Wind-solar hydrogen storage multi-energy complementary cooperative control method based on energy router

Abstract

The invention discloses a wind-light hydrogen storage multi-energy complementary cooperative control method based on an energy router, is used for solving the core defects of low cross-energy form conversion efficiency, dynamic response lag, insufficient hydrogen energy cooperative control and the like in a wind-light hydrogen storage multi-energy complementary cooperative system, and belongs to the technical field of new energy cooperative control. According to the method, firstly, a hybrid system is constructed, the hybrid system is fused with an energy router, a distributed energy unit and a load prediction module, and the distributed energy unit comprises a covering fan, a photovoltaic unit, an energy storage battery and an electrolytic cell / fuel cell; the method comprises the following steps of: 1, constructing a multi-port energy router; 2, collecting multi-energy flow data and environmental parameters of the wind and light hydrogen storage equipment; step 3, constructing a hierarchical optimization model; 4, cooperative control of the hydrogen energy system; step 5, intelligent switching of a grid-connected / off-grid mode; the grid-connected / off-grid mode is intelligently switched according to the power grid state, renewable energy sources are preferentially consumed during grid connection, and the hydrogen storage system is started to supply power during off-grid.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of new energy collaborative control, and particularly relates to a wind-solar-hydrogen multi-energy complementary collaborative control method based on an energy router. BACKGROUND

[0002] The fluctuation and intermittence characteristics of new energy power generation and the random load characteristics of large-scale charging stations bring severe challenges to power grid safety. On the one hand, wind power and photovoltaic power are greatly affected by natural conditions, and often appear the phenomenon of "extreme heat without wind" and "no light in the evening peak", which makes the power grid bear 15%-30% of the counter-peaking pressure. After large-scale grid connection, the system moment of inertia is reduced and the frequency regulation capability is weakened, which causes problems such as voltage fluctuation and subsynchronous oscillation. On the other hand, the superposition of large-scale fast charging stations and peak residential electricity consumption will increase the risk of voltage deviation, harmonic pollution and transformer overload of the distribution network.

[0003] In order to improve the new energy consumption capacity, a wind-solar-hydrogen multi-energy complementary collaborative system emerges as the times require. It optimizes energy allocation through an electricity-gas-electricity closed loop structure, prioritizes grid connection of wind / photovoltaic power generation, stores excess electricity in the form of hydrogen by electrolyzing water, and reversely supplies power by fuel cells according to demand to balance power generation output. At the same time, in order to reduce the cost of distribution transformation and improve energy utilization efficiency, such a multi-energy complementary system needs to be closely combined with the "substation + charging and hydrogen exchange station + data center station" three-station integration mode to realize the sharing of energy storage devices and data resources. However, it cannot be ignored that this integration mode also faces technical difficulties such as the inertia scale difference of multi-source heterogeneous energy, the complex collaborative scheduling of hydrogen energy equipment and power system, and the high requirement of data centers on power supply reliability.

[0004] In the face of the above problems, the energy router, as the "intelligent center" of the multi-energy collaborative system, plays a crucial role. Its multi-port flexible access supports multiple energy plug-and-play, realizes mixed AC / DC power distribution and multi-voltage level adaptation, dynamically adjusts energy flow with the help of solid-state transformers and modular multilevel conversion technology, and smoothes power generation and load impact. By embedding data mining and prediction algorithms, it collaborates with energy storage, hydrogen production and other equipment and grid strategies to achieve economic optimal operation of "source-grid-load-storage". Therefore, the construction of a wind-solar-hydrogen multi-energy collaborative system and the realization of intelligent regulation and control relying on the energy router are the key to solving the problems of new energy consumption and power grid stability. SUMMARY

[0005] The application aims to provide a wind-solar-hydrogen multi-energy complementary collaborative control method based on an energy router, which solves the core defects of low cross-energy form conversion efficiency, dynamic response lag and insufficient hydrogen energy collaborative control in the wind-solar-hydrogen multi-energy complementary collaborative system.

[0006] The application is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0007] A wind-solar-hydrogen multi-energy complementary collaborative control method based on an energy router, first constructs a hybrid system, the hybrid system integrates an energy router, a distributed energy unit and a load prediction module, the distributed energy unit includes wind turbines, photovoltaic, energy storage batteries, electrolyzers / fuel cells;

[0008] The specific method comprises the following steps:

[0009] Step one, constructing a multi-port energy router;

[0010] Step two, collecting multi-energy flow data and environmental parameters of wind-solar-hydrogen equipment;

[0011] Step three, constructing a hierarchical optimization model;

[0012] Step four, hydrogen energy system collaborative control;

[0013] Dynamic adjustment of power distribution of each port of the energy router, linkage of fuel cell waste heat and electric heating equipment to realize heat-electricity-hydrogen collaboration;

[0014] Step five, intelligent switching between grid-connected and off-grid modes;

[0015] Intelligent switching between grid-connected and off-grid modes according to the state of the power grid, preferentially consuming renewable energy when connected to the grid, and using the hydrogen storage system to supply power when off-grid;

[0016] Further preferably, the structure of the multi-port energy router comprises:

[0017] a. Common DC bus architecture, connecting N voltage source converter ports and power distribution network ports;

[0018] The voltage source converter port includes an energy access type port and a guarantee function type port, the energy access type port includes a photovoltaic port, a wind turbine port, an energy storage port and a hydrogen energy port, and the guarantee function type port includes a redundant power supply port;

[0019] The power distribution network port is a power grid interaction type port, which supports AC / DC bidirectional power conversion with the external power distribution network, and adapts to the switching demand between grid-connected and off-grid modes;

[0020] b. The power electronic interface of each port supports AC / DC converter, wide voltage input

[0021] DC / DC converter group;

[0022] The DC / DC converter group adopts silicon carbide devices, the switching frequency is ≥100 kHz, the overall efficiency is ≥98%, supports 48-1500V DC input, and is compatible with fan, photovoltaic, energy storage and hydrogen energy equipment plug and play access. The above equipment accesses the energy router through the corresponding special port, and the hydrogen energy equipment is composed of a plurality of hydrogen energy management units;

[0023] Among them, the photovoltaic port integrates an MPPT controller, and the energy storage port is configured with a dynamic power distribution algorithm with state of charge (SOC) constraint;

[0024] The hydrogen energy management unit includes a pressure-temperature double closed loop control module, which optimizes the cooperative strategy of electrolytic hydrogen production and fuel cell power generation in real time;

[0025] c. Redundant power module to ensure continuous operation of critical control units in case of failure;

[0026] The redundant power module has built-in fault isolation. When the electrolytic cell overheats or the hydrogen storage tank pressure exceeds the limit, the corresponding port is automatically cut off and switched to backup power. The core module of the energy router has obvious advantages. It adopts a multi-port common DC bus structure, connects N voltage source type converter ports and power distribution network ports, and supports plug and play access of photovoltaic, fan, energy storage, hydrogen energy equipment and power grid. Each port is configured with an AC / DC converter and a wide voltage input DC / DC converter group. The DC / DC converter adopts silicon carbide (SiC) devices, the switching frequency is ≥100 kHz, the overall efficiency is ≥98%, and it supports a wide voltage input range of 48-1500V. The built-in redundant power module ensures the continuous operation of the following key control units, such as the hydrogen storage tank pressure limit, the system will trigger the pressure relief valve and preferentially call hydrogen power generation, while isolating the abnormal port.

