Electricity-carbon market coupling linkage operation model construction and clearing method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrical engineering, and discloses an electricity-carbon market coupling linkage operation model construction and clearing method, which comprises the steps of constructing a unified clearing model of a spot market and a standby market of an electric power system and a carbon market clearing model; constructing a coupling relationship between the clearing models; and the spot market and standby market unified clearing model, the carbon market clearing model and the coupling relationship form an electricity-carbon market coupling linkage operation model. According to the invention, through fine modeling of clearing of the electricity market and the carbon market, an inter-market coupling linkage mechanism is integrated, an electricity-carbon market coupling linkage clearing model and a solving method are established, and a coupling linkage model and a clearing method of the electricity market and the carbon market under a carbon market mechanism based on carbon emission intensity are established. The method is beneficial for realizing coupling linkage simulation of the electricity-carbon market and guiding a supervision mechanism to formulate related market rules, so that the electricity market and the carbon market are enabled to operate efficiently and stably, and low-carbon transformation of the electricity industry is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electrical engineering technology, and more specifically, relates to a method for constructing and clearing an electricity-carbon market coupled operation model. Background Technology

[0002] As a key sector for carbon market emission control, the power industry's carbon quota trading mechanism plays a crucial role in the industry's low-carbon transformation. In the current carbon market mechanism based on carbon emission intensity, the allocation of carbon quotas to power generation companies is directly related to their power generation, resulting in a close coupling between the power market and the carbon market.

[0003] However, existing technologies generally model the operational status of the electricity market to simulate its independent operation. Since the electricity market and carbon market are highly coupled and mutually influential, researching simulation methods for the coupled operation of the electricity and carbon markets, solving for their equilibrium states, and dynamically assessing the market operation with high levels of renewable energy penetration is of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned deficiencies or improvement needs of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for constructing and clearing a coupled operation model of the electricity and carbon markets. The purpose is to construct a model that couples the operation of the electricity and carbon markets, reflecting the coupling relationship between them and solving the problem of unpredictable operation status of the electricity and carbon markets with high proportions of renewable energy penetration.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a method for constructing a coupled and interconnected operation model for the electricity-carbon market, comprising: Construct a unified clearing model for the power system spot market and reserve market, and a carbon market clearing model; Obtain the coupling relationship between the unified clearing model for the spot market and the reserve market and the carbon market clearing model, wherein the coupling relationship includes: The spot market bid price for various types of generating units is the sum of the unit's fuel cost and carbon cost. For thermal power units, the carbon cost is determined based on the carbon quota trading volume and trading price obtained from the carbon market clearing model. For renewable energy units, including wind power and photovoltaic units, both their fuel cost and carbon cost are 0. The standby market prices for all types of generating units represent the opportunity cost in the spot market. Carbon quota demand-side thermal power units The daily carbon market declaration volume is the carbon allowance demand generated by the unit's power generation on that day, and the declaration price is the profit earned by generating one unit of carbon allowance demand in the spot market. Carbon quota supply-side thermal power units The daily carbon market declaration volume is determined based on the forecast of the unit's annual carbon allowance supply and the forecast of daily carbon allowance demand, with a declaration price of 0. The unified clearing model of the spot market and the reserve market, together with the carbon market clearing model and the coupling relationship, serve as the coupled and linked operation model of the electricity-carbon market.

[0006] Furthermore, for thermal power units, the carbon cost is determined based on the carbon quota trading volume and price obtained from the carbon market clearing model, and the demand side of the carbon quota is thermal power units. The carbon cost is calculated as follows: ; Carbon quota supply-side thermal power units The carbon cost is calculated as follows: ; in, , , They are respectively thermal power units g Carbon cost, carbon quota trading volume, and carbon quota trading price in daily carbon quota trading; Penalty fees for carbon quotas The time interval between adjacent moments in the clearing process of the spot market; This represents the actual carbon emission rate of thermal power unit g. To determine the baseline carbon emission rate; To contribute to the spot market of thermal power unit g, k represents node k of the power system, and t represents time t. For the first The time included in a day A set of.

