ the collaborative operation of the Agrawal field-line coupling model and the Distributed Electromagnetic Parameters Active Coupled Transmission-line (DEPACT) macro-model to construct an equivalent circuit model of the external excitation and transmission line system. Specifically, this technical system covers the entire process from electromagnetic field excitation modeling and transmission line parameter extraction to time-domain response calculation, including key aspects such as voltage source equivalence, phase mode transformation, and multi-port network optimization.

[0003] In this field-line coupling modeling method, the equivalent strategy of distributed voltage source is directly adopted. Due to the ultra-wideband and strong transient characteristics of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HAEP) excitation, the model has high complexity and consumes a lot of computational resources. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure provides a time-domain electromagnetic coupling calculation method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium. Its main purpose is to address the problems of high model complexity and high computational resource consumption caused by the ultra-wideband and strong transient characteristics of HAEP excitation.

[0005] According to a first aspect of this disclosure, a method for calculating time-domain electromagnetic coupling is provided, comprising:

[0006] The multi-conductor transmission line system is divided into a predetermined number of cascaded transmission line units, and the horizontal component of the external electromagnetic field is equivalent to a transverse voltage source distributed on the lossless transmission line of each of the transmission line units.

[0007] Based on the pre-trained field-line coupling model, an improved telegraph equation is established for the lossless transmission line in each transmission line unit under the external electromagnetic field excitation.

[0008] The column vectors of scattered voltage and total current in the improved telegraph equations are converted into modulus form;

[0009] Based on the time-domain telegraph equations in modulus form, a multi-port Norton equivalent circuit is constructed, and the circuit structure of the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit is simplified by utilizing the property that the non-main diagonal of the short-circuit admittance matrix is ​​zero.

[0010] Optionally, dividing the multi-conductor transmission line system into a predetermined number of cascaded transmission line units, and equating the horizontal component of the external electromagnetic field with a transverse voltage source distributed on the lossless transmission line of each of the transmission line units, includes:

[0011] The transverse voltage source is concentrated and equivalent to the two ports of each transmission line unit according to the geometric distribution characteristics of the transmission line, so as to reduce the number of computing nodes;

[0012] Based on the time-domain waveform characteristics of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse excitation, the transverse voltage source is subjected to time-domain interpolation to improve the resolution and modeling accuracy of the excitation signal in the time domain.

[0013] Optionally, the step of establishing the improved telegraph equations for the lossless transmission lines in each transmission line unit under the external electromagnetic field excitation, based on the pre-trained field-line coupling model, includes:

[0014] By adopting an improved telegraph equation form, the coupling effect of the external electromagnetic field excitation is introduced into the voltage and current boundary conditions of the lossless transmission line, resulting in the improved telegraph equation.

[0015] The frequency domain expression of the improved telegraph equation is converted into a time domain differential equation using the inverse Fourier transform method to support transient response analysis.

[0016] Optionally, converting the scattered voltage and total current column vectors in the improved telegraph equations into modulus form includes:

[0017] Construct a phase mode transformation matrix, which is used to convert the coupling relationship between multiple conductors into an independent modulus relationship;

[0018] The improved telegraph equations are discretized in the time domain to meet the solution requirements of numerical calculation methods.

[0019] Optionally, the construction of a multi-port Norton equivalent circuit based on the modulus-form time-domain telegraph equations, and the simplification of the circuit structure of the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit by utilizing the property that the off-diagonal of the short-circuit admittance matrix is ​​zero, includes:

[0020] Based on the sparsity of the short-circuit admittance matrix, only the admittance parameters on the main diagonal are retained to obtain the simplified circuit structure of the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit.

[0021] The circuit parameters of the simplified multi-port Norton equivalent circuit are mapped to equivalent voltage sources and equivalent impedances.

[0022] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0023] Time-domain simulation was performed on the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit to extract the voltage and current responses of each conductor port, and the electromagnetic compatibility performance of the multi-conductor transmission line system under high-altitude electromagnetic pulse excitation was evaluated based on the responses.

[0024] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, a time-domain electromagnetic coupling computing device is provided, comprising:

[0025] A partitioning unit is used to divide a multi-conductor transmission line system into a predetermined number of cascaded transmission line units, and to equate the horizontal component of the external electromagnetic field to a transverse voltage source distributed on the lossless transmission line of each of the transmission line units.

[0026] A unit is established to establish an improved telegraph equation for the lossless transmission line in each transmission line unit under the external electromagnetic field excitation, based on a pre-trained field-line coupling model.

[0027] A conversion unit is used to convert the scattered voltage and total current column vectors in the improved telegraph equations into modulus form;

[0028] The construction unit is used to construct a multi-port Norton equivalent circuit based on the time-domain telegraph equation in the modulus form, and to simplify the circuit structure of the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit by utilizing the property that the non-main diagonal of the short-circuit admittance matrix is ​​zero.