[0027] Further preferably, the hydrogen energy management unit monitors the hydrogen storage tank pressure and electrolytic cell temperature in real time, and dynamically adjusts the hydrogen production rate and fuel cell power generation power;

[0028] The hydrogen storage tank pressure monitoring includes:

[0029] Set the pressure safety interval. When the pressure is lower than the lowest pressure in the interval, the fuel cell power generation is prohibited;

[0030] When the pressure is higher than the highest pressure in the interval, the pressure relief valve is automatically started and hydrogen power generation is preferentially called.

[0031] Further preferably, the data to be collected in step two includes:

[0032] Multi-energy flow data: including fan output power, photovoltaic array MPPT power, energy storage charge and discharge power, grid interaction power, hydrogen energy system input / output power, hydrogen storage tank pressure, electrolyzer working temperature, fuel cell exhaust temperature, hydrogen purity, hydrogen storage tank remaining capacity, and DC bus voltage, AC grid frequency;

[0033] Environmental parameters: including ambient temperature, light irradiance, wind speed, humidity, air pressure;

[0034] The collection of the above data is performed through a distributed communication ring network, with optical fiber and wireless dual-channel redundant transmission, and the data is synchronously collected every 500 ms;

[0035] The photovoltaic and fan data is uploaded through the Modbus-TCP protocol, the energy storage and hydrogen energy data is transmitted through the CAN bus, and the grid state data is interacted through the IEC 61850 protocol;

[0036] The above-mentioned data to be collected is collected by special sensors (such as power sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, and environmental radiation sensors) deployed on the equipment, and the collected data is stored in a time series database for data fusion and abnormality processing. The multi-energy flow data (such as power, hydrogen storage tank pressure, temperature, etc.) and environmental parameters (temperature, irradiance, wind speed, etc.) of the wind-solar-hydrogen storage equipment are synchronously collected every 500 ms.

[0037] Further preferably, the data fusion and abnormality processing includes:

[0038] Noise filtering: Kalman filtering algorithm is used to eliminate sensor noise for power and voltage data;

[0039] Fluctuation smoothing: sliding average method is used for wind-solar power data, and the window length N is adaptively adjusted according to the fluctuation rate:

[0040]

[0041] where ΔP max is the maximum power fluctuation in the previous 1 minute, P rated is the rated power of the equipment;

[0042] Abnormal compensation: when a data breakpoint (such as communication interruption) is detected, historical contemporaneous data and linear extrapolation algorithm are called for interpolation compensation, and the compensation duration is ≤30 seconds;

[0043] Alarm and protection: using the collected multi-energy flow data and environmental parameters, real-time comparison with preset safety threshold, identify the over-limit data, trigger three levels of alarm control, first level alarm is sound and light prompt and record log; second level alarm is automatic load reduction operation (power reduction to 50%); third level alarm is emergency shutdown and start nitrogen purge, nitrogen purge is to replace the residual hydrogen in the equipment with nitrogen inert gas, to avoid the mixture of hydrogen and air to form an explosive environment, to ensure system safety;

[0044] Over-limit data (such as hydrogen storage tank pressure > 3.0 MPa, electrolytic cell temperature > 85℃) is defined as data exceeding the preset safety threshold or normal operating range of the system.

[0045] Data fusion rule: time stamp alignment and spatial interpolation fusion are used for multi-source heterogeneous data to generate a unified time series database; redundant sensor data is integrated by confidence weighting method, and the weight calculation formula is:

[0046]

[0047] Where, δ i is the historical error standard deviation of the i-th sensor, and the final fusion value

[0048] Further preferably, the step three grading optimization model includes a minute-level control layer and a hour-level control layer, which realizes dynamic power balance and economic optimization through a multi-time scale coordination mechanism, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0049] The minute-level control layer adjusts the energy storage and hydrogen energy output in real time through model predictive control algorithm at the time scale of seconds to minutes, smooths the renewable energy fluctuation and maintains the system dynamic stability;

[0050] The hour-level control layer optimizes the energy storage and hydrogen energy scheduling plan at the time scale of hours, reduces the system operation cost and responds to the time-of-use electricity price;

[0051] The multi-time scale coordination mechanism realizes the dynamic coupling of the two control layers by transferring the reference parameters from the hour-level to the minute-level and feeding back the real-time correction data from the minute-level to the hour-level.

[0052] The minute-level control layer requires the combined output of wind, light, storage and hydrogen systems to meet the load demand, grid interaction and network loss fluctuation in real time, to ensure the dynamic power balance of the system, and the formula is:

[0053] P wind (t)+P pv (t)+P storage (t)+P hydrogen (t)

[0054] =Pload (t) + P grid (t) ± ΔP loss (t)

[0055] where: P wind (t) and P pv (t) represent the actual output power of wind turbine and photovoltaic array at time t, respectively; P storage (t) is the charge / discharge power of energy storage system at time t, with the constraint of i.e. the energy storage power needs to be within the rated charge / discharge power range of the device; P hydrogen (t) is the operating power of hydrogen energy system at time t, with positive value representing electrolysis hydrogen production mode (consumption of electric energy) and negative value representing fuel cell power generation mode (output of electric energy); P load (t) is the load power demand; P grid (t) is the interactive power with the large power grid (positive for power purchase and negative for power sale); ΔP loss (t) is the fluctuation of system network loss power, allowing positive and negative deviation P storage (t) is the energy storage charge / discharge power, satisfying

[0056] The minute-level control layer needs to be optimized in real time, and the objective function is:

[0057]

[0058] the absolute deviation of output and predicted value, used to quantify the random fluctuation of renewable energy, the square term (ΔP 2 波动 (t)) aims to suppress the impact of large fluctuations on system stability; C 惩罚 (t) includes wind and light abandonment penalty, energy storage overcharge / overdischarge penalty and hydrogen energy device overrun penalty; α and β are weight factors for adjusting fluctuation suppression and penalty cost, which need to be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time operation state of the system.

[0059] The minute-level control layer adopts model predictive control (MPC) algorithm, which takes into account wind and light fluctuation accommodation, energy storage life optimization and hydrogen energy device safety through dynamic model prediction and real-time feedback correction, significantly improving system economy and reliability, including:

[0060] The control strategy is updated every 5-15 minutes, and the wind and light output and load demand in the next 15-30 minutes are predicted;

[0061] The constraint condition is that the energy storage SOC range SOC min ≤ SOC(t) ≤ SOC max and the hydrogen energy device power change rate limit |P hydrogen (t) - Phydrogen (t-1) | ≤ ΔP max .