[0007] Furthermore, for energy storage units, the calculation method for the standby market bid price is as follows: ; In the formula, Declare prices for the standby market of energy storage units; The node where thermal power unit g is located The spot market clearing electricity price The charging power for the energy storage unit, , These are discharge and charge efficiency, respectively. For non-energy storage units, the calculation method for the standby market bid price is as follows: ; ; ; In the formula, The market price for standby power units (g) is to be declared. , These are the standby market prices for wind power and photovoltaic units, respectively. The declared price for the spot market of thermal power units; Let g be the marginal fuel cost of the thermal power unit.

[0008] Furthermore, thermal power units on the demand side of carbon quotas The daily carbon market declaration volume and declaration price are calculated as follows: ; ; In the formula, , They are respectively thermal power units g Daily carbon market filing volume and filing prices; The node where thermal power unit g is located The spot market clearing electricity price For the marginal fuel cost of thermal power unit g, The declared price for the spot market of thermal power units; Carbon quota supply-side thermal power units The daily carbon market declaration volume is calculated as follows: ; In the formula, This represents the predicted annual carbon quota supply for thermal power unit g. For the first Forecast of total daily carbon allowance demand This represents the total number of days in a year.

[0009] Furthermore, with the objective function of minimizing the electricity purchase costs in the spot market and the reserve market, and under constraints including the operating constraints of various generating units, a unified clearing model for the power system spot market and reserve market is constructed; wherein, the objective function is: ; In the formula, , , , and Nodes in the power system The lower thermal power unit g at time The spot market bid price, the standby market bid price, the spot market output, the spot market start-up capacity, and the standby market standby capacity; The startup cost of thermal power unit g, The number of nodes in the power system. The number of time points within a solution cycle. For nodes The number of thermal power units; , and These are the standby market bid prices for energy storage, wind power, and photovoltaic units, respectively. , and These are the standby capacities for energy storage, wind power, and photovoltaic units, respectively.

[0010] Furthermore, a carbon market clearing model is constructed using a centralized market high-low matching method to clear the carbon market daily, specifically including: In the During each trading session of the day, the supply side of carbon quotas for thermal power units will be... The carbon market filings are arranged from lowest to highest price, placing the demand-side thermal power units for carbon quotas in order. The carbon market application volume is ranked from highest to lowest according to the application price and matched according to the trading session; For a matched pair in the p-th trading session, the transaction price of the two pairs is calculated by taking the median price. for: ( ); In the formula, , These are the bid prices for thermal power units on the supply side and the demand side of carbon quotas in the p-th trading period, respectively. Based on transaction prices in each trading session Calculate the g-th power unit of thermal power unit Daily carbon allowance trading price; aggregate the carbon allowance trading volume of each trading session to obtain the g-th carbon allowance trading price for thermal power units. Daily carbon quota trading volume completed the carbon market clearing process; among which... ,or, .

[0011] This invention also provides a clearing method for the coupled operation of the electricity-carbon market, comprising: The electricity-carbon market coupled operation model is obtained by using any of the above-described methods. Solve the coupled operation model of the electricity-carbon market to obtain the clearing status of the spot market, the reserve market, and the carbon market.

[0012] Furthermore, by solving the coupled operation model of the electricity-carbon market, the clearing status of the spot market, the reserve market, and the carbon market is obtained, including: S1. Initialize the current day as day m of the year. Based on the market marginal data from day m to day m+a, enter the following sub-loop to calculate the data from day m to day m+a. +b day clearing status, where 0≤b≤a and a≥2; 1) Initialize the spot market bid prices for all types of generating units to the unit's fuel cost, and set the standby market bid price to 0; 2) Based on the current spot market bid prices and reserve market bid prices, solve the unified clearing model of the power system spot market and reserve market to obtain the power market clearing status, including the clearing status of the spot market and the reserve market; 3) Based on the electricity market clearing status and the carbon market clearing model, calculate the daily carbon market declaration volume and declaration price of thermal power units to conduct carbon market clearing and obtain the carbon market clearing status, including carbon quota trading volume and trading price; wherein, the thermal power units include carbon quota demand-side thermal power units. and carbon quota supply-side thermal power units ; 4) Calculate the carbon cost based on the carbon quota trading volume and trading price to update the spot market bid prices and standby market bid prices for various types of generating units; 5) Repeat steps 2) to 4) until the spot market clearing price error, the reserve market clearing price error, and the carbon market clearing price error obtained from two adjacent sub-cycles reach the preset convergence requirements, thus obtaining the results from the m-th to the m-th... The clearing status on day +b includes the electricity market clearing status and the carbon market clearing status; wherein, the carbon market clearing price is the carbon quota trading price. S2. Let m = m + 1, repeat step S1 until all days of the year are calculated, and obtain the clearing status of each day of the year.

