N+1 power supply intelligent control circuit and fault isolation and energy saving system thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an n + 1 power supply intelligent control circuit and a fault isolation and energy saving system thereof. The n + 1 power supply intelligent control circuit comprises n main power supply modules, a redundant power supply module, a dynamic energy pool unit, a self-healing isolation unit, an energy efficiency optimization unit and a central control unit, the dynamic energy pool unit is respectively connected with the n main power supply modules, the redundant power supply module and the external energy unit, and is used for integrating the output power of each power supply module to form an adjustable power pool, collecting the power state, health parameters and energy efficiency data of each module in real time and feeding back the power state, health parameters and energy efficiency data to the central control unit; and the output proportions of the modules are dynamically distributed based on instructions of the central control unit. According to the invention, the power supply reliability and fault-tolerant capability are improved, the on-load isolation of the fault module and the rapid reconstruction of the power supply path are realized through the cross connection topology and the pre-isolation mechanism of the matrix type solid-state switch network, and the power supply interruption or large voltage fluctuation caused by the traditional passive isolation is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power electronics technology, and in particular relates to an n+1 power supply intelligent control circuit and its fault isolation and energy-saving system. Background Technology

[0002] In existing technologies, the n+1 power supply system, as a mainstream solution for improving power supply reliability, has been widely used in data centers, industrial control, new energy, and other fields. Its basic architecture consists of n main power supply modules and one redundant power supply module, achieving an operating mode of "n modules working, one module on standby" through redundancy design. When a main power supply module fails, the redundant module switches to the power supply circuit through hardware triggering or simple logic control, ensuring continuous operation of the load. The control circuit mostly uses analog circuits or simple digital logic to monitor voltage and current, and some systems integrate basic communication functions (such as RS485) for status reporting. The power supply modules generally use silicon-based power devices, with the topology primarily based on hard-switching DC / DC converters. Energy efficiency management relies on fixed duty cycle adjustment, and the redundant module is typically in a constantly powered standby state.

[0003] While existing n+1 power systems can meet basic reliability requirements, they have significant limitations in intelligent control, fault handling, and energy efficiency optimization. Regarding fault isolation, traditional mechanical switches or relays have response times of tens of milliseconds, are prone to voltage fluctuations during switching, and cannot adapt to sensitive load demands. In terms of energy efficiency, simultaneous operation of multiple modules under light loads leads to a sharp drop in conversion efficiency, and redundant modules remain idle for extended periods, resulting in energy waste. The control logic is rigid, making it difficult to dynamically adapt to load changes and the integration of new energy sources, and lacks mechanisms for predicting and proactively maintaining the health status of power modules. Furthermore, the system has limited compatibility, with insufficient collaborative scheduling capabilities for different types of power modules and distributed energy sources, failing to meet the advanced demands for power density and intelligent management in high-density, high-reliability scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention provide an n+1 power intelligent control circuit and its fault isolation and energy saving system, which solves the problems of slow fault isolation response, low energy efficiency, weak intelligence and insufficient redundancy utilization in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] An n+1 power supply intelligent control circuit and its fault isolation and energy-saving system, comprising:

[0007] It consists of n main power modules, 1 redundant power module, a dynamic energy pool unit, a self-healing isolation unit, an energy efficiency optimization unit, and a central control unit.

[0008] The dynamic energy pool unit is connected to n main power modules, 1 redundant power module and external energy unit respectively. It is used to integrate the output power of each power module to form an adjustable power pool, collect and feed back the power status, health parameters and energy efficiency data of each module to the central control unit in real time, and dynamically allocate the output ratio of each module based on the instructions of the central control unit.

[0009] The self-healing isolation unit includes a matrix solid-state switch network, a multi-parameter fusion detection unit, and a fault isolation logic circuit. The matrix solid-state switch network adopts a cross-connection topology to form redundant channels, which are connected in series between each power module and the bus. The multi-parameter fusion detection unit collects the voltage ripple, temperature, and current waveform parameters of each module and uploads them to the central control unit. The fault isolation logic circuit receives the isolation command from the central control unit and executes the switching action.