[0062] The economic optimization objective function of the hour-level control layer is:

[0063]

[0064] Wherein: k grid (t) is the time-of-use electricity price (yuan / kWh) of the power grid at time period t, reflecting the real-time price of the electricity market; P grid (t) is the power purchased from the main power grid at time period t (kW); the product term k grid (t)·P grid (t) reflects the power purchase expenditure at different time periods; c op is the unit operation cost coefficient of the electrolyzer and fuel cell (yuan / kW); P 电解 (t) is the operation power of the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment at time period t; P 燃料电池 (t) is the power generation of the fuel cell at time period t; c op ·(P 电解 (t) + P 燃料电池 (t)) is a linear term representing the equipment operation cost of the hydrogen energy system; ΔP 弃用 (t) is the renewable energy curtailment power at time period t (kW); γ is the penalty coefficient (yuan / kW 2 ); the curtailment penalty term is: The curtailment penalty cost.

[0065] The hour-level control layer needs to impose state constraints on the hydrogen storage tank, and the constraint equation is:

[0066]

[0067] Wherein: E hydrogen (t) and E hydrogen (t-1) represent the storage energy of the hydrogen storage tank at time t and t-1, respectively (kWh), and satisfy P 电解 (t) is the input electric power of the electrolyzer (kW), i.e., the electric energy used for electrolysis of water; η 电 is the efficiency of the electrolyzer, representing the ratio of electric energy conversion to hydrogen energy; Δt is the time interval (hours); η 电解 ·P 电解 (t)·Δt represents the process of the electrolyzer converting electric energy into hydrogen energy and storing it in the hydrogen storage tank, representing the hydrogen energy generated by the electrolyzer through electrolysis of water within time t; P 燃料电池 (t) is the output electric power of the fuel cell (kW); η 发电For the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell, the ratio of hydrogen energy conversion to electric energy is indicated; The hydrogen energy consumed by the fuel cell in time t is indicated.

[0068] The hour-level control layer needs energy storage scheduling, and the scheduling strategy includes: charging energy storage and starting electrolytic hydrogen production during the low valley period of electricity price; and preferentially calling energy storage discharge and fuel cell power generation during the peak period of electricity price.

[0069] The multi-time scale coordination mechanism includes:

[0070] The hour-level transmits the energy storage SOC target value SOC to the minute-level ref And the hydrogen energy plan output

[0071] The minute-level real-time feedback actual wind and light output deviation ΔP wind / pv (t) to the hour-level, and the trigger rescheduling condition is

[0072] When the energy storage SOC deviates from the safe range (SOC(t)<SOC min +5% or SOC(t)>SOC max -5%), the minute-level control layer preferentially performs the following operations:

[0073] If SOC(t) is too low, the energy storage discharge power is forcibly limited, and the fuel cell is started to supplement power;

[0074] If SOC(t) is too high, the energy storage charging power is forcibly limited, and part of the renewable energy is abandoned.

[0075] Further preferably, the dynamic adjustment of the power distribution of each port of the energy router in step four includes:

[0076] In grid-connected mode, wind and light power generation is preferentially consumed, and excess power drives the electrolytic tank to produce hydrogen, with an efficiency of ≥65%;

[0077] In off-grid mode, the fuel cell is started to generate power, with an efficiency of ≥50%, and load reduction protection is triggered every time the hydrogen storage tank pressure drops by 0.1MPa;

[0078] The energy router realizes the cooperation of thermoelectricity and hydrogen, which includes:

[0079] The waste heat of the fuel cell is recovered through a heat exchange system and is jointly adjusted with the electric heating equipment to regulate the microgrid heat load;

[0080] When the waste heat power is insufficient, the thermal energy of the heat storage tank is preferentially called, and then the electric heating equipment is started;

[0081] The electrolytic tank temperature is maintained at 60-80℃ using a PID algorithm, and when the temperature is too high, the hydrogen production power is reduced by 10% per ℃.

[0082] More preferably, the intelligent switching control logic for on-grid and off-grid modes described in step five includes:

[0083] Real-time monitoring of bus voltage and frequency; when the grid voltage deviation exceeds ±10% or the frequency exceeds the limit, switch to off-grid mode and activate the hydrogen storage system to mitigate the power shortage.

[0084] After the power grid is restored, seamless grid connection is achieved through phase synchronization and power pre-synchronization, with a switching time of ≤100ms.

[0085] More preferably, the energy router communicates with a third-party energy management system via the OPC UA protocol, supporting remote command coverage and manual intervention.

[0086] More preferably, the key control unit includes a hydrogen energy management unit responsible for monitoring the pressure of the hydrogen storage tank and the temperature of the electrolyzer and dynamically adjusting the hydrogen production and power generation; a dynamic scheduling algorithm module based on MPC technology to realize minute-level power allocation and hour-level hydrogen energy scheduling; a data acquisition and processing module that collects data through a wireless dual-channel communication ring network and performs noise filtering, fluctuation smoothing and other processing; and a power electronic interface control module that regulates the operation of each port converter to realize power allocation.

[0087] This invention employs wide-voltage plug-and-play interface technology, which significantly improves overall energy efficiency and hydrogen energy utilization, extends equipment life, and provides a highly flexible, low-cost zero-carbon multi-energy supply solution for industrial parks and off-grid microgrids.

[0088] Compared with existing methods, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0089] This invention embeds a comprehensive hydrogen energy lifecycle economic model, covering the entire chain from hydrogen production, storage and transportation, power generation, to heat recovery, into the energy router control logic. It solves the multi-timescale coupling problem based on a minute-to-hour hierarchical scheduling algorithm. Compared to traditional solutions, it achieves breakthroughs in fluctuation adaptability, equipment compatibility, and overall benefits, providing a highly flexible, low-cost zero-carbon energy system model for industrial parks, microgrids, and other scenarios, contributing to the achievement of "dual-carbon" goals. Attached Figure Description

[0090] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0091] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0092] Figure 1 A flow chart of the method of the present application is shown.

[0093] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the system structure of the multi-port energy router of the present application is shown.

[0094] Figure 3 A flow chart of the data acquisition and processing of the present application is shown.