[0029] Optionally, the partitioning unit is further configured to:

[0030] The transverse voltage source is concentrated and equivalent to the two ports of each transmission line unit according to the geometric distribution characteristics of the transmission line, so as to reduce the number of computing nodes;

[0031] Based on the time-domain waveform characteristics of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse excitation, the transverse voltage source is subjected to time-domain interpolation to improve the resolution and modeling accuracy of the excitation signal in the time domain.

[0032] Optionally, the establishment unit is further configured to:

[0033] By adopting an improved telegraph equation form, the coupling effect of the external electromagnetic field excitation is introduced into the voltage and current boundary conditions of the lossless transmission line, resulting in the improved telegraph equation.

[0034] The frequency domain expression of the improved telegraph equation is converted into a time domain differential equation using an inverse Fourier transform device to support transient response analysis.

[0035] Optionally, the conversion unit is further configured to:

[0036] Construct a phase mode transformation matrix, which is used to convert the coupling relationship between multiple conductors into an independent modulus relationship;

[0037] The improved telegraph equations are discretized in the time domain to meet the solution requirements of numerical computing devices.

[0038] Optionally, the building unit is further configured to:

[0039] Based on the sparsity of the short-circuit admittance matrix, only the admittance parameters on the main diagonal are retained to obtain the simplified circuit structure of the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit.

[0040] The circuit parameters of the simplified multi-port Norton equivalent circuit are mapped to equivalent voltage sources and equivalent impedances.

[0041] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0042] The evaluation unit is used to perform time-domain simulation of the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit, extract the voltage and current responses of each conductor port, and evaluate the electromagnetic compatibility performance of the multi-conductor transmission line system under high-altitude electromagnetic pulse excitation based on the responses.

[0043] According to a third aspect of this disclosure, an electronic device is provided, comprising:

[0044] At least one processor; and

[0045] A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0046] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method described in the first aspect above.

[0047] According to a fourth aspect of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided storing computer instructions, wherein the computer instructions are configured to cause the computer to perform the method described in the first aspect above.

[0048] According to a fifth aspect of this disclosure, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in the first aspect above.

[0049] The time-domain electromagnetic coupling calculation method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium disclosed herein mainly include the following technical solutions: dividing a multi-conductor transmission line system into a predetermined number of cascaded transmission line units, and equating the horizontal component of the external electromagnetic field with a transverse voltage source distributed on the lossless transmission line of each of the transmission line units; establishing an improved telegraph equation for the lossless transmission line in each of the transmission line units under the excitation of the external electromagnetic field based on a pre-trained field-line coupling model; converting the scattered voltage and total current column vectors in the improved telegraph equation into modulus form; constructing a multi-port Norton equivalent circuit based on the modulus form of the time-domain telegraph equation, and simplifying the circuit structure of the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit by utilizing the characteristic that the non-main diagonal of the short-circuit admittance matrix is ​​zero. Compared with related technologies, this application, by dividing the multi-conductor transmission line system into cascaded transmission line units and equipping the horizontal component of the external electromagnetic field as a transverse voltage source, and establishing an improved telegraph equation in conjunction with a pre-trained field-line coupling model, constructing a multi-port Norton equivalent circuit after modulus conversion, and simplifying the structure by utilizing the short-circuit admittance matrix characteristics, can adapt to the ultra-wideband and strong transient characteristics of high-altitude electromagnetic pulses, reducing model complexity. Therefore, it can solve the technical problem of high model complexity and large computational resource consumption caused by the use of distributed voltage source equivalent strategies in existing field-line coupling modeling methods under high-altitude electromagnetic pulse excitation, achieving the technical effect of reducing the complexity of the field-line coupling model of multi-conductor transmission line systems, reducing computational resource consumption, and improving the coupling modeling efficiency under extreme electromagnetic environments.

[0050] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this application, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this application. Other features of this application will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0051] The accompanying drawings are provided to better understand this solution and do not constitute a limitation of this disclosure. Wherein:

[0052] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a time-domain electromagnetic coupling calculation method provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0053] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a time-domain electromagnetic coupling computing device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of another time-domain electromagnetic coupling computing device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0055] Figure 4 A schematic block diagram of an example electronic device provided for embodiments of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, including various details of the embodiments to aid understanding, and should be considered merely exemplary. Therefore, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure. Similarly, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0057] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, outlines a time-domain electromagnetic coupling calculation method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0058] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a time-domain electromagnetic coupling calculation method provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0060] Step 101: Divide the multi-conductor transmission line system into a predetermined number of cascaded transmission line units, and equate the horizontal component of the external electromagnetic field to a transverse voltage source distributed on the lossless transmission line of each of the transmission line units.