[0010] The energy efficiency optimization unit includes a local microprocessor module and a remote monitoring module. The local microprocessor module is integrated into each power module and communicates with the central control unit to execute real-time energy efficiency adjustment commands. The remote monitoring module receives system data summarized by the central control unit through the communication bus and issues global energy efficiency strategies.

[0011] Based on feedback data from the dynamic energy pool unit, the central control unit sends fault isolation commands to the self-healing isolation unit and parameter adjustment commands to the energy efficiency optimization unit. Through the collaborative interaction of each unit, intelligent control, fault isolation, and energy-saving operation under the n+1 architecture are achieved.

[0012] Preferably, the dynamic energy pool unit includes a power metering chip and a dynamic distribution circuit. The power metering chip has a sampling frequency of 10kHz to 100kHz, and the dynamic distribution circuit has a response time of no more than 10ms. The external energy unit includes photovoltaic modules, energy storage batteries, and emergency generators. The access interface supports a wide voltage input from DC24V to 400V. It can be plugged and played with the dynamic energy pool unit through the Modbus-RTU standardized communication protocol, and the access identification time is no more than 500ms.

[0013] Preferably, the energy storage battery is a lithium iron phosphate battery with a capacity of 10Ah to 1000Ah, supporting charge and discharge rates of 1C to 5C. The dynamic energy pool unit is connected to the energy storage battery through a bidirectional DC / DC converter with a conversion efficiency of not less than 96% at a load rate of 50% to 100%. The bidirectional DC / DC converter supports charge and discharge logic switching based on instructions from the central control unit, with a switching response time of no more than 20ms.

[0014] Preferably, the matrix solid-state switch network uses silicon carbide MOSFET devices with a switching frequency of 50kHz to 2MHz and a switching response time of no more than 5ms. The multi-parameter fusion detection unit includes a temperature sensor, a current sensor, and a voltage sensor. The temperature sensor has a measurement range of -40℃ to 125℃ and an accuracy of ±1℃. The current sensor has a measurement range of 0 to 500A and an accuracy of ±0.5%. The voltage sensor has a measurement range of 0 to 1000V and an accuracy of ±0.2%. The data from each sensor are transmitted to the central control unit via differential signals with a transmission delay of no more than 10μs.

[0015] Preferably, the matrix solid-state switch network also includes an overcurrent protection circuit. When a fault current of not less than 10 times the rated current is detected, the overcurrent protection circuit triggers the switch to turn off within 10μs and sends a fault alarm signal to the central control unit with a signal transmission delay of not more than 50μs.

[0016] Preferably, when the multi-parameter fusion detection unit detects that the voltage ripple of a certain module is not less than 5% of the rated value or the temperature is not lower than 90°C, the central control unit sends a pre-isolation command to the fault isolation logic circuit. After the load of the module is transferred to other modules through the dynamic energy pool unit and the transfer time does not exceed 20ms, the matrix solid-state switch network is triggered to disconnect its connection with the bus and the power supply path is reconstructed through the redundant channel. During the reconstruction process, the output voltage fluctuation does not exceed ±1%.

[0017] Preferably, the local microprocessor module uses a 32-bit MCU, supports PWM signal output with an adjustable frequency range of 1kHz to 100kHz and an adjustment accuracy of ±0.1%, and is used to dynamically adjust the switching duty cycle of the power module according to the instructions of the central control unit; the remote monitoring module communicates with the local microprocessor module through a CAN bus or Ethernet, with a CAN bus rate of 500kbps to 1Mbps and an Ethernet rate of 100Mbps, and supports remote firmware upgrade function based on FTP protocol, without interrupting power supply during the upgrade process.

[0018] Preferably, the energy efficiency optimization unit also includes a soft-switching control circuit, which is integrated into the control logic of the local microprocessor module. It adopts a phase-shifted full-bridge zero-voltage topology, with a conversion efficiency of not less than 94% in the load range of 20% to 100%, and an efficiency of not less than 96% in the load range of 50% to 100%, and a standby power consumption of not more than 0.5W.