[0095] Figure 4 A flow chart of the grid-connected / off-grid mode switching of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0096] In order to enable a more clear understanding of the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application, the scheme of the present application will be further described below. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0097] In the description, it should be noted that the terms "first", "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. It should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integrally connected; it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0098] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein; obviously, the examples in the description are only some of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. The specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0099] Embodiment one

[0100] A wind-solar-hydrogen storage multi-energy complementary cooperative control method based on an energy router, first constructs a hybrid system, the hybrid system integrates an energy router, a distributed energy unit and a load prediction module, the distributed energy unit includes wind turbines, photovoltaic, energy storage batteries, electrolytic cells / fuel cells;

[0101] The specific method comprises the following steps:

[0102] Step one, constructing a multi-port energy router;

[0103] Step two, collecting multi-energy flow data and environmental parameters of wind-solar-hydrogen storage equipment;

[0104] Step three, build a hierarchical optimization model;

[0105] Step four, hydrogen energy system collaborative control;

[0106] Dynamic adjustment of energy router port power distribution, linkage of fuel cell waste heat and electric heating equipment to realize heat-electricity-hydrogen collaboration;

[0107] Step five, on / off grid mode intelligent switching;

[0108] According to the state of the power grid, the on / off grid mode is intelligently switched, and when connected to the grid, renewable energy is preferentially consumed, and when off-grid, the hydrogen storage system is used to supply power;

[0109] The structure of the multi-port energy router includes:

[0110] a. Common DC bus architecture, connecting N voltage source converter ports and power distribution network ports;

[0111] The voltage source converter port includes energy access type port and security function type port, the energy access type port includes photovoltaic port, wind turbine port, energy storage port, hydrogen energy port, and the security function type port includes redundant power supply port;

[0112] The power distribution network port is a grid interaction type port, which supports AC / DC bidirectional power conversion with external power distribution network, and adapts to on / off grid mode switching requirements;

[0113] b. The power electronic interface of each port supports AC / DC converter, wide voltage input

[0114] DC / DC converter group;

[0115] The DC / DC converter group uses silicon carbide devices, the switching frequency is ≥100kHz, the overall efficiency is ≥98%, supports 48-1500V DC input, and is compatible with wind turbine, photovoltaic, energy storage and hydrogen energy equipment plug and play access. The above equipment accesses the energy router through the corresponding special port, and the hydrogen energy equipment is composed of many hydrogen energy management units;

[0116] Among them, the photovoltaic port integrates M PPT controller, and the energy storage port configures dynamic power distribution algorithm with state of charge (SOC) constraint;

[0117] The hydrogen energy management unit contains a pressure-temperature double closed loop control module, which optimizes the collaborative strategy of electrolytic hydrogen production and fuel cell power generation in real time;

[0118] c. Redundant power module to ensure continuous operation of critical control units in case of failure;

[0119] The redundant power module has built-in fault isolation. When the electrolytic tank overheats or the hydrogen storage tank pressure exceeds the limit, the corresponding port is automatically cut off and switched to a backup energy source. The core control unit of the energy router is connected with each port converter through internal communication lines to obtain real-time converter operating parameters. Meanwhile, an expansion interface is reserved to support plug-and-play of newly added energy devices. The control unit compares the real-time collected device operating data with the safety threshold based on preset logic instructions to provide accurate judgment basis for fault response of the redundant power module.

[0120] The hydrogen energy management unit monitors the hydrogen storage tank pressure and electrolytic tank temperature in real time and dynamically adjusts the hydrogen production rate and fuel cell power generation power.

[0121] The hydrogen storage tank pressure monitoring includes:

[0122] A pressure safety interval is set. When the pressure is lower than the lowest pressure in the interval, the fuel cell power generation is prohibited.

[0123] When the pressure is higher than the highest pressure in the interval, the pressure relief valve is automatically started and the hydrogen energy power generation is preferentially called.

[0124] The data to be collected in step two includes:

[0125] Multi-energy flow data: including fan output power, photovoltaic array MPPT power, energy storage charge and discharge power, grid interaction power, hydrogen energy system input / output power, hydrogen storage tank pressure, electrolytic tank working temperature, fuel cell exhaust temperature, hydrogen purity, hydrogen storage tank remaining capacity, and DC bus voltage, AC grid frequency;

[0126] Environmental parameters: including environmental temperature, light irradiance, wind speed, humidity, air pressure;

[0127] The above data is collected through a distributed communication ring network, and is transmitted redundantly through optical fiber and wireless dual channels every 500 ms.

[0128] Photovoltaic and wind turbine data are uploaded through the Modbus-TCP protocol, energy storage and hydrogen energy data are transmitted through the CAN bus, and grid state data are interacted through the IEC 61850 protocol.

[0129] The collected data is stored in a time series database for data fusion and abnormality processing. The collected data includes:

[0130] Multi-energy flow data: including fan output power, photovoltaic array MPPT power, energy storage charge and discharge power, grid interaction power, hydrogen energy system (electrolytic tank / fuel cell) input / output power, hydrogen storage tank pressure (MPa), electrolytic tank working temperature (℃), fuel cell exhaust temperature (℃), hydrogen purity (%), hydrogen storage tank remaining capacity (kg), and DC bus voltage, AC grid frequency;

[0131] Environmental parameters: including ambient temperature, light irradiance (W / m 2 ), wind speed (m / s), humidity (%), air pressure (kPa);

[0132] The collected data is stored in a time series database for data fusion and anomaly processing.

[0133] The data fusion and anomaly processing includes:

[0134] Noise filtering: Kalman filtering algorithm is used to eliminate sensor noise for power and voltage data;

[0135] Wave smoothing: sliding average method is used for wind and light power data, and window length N is adaptively adjusted according to volatility rate:

[0136]

[0137] Where, ΔP max is the maximum power fluctuation in the previous 1 minute, P rated is the rated power of the device;

[0138] Abnormal compensation: when data breakpoints (such as communication interruption) are detected, historical contemporaneous data and linear extrapolation algorithm are called for interpolation compensation, and the compensation duration is ≤30 seconds;

[0139] Alarm and protection: using the collected multi-energy flow data and environmental parameters, real-time comparison with preset safety threshold is made to identify out-of-limit data, and three levels of alarm control are triggered after identification, the first level alarm is sound and light prompt and records log; the second level alarm is automatic load reduction operation (power is reduced to 50%); the third level alarm is emergency shutdown and nitrogen purge is started;

[0140] Data fusion rule: time stamp alignment and spatial interpolation fusion are used for multi-source heterogeneous data to generate a unified time series database; through confidence weighted method, redundant sensor data is integrated, and the weight calculation formula is:

[0141]

[0142] Where, δ i is the historical error standard deviation of the i-th sensor, and the final fusion value

[0143] The hierarchical optimization model in step three includes a minute-level control layer and a hour-level control layer, which realizes dynamic power balance and economic optimization through multi-time scale collaborative mechanism, the specific steps are as follows:

[0144] The minute-level control layer adjusts the energy storage and hydrogen energy output in real time through a model predictive control algorithm in a time scale of seconds to minutes, to suppress renewable energy fluctuations and maintain system dynamic stability.

[0145] The hour-level control layer optimizes the energy storage and hydrogen energy scheduling plan in a time scale of hours, to reduce system operation cost and respond to time-of-use electricity price.