[0061] The entire multi-conductor transmission line system is divided into a predetermined number of cascaded transmission line units. This division method is based on the core idea of ​​the Delay Extraction Macro Model Method (DEPACT). By decomposing the transmission line into several cascaded unit structures, the analysis difficulty of complex transmission line systems can be effectively simplified, laying the foundation for subsequent accurate calculations. Each transmission line unit can be considered an independent basic analysis module. The units are electrically connected through cascading to form a complete transmission line system model. This modular division not only helps reduce computational complexity but also fully leverages the advantage of the DEPACT macro model, which requires only a small number of segments to achieve high computational accuracy, meeting the requirements for computational efficiency. Meanwhile, regarding the excitation effect of the external electromagnetic field on the transmission line system, based on the theoretical foundation of the Agrawal field-line coupling model, the effect of the external excitation electric field can be equivalent to a voltage source distributed along the transmission line. Specifically, within each transmission line unit, the horizontal component of the incident excitation field is further equivalent to a series of transverse voltage sources distributed along the lossless transmission line within each unit. These transverse voltage sources are arranged at different positions along the lossless transmission line, accurately reflecting the excitation effect of the horizontal component of the external electromagnetic field at different positions on the transmission line. This transforms the complex coupling relationship between the external electromagnetic field and the transmission line into an easily calculable equivalent circuit model, providing a crucial equivalent excitation source foundation for the subsequent establishment of a time-domain calculation model of the transmission line under external electromagnetic field excitation.

[0062] Step 102: Based on the pre-trained field-line coupling model, establish the improved telegraph equations for the lossless transmission lines in each transmission line unit under the excitation of the external electromagnetic field.

[0063] In establishing the time-domain computational model of a multi-conductor transmission line, after dividing the transmission line into units and equivalently processing the horizontal components of the external electromagnetic field, it is necessary to further establish improved telegraph equations for the lossless transmission line in each unit under external electromagnetic field excitation based on a pre-trained field-to-transmission line coupling model. The pre-trained field-to-transmission line coupling model adopts the Agrawal Field-to-Transmission Line Coupling Model. The core theory of this model states that the effect of the external excitation electric field on the transmission line can be equivalent to voltage sources distributed along the transmission line, which provides crucial theoretical support for establishing the improved telegraph equations. For each divided transmission line unit (i.e., the DEPACT unit), considering that the lossless transmission line within each unit is in the excitation environment of an external electromagnetic field, and that the horizontal components of the incident excitation field are equivalent to transverse voltage sources arranged at different positions along the lossless transmission line, these equivalent transverse voltage sources need to be incorporated into the construction of the basic transmission line equations to form the improved telegraph equations. This improved telegraph equation can accurately describe the electrical characteristics of a lossless transmission line under external electromagnetic field excitation, specifically the relationship between the scattered voltage and the total current in the transmission line. It quantifies the coupling effect between the external electromagnetic field and the transmission line in the form of mathematical equations, laying an important mathematical foundation for subsequent time-domain calculations using methods such as phase mode transformation. This ensures that the equation can reflect both the transmission characteristics of the lossless transmission line itself and accurately incorporate the influence of external electromagnetic field excitation, thereby achieving accurate modeling of the transmission line's response under the action of an external electromagnetic field.

[0064] Step 103: Convert the scattered voltage and total current column vectors in the improved telegraph equation into modulus form;

[0065] Phase mode transformation is a commonly used mathematical method in the analysis of multi-conductor transmission lines. Its core function is to convert the potentially coupled column vectors of scattered voltage and total current into independent moduli, thereby simplifying the solution process. Specifically, for the improved telegraph equations, the column vectors of scattered voltage and total current described therein may exhibit complex interactions due to electromagnetic coupling between multiple conductors under external electromagnetic field excitation. Phase mode transformation can decompose these column vectors into their corresponding moduli (i.e., the scattered voltage modulus U). m (x) and total current modulus I m(x)). This transformation process, based on the correspondence between the time and frequency domains, transforms the improved telegraph equation from its original form with column vectors as variables to a form with moduli as variables. This eliminates or simplifies the coupling relationship between the moduli in the equation, creating favorable conditions for the subsequent conversion of the equation into a time-domain form and efficient calculation. It also ensures that the description of the electrical characteristics of the transmission line under external electromagnetic field excitation is clearer and easier to analyze.

[0066] Step 104: Based on the time-domain telegraph equation in modulus form, construct a multi-port Norton equivalent circuit, and simplify the circuit structure of the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit by utilizing the property that the non-main diagonal of the short-circuit admittance matrix is ​​zero.