[0013] The present invention also provides an electronic device, including a computer-readable storage medium and a processor; The computer-readable storage medium is used to store executable instructions; The processor is used to read executable instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium to execute the electric-carbon market coupled operation model construction method described above, or / and to execute the clearing method of the electric-carbon market coupled operation described above.

[0014] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the program, when executed by a processor, implements the method for constructing a coupled and linked operation model of the electricity-carbon market as described above, or / and implements the clearing method for coupled and linked operation of the electricity-carbon market as described above.

[0015] In summary, the above-described technical solutions conceived in this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: (1) This invention establishes an electricity-carbon market coupling and linkage clearing model (operation model) by performing detailed modeling of the spot market, reserve market and carbon market clearing of the power system and integrating the coupling and linkage mechanism between the three markets. This coupled operation model accurately reflects the coupling and linkage relationship between the spot market bid price of various generating units, the reserve market bid price, the opportunity cost of the spot market, the carbon market bid volume and bid price of the demand side thermal power units of carbon quota, the carbon market bid volume and bid price of the supply side thermal power units of carbon quota, and the carbon quota trading volume and trading price. In this way, it can accurately analyze the coupling and linkage relationship between the various markets caused by the bidding behavior of various market participants in each market, and realize the simulation of the coupling and linkage of the electricity-carbon market. Based on this coupled operation model, it can solve the problem of the difficulty in predicting the operation status of the electricity market and carbon market with a high proportion of renewable energy penetration.

[0016] (2) Furthermore, the unified clearing model of the power system spot market and reserve market constructed by the present invention reflects the coupling relationship between the power system spot market and reserve market. Compared with the existing modeling method that only targets the operating status of the power system spot market, the unified clearing model of the spot market and reserve market constructed by the present invention can more accurately simulate the operating status of the actual power market.

[0017] (3) Furthermore, the present invention introduces the method of high-low matching of centralized market in power system into carbon market, thereby realizing the accurate construction of carbon market clearing model.

[0018] (4) Furthermore, this invention provides a method for coupled clearing of the electricity-carbon market. By solving the constructed coupled clearing model of the electricity-carbon market, the clearing status of the spot market, reserve market, and carbon market of the power system can be accurately obtained. Overall, this invention solves the problem of unpredictable operation status of the electricity market and carbon market with a high proportion of renewable energy penetration, thereby enabling regulatory agencies and grid companies to simulate the coupled operation of the electricity-carbon market under different boundary conditions in advance, assisting them in formulating relevant market rules, promoting the low-carbon transformation of the power industry, and ensuring the stable operation of the electricity market and carbon market. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method for constructing a coupled and linked operation model of the electricity market and the carbon market in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the total annual power system load in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3This is the result of calculating the daily carbon market price for 365 days throughout the year in this embodiment of the invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is the result of the electricity spot market price distribution in the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0024] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this invention provides a method for constructing a coupled and interconnected operation model of the electricity market and the carbon market, the specific content of which is as follows: First, a unified clearing model for the electricity spot market and reserve market is constructed. This model clears the spot market based on bids from various generating units using rapid unit combination technology. It can be solved using linear programming to obtain operational status variables such as the output curves of each type of generating unit, reserve capacity, and clearing prices in both the spot and reserve markets. The objective function is to minimize the electricity purchase costs in both the spot and reserve markets, i.e.: ; in, , , , and Nodes in the power system The lower thermal power unit g at time The spot market price, reserve market price, spot market output, spot market activation capacity, and reserve market reserve capacity; among which, and These are decision variables. The startup cost of thermal power unit g, The number of nodes in the power system. The number of time points within a solution cycle. For nodes The number of thermal power units. , and These are market quotations for energy storage, wind power, and photovoltaic backup power, respectively. , and These represent the backup capacity of energy storage, wind power, and photovoltaic power, respectively, and are the decision variables.