[0146] The multi-time scale coordination mechanism realizes dynamic coupling of the two control layers by transferring reference parameters from the hour level to the minute level and feeding back real-time correction data from the minute level to the hour level.

[0147] The dynamic adjustment of the energy router in step four includes power distribution of each port.

[0148] In grid-connected mode, wind and solar power generation is preferentially consumed, and excess power drives the electrolyzer to produce hydrogen, with an efficiency of ≥65%.

[0149] In off-grid mode, fuel cells are started to generate power, with an efficiency of ≥50%, and a load shedding protection is triggered when the hydrogen storage tank pressure drops by 0.1 MPa.

[0150] The energy router realizes heat, electricity, and hydrogen coordination, including:

[0151] The waste heat of the fuel cell is recovered through a heat exchange system and is jointly adjusted with the electric heating equipment to regulate the microgrid heat load.

[0152] When the waste heat power is insufficient, the thermal storage tank heat energy is preferentially called, and then the electric heating equipment is started.

[0153] The electrolyzer temperature is maintained at 60-80℃ using a PID algorithm, and when the temperature exceeds, the hydrogen production power is reduced by 10% per ℃.

[0154] The on-grid and off-grid mode intelligent switching control logic in step five includes:

[0155] The bus voltage and frequency are monitored in real time, and when the grid voltage deviation exceeds ±10% or the frequency exceeds the limit, the system switches to off-grid mode and enables the hydrogen storage system to suppress power gaps.

[0156] After the grid is restored, seamless grid connection is achieved through phase synchronization and power pre-synchronization, with a switching time of ≤100 ms.

[0157] The energy router communicates with the third-party energy management system through the OPC UA protocol, supports remote instruction override, and manual intervention.

[0158] The key control unit includes a hydrogen energy management unit responsible for monitoring the hydrogen storage tank pressure, electrolytic tank temperature, and dynamically adjusting the hydrogen production and power generation power; a dynamic scheduling algorithm module based on MPC technology to realize minute-level power distribution and hour-level hydrogen energy scheduling; a data acquisition and processing module that collects data through a wireless dual-channel communication ring network and completes noise filtering, fluctuation smoothing, and other processing; and a power electronic interface control module that regulates the operation of each port converter to achieve power distribution.

[0159] Embodiment two, industrial park microgrid implementation

[0160] System hardware configuration

[0161] 1. Energy equipment:

[0162] Wind power equipment: equipped with 2MW double-fed asynchronous generator, output voltage 690V AC, can efficiently capture wind energy and convert it into electric energy, suitable for connecting to the medium voltage AC side of the park.

[0163] Photovoltaic equipment: equipped with 1.5MW string inverter, DC side voltage 1500V DC, photovoltaic port integrated maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller, accurate tracking of light changes, maximizing the conversion efficiency of solar to green power.

[0164] Energy storage equipment: uses 500kW / 1MWh lithium ion battery pack, DC bus voltage 800VDC, energy storage port configures state of charge (SOC) dynamic power distribution algorithm, automatically charges and stores when power surplus, intelligently discharges when power is short or system fluctuates, ensuring power supply stability. Hydrogen energy system: composed of 200Nm 3 / h proton exchange membrane electrolytic tank (DC input 48V DC) and 100kW fuel cell (DC output 120V DC), realizing bidirectional conversion of electric energy and hydrogen energy; access to pressure-temperature double closed loop control module, accurately control electrolysis, hydrogen storage, power generation process parameters, ensure safe and efficient operation of the system.

[0165] Thermal load equipment: equipped with 500kW heat pump (refrigeration and heating coefficient COP=3.2) and 200kWh heat storage tank, store and allocate heat energy as needed, meet the park's heating / cooling load demand, improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0166] 2. Key components of energy router:

[0167] Multi-port interface: adopts common DC bus (800V DC) technical solution, integrates AC / DC bidirectional converter (supports 690V AC and 800V DC AC / DC bidirectional conversion) and DC / DC wide voltage conversion module (input range 48-1500V DC); wherein the DC / DC module selects silicon carbide (SiC) power device, switching frequency ≥100kHz, energy conversion efficiency ≥98%, which can adapt to the plug-and-play needs of fan, photovoltaic, energy storage, hydrogen energy and power grid, realize multi-energy flow flexible interaction and efficient management and control.

[0168] Communication module: supports 5G and OPC UA protocol, realizes real-time data interaction with park energy management system (EMS) and power grid dispatching center.

[0169] Control flow implementation steps

[0170] 1. Multi-source data acquisition and prediction:

[0171] Data acquisition: through 5G and OPC UA protocol communication module, multi-energy flow data and environmental parameters are collected synchronously every 500ms. After Kalman filter denoising, the collected data is stored in time series database. When communication is interrupted, three-level compensation is triggered: 0-10 seconds call the latest 1 minute historical data interpolation; 10-30 seconds linear extrapolation compensation (error ≤5%); >30 seconds to safe mode (priority to guarantee 1 level load).

[0172] Data prediction: automatically call weather API every day at 0:00 to obtain 24-hour wind and light prediction data (wind speed, irradiance), combine historical load curve (peak value of electric load 2.8MW, valley value 1.2MW; winter heat load peak value 400kW) and production plan, output electric / heat load prediction curve; synchronously access real-time electricity price signal (valley electricity 0.2 yuan / kWh: 00:00-08:00; peak electricity 1.2 yuan / kWh: 18:00-22:00), provide input for dispatching decision.

[0173] 2. Hierarchical optimization scheduling plan generation:

[0174] Hourly economic dispatching layer: based on hydrogen energy full life cycle model, calculate electrolytic cell hydrogen production cost (including electricity price, cooling water energy consumption) and fuel cell power generation income (including electricity sales income, waste heat utilization value), and develop economic optimization instruction. The objective function is to minimize the purchase cost of electricity, equipment operation and maintenance cost and penalty for abandoned electricity, and the constraint conditions include hydrogen energy range (E_min≤E_hydrogen≤E_max) and energy storage SOC limit (20%-90%). Minute-level real-time control layer: adopts MPC algorithm to update strategy every 5-15 minutes, predicts wind and light output for next 15-30 minutes, and the objective function is to suppress power fluctuation (ΔP_fluctuation 2) With the minimization of penalty cost (wind and light abandoned, equipment over limit), the electrolytic cell power fluctuation is ≤ ± 5%.

[0175] 3. Hydrogen energy system coordinated control:

[0176] According to the hierarchical optimization results, the port power is dynamically allocated. During the valley electricity period (00:00-08:00), the electrolytic cell is full load hydrogen production (200Nm 3 / h), and the energy storage is simultaneously charged to SOC 90%; during the peak electricity period (18:00-22:00), the fuel cell generates 100kW of electricity + the energy storage discharges 300kW, the waste heat is supplied to the 500kW heat pump (COP=3.2) through the heat exchanger, and the heat storage tank supplements the heat gap, and the total heat supply power reaches 300kW (20kW waste heat + 80kW electric heating).