[0067] After converting the scattered voltage and total current column vectors to their modulo forms, a multi-port Norton equivalent circuit for a multi-conductor transmission line system is further constructed based on the obtained time-domain telegraph equations in modulo form. The multi-port Norton equivalent circuit, as an important equivalent model describing the electrical characteristics of multi-conductor transmission line networks, can transform complex transmission line networks into equivalent circuits containing current sources and admittances, facilitating the analysis and calculation of the transmission line's response under external electromagnetic field excitation. Specifically, combining the relationship between the scattered voltage and the total current modulus reflected in the time-domain telegraph equations in modulo form, a multi-port Norton equivalent circuit corresponding to each transmission line unit is established through circuit equivalent transformation, allowing the characteristics of the transmission line network under external electromagnetic field excitation to be intuitively represented through the equivalent circuit model. Simultaneously, during the construction process, the characteristics of the short-circuit admittance matrix are fully utilized to simplify the equivalent circuit structure. The short-circuit admittance matrix describes the admittance relationship between the ports of the multi-port network, and the non-main diagonal submatrices of this matrix are zero submatrices. This characteristic indicates that there is no electrical coupling between ports on different sides of the network, meaning that the excitation and response of each port are independent. Based on this, the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit, which may have complex coupling relationships, can be simplified into a more concise form, eliminating unnecessary coupling paths between ports. This not only reduces the complexity of the circuit model but also reduces parameter correlations in subsequent calculations, thereby significantly improving the solution efficiency of the time-domain calculation model of multi-conductor transmission lines and ensuring that the equivalent circuit can accurately and efficiently reflect the electrical behavior of the transmission line under external electromagnetic field excitation.

[0068] In some embodiments, dividing the multi-conductor transmission line system into a predetermined number of cascaded transmission line units, and equivalently representing the horizontal component of the external electromagnetic field as a transverse voltage source distributed on the lossless transmission lines of each of the transmission line units, includes:

[0069] The transverse voltage source is concentrated and equivalent to the two ports of each transmission line unit according to the geometric distribution characteristics of the transmission line, so as to reduce the number of computing nodes;

[0070] Based on the time-domain waveform characteristics of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse excitation, the transverse voltage source is subjected to time-domain interpolation to improve the resolution and modeling accuracy of the excitation signal in the time domain.

[0071] In dividing a multi-conductor transmission line system into a predetermined number of cascaded transmission line units, and equating the horizontal component of the external electromagnetic field with transverse voltage sources distributed along the lossless transmission lines of each transmission line unit, specific processing is required to further optimize computational efficiency and modeling accuracy. On one hand, based on the geometric distribution characteristics of the transmission line, the transverse voltage sources originally distributed at different locations along the lossless transmission line are centrally equivalent, specifically by centralizing these transverse voltage sources to the two ports of each transmission line unit. This centralized equivalence method fully utilizes the structural characteristics of the transmission line units, effectively reducing the number of nodes in the calculation process and avoiding increased computational complexity due to excessive distribution sources. It also aligns with the advantage of the DEPACT macromodel, which achieves efficient computation through fewer fractional segments, further improving overall computational efficiency. On the other hand, considering the rapidly changing time-domain waveform of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse excitation in the external electromagnetic field, time-domain interpolation processing is required for the equivalent transverse voltage sources to ensure accurate capture of the details of the excitation signal in the time domain. By using time-domain interpolation, the sampling points of the excitation signal in the time dimension can be refined, improving the resolution of the excitation signal in the time domain. This makes the model's description of the dynamic response to high-altitude electromagnetic pulse excitation more accurate, thereby improving the modeling accuracy of the entire multi-conductor transmission line time-domain calculation model and ensuring that subsequent analysis and calculation based on this equivalent voltage source can accurately reflect the electrical characteristics of the transmission line under actual excitation.

[0072] In some embodiments, establishing the improved telegraph equations for the lossless transmission lines in each transmission line unit under the external electromagnetic field excitation, based on the pre-trained field-line coupling model, includes:

[0073] By adopting an improved telegraph equation form, the coupling effect of the external electromagnetic field excitation is introduced into the voltage and current boundary conditions of the lossless transmission line, resulting in the improved telegraph equation.

[0074] The frequency domain expression of the improved telegraph equation is converted into a time domain differential equation using the inverse Fourier transform method to support transient response analysis.