[0019] Preferably, the central control unit has a built-in power allocation algorithm. This algorithm allocates the load based on the real-time conversion efficiency and health status of each module. Health parameters include capacitor ripple coefficient, semiconductor junction temperature decay rate, and switching transistor on-resistance change rate. The health status is calculated based on a weighted average of the above parameters. When the load power does not exceed 80% of the rated total power, the main power supply module with a health status of not less than 90% and an efficiency of not less than 92% is activated first, and the redundant power supply module is controlled to enter sleep mode with a sleep power consumption of not more than 0.3W. When the load power exceeds 80% of the rated total power, the redundant power supply module is activated and 10% to 20% of the load power is allocated.

[0020] Preferably, the power density of the n+1 power intelligent control circuit is not less than 5kW / L, the operating ambient temperature range is -25℃ to 70℃ and it can be derated by 50% at -40℃, the mean time between failures is not less than 100,000 hours, and it supports hot-swapping of each functional unit at rated voltage, with the output voltage fluctuation during the plugging and unplugging process not exceeding ±2%.

[0021] The technical effects and advantages of the n+1 power supply intelligent control circuit and its fault isolation and energy-saving system of this invention are as follows:

[0022] 1. This invention improves power supply reliability and fault tolerance. Through the cross-connection topology and pre-isolation mechanism of the matrix solid-state switch network, it realizes the load isolation of faulty modules and rapid reconfiguration of power supply paths, avoiding power outages or large voltage fluctuations caused by traditional passive isolation. Combined with multi-parameter fusion detection and collaborative decision-making of the central control unit, it can predict potential faults in advance and transfer the load, limiting the impact of faults to the smallest unit, significantly improving the system's anti-interference capability and continuous operation time.

[0023] 2. This invention significantly optimizes energy utilization efficiency. The real-time power allocation algorithm of the dynamic energy pool unit can dynamically adjust the output ratio according to load demand and module health. Redundant modules automatically go into hibernation under light load to avoid ineffective energy consumption. The application of soft-switching control circuit and wide-bandgap semiconductor devices greatly reduces switching losses and maintains high-efficiency conversion across the entire load range. Combined with the coordinated scheduling of external new energy sources and energy storage units, it can further reduce dependence on the power grid and realize energy cascade utilization.

[0024] 3. This invention enables intelligent management of the entire process. The collaboration between the central control unit and the edge computing module supports both local rapid response (such as dynamic adjustment of PWM parameters) and global energy efficiency strategy optimization through remote monitoring. The power allocation algorithm makes dynamic decisions based on module health and real-time energy efficiency data, replacing the traditional fixed redundancy mode. This allows the system to adapt to load changes and environmental fluctuations, reducing the need for manual intervention.

[0025] 4. This invention enhances the system's adaptability and scalability. The standardized interface design supports plug-and-play external energy units and is compatible with various energy types such as photovoltaics, energy storage, and emergency power generation. The hot-swappable function and modular architecture facilitate system expansion or maintenance and can adapt to different power levels and application scenarios (such as industrial control, data centers, and new energy fields). The wide operating temperature range and anti-interference design further improve environmental adaptability.

[0026] 5. This invention reduces total lifecycle costs, and high conversion efficiency and intelligent sleep strategies reduce long-term energy consumption expenditures; predictive maintenance and rapid fault isolation reduce downtime losses and maintenance costs; the increase in mean time between failures extends equipment replacement cycles, comprehensively reducing the total investment in system purchase and maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system flow of an n+1 power intelligent control circuit and its fault isolation and energy-saving system proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0030] refer to Figure 1 The n+1 power intelligent control circuit and its fault isolation and energy-saving system disclosed in this invention achieve high reliability, high energy efficiency and intelligent management of the power system through the coordinated work of dynamic energy pool unit, self-healing isolation unit, energy efficiency optimization unit and central control unit.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] This embodiment provides an n+1 intelligent power control circuit and its fault isolation and energy-saving system for implementation in data center server power systems. Specific implementation details include:

[0033] Implementation objective: To solve the problems of low efficiency (efficiency <85% under light load), fault switching delay (>50ms), and high operation and maintenance costs of traditional n+1 power redundancy in data centers, and to meet the stringent requirements of servers for power supply continuity (interruption <1ms) and energy efficiency (annual PUE <1.1).

[0034] System composition:

[0035] Main power supply modules: 4 (n=4), each with a rated power of 10kW, using a phase-shifted full-bridge topology; 1 redundant power supply module with a rated power of 10kW.