[0177] 4. Parallel / standalone intelligent switching:

[0178] When connected to the grid, wind and light power generation is preferentially consumed, and surplus power is used to produce hydrogen or sell electricity (e.g. when photovoltaic power is excessive at 12:00-13:00, the electrolytic cell power is increased to 180kW, and the remaining 200kW is sold); when the grid voltage deviation is greater than ± 10% or the frequency is abnormal, the system switches to standalone mode within 100ms, and the fuel cell + energy storage is used to maintain the bus voltage stability, ensuring uninterrupted power supply for communication, control and other Class 1 loads.

[0179] Example three, offshore energy system implementation

[0180] System deployment

[0181] 1. Energy equipment layout:

[0182] Wind turbine: arranged on the offshore platform to provide stable wind power generation.

[0183] Photovoltaic system: distributed on the floating platform or wind turbine tower, complementary to wind power to make up for the intermittency of wind power.

[0184] Electrolytic hydrogen production device: integrated in the offshore booster station, using surplus electricity to electrolyze seawater (with a seawater desalination module) to produce high-purity hydrogen.

[0185] Energy storage system: uses a combination of electricity and hydrogen, lithium iron phosphate batteries are used for short-term power fluctuation smoothing, and high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks or liquid hydrogen storage tanks provide long-term energy storage capacity.

[0186] Hydrogen energy utilization end: equipped with fuel cells, which can generate electricity in reverse when there is a lack of electricity, and can be transported to the onshore hydrogen energy market through ships or pipelines.

[0187] 2. System topology:

[0188] Offshore layer: The energy router is the core, and the common DC bus architecture is adopted. AC / DC converters (adapted to the AC output of the wind turbine) and DC / DC wide voltage modules (48-1500V DC, SiC devices) are configured to connect the wind turbine, photovoltaic system, electrolytic hydrogen production device (including seawater desalination module), and lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage.

[0189] Onshore layer: The onshore layer is connected to the power grid through the submarine cable interface, and hydrogen energy is transported by transport ships to form a "offshore power generation-hydrogen production-onshore utilization" closed loop.

[0190] Control method

[0191] 1. Real-time collection of multi-energy flow data and environmental parameters:

[0192] Through the distributed optical fiber and wireless redundant communication ring network, the output of the wind turbine, the MPPT power of the photovoltaic system, the hydrogen production amount (Nm 3 / h) of the electrolytic cell, the pressure (20%-80% safe interval) of the hydrogen storage tank, the exhaust temperature of the fuel cell, and the environmental parameters (offshore wind speed, illumination, humidity) are collected. The data is smoothed by the moving average method (window length N=5+10xΔP_max / P_rated), and three-level alarms (load reduction / shutdown) are triggered when abnormal.

[0193] 2. Construction of hierarchical optimization model:

[0194] Hourly scheduling plans hydrogen supply and demand based on load forecasting, and the objective function is to minimize the purchase cost of electricity, hydrogen production energy consumption, and wind curtailment penalty. The SOC safety threshold and equipment power limit are constrained.

[0195] 3. Dynamic adjustment of power distribution and thermoelectric hydrogen cooperation:

[0196] Follow the strategy of "wind power hydrogen production first, hydrogen power backup": Excess wind power is used to drive dispersed electrolytic cells to produce hydrogen, and hydrogen is stored and transported by hybrid electric hydrogen transport ships. When there is a power gap, fuel cells are used for backup power generation, and waste heat is recovered to link with electric heating equipment to adjust the thermal load and improve the overall energy efficiency. When connected to the grid, wind and light are preferentially consumed, and excess power is used to produce hydrogen. When off-grid, millisecond-level switching is achieved through SSTS and PLL technology, fuel cells are used as the main power source, and power gray prediction is used to dynamically match the load to ensure continuous power supply.

[0197] 4. Intelligent switching between on-grid and off-grid:

[0198] When connected to the grid, wind and light are preferentially consumed, and excess power is used to produce hydrogen. When off-grid, millisecond-level switching is achieved through SSTS and PLL technology, hydrogen fuel cells are used as the main power source, energy storage is used to assist in smoothing the power gap, and load demand is dynamically matched.

[0199] Energy storage configuration and hydrogen energy storage and transportation:

[0200] 1. Energy storage configuration optimization scheme: With the help of particle swarm algorithm, the capacity of battery and hydrogen storage tank is optimized. Under the premise of meeting the demand of power supply, the investment cost and wind curtailment rate are balanced. Through dynamic response to electricity price signal, charging or hydrogen production operation is realized in low valley period, and discharging or hydrogen sales operation is realized in peak period, so as to achieve economic target.

[0201] 2. Hydrogen energy storage and transportation innovation mode: Deep sea dispersed hydrogen production mode is adopted, compact electrolytic cell and hydrogen storage device are integrated on floating wind turbine platform, and hydrogen is produced on site by using wind energy. Combined with hybrid electric hydrogen transport ship equipped with battery pack and hydrogen storage tank, flexible energy transportation is realized. This mode breaks through the transmission limit of traditional submarine cable, especially suitable for deep sea scene, and effectively reduces the transportation cost of hydrogen energy through periodic transportation of ship.

[0202] The invention effectively solves the problem of offshore wind power consumption, promotes the coordinated development of renewable energy and hydrogen energy industry, and provides important support for building new offshore energy system.

[0203] Example four, independent energy system implementation scheme of remote island

[0204] Energy equipment configuration:

[0205] 1. Wind and light equipment: Deploy small wind turbine generators with total power of 500kW in open areas and high places of the island, and use the rich wind energy resources of the island. At the same time, lay 300kW distributed photovoltaic components in the flat and sunny areas of the island, and make full use of solar energy.

[0206] 2. Energy storage and hydrogen energy equipment: Equip 200kW / 400kWh lead-acid battery energy storage system to deal with the intermittency of wind and light power generation. Install a set of 100Nm 3 / h alkaline electrolytic cell (36V DC) and 50kW solid oxide fuel cell (220V DC) hydrogen energy system to realize the conversion and storage of electric energy and hydrogen energy.

[0207] 3. Energy router components: Set AC / DC bidirectional converter (400V DC) to meet the AC / DC conversion needs of wind power, photovoltaic and energy storage equipment; equipped with DC / DC wide voltage conversion module (36-600V DC) to connect energy equipment of different voltage levels. Communication module adopts satellite communication and wireless communication combination to ensure stable communication with external and island equipment. Control strategy:

[0208] 1. Data acquisition and prediction:

[0209] Real-time wind speed and light intensity are obtained by weather sensors every hour, combined with historical load data and seasonal characteristics of the island to predict the future 6-hour electricity load. Since there is no real-time electricity price signal on the island, the control is mainly aimed at energy self-sufficiency and equipment life maintenance.