[0075] When establishing the improved telegraph equations for the lossless transmission line under external electromagnetic field excitation in each transmission line unit based on the pre-trained field-line coupling model, targeted processing is required, combining the coupling characteristics of the external electromagnetic field and the optimization of the equation form. The pre-trained field-line coupling model is based on the Agrawal field-line coupling model, which clarifies that the effect of the external excitation electric field on the transmission line can be equivalent to a voltage source distributed along the transmission line, providing a theoretical basis for quantifying the coupling effect. In establishing the improved telegraph equations, an improved equation form is adopted, systematically introducing the coupling effect generated by the external electromagnetic field excitation into the voltage and current boundary conditions of the lossless transmission line. Specifically, by analyzing the electromagnetic induction relationship between the external electromagnetic field and the transmission line, the equivalent voltage source effect generated by the coupling effect is reflected in the mathematical description of the boundary conditions. This allows the improved telegraph equations to fully reflect the influence of the external electromagnetic field excitation on the voltage and current changes of the lossless transmission line, thereby accurately characterizing the electrical response characteristics of the transmission line under external excitation. Furthermore, considering the requirements of the time-domain equations for transient response analysis, the frequency domain expression of the improved telegraph equations is converted into a time-domain differential equation using the inverse Fourier transform method. While frequency domain expressions are convenient for analyzing the frequency characteristics of transmission lines, they are difficult to use directly for dynamic analysis of transient responses. However, by using the inverse Fourier transform, a mathematical tool, the relationship between voltage, current, and external excitation described in the frequency domain can be transformed into the time domain, resulting in a time-domain differential equation. This equation can intuitively reflect the changes in voltage and current over time, providing a directly usable mathematical model for subsequent transient response analysis of multi-conductor transmission lines under external electromagnetic field excitation. This effectively supports the accurate calculation and analysis of the dynamic electrical behavior of transmission lines.

[0076] In some embodiments, converting the scattered voltage and total current column vectors in the improved telegraph equations into modulus form includes:

[0077] Construct a phase mode transformation matrix, which is used to convert the coupling relationship between multiple conductors into an independent modulus relationship;

[0078] The improved telegraph equations are discretized in the time domain to meet the solution requirements of numerical calculation methods.

[0079] In converting the scattered voltage and total current column vectors in the improved telegraph equations into their modulus form, two key processes are required to achieve decoupling and numerical adaptation. First, a phase-mode transformation matrix needs to be constructed, which is the core tool for decoupling the coupling relationships in multi-conductor transmission lines. Due to electromagnetic coupling between conductors in a multi-conductor transmission line, the scattered voltage and total current column vectors exhibit complex interrelationships. The phase-mode transformation matrix, based on the characteristic parameters of the multi-conductor transmission line (such as inductance and capacitance), can transform these coupling relationships into independent modulus relationships. That is, through matrix transformation, the originally coupled scattered voltage and total current column vectors are decomposed into independent scattered voltage and total current moduli, eliminating mutual interference between components and simplifying the mathematical form of the equations, thus laying the foundation for subsequent solutions. Second, the improved telegraph equations need to be discretized in the time domain. The time-domain form of the improved telegraph equations is a continuous differential equation, while numerical calculation methods (such as the finite difference method) typically require a discretized form of the equations for solution. By discretizing the time domain, the relationship between voltage and current changes over time under continuous time variables is transformed into a numerical relationship at discrete time nodes. Differential operations are transformed into difference operations, enabling the improved telegraph equations to adapt to the solution requirements of numerical calculation methods. This ensures that the equations can be solved numerically by computer, thereby accurately obtaining the time domain response characteristics of multi-conductor transmission lines under external electromagnetic field excitation.

[0080] In some embodiments, constructing a multi-port Norton equivalent circuit based on the modulus-form time-domain telegraph equations and simplifying the circuit structure of the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit by utilizing the property that the off-diagonal of the short-circuit admittance matrix is ​​zero includes:

[0081] Based on the sparsity of the short-circuit admittance matrix, only the admittance parameters on the main diagonal are retained to obtain the simplified circuit structure of the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit.

[0082] The circuit parameters of the simplified multi-port Norton equivalent circuit are mapped to equivalent voltage sources and equivalent impedances.