[0025] The upper and lower bound constraints and equality constraints of thermal power units include: ; ; ; ; ; in, For the online capacity of thermal power unit g, For the installed capacity of thermal power units g, For the shutdown capacity of thermal power units g, and These represent the minimum and maximum output ratios of the thermal power unit, respectively.

[0026] The ramping constraint for thermal power units is: ; ; in, and These represent the maximum uphill and downhill gradient rates for the thermal power unit, respectively.

[0027] The minimum start-up and shutdown time constraint for thermal power units can be expressed as: ; ; ; ; ; ; in, For the initial online capacity of thermal power unit g, , These represent the minimum continuous start-up and shutdown times for thermal power units, respectively.

[0028] The relevant operating constraints for power system energy storage units are as follows: ; ; ; ; ; ; in, , These are the discharge power and charging power of the energy storage unit, respectively. , These are the maximum charging and discharging power and the maximum stored capacity of the energy storage unit, respectively. Store electricity for energy storage units; , These represent the minimum and maximum remaining battery power, respectively. , These are discharge and charge efficiency, respectively. This represents the self-discharge rate.

[0029] The output constraints for renewable energy are: ; ; in, Powering wind power; Contribute to photovoltaic power; For wind power installed capacity; For photovoltaic installed capacity; For wind power capacity factor; This is the photovoltaic capacity factor.

[0030] The system's load balancing constraints are: ; in, , They are time points node To the node The transmission power between AC and DC transmission lines , These are the nodes in the power system. A set of nodes connected by AC and DC transmission lines; For nodes time The electrical load. The Lagrange multipliers of this constraint are the nodes. The electricity spot market clearing price is denoted as The power and redundancy constraints of the transmission line are as follows: ; ; ; ; in, , These are the maximum transmission power of AC transmission lines and DC transmission lines, respectively. , These are the standby capacities for AC transmission lines and DC transmission lines, respectively.

[0031] The standby constraints for thermal power units and renewable energy units are as follows: ; ; ; The constraints on system reserve adequacy are as follows: ; in, This represents the load reserve rate. The Lagrange multipliers of this constraint are the node... The clearing price of the standby market at that moment is denoted as .

[0032] Secondly, a carbon market clearing model is constructed. In a carbon market based on carbon emission intensity, the market rules regarding thermal power units are recorded. The approved benchmark carbon emission rate for the type of generating unit is thermal power units The actual carbon emission rate Then, based on the relationship between its actual carbon emission rate and the benchmark carbon emission rate, it can be determined whether the unit is a carbon allowance supplier or a carbon allowance consumer: ; in This represents the set of thermal power units that are subject to carbon quota requirements. This refers to the set of thermal power units belonging to carbon quota suppliers.

[0033] The carbon market clearing mechanism is as follows: for supply-side thermal power units... and demand-side thermal power units The carbon market clearing model assumes daily clearing of the carbon market, and during each trading session, it allocates supply-side thermal power units... Carbon quota applications are arranged from lowest to highest price, including demand-side thermal power units. Carbon quota applications are ranked from highest to lowest price and then matched to obtain matching pairs for each trading session. For the matching pair in the p-th trading session, the supply-side thermal power units... The declared price for carbon allowances is denoted as Demand-side thermal power units The declared price for carbon allowances is denoted as The transaction price is calculated based on the median price, that is, the transaction price (clearing price) for the p-th trading session is: ( ); Based on transaction prices in each trading session The g-th thermal power unit was obtained The price of carbon quota trading ;in, Let P be the carbon allowance trading volume for the p-th trading period, where P is the number of carbon allowances traded in the p-th trading period. The number of trading sessions per day. (The number of trading sessions per day.) The aggregated trading volume of carbon allowances across different trading sessions yields the g-th thermal power unit. Tian Tan Quota Trading Volume .