[0210] 2. Build a hierarchical optimization model:

[0211] Based on the rule scheduling strategy, a hierarchical model is built: the upper layer aims to prioritize photovoltaic power consumption, energy storage charging and discharging, and hydrogen production timing; the lower layer adjusts power in real time, with battery charging and discharging depth ≤70% and wind turbine overload protection when the wind speed exceeds the rated speed.

[0212] 3. Dynamic adjustment of power distribution and heat-electricity-hydrogen cooperation:

[0213] Prioritize photovoltaic power generation, when photovoltaic power generation exceeds load demand, store excess electricity in batteries or use it to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen; when light is insufficient and battery power is below 50%, start fuel cell power generation, while controlling wind power generation to supplement power to maintain power balance.

[0214] 4. On-grid and off-grid intelligent switching:

[0215] There is no grid access on the island, and the default off-grid mode is hydrogen storage system as the main power source, energy storage to assist in maintaining bus voltage stability, and load priority for communication equipment, energy storage charging, and hydrogen production equipment.

[0216] Energy equipment and system architecture:

[0217] 1. Energy equipment: Install 800kW photovoltaic components on the roof of the commercial complex to generate electricity using idle building space. Equip with 1MW electric refrigeration heat pump unit (COP=4.0) to meet the refrigeration and heating needs of the commercial complex, and configure 300kWh thermal storage tank for storing thermal energy. Introduce a 300kW / 600kWh ternary lithium battery energy storage system to stabilize power supply. The hydrogen energy system includes a 150Nm 3 / h proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (50V DC) and an 80kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (150V DC) to achieve diversified storage and utilization of energy.

[0218] 2. Energy router: With AC / DC bidirectional converter (400V DC) and DC / DC wide voltage conversion module (50-700V DC), it connects various energy equipment. Through the Ethernet communication module, it integrates with the energy management system (EMS) of the commercial complex to realize data interaction and centralized control.

[0219] Operation control process:

[0220] 1. Data collection and analysis: Real-time collection of photovoltaic output, load demand, indoor and outdoor temperature data, updated every 15 minutes. Combined with the business complex's operating hours and historical energy consumption data, predict the electrical and thermal load demand for the next 1-2 hours.

[0221] 2. Construction of hierarchical optimization model:

[0222] Hourly scheduling: Optimize energy storage and hydrogen energy plan, respond to time-of-use electricity prices (peak / valley electricity difference), target function is to minimize the purchase electricity cost + hydrogen production cost + abandoned light penalty.

[0223] Minute-level scheduling: MPC algorithm to smooth power fluctuations, with constraints on energy storage SOC 20%-90% and electrolyzer over-temperature load reduction (10% power reduction per °C).

[0224] 3. Dynamic adjustment of power distribution and heat-electricity-hydrogen coordination:

[0225] During the day when the light is sufficient and the electricity price is high, prefer to use photovoltaic power generation to meet the load demand, and store excess electricity in the battery or use it to produce hydrogen; at night or when photovoltaic power generation is insufficient, according to the battery power and real-time electricity price, decide whether to use battery discharge, fuel cell power generation or purchase electricity from the grid. For thermal load, prefer to use the waste heat generated by electric refrigeration heat pump units, and the insufficient part is supplemented by the heat storage tank.

[0226] 4. On-grid / off-grid intelligent switching:

[0227] When on-grid, prefer to consume photovoltaic power and participate in demand response (reduce load + buy less electricity during peak hours); when the grid fails, switch to off-grid mode, and the hydrogen storage system ensures the power supply of critical loads for businesses, with a switching time of ≤100ms.

[0228] The present application is suitable for intelligent microgrid, integrated energy system and other energy collaborative operation scenarios, and solves the control problem of energy volatility and multi-energy complementarity.

[0229] The method provided by the present application constructs a wind-solar-hydrogen multi-energy complementary collaborative system with a modular energy router as the core, through a dual breakthrough of physical layer architecture and control layer algorithm.

[0230] The present application has significant innovation points. Firstly, the multi-energy interface unified control is realized through the multi-port design of the energy router, so that the wind power, photovoltaic, battery and hydrogen energy equipment can be plug and play, and the system energy access compatibility is improved. Secondly, the dynamic optimization logic of electrolytic hydrogen production efficiency and fuel cell power generation cost is established, and through real-time correlation of hydrogen production efficiency, power generation cost, electricity price and equipment state parameters, the bidirectional conversion strategy of hydrogen production-power generation of hydrogen energy is optimized, and the full life cycle economy of the hydrogen energy system is optimized. Thirdly, combined with the MPC algorithm for hierarchical time scale scheduling, the minute-level power fluctuation regulation and the hour-level hydrogen energy supply and demand balance optimization are realized, and the multi-time scale coupling problem is solved.

[0231] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, which enables those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present application. Although the foregoing embodiments are described in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can be modified, or some or all of the technical features can be replaced by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments, and they should be covered in the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A multi-energy complementary and coordinated control method for wind, solar, and hydrogen storage based on an energy router, characterized in that: First, a hybrid system is constructed, which integrates an energy router, distributed energy units, and a load forecasting module. The distributed energy units include wind turbines, photovoltaics, energy storage batteries, and electrolyzers / fuel cells. The specific method includes the following steps: Step 1: Build a multi-port energy router; Step 2: Collect multi-energy flow data and environmental parameters from wind, solar, and hydrogen storage devices; Step 3: Construct a hierarchical optimization model; Step 4: Coordinated control of the hydrogen energy system; Dynamically adjust the power distribution of each port of the energy router, and link the waste heat of the fuel cell with the electric heating equipment to achieve thermo-electric hydrogen synergy; Step 5: Intelligent switching between parallel and offline network modes; The system intelligently switches between grid-connected and off-grid modes based on grid status. When connected to the grid, it prioritizes the consumption of renewable energy, and when off-grid, it activates the hydrogen storage system to supply power.

2. The wind-solar-hydrogen storage multi-energy complementary coordinated control method based on an energy router according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of the multi-port energy router includes: a. Common DC bus architecture, connecting N voltage source converter ports and power distribution ports; The voltage source converter ports include energy access ports and backup function ports. The energy access ports include photovoltaic ports, wind turbine ports, energy storage ports, and hydrogen energy ports. The backup function ports include redundant power supply ports. The distribution network port is a grid interaction port, which supports bidirectional AC / DC power conversion with the external distribution network and adapts to the switching requirements of grid connection / off-grid mode. b. The power electronic interfaces of the above ports support AC / DC converters and wide-voltage input DC / DC converter groups; The DC / DC converter group uses silicon carbide devices, with a switching frequency ≥100kHz, an overall efficiency ≥98%, supports 48-1500V DC input, and is compatible with plug-and-play access of wind turbines, photovoltaics, energy storage and hydrogen energy equipment. The above equipment is connected to the energy router through corresponding dedicated ports. Its hydrogen energy equipment is composed of numerous hydrogen energy management units. Among them, the photovoltaic port integrates an MPPT controller, and the energy storage port is configured with state of charge and a constrained dynamic power allocation algorithm; The hydrogen energy management unit includes a pressure-temperature dual closed-loop control module, which optimizes the coordinated strategy of electrolysis hydrogen production and fuel cell power generation in real time. c. Redundant power supply modules to ensure continuous operation of critical control units in the event of a failure; The redundant power module has built-in fault isolation. When the electrolyzer is detected to be overheated or the hydrogen storage tank pressure exceeds the limit, it will automatically cut off the corresponding port and switch to the backup power source.