[0036] Dynamic energy pool unit: adopts AD7746 power metering chip (sampling frequency 50kHz), dynamic distribution circuit is based on STM32H743 microcontroller (response time 8ms); external energy units include 20kWh lithium iron phosphate battery (capacity 500Ah, 3.2V single cell) and 10kW photovoltaic module (MPPT efficiency 98%).

[0037] Self-healing isolation unit: The matrix solid-state switching network uses CreeC2M0080120DSiCMOSFET (switching frequency 200kHz, on / off response time 3ms); the multi-parameter fusion detection unit uses LM75A temperature sensor (-40℃~125℃, ±0.5℃), ACS758 current sensor (0~300A, ±0.3%), and LV25-P voltage sensor (0~500V, ±0.1%).

[0038] Energy efficiency optimization unit: The local microprocessor module adopts STM32L476 (32-bit MCU), and the PWM frequency is adjustable from 5kHz to 50kHz; the remote monitoring module communicates with the cloud via CAN bus (1Mbps) and supports FTP remote upgrade.

[0039] Central control unit: Based on ARM Cortex-A9 processor, with built-in power distribution algorithm (health weight: capacitor ripple coefficient 0.6, junction temperature decay rate 0.3, on-resistance change rate 0.1).

[0040] Work process:

[0041] Dynamic power allocation: When the server load is 30kW (75% of the rated total power), the central control unit activates 3 main power modules (health level 92%~95%, efficiency 94%~96%), and the redundant modules go into hibernation (hibernation power consumption 0.2W); when the photovoltaic output is ≥5kW, the dynamic energy pool unit prioritizes the allocation of photovoltaic power, and the insufficient part is supplemented by the main power.

[0042] Fault isolation: When the voltage ripple of a main power module rises to 6% of the rated value, the multi-parameter fusion detection unit uploads data, and the central control unit transfers the load to other modules through the dynamic energy pool within 15ms. Subsequently, the matrix switch cuts off the faulty module (shutdown time 8μs) and reconstructs the path through the redundant channel (voltage fluctuation 0.8%).

[0043] Energy efficiency optimization: Under light load (10kW), the soft-switching control circuit switches to frequency conversion mode, maintaining a conversion efficiency of 93% (85% for traditional solutions); during off-peak hours at night (00:00-06:00), the central control unit instructs the energy storage battery to discharge, reducing the cost of electricity consumption on the grid.

[0044] Implementation results:

[0045] Reliability: Fault isolation time is reduced by 70% compared to traditional solutions (15ms vs 50ms), annual power-related downtime is less than 5 minutes, and MTBF reaches 120,000 hours (traditional solutions 60,000 hours).

[0046] Energy efficiency: Light load efficiency is improved by 8%, saving approximately 12,000 kWh of electricity per year; combined with photovoltaics and energy storage, the data center PUE is reduced to 1.08 (industry average 1.3).

[0047] Economic benefits: Operation and maintenance costs are reduced by 30% (reduced manual intervention), and the annual income from energy storage peak-valley arbitrage is approximately 43,000 yuan.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] This embodiment provides an n+1 power supply intelligent control circuit and its fault isolation and energy-saving system for implementation in industrial control system power supplies. Specific implementation details include:

[0050] Implementation objective: To solve the problems of weak power supply anti-interference capability, slow fault recovery (traditional solution >100ms) and poor wide temperature adaptability in industrial environments, and to meet the requirements of "zero downtime" (fault recovery <20ms) and energy efficiency (load rate 20%~100% efficiency ≥90%) for production lines.

[0051] System composition:

[0052] Main power supply modules: 3 (n=3), rated power 5kW; redundant module 1, rated power 5kW, all adopt LLC resonant topology.

[0053] Dynamic energy pool unit: power metering chip sampling frequency 20kHz, dynamic distribution circuit response time 6ms; external energy unit includes 10kWh energy storage battery (1C charge / discharge) and emergency generator interface.

[0054] Self-healing isolation unit: SiCMOSFET switching frequency 100kHz, on / off response time 4ms; Sensor accuracy: temperature ±0.8℃, current ±0.4%, voltage ±0.15%.

[0055] Energy efficiency optimization unit: The local MCU is MSP430 (low power), and remote monitoring is achieved through Ethernet (100Mbps) communication. The soft switching efficiency is ≥94% at 20% to 100% load rate.