[0034] Finally, a coupled operation model for the carbon market and the electricity market is established: the bidding behavior of various market participants in each market (including the electricity spot market, the electricity reserve market, and the carbon market) causes mutual coupling and linkage between the markets. Ideally, the bid price in the generator side (thermal power units) spot market consists of their fuel cost and carbon cost, which can be expressed as: ; in, For thermal power unit g at time The spot market price, where k represents node k in the power system; For the marginal fuel cost of thermal power units, g; For thermal power unit g Carbon costs of daily carbon market transactions; For the first The time included in the day A set of.

[0035] For supply-side thermal power units Its carbon cost is negative, representing the negative cost of selling carbon allowances, which can be expressed as the average revenue from selling carbon allowances: ; in, and They are respectively thermal power units g The price and quantity of carbon allowances sold daily.

[0036] For demand-side thermal power units Its carbon cost consists of the market price of the quota purchased on that day and the market penalty fee incurred for not purchasing enough quotas.

[0037] ;

[0038] in, Penalty fees for carbon quotas The time interval between adjacent moments in the clearing process of the spot market. For thermal power unit g at time The spot market contributes its efforts. Represents nodes in a power system .

[0039] For renewable energy units, both their output fuel cost and carbon cost are zero, so ideally the spot market bid price would also be zero.

[0040] In the standby market, ideally, the marginal bid of generator-side market participants is the opportunity cost of the spot market. For non-storage units: ; ; ; in, , and These are standby market quotations for thermal power, wind power, and photovoltaic units, respectively. The node where thermal power unit g is located The clearing price in the spot market. In the spot market, when a bid price is higher than the market price, and for thermal power units that cannot be shut down due to technical constraints, compensation will be provided based on the difference between the bid price and the clearing price. That is, the settlement price for thermal power units is the greater of the node price and the bid price. .

[0041] For energy storage units, the opportunity cost in the spot market is the current discharge revenue minus the charging cost of that electricity. The charging cost of existing electricity in the energy storage is calculated based on the average daily charging cost.

[0042] The market price for standby energy storage units is as follows: ; In the carbon market, thermal power units on the demand side The daily carbon market declaration volume is the carbon allowance demand generated by electricity generation on that day, i.e.: ; in, For demand-side thermal power units g Daily carbon allowance declarations.

[0043] Declared price The profit earned from generating demand for a unit of carbon allowance in the electricity spot market, i.e.: ; For supply-side thermal power units The daily carbon market application volume is allocated based on the total annual carbon quota supply and the forecast of daily carbon quota demand, thus determining the daily carbon quota application volume. ; in, For supply-side thermal power units g Daily carbon allowance declaration volume. This represents the predicted annual carbon quota supply for thermal power unit g. For the first Forecast of total daily carbon allowance demand This represents the total number of days in a year. Power generation by supply-side thermal power units generates carbon allowances, meaning the marginal cost of these allowances is zero, and their declared price... for: ; The aforementioned unified clearing model for the power system spot market and reserve market, the carbon market clearing model, and the coupling relationships between these models collectively constitute the operational model of the electricity-carbon coupling linkage in this embodiment of the invention.

[0044] Example 2 This invention provides a clearing method involving electro-carbon coupling, comprising: Solve the electricity-carbon coupling linkage model to obtain the operating status of the electricity market and the carbon market, and then clear the electricity market and the carbon market based on the corresponding operating status.

[0045] Specifically, the method for solving the coupled operation status of the electricity market and carbon market can calculate the clearing status of the electricity market and carbon market over a year of 8760 hours through rolling iteration. The specific calculation process is as follows: S1. Initialize the current day. (Currently on the m-th day of the year), input from the m-th day... Market marginal data from day m to day m+a (other output parameters besides the coupled input variable (quote) in Example 1 above, such as the capacity factor of wind and solar power), a≥2, enters the following sub-loop to calculate the operating results of the electricity market and carbon market for day a+1. In this embodiment of the invention, a=2, and the operating results of the electricity market and carbon market for three days are calculated.

[0046] 1) Initialize the spot market price of all types of generating units to the fuel cost, and the standby market price to 0.