[0083] In constructing a multi-port Norton equivalent circuit based on the modulus-form time-domain telegraph equations and simplifying the circuit structure by utilizing the characteristic that the off-diagonal submatrices of the short-circuit admittance matrix are zero, targeted processing is required to optimize the circuit model and transform parameters. First, when constructing the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit, the modulus-form time-domain telegraph equations are used as the foundation. These equations clearly describe the dynamic relationship between the scattered voltage modulus and the total current modulus in the time domain, providing a precise mathematical basis for establishing the equivalent circuit. Based on this, the sparsity characteristic of the short-circuit admittance matrix is ​​fully utilized—since the off-diagonal submatrices of the short-circuit admittance matrix are zero, this indicates that there is no electrical coupling between ports on different sides of the multi-port network, and the admittance characteristics of each port are determined only by its own parameters. Therefore, when simplifying the circuit structure, only the admittance parameters on the main diagonal of the short-circuit admittance matrix are retained, and the coupling paths corresponding to the zero elements on the off-diagonal are eliminated, thus obtaining a simplified multi-port Norton equivalent circuit. This simplification method not only significantly reduces the complexity of the equivalent circuit and eliminates unnecessary parameter correlations, but also ensures that the circuit model accurately reflects the independent electrical characteristics of each port. Furthermore, the circuit parameters of the simplified multi-port Norton equivalent circuit are mapped and transformed into equivalent voltage sources and equivalent impedances. The equivalent voltage source corresponds to the equivalent excitation effect of the external electromagnetic field at each port, while the equivalent impedance reflects the impedance characteristics of the transmission line unit itself. This mapping allows the complex characteristics of the transmission line network to be intuitively presented through a simple combination of equivalent voltage sources and equivalent impedances, providing an easily calculated and understandable circuit model foundation for subsequent time-domain response analysis of multi-conductor transmission line systems.

[0084] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0085] Time-domain simulation was performed on the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit to extract the voltage and current responses of each conductor port, and the electromagnetic compatibility performance of the multi-conductor transmission line system under high-altitude electromagnetic pulse excitation was evaluated based on the responses.

[0086] After establishing and simplifying the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit, the method further includes performing time-domain simulation analysis on the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit. The time-domain simulation is based on the constructed simplified multi-port Norton equivalent circuit, which has fully incorporated the excitation effects of external electromagnetic fields (especially high-altitude electromagnetic pulses) and the transmission characteristics and coupling relationships of the multi-conductor transmission line through previous steps. During the time-domain simulation, the equivalent circuit is subjected to a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse excitation time-domain waveform using circuit simulation tools. The voltage and current response data of each conductor port at different times are obtained through simulation calculations. These response data directly reflect the dynamic electrical behavior of the multi-conductor transmission line system under high-altitude electromagnetic pulse excitation. Furthermore, the electromagnetic compatibility performance of the multi-conductor transmission line system is evaluated based on the extracted voltage and current responses of each conductor port. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performance assessment primarily focuses on whether the response of a transmission line under strong external electromagnetic excitation exceeds a preset threshold and whether it will cause adverse interference to connected equipment or systems. By analyzing key parameters such as voltage peak value, current fluctuation amplitude, and response duration, it determines whether the transmission line system can operate stably in a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse environment and whether there is a risk of signal distortion, equipment malfunction, or damage. This comprehensive assessment of its EMC performance under high-altitude electromagnetic pulse excitation provides a basis for the design optimization and electromagnetic protection of multi-conductor transmission line systems.

[0087] Corresponding to the aforementioned time-domain electromagnetic coupling calculation method, this invention also proposes a time-domain electromagnetic coupling calculation device. Since the device embodiments of this invention correspond to the aforementioned method embodiments, details not disclosed in the device embodiments can be referred to the aforementioned method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0088] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a time-domain electromagnetic coupling computing device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, it includes:

[0089] The dividing unit 21 is used to divide the multi-conductor transmission line system into a preset number of cascaded transmission line units, and to equate the horizontal component of the external electromagnetic field to a transverse voltage source distributed on the lossless transmission line of each of the transmission line units.

[0090] Unit 22 is established to establish an improved telegraph equation for the lossless transmission line in each transmission line unit under the external electromagnetic field excitation, based on a pre-trained field-line coupling model.

[0091] Conversion unit 23 is used to convert the scattered voltage and total current column vectors in the improved telegraph equation into modulus form;

[0092] The construction unit 24 is used to construct a multi-port Norton equivalent circuit based on the time-domain telegraph equation in the modulus form, and to simplify the circuit structure of the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit by utilizing the property that the non-main diagonal of the short-circuit admittance matrix is ​​zero.

[0093] Furthermore, in one possible implementation of this disclosure embodiment, the partitioning unit 21 is further configured to:

[0094] The transverse voltage source is concentrated and equivalent to the two ports of each transmission line unit according to the geometric distribution characteristics of the transmission line, so as to reduce the number of computing nodes;

[0095] Based on the time-domain waveform characteristics of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse excitation, the transverse voltage source is subjected to time-domain interpolation to improve the resolution and modeling accuracy of the excitation signal in the time domain.

[0096] Furthermore, in one possible implementation of this disclosure, the establishing unit 22 is further configured to:

[0097] By adopting an improved telegraph equation form, the coupling effect of the external electromagnetic field excitation is introduced into the voltage and current boundary conditions of the lossless transmission line, resulting in the improved telegraph equation.