[0056] Job characteristics:

[0057] Suitable for industrial environments: operating temperature -25℃~70℃, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) meets IEC61000-6-2 standard.

[0058] Fault handling: When an overcurrent (12 times the rated current) is detected, the overcurrent protection circuit will shut off the switch within 7μs, and the alarm signal transmission will be delayed by 30μs.

[0059] Energy efficiency strategy: During production line downtime (nighttime), two main power modules go into sleep mode, with only one remaining in standby (power consumption 0.3W), resulting in 40% energy savings compared to traditional solutions.

[0060] Implementation results:

[0061] Interference resistance: Passed the 10kV surge test and operated continuously for 12 months without failure in dust and vibration environments.

[0062] Rapid recovery: Fault isolation and reconstruction time is 18ms, the production line does not stop due to power failure, and annual losses are reduced by about 200,000 yuan.

[0063] Energy saving: Under conditions of large load fluctuations (20% to 100%), the average efficiency is 92% (compared to 83% for traditional solutions), saving 8,000 kWh of electricity per year.

[0064] Example 3

[0065] This embodiment provides an n+1 power intelligent control circuit and its fault isolation and energy-saving system for the implementation of new energy storage systems. Specific implementation details include:

[0066] Objective: To address the issues of poor coordination among multiple power sources, low renewable energy absorption rate (<80% in traditional solutions), and insufficient peak-valley arbitrage efficiency in energy storage systems, and to achieve intelligent scheduling of "source-storage-load" (response time <50ms).

[0067] System composition:

[0068] Main power modules: 5 (n=5), rated power 20kW; 1 redundant module, adapted for photovoltaic and energy storage hybrid input.

[0069] Dynamic energy pool unit: bidirectional DC / DC converter with an efficiency of 97% (50% load rate), energy storage battery supporting 2C charge and discharge (capacity 1000Ah), and photovoltaic access response time of 400ms.

[0070] Self-healing isolation unit: The matrix switch adopts a cross-connection topology, supports multi-power switching (photovoltaic / energy storage / grid), and has a fault reconfiguration time of 18ms.

[0071] Energy efficiency optimization: In conjunction with the peak and off-peak electricity prices of the power grid, energy storage + redundant modules are used to supply power during peak hours (8:00-22:00), and the grid is used for charging during off-peak hours (22:00-8:00), resulting in a daily energy saving cost of approximately 120 yuan.

[0072] Implementation results:

[0073] New energy absorption rate: Photovoltaic utilization rate increased to 96% (80% for traditional solutions), with an annual increase in power generation of 12,000 kWh.

[0074] Dispatch Response: The grid command response time is 30ms, which meets the demand-side response (DR) requirements and is eligible for an annual grid subsidy of 30,000 yuan.

[0075] Economic efficiency: Peak-valley arbitrage plus subsidies yields an annual return of 43,000 yuan, shortening the investment payback period by 1.5 years.

[0076] Example 4

[0077] This embodiment provides an n+1 power intelligent control circuit and its fault isolation and energy-saving system for implementation of rail transit vehicle power supply. Specific implementation details include:

[0078] Objective: To address the issues of poor wide-temperature adaptability of on-board power supplies (traditional solutions -20℃ to 50℃), low regenerative braking efficiency (<70%), and high failure safety risks, while meeting EN50155 standards (-40℃ to 70℃) and fail-safe requirements.

[0079] System composition:

[0080] Main power supply modules: 2 (n=2), rated power 15kW; 1 redundant module, adaptable to wide temperature range of -40℃ to 60℃.

[0081] Dynamic energy pool unit: power distribution response time 5ms, supports regenerative braking (regenerative efficiency 95%).

[0082] Self-healing isolation unit: overcurrent protection threshold 10 times rated current, turn-off time 9μs, vibration level meets IEC61373Cat1A.

[0083] Performance: 1.5% voltage fluctuation during hot-swapping, 50% derating operation at a wide temperature range of -40°C (15kW output), MTBF 110,000 hours.

[0084] Implementation results:

[0085] Environmental adaptability: It can start up successfully at a low temperature of -40℃ and run continuously at a high temperature of 60℃ without derating, meeting the needs of cold regions.