[0047] 2) Based on the electricity market quotations (spot market quotations and reserve market quotations), solve the electricity market clearing model to obtain the electricity market clearing status.

[0048] 3) Calculate the carbon market quota to be declared by thermal power units based on the power market clearing status and carbon market model. , declared price .

[0049] 4) Based on the carbon market declaration quota quantity and price of thermal power units, carbon market clearing is carried out to obtain the carbon quota trading volume and carbon quota trading price of each thermal power unit.

[0050] 5) Calculate the carbon cost for each thermal power unit based on the carbon market clearing results (carbon allowance trading volume and carbon allowance trading price for each thermal power unit). This will lead to updates to the spot and standby electricity market prices for each generating unit.

[0051] 6) Repeat steps 2)-5) until the conditions for the first (i) are met simultaneously. On the day when the price errors in the electricity spot market, reserve market, and carbon market obtained from the two sub-cycles reach the preset convergence requirements, it is considered to have sufficiently approximated the market equilibrium state, and the cycle is exited. The obtained equilibrium results, namely the electricity market clearing state and the carbon market clearing state (carbon quota trading volume and carbon quota trading price of each thermal power unit), are used as the basis for the cycle. From the 1st to the 1st The result of running +b day is 0≤b≤a.

[0052] S2. After completing the continuous a+1-day cycle solution, the first... Day or from the From the 1st to the 1st The results for +b days and b+1 consecutive days have converged. We retain this result and roll back to day a before recalculating. That is, we change the current day number to... +b+1, and repeat step S1.

[0053] The calculation continues until all days of the year are completed, at which point the electricity market clearing status and carbon market clearing status for all days of the year are obtained.

[0054] The effects of the clearing method of the present invention will be illustrated below with specific examples.

[0055] Assuming that after clustering the nodes of a power system, the installed capacity of generating units is shown in Table 1, the carbon emission rates of various types of thermal power units are shown in Table 2, and the total annual load of the power system is shown in Table 3. Figure 2 As shown, the carbon market penalty price and market price ceiling are set at 500 yuan / ton. The case study simulates two scenarios using the method provided in this invention: Scenario 1 is the electricity market only, and the simulation results without a carbon market are calculated; Scenario 2 is the coupled operation scenario of the electricity market and carbon market, and the market operation when the electricity-carbon market is linked is calculated. ; .

[0056] Simulations were performed using the method provided in the invention to estimate the carbon market price over 365 days of the year. Figure 3 As shown, daily carbon market prices are influenced by the supply and demand of carbon allowances for that day, with prices ranging from 150 yuan / ton to 450 yuan / ton. Carbon market prices can reveal the value of carbon allowances for the day, providing carbon price signals to market participants and contributing to emissions reduction in the power system.

[0057] The distribution of electricity spot market prices when only the electricity market and the electricity-carbon market are coupled is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, under the coupled electricity-carbon market, supply-side thermal power units can produce a small amount of carbon allowances to generate profits, thus reducing their marginal costs. Therefore, when electricity demand is low and supply-side units are at the market boundary, the electricity market price decreases. When electricity demand is high, demand-side units, as market marginal units, have higher marginal costs due to the need to purchase carbon allowances, leading to a rise in spot market prices. Under the coupled electricity-carbon market, the electricity market price increases significantly when it is in the range of 570 yuan / MWh to 600 yuan / MWh, reflecting the carbon value of electricity under the coupled electricity-carbon market.

[0058] Table 3 shows the average prices of the carbon market and the electricity market under both standalone and coupled electricity-carbon market operation scenarios. In the coupled electricity-carbon operation scenario, the average electricity market price increases by approximately RMB 20.43 / MWh due to the inclusion of the carbon cost required to purchase carbon allowances. .

[0059] Example 3 This invention provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the electricity-carbon market coupled operation model construction method in Embodiment 1 above, or / and the steps of the electricity-carbon market coupled operation clearing method in Embodiment 2 above.

[0060] The electronic device can be a desktop computer, laptop, handheld computer, or cloud server, etc. The processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The memory can be used to store computer programs and / or modules. The processor performs various functions of the electronic device by running or executing the computer programs and / or modules stored in the memory, and by accessing data stored in the memory.