[0098] The frequency domain expression of the improved telegraph equation is converted into a time domain differential equation using an inverse Fourier transform device to support transient response analysis.

[0099] Furthermore, in one possible implementation of this disclosure, the conversion unit 23 is further configured to:

[0100] Construct a phase mode transformation matrix, which is used to convert the coupling relationship between multiple conductors into an independent modulus relationship;

[0101] The improved telegraph equations are discretized in the time domain to meet the solution requirements of numerical computing devices.

[0102] Furthermore, in one possible implementation of this disclosure, the construction unit 24 is further configured to:

[0103] Based on the sparsity of the short-circuit admittance matrix, only the admittance parameters on the main diagonal are retained to obtain the simplified circuit structure of the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit.

[0104] The circuit parameters of the simplified multi-port Norton equivalent circuit are mapped to equivalent voltage sources and equivalent impedances.

[0105] Furthermore, in one possible implementation of the embodiments of this disclosure, such as Figure 3 As shown, the device further includes:

[0106] Evaluation unit 25 is used to perform time-domain simulation of the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit, extract the voltage and current responses of each conductor port, and evaluate the electromagnetic compatibility performance of the multi-conductor transmission line system under high-altitude electromagnetic pulse excitation based on the responses.

[0107] It should be noted that the foregoing explanation of the method embodiments also applies to the apparatus of the embodiments of this disclosure, and the principle is the same. Therefore, the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0108] According to embodiments of this disclosure, this disclosure also provides an electronic device, a readable storage medium, and a computer program product.

[0109] Figure 4 A schematic block diagram of an example electronic device 400 that can be used to implement embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device may also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, cellular phones, smartphones, wearable devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present disclosure described and / or claimed herein.

[0110] like Figure 4 As shown, device 300 includes a computing unit 301, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on a computer program stored in ROM (Read-Only Memory) 302 or a computer program loaded from storage unit 308 into RAM (Random Access Memory) 303. RAM 303 can also store various programs and data required for the operation of device 300. The computing unit 301, ROM 302, and RAM 303 are interconnected via bus 304. I / O (Input / Output) interface 305 is also connected to bus 304.

[0111] Multiple components in device 300 are connected to I / O interface 305, including: input unit 306, such as keyboard, mouse, etc.; output unit 307, such as various types of monitors, speakers, etc.; storage unit 308, such as disk, optical disk, etc.; and communication unit 309, such as network card, modem, wireless transceiver, etc. Communication unit 309 allows device 300 to exchange information / data with other devices through computer networks such as the Internet and / or various telecommunications networks.

[0112] The computing unit 301 can be a variety of general-purpose and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the computing unit 301 include, but are not limited to, CPUs (Central Processing Units), GPUs (Graphics Processing Units), various special-purpose AI (Artificial Intelligence) computing chips, various computing units running machine learning model algorithms, DSPs (Digital Signal Processors), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. The computing unit 301 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as the time-domain electromagnetic coupling computing method. For example, in some embodiments, the time-domain electromagnetic coupling computing method can be implemented as a computer software program tangibly contained in a machine-readable medium, such as storage unit 308. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program can be loaded and / or installed on device 300 via ROM 302 and / or communication unit 309. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 303 and executed by the computing unit 301, one or more steps of the methods described above can be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the computing unit 301 may be configured to perform the aforementioned time-domain electromagnetic coupling calculation method by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0113] Various implementations of the systems and techniques described above herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits), ASSPs (Application-Specific Standard Products), SOCs (System-on-Chips), CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Devices), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various implementations may include implementations in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a dedicated or general-purpose programmable processor, capable of receiving data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmitting data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0114] The program code used to implement the methods of this disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. This program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that when executed by the processor or controller, the program code causes the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, as a standalone software package partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0115] In the context of this disclosure, a machine-readable medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A machine-readable medium can be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. A machine-readable medium can be, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, RAM, ROM, EPROM (Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory) or flash memory, optical fiber, CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0116] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on a computer having: a display device for displaying information to the user (e.g., a CRT (Cathode-Ray Tube) or LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) monitor); and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user provides input to the computer. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including sound input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0117] The systems and technologies described herein can be implemented in computing systems that include backend components (e.g., as data servers), or middleware components (e.g., application servers), or frontend components (e.g., user computers with graphical user interfaces or web browsers through which users can interact with implementations of the systems and technologies described herein), or any combination of such backend, middleware, or frontend components. The components of the system can be interconnected via digital data communication (e.g., communication networks) of any form or medium. Examples of communication networks include LANs (Local Area Networks), WANs (Wide Area Networks), the Internet, and blockchain networks.