[0086] Energy recovery: The braking energy recovery rate has been increased to 95% (compared to 70% in the traditional solution), saving 52,000 kWh of electricity per train per year.

[0087] Safety: After fault isolation, voltage fluctuation is less than 1.5%, and the train emergency braking is not triggered, improving operational safety by 40%.

[0088] Example 5

[0089] This embodiment provides an n+1 power intelligent control circuit and its fault isolation and energy-saving system for the implementation of a smart home power management system. Specific implementation details include:

[0090] Implementation objective: To solve the problems of high standby power consumption in household power supplies (traditional solutions > 2W), risk of fault propagation (short circuit in a single device causing a power outage throughout the house), and disordered energy scheduling, and to achieve "load grading + intelligent hibernation" (standby power consumption < 0.5W).

[0091] System composition:

[0092] Main power module: 1 (n=1), rated power 2kW; 1 redundant module to support mixed power supply for home appliances and security equipment.

[0093] Dynamic energy pool unit: external 500Wh energy storage battery (10Ah), access recognition time 300ms, standby power consumption 0.4W.

[0094] Energy efficiency optimization: The power supply for air conditioning and lighting is dynamically adjusted by the edge computing unit (PWM duty cycle adjustment step size of 0.1%), resulting in an average monthly energy saving of 15%.

[0095] Fault isolation: When a household appliance short-circuits, the matrix switch disconnects the fault circuit within 4ms, and the power supply to other devices is not affected (voltage fluctuation 0.6%).

[0096] Implementation results:

[0097] Energy saving: Household standby power consumption is reduced to 0.4W, saving 28 kWh per year; dynamic adjustment reduces the total energy consumption of air conditioning and lighting by 15%, saving about 200 yuan in electricity bills per year.

[0098] Safety: A single device failure does not affect other loads, avoiding the risk of power outages to security equipment caused by circuit breaker tripping in traditional solutions.

[0099] Convenience: Supports remote monitoring and policy customization. Users can set peak and off-peak electricity plans through the APP, with an operation response time of less than 1 second.

[0100] Comparative Example 1

[0101] This comparison provides a traditional n+1 power system.

[0102] Purpose of implementation: To serve as a benchmark to compare the advantages of this invention in terms of reliability, energy efficiency, and intelligence.

[0103] System composition:

[0104] There are 4 main power supply modules and 1 redundant module, with fixed power distribution (each bearing 20% ​​of the load).

[0105] Fault isolation: Mechanical relay (response time 50ms), no predictive isolation, directly switches to redundant module after fault (voltage fluctuation ±5%).

[0106] Energy efficiency control: No dynamic sleep mode, conversion efficiency of 82% under light load (20%), and standby power consumption of 2W.

[0107] Comparison of implementation results: See Table 1 for details.

[0108] Table 1. Parameter comparison between the present invention and Comparative Example 1

[0109] index Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Increase Fault isolation time 15ms 50ms Reduce by 70% 20% load rate efficiency 93％ 82％ An increase of 13.4%. MTBF 120,000 hours 60,000 hours 100% increase Redundant module sleep power consumption 0.2W 2W Reduced by 90% Voltage fluctuations after a fault ±0.8％ ±5％ Reduced by 84%

[0110] Compared with Examples 1-5 and Comparative Example 1, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0111] In terms of reliability, the fault isolation times for Examples 1-5 are 15ms (data center), 12ms (industrial control), 18ms (energy storage system), 9ms (rail transit), and 4ms (smart home), all significantly lower than the 50ms of the comparative example. Furthermore, through pre-isolation and load transfer mechanisms, post-fault voltage fluctuations are controlled within ±0.5% to ±1.5%, only 1 / 3 to 1 / 5 of the ±5% of the comparative example. The mean time between failures (MTBF) reaches 100,000 to 120,000 hours, 1.7 to 2 times that of the 60,000 hours of the comparative example. The data center scenario shows the most significant improvement in MTBF due to dynamic health management.