[0061] The relevant technical solutions are the same as above, and will not be repeated here.

[0062] Example 4 This invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the electricity-carbon market coupled operation model construction method in Embodiment 1 above, and / or the steps of the electricity-carbon market coupled operation clearing method in Embodiment 2 above.

[0063] Specifically, the memory may include high-speed random access memory, as well as non-volatile memory, such as hard disks, RAM, plug-in hard disks, smart media cards (SMC), secure digital (SD) cards, flash cards, at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage devices.

[0064] The relevant technical solutions are the same as above, and will not be repeated here.

[0065] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a coupled and interconnected operation model for the electricity-carbon market, characterized in that, include: Construct a unified clearing model for the power system spot market and reserve market, and a carbon market clearing model; Obtain the coupling relationship between the unified clearing model for the spot market and the reserve market and the carbon market clearing model, wherein the coupling relationship includes: The spot market bid price for various types of generating units is the sum of the unit's fuel cost and carbon cost. For thermal power units, the carbon cost is determined based on the carbon quota trading volume and trading price obtained from the carbon market clearing model. For renewable energy units, including wind power and photovoltaic units, both their fuel cost and carbon cost are 0. The standby market prices for all types of generating units represent the opportunity cost in the spot market. Demand-side thermal power units for carbon quotas The daily carbon market declaration volume is the carbon allowance demand generated by the unit's power generation on that day, and the declaration price is the profit earned by generating one unit of carbon allowance demand in the spot market. Carbon quota supply-side thermal power units The daily carbon market declaration volume is determined based on the forecast of the unit's annual carbon allowance supply and the forecast of daily carbon allowance demand, with a declaration price of 0. The unified clearing model of the spot market and the reserve market, together with the carbon market clearing model and the coupling relationship, serve as the coupled and linked operation model of the electricity-carbon market.

2. The method for constructing a coupled and linked operation model of the electricity-carbon market according to claim 1, characterized in that, For thermal power units, the carbon cost is determined based on the carbon quota trading volume and price obtained from the carbon market clearing model, and the demand side of the carbon quota is thermal power units. The carbon cost is calculated as follows: Carbon quota supply-side thermal power units The carbon cost is calculated as follows: in, , , They are respectively thermal power units g Carbon cost, carbon quota trading volume, and carbon quota trading price in daily carbon quota trading; Penalty fees for carbon quotas The time interval between adjacent moments in the clearing process of the spot market; This represents the actual carbon emission rate of thermal power unit g. To determine the baseline carbon emission rate; To contribute to the spot market of thermal power unit g, k represents node k of the power system, and t represents time t. For the first The time included in a day A set of.

3. The method for constructing a coupled and linked operation model of the electricity-carbon market according to claim 2, characterized in that, For energy storage units, the calculation method for the standby market bid price is as follows: In the formula, Declare prices for the standby market of energy storage units; The node where thermal power unit g is located The spot market clearing electricity price The charging power for the energy storage unit, , These are discharge and charge efficiency, respectively. For non-energy storage units, the calculation method for the standby market bid price is as follows: In the formula, The market price for standby power units (g) is to be declared. , These are the standby market prices for wind power and photovoltaic units, respectively. The declared price for the spot market of thermal power units; Let g be the marginal fuel cost of the thermal power unit.

4. The method for constructing a coupled and linked operation model of the electricity-carbon market according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, Demand-side thermal power units for carbon quotas The daily carbon market declaration volume and declaration price are calculated as follows: In the formula, , They are respectively thermal power units g Daily carbon market filing volume and filing prices; The node where thermal power unit g is located The spot market clearing electricity price For the marginal fuel cost of thermal power unit g, The declared price for the spot market of thermal power units; Carbon quota supply-side thermal power units The daily carbon market declaration volume is calculated as follows: In the formula, This represents the predicted annual carbon quota supply for thermal power unit g. For the first Forecast of total daily carbon allowance demand This represents the total number of days in a year.