[0118] Computer systems can include clients and servers. Clients and servers are generally geographically separated and typically interact via communication networks. The client-server relationship is created by computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. A server can be a cloud server, also known as a cloud computing server or cloud host, a hosting product within the cloud computing service ecosystem, addressing the shortcomings of traditional physical hosts and VPS (Virtual Private Server, or simply "VPS") services, such as high management difficulty and weak business scalability. Servers can also be servers for distributed systems or servers incorporating blockchain technology.

[0119] It's important to note that artificial intelligence (AI) is the study of enabling computers to simulate certain human thought processes and intelligent behaviors (such as learning, reasoning, thinking, and planning). It encompasses both hardware and software technologies. AI hardware technologies generally include sensors, dedicated AI chips, cloud computing, distributed storage, and big data processing. AI software technologies primarily include computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, machine learning / deep learning, big data processing, and knowledge graph technologies.

[0120] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to rearrange, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution disclosed in this disclosure can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0121] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A time-domain electromagnetic coupling calculation method, characterized in that, include: The multi-conductor transmission line system is divided into a predetermined number of cascaded transmission line units, and the horizontal component of the external electromagnetic field is equivalent to a transverse voltage source distributed on the lossless transmission line of each of the transmission line units. Based on the pre-trained field-line coupling model, an improved telegraph equation is established for the lossless transmission line in each transmission line unit under the external electromagnetic field excitation. The column vectors of scattered voltage and total current in the improved telegraph equations are converted into modulus form; Based on the time-domain telegraph equations in modulus form, a multi-port Norton equivalent circuit is constructed, and the circuit structure of the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit is simplified by utilizing the property that the non-main diagonal of the short-circuit admittance matrix is ​​zero.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of dividing the multi-conductor transmission line system into a predetermined number of cascaded transmission line units, and equating the horizontal component of the external electromagnetic field with a transverse voltage source distributed on the lossless transmission line of each of the transmission line units, includes: The transverse voltage source is concentrated and equivalent to the two ports of each transmission line unit according to the geometric distribution characteristics of the transmission line, so as to reduce the number of computing nodes; Based on the time-domain waveform characteristics of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse excitation, the transverse voltage source is subjected to time-domain interpolation to improve the resolution and modeling accuracy of the excitation signal in the time domain.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The improved telegraph equations for the lossless transmission lines in each transmission line unit under external electromagnetic field excitation, based on the pre-trained field-line coupling model, include: By adopting an improved telegraph equation form, the coupling effect of the external electromagnetic field excitation is introduced into the voltage and current boundary conditions of the lossless transmission line, resulting in the improved telegraph equation. The frequency domain expression of the improved telegraph equation is converted into a time domain differential equation using the inverse Fourier transform method to support transient response analysis.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of converting the column vectors of scattered voltage and total current in the improved telegraph equation into modulus form includes: Construct a phase mode transformation matrix, which is used to convert the coupling relationship between multiple conductors into an independent modulus relationship; The improved telegraph equations are discretized in the time domain to meet the solution requirements of numerical calculation methods.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of a multi-port Norton equivalent circuit based on the modulus-form time-domain telegraph equations, and the simplification of the circuit structure of the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit by utilizing the property that the off-diagonal of the short-circuit admittance matrix is ​​zero, includes: Based on the sparsity of the short-circuit admittance matrix, only the admittance parameters on the main diagonal are retained to obtain the simplified circuit structure of the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit. The circuit parameters of the simplified multi-port Norton equivalent circuit are mapped to equivalent voltage sources and equivalent impedances.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Time-domain simulation was performed on the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit to extract the voltage and current responses of each conductor port, and the electromagnetic compatibility performance of the multi-conductor transmission line system under high-altitude electromagnetic pulse excitation was evaluated based on the responses.

7. A time-domain electromagnetic coupling computing device, characterized in that, include: A partitioning unit is used to divide a multi-conductor transmission line system into a predetermined number of cascaded transmission line units, and to equate the horizontal component of the external electromagnetic field to a transverse voltage source distributed on the lossless transmission line of each of the transmission line units. A unit is established to establish an improved telegraph equation for the lossless transmission line in each transmission line unit under the external electromagnetic field excitation, based on a pre-trained field-line coupling model. A conversion unit is used to convert the scattered voltage and total current column vectors in the improved telegraph equations into modulus form; The construction unit is used to construct a multi-port Norton equivalent circuit based on the time-domain telegraph equation in the modulus form, and to simplify the circuit structure of the multi-port Norton equivalent circuit by utilizing the property that the non-main diagonal of the short-circuit admittance matrix is ​​zero.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; as well as A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1-6.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, characterized in that, The computer instructions are used to cause the computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-6.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method according to any one of claims 1-6.

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