[0112] In terms of energy efficiency, the embodiment achieves a conversion efficiency of 93% (data center) and 92% (industrial control) under 20% light load, an improvement of 11% to 13.4% compared to the comparative example's 82%. Standby power consumption is as low as 0.2 to 0.4W, only 1 / 5 to 1 / 10 of the comparative example's 2W. The dynamic hibernation strategy allows redundant modules to shut down under low load, such as saving 40% of energy at night in industrial scenarios, saving 120 yuan per day through peak-valley electricity pricing for energy storage systems, and saving an average of 15% of energy per month for smart homes. The overall energy efficiency advantage becomes more pronounced as the load fluctuation increases.

[0113] In terms of intelligent control, the implementation uses a health-weighted algorithm (parameters such as capacitor ripple coefficient and junction temperature decay rate) to dynamically allocate loads, prioritizing the activation of high-efficiency modules. For example, in a data center, the main power supply with a health level ≥92% is prioritized, avoiding the inefficient operation caused by traditional fixed allocation. The dynamic energy pool supports the access of multiple energy sources such as photovoltaics and energy storage, with a response time within 400ms, enabling coordinated energy utilization, while the comparative model only supports a single grid input.

[0114] In terms of adaptability, the embodiment covers a wide temperature range of -40℃ to 70℃ (rail transit can operate with a 50% derating at -40℃), meets industrial and automotive electromagnetic compatibility standards, and has voltage fluctuations of ≤±2% during hot-swapping, making it suitable for various scenarios such as data centers and industrial control. The comparative example can only operate stably at room temperature, lacks wide-temperature and anti-interference design, and its application scenarios are limited.

[0115] In summary, this invention, through the collaborative design of dynamic energy pool, self-healing isolation, and energy efficiency optimization, comprehensively surpasses the traditional n+1 system in terms of reliability, energy efficiency, and intelligence, and is adaptable to the needs of multiple fields, possessing significant technical advantages.

[0116] The above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or other arbitrary combinations. When implemented by software, the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product.

[0117] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0118] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module.

[0119] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of protection of the claims.

[0120] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An n+1 power supply intelligent control circuit and its fault isolation and energy-saving system, characterized in that, include: It consists of n main power modules, 1 redundant power module, a dynamic energy pool unit, a self-healing isolation unit, an energy efficiency optimization unit, and a central control unit. The dynamic energy pool unit is connected to n main power modules, 1 redundant power module and external energy unit respectively. It is used to integrate the output power of each power module to form an adjustable power pool, collect and feed back the power status, health parameters and energy efficiency data of each module to the central control unit in real time, and dynamically allocate the output ratio of each module based on the instructions of the central control unit. The self-healing isolation unit includes a matrix solid-state switch network, a multi-parameter fusion detection unit, and a fault isolation logic circuit. The matrix solid-state switch network adopts a cross-connection topology to form redundant channels, which are connected in series between each power module and the bus. The multi-parameter fusion detection unit collects the voltage ripple, temperature, and current waveform parameters of each module and uploads them to the central control unit. The fault isolation logic circuit receives the isolation command from the central control unit and executes the switching action. The energy efficiency optimization unit includes a local microprocessor module and a remote monitoring module. The local microprocessor module is integrated into each power module and communicates with the central control unit to execute real-time energy efficiency adjustment commands. The remote monitoring module receives system data summarized by the central control unit through the communication bus and issues global energy efficiency strategies. Based on feedback data from the dynamic energy pool unit, the central control unit sends fault isolation commands to the self-healing isolation unit and parameter adjustment commands to the energy efficiency optimization unit. Through the collaborative interaction of each unit, intelligent control, fault isolation, and energy-saving operation under the n+1 architecture are achieved.

2. The n+1 power supply intelligent control circuit and its fault isolation and energy-saving system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic energy pool unit includes a power metering chip and a dynamic distribution circuit. The power metering chip has a sampling frequency of 10kHz to 100kHz, and the dynamic distribution circuit has a response time of no more than 10ms. The external energy unit includes photovoltaic modules, energy storage batteries, and emergency generators. The access interface supports a wide voltage input from DC24V to 400V. It can be plugged and played with the dynamic energy pool unit through the Modbus-RTU standardized communication protocol, and the access identification time is no more than 500ms.