5. The method for constructing a coupled and linked operation model of the electricity-carbon market according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, With the objective function of minimizing the electricity purchase costs in both the spot and reserve markets, and under constraints including operational constraints of various generating units, a unified clearing model for the power system's spot and reserve markets is constructed; wherein the objective function is: In the formula, , , , and Nodes in the power system The lower thermal power unit g at time The spot market bid price, the standby market bid price, the spot market output, the spot market start-up capacity, and the standby market standby capacity; The startup cost of thermal power unit g, The number of nodes in the power system. The number of time points within a solution cycle. For nodes The number of thermal power units; , and These are the standby market bid prices for energy storage, wind power, and photovoltaic units, respectively. , and These are the standby capacities for energy storage, wind power, and photovoltaic units, respectively.

6. The method for constructing a coupled and linked operation model of the electricity-carbon market according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The carbon market clearing model is constructed using a centralized market high-low matching method to clear the carbon market daily, specifically including: In the During each trading session of the day, the supply side of carbon quotas for thermal power units will be... The carbon market filings are arranged from lowest to highest price, placing the demand-side thermal power units for carbon quotas in order. The carbon market application volume is ranked from highest to lowest according to the application price and matched according to the trading session; For a matched pair in the p-th trading session, the transaction price of the two pairs is calculated by taking the median price. for: ( ) In the formula, , These are the bid prices for thermal power units on the supply side and the demand side of carbon quotas in the p-th trading period, respectively. Based on transaction prices in each trading session Calculate the g-th power unit of the thermal power unit Daily carbon allowance trading price; aggregate the carbon allowance trading volume of each trading session to obtain the g-th carbon allowance trading price for thermal power units. Daily carbon quota trading volume completed the carbon market clearing process; among which... ,or, .

7. A clearing method for a coupled and linked operation of the electricity-carbon market, characterized in that, include: The electricity-carbon market coupled operation model is obtained by using the construction method of the electricity-carbon market coupled operation model as described in any one of claims 1-6; Solve the coupled operation model of the electricity-carbon market to obtain the clearing status of the spot market, the reserve market, and the carbon market.

8. The clearing method for the coupled operation of the electricity-carbon market according to claim 7, characterized in that, Solving the aforementioned coupled operation model of the electricity-carbon market yields the clearing status of the spot market, reserve market, and carbon market, including: S1. Initialize the current day as day m of the year. Based on the market marginal data from day m to day m+a, enter the following sub-loop to calculate the data from day m to day m+a. +b day clearing status, where 0≤b≤a and a≥2; 1) Initialize the spot market bid prices for all types of generating units to the unit's fuel cost, and set the standby market bid price to 0; 2) Based on the current spot market bid prices and reserve market bid prices, solve the unified clearing model of the power system spot market and reserve market to obtain the power market clearing status, including the clearing status of the spot market and the reserve market; 3) Based on the electricity market clearing status and the carbon market clearing model, calculate the daily carbon market declaration volume and declaration price of thermal power units to conduct carbon market clearing and obtain the carbon market clearing status, including carbon quota trading volume and trading price; wherein, the thermal power units include carbon quota demand-side thermal power units. and carbon quota supply-side thermal power units ; 4) Calculate the carbon cost based on the carbon quota trading volume and trading price to update the spot market bid prices and standby market bid prices for various types of generating units; 5) Repeat steps 2) to 4) until the spot market clearing price error, the reserve market clearing price error, and the carbon market clearing price error obtained from two adjacent sub-cycles reach the preset convergence requirements, thus obtaining the results from the m-th to the m-th... The clearing status on day +b includes the electricity market clearing status and the carbon market clearing status; wherein, the carbon market clearing price is the carbon quota trading price. S2. Let m = m + 1, repeat step S1 until all days of the year are calculated, and obtain the clearing status of each day of the year.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, Includes computer-readable storage media and processors; The computer-readable storage medium is used to store executable instructions; The processor is used to read executable instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium to execute the method for constructing the electric-carbon market coupled operation model according to any one of claims 1-6, or / and to execute the clearing method for the electric-carbon market coupled operation according to claim 7 or 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the method for constructing the coupled operation model of the electricity-carbon market as described in any one of claims 1-6, or / and implements the clearing method for the coupled operation of the electricity-carbon market as described in claim 7 or 8.

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