3. A multi-energy complementary and coordinated control method for wind, solar, and hydrogen storage based on an energy router, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that: The hydrogen energy management unit monitors the hydrogen storage tank pressure and electrolyzer temperature in real time, and dynamically adjusts the hydrogen production rate and fuel cell power generation. The hydrogen storage tank pressure monitoring includes: Set a pressure safety range; when the pressure is lower than the minimum pressure in the range, the fuel cell will be prohibited from generating electricity. When the pressure exceeds the highest pressure in the range, the pressure relief valve is automatically activated and hydrogen power generation is prioritized.

4. A multi-energy complementary and coordinated control method for wind, solar, and hydrogen storage based on an energy router, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The data to be collected in step two includes: Multi-energy flow data includes: wind turbine output power, photovoltaic array MPPT power, energy storage charging and discharging power, grid interaction power, hydrogen energy system input / output power, hydrogen storage tank pressure, electrolyzer operating temperature, fuel cell exhaust temperature, hydrogen purity, hydrogen storage tank remaining capacity, as well as DC bus voltage and AC grid frequency. Environmental parameters include ambient temperature, solar irradiance, wind speed, humidity, and air pressure. The above data was collected through a distributed communication ring network, using dual-channel redundant transmission of fiber optic and wireless, with data collected synchronously every 500ms. Photovoltaic and wind turbine data are uploaded via Modbus-TCP protocol, energy storage and hydrogen energy data are transmitted via CAN bus, and grid status data are exchanged via IEC 61850 protocol; The data to be collected is acquired through dedicated sensors deployed on the device and stored in a time-series database for data fusion and anomaly handling.

5. A wind-solar-hydrogen storage multi-energy complementary coordinated control method based on an energy router according to claim 4, characterized in that: The data fusion and anomaly handling include: Noise filtering: Kalman filtering algorithm is used to eliminate sensor noise for power and voltage data; Fluctuation smoothing: A moving average method is used for wind and solar power data, and the window length N is adaptively adjusted according to the volatility. Where, ΔP max P represents the maximum power fluctuation in the previous minute. rated Rated power of the equipment; Anomaly compensation: When a data breakpoint is detected, interpolation compensation is performed using historical data from the same period and a linear extrapolation algorithm, with a compensation time of ≤30 seconds; Alarms and Protection: By collecting multi-energy flow data and environmental parameters, the system compares them with preset safety thresholds in real time. Once the data exceeds the limit, it triggers three levels of alarm control: Level 1 alarm is an audible and visual prompt and logs the alarm; Level 2 alarm is automatic load reduction; and Level 3 alarm is emergency shutdown and nitrogen purging. Data fusion rules: Multi-source heterogeneous data are fused using timestamp alignment and spatial interpolation to generate a unified time-series database; redundant sensor data are integrated using a confidence-weighted method, with the weight calculation formula as follows: Where, δ i The historical error standard deviation of the i-th sensor is the final fused value.

6. A multi-energy complementary and coordinated control method for wind, solar, and hydrogen storage based on an energy router, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: Step three involves a hierarchical optimization model that includes minute-level and hour-level control layers. This model achieves dynamic power balance and economic optimization through a multi-timescale collaborative mechanism. The specific steps are as follows: The minute-level control layer adjusts energy storage and hydrogen energy output in real time using model predictive control algorithms on a time scale of seconds to minutes, thereby smoothing out renewable energy fluctuations and maintaining system dynamic stability. The hourly control layer optimizes energy storage and hydrogen energy scheduling plans on an hourly time scale, reduces system operating costs, and responds to time-of-use electricity pricing. The multi-timescale collaborative mechanism achieves dynamic coupling between the two control layers by transmitting baseline parameters from the hourly level to the minute level and feeding back real-time correction data from the minute level to the hourly level.

7. A multi-energy complementary and coordinated control method for wind, solar, and hydrogen storage based on an energy router, as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Step four, which describes dynamically adjusting the power allocation of each port of the energy router, includes: In grid-connected mode, wind and solar power generation are prioritized for consumption, and surplus power drives electrolyzers to produce hydrogen with an efficiency of ≥65%. When the fuel cell starts generating electricity in off-grid mode, the efficiency is ≥50%, and the load reduction protection is triggered for every 0.1MPa drop in hydrogen storage tank pressure. The energy router enables thermoelectric hydrogen synergy, including: Waste heat from fuel cells is recovered through a heat exchange system and used in conjunction with electric heating equipment to regulate the microgrid heat load. When the waste heat power is insufficient, the thermal energy of the heat storage tank is used first, and then the electric heating equipment is started. The electrolyzer temperature is maintained at 60-80℃ using a PID algorithm. If the temperature exceeds the limit, the hydrogen production power is reduced by 10% for every ℃ increase.

8. A multi-energy complementary and coordinated control method for wind, solar, and hydrogen storage based on an energy router, as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent switching control logic for grid connection and off-grid modes described in step five includes: Real-time monitoring of bus voltage and frequency; when the grid voltage deviation exceeds ±10% or the frequency exceeds the limit, switch to off-grid mode and activate the hydrogen storage system to mitigate the power shortage. After the power grid is restored, seamless grid connection is achieved through phase synchronization and power pre-synchronization, with a switching time of ≤100ms.

9. A multi-energy complementary and coordinated control method for wind, solar, and hydrogen storage based on an energy router, according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The energy router communicates with third-party energy management systems via the OPC UA protocol, supporting remote command coverage and manual intervention.

10. A multi-energy complementary and coordinated control method for wind, solar, and hydrogen storage based on an energy router, as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The key control unit includes a hydrogen energy management unit responsible for monitoring the pressure of the hydrogen storage tank and the temperature of the electrolyzer and dynamically adjusting the hydrogen production and power generation; a dynamic scheduling algorithm module based on MPC technology to realize minute-level power allocation and hour-level hydrogen energy scheduling; and a data acquisition and processing module that collects data through a wireless dual-channel communication ring network and performs noise filtering and fluctuation smoothing. And a power electronic interface control module that regulates the operation of each port converter to achieve power distribution.

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