3. The n+1 power supply intelligent control circuit and its fault isolation and energy-saving system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The energy storage battery uses lithium iron phosphate batteries with a capacity of 10Ah to 1000Ah and supports charge and discharge rates of 1C to 5C. The dynamic energy pool unit is connected to the energy storage battery through a bidirectional DC / DC converter with a conversion efficiency of no less than 96% at a load rate of 50% to 100%. The bidirectional DC / DC converter supports charge and discharge logic switching based on instructions from the central control unit, with a switching response time of no more than 20ms.

4. The n+1 power supply intelligent control circuit and its fault isolation and energy-saving system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The matrix solid-state switch network uses silicon carbide MOSFET devices with a switching frequency of 50kHz to 2MHz and a switching response time of no more than 5ms. The multi-parameter fusion detection unit includes a temperature sensor, a current sensor, and a voltage sensor. The temperature sensor has a measurement range of -40℃ to 125℃ with an accuracy of ±1℃, the current sensor has a measurement range of 0 to 500A with an accuracy of ±0.5%, and the voltage sensor has a measurement range of 0 to 1000V with an accuracy of ±0.2%. The data from each sensor are transmitted to the central control unit via differential signals with a transmission delay of no more than 10μs.

5. The n+1 power supply intelligent control circuit and its fault isolation and energy-saving system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The matrix solid-state switch network also includes an overcurrent protection circuit. When a fault current of not less than 10 times the rated current is detected, the overcurrent protection circuit triggers the switch to turn off within 10μs and sends a fault alarm signal to the central control unit with a signal transmission delay of not more than 50μs.

6. The n+1 power supply intelligent control circuit and its fault isolation and energy-saving system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When the multi-parameter fusion detection unit detects that the voltage ripple of a certain module is not less than 5% of the rated value or the temperature is not lower than 90°C, the central control unit sends a pre-isolation command to the fault isolation logic circuit. After the load of the module is transferred to other modules through the dynamic energy pool unit and the transfer time does not exceed 20ms, the matrix solid-state switch network is triggered to disconnect its connection with the bus and the power supply path is reconstructed through the redundant channel. During the reconstruction process, the output voltage fluctuation does not exceed ±1%.

7. The n+1 power supply intelligent control circuit and its fault isolation and energy-saving system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The local microprocessor module uses a 32-bit MCU, supports PWM signal output with an adjustable frequency range of 1kHz to 100kHz and an adjustment accuracy of ±0.1%, and is used to dynamically adjust the switching duty cycle of the power module according to the instructions of the central control unit. The remote monitoring module communicates with the local microprocessor module via CAN bus or Ethernet. The CAN bus rate is 500kbps to 1Mbps, and the Ethernet rate is 100Mbps. It also supports remote firmware upgrade function based on FTP protocol, and the upgrade process does not interrupt the power supply.

8. The n+1 power supply intelligent control circuit and its fault isolation and energy-saving system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The energy efficiency optimization unit also includes a soft-switching control circuit, which is integrated into the control logic of the local microprocessor module. It adopts a phase-shifted full-bridge zero-voltage topology and has a conversion efficiency of no less than 94% in the load range of 20% to 100%, with an efficiency of no less than 96% in the load range of 50% to 100%, and a standby power consumption of no more than 0.5W.

9. The n+1 power supply intelligent control circuit and its fault isolation and energy-saving system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The central control unit has a built-in power allocation algorithm that allocates the load based on the real-time conversion efficiency and health status of each module. Health parameters include capacitor ripple coefficient, semiconductor junction temperature decay rate, and switching transistor on-resistance change rate. The health status is calculated based on a weighted average of these parameters. When the load power does not exceed 80% of the rated total power, the main power supply module with a health status of not less than 90% and an efficiency of not less than 92% is activated first, and the redundant power supply module is controlled to enter sleep mode with a sleep power consumption of not more than 0.3W. When the load power exceeds 80% of the rated total power, the redundant power supply module is activated and 10% to 20% of the load power is allocated.

10. The n+1 power supply intelligent control circuit and its fault isolation and energy-saving system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power density of the n+1 power intelligent control circuit is not less than 5kW / L, the operating ambient temperature range is -25℃ to 70℃ and it can be derated by 50% at -40℃, the mean time between failures is not less than 100,000 hours, and it supports hot-swapping of each functional unit at rated voltage, with the output voltage fluctuation during the plugging and unplugging process not exceeding ±2%.

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