High-nutrition vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a high-nutrition vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation. The high-nutrition vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6-10 parts of corn stalks, 3-5 parts of shiitake mushroom residue, 1-3 parts of amino acid crude powder, 5-10 parts of modified activated carbon, 10-15 parts of vermiculite, 15-30 parts of perlite and 5-10 parts of chicken manure. The scientific proportioning of the components and the complementary functions promote the root system development of vegetable seedlings, improve the stress resistance of the vegetable seedlings, and lay a solid foundation for the seedling raising of the vegetables.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, in particular to a high-nutrition vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, traditional substrates such as soil, peat, and perlite are mostly used for vegetable seedling raising. Although they have certain water retention and air permeability, they have obvious deficiencies in nutrient supply. Traditional substrates often lack full-value nutrient elements required for the growth of vegetable seedlings, especially trace elements and organic active substances, resulting in slow growth of seedlings, poor stress resistance, and even deficiency symptoms. In addition, long-term use of non-renewable resources such as peat also faces environmental pressure, and an efficient and sustainable alternative solution is urgently needed.

[0003] In recent years, some studies have attempted to improve the fertility of the substrate by adding chemical fertilizers or organic fertilizers, but chemical fertilizers are easy to cause salt accumulation and inhibit root development of seedlings; and organic fertilizers that have not been fully composted may carry pathogenic bacteria, increasing the risk of diseases during the seedling stage. In addition, some composite substrates, although they improve the physical properties by mixing multiple materials (such as coconut husk and vermiculite), still cannot achieve the slow release and balanced supply of nutrients, and cannot meet the special nutritional needs of high-value vegetables (such as leafy vegetables and solanaceous vegetables) during the seedling stage.

[0004] Chinese patent document CN110122267A discloses a vegetable seedling raising substrate and a preparation method. The technical solution includes the following components by volume: peat soil 2-10 parts, edible mushroom residue 0-7 parts, and perlite 0-1 part. Pig manure and quicklime are added during the preparation process of the edible mushroom residue to adjust the moisture content of the residue, and a fermentation agent is added for pile fermentation. The vegetable seedling raising substrate has low cost, light texture, and full nutrients, and is very suitable for the growth and development of vegetable seedlings, and is a good foundation for vegetable seedling raising. However, the components used in this patent are too simple, only three materials of peat soil, mushroom residue, and perlite, and lack efficient nutrient activators such as amino acids and organic acids and functional additives, which cannot provide comprehensive and balanced nutrition for seedlings, have poor stress resistance, and cannot meet the high standard requirements of modern high-value vegetable seedling raising for the comprehensive performance of the substrate. SUMMARY

[0005] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a high-nutrition vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof. The scientific proportioning and functional complementation of the components promote the root development of vegetable seedlings and improve the stress resistance, laying a solid foundation for vegetable seedling raising.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a high-nutrition vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate, which comprises the following components by weight: 6-10 parts of corn straw, 3-5 parts of shiitake mushroom residue, 1-3 parts of amino acid raw powder, 5-10 parts of modified activated carbon, 10-15 parts of vermiculite, 15-30 parts of perlite, and 5-10 parts of chicken manure.

[0007] Preferably, the preparation method of the modified activated carbon is as follows:

[0008] (1) Coconut shell activated carbon is added to an ethanol aqueous solution, a vinyl silane coupling agent is added, and the vinyl activated carbon is stirred and reacted;

[0009] (2) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, acrylic acid, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and acrylamide are added to an ethanol aqueous solution, the vinyl activated carbon and ammonium persulfate are added, constant temperature reaction is performed, filtration is performed, and the solid product is collected, washed, and dried to obtain functionalized activated carbon;

[0010] (3) The functionalized activated carbon is dispersed in anhydrous ethanol, citric acid, lactic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid are added, and temperature reaction is performed, filtration is performed, and the solid product is collected, washed, and dried to obtain composite activated carbon;

[0011] (4) Polyvinyl alcohol is added to deionized water, dissolved by heating and stirring, and then potassium silicate and sodium alginate are added, and stirred until uniform to obtain a coating liquid; the coating liquid is sprayed on the surface of the composite activated carbon to perform coating, and the modified activated carbon is obtained after drying.

[0012] Preferably, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the coconut shell activated carbon to the vinyl silane coupling agent is 20-30:3-5; the stirring and reaction temperature is 30-50℃, and the reaction time is 3-5h.

[0013] In this step, the coconut shell activated carbon is treated with the vinyl silane coupling agent to introduce vinyl groups on the surface thereof, which is beneficial to subsequent reactions.

[0014] Preferably, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the acrylic acid, the hydroxypropyl methacrylate, the acrylamide, the vinyl activated carbon, and the ammonium persulfate is 20-30:30-40:20-30:50-60:1-2; the constant temperature reaction temperature is 70-80℃, and the time is 3-5h.

[0015] In this step, the functionalized activated carbon is obtained through the radical polymerization reaction of the vinyl activated carbon, the acrylic acid, the hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and the acrylamide, a high water-absorbing resin network is formed on the surface of the activated carbon, active hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups are introduced, the water retention capacity is greatly improved, water loss is reduced, and stable water supply during vegetable seedling raising is ensured.

[0016] Preferably, in the step (3), the mass ratio of the functionalized activated carbon, the citric acid, and the lactic acid is 20-30:3-5:2-4; the temperature reaction temperature is 60-80℃, and the reaction time is 6-8h.

[0017] In this step, citric acid, lactic acid and active groups on the functionalized activated carbon undergo esterification reaction, and then citric acid and lactic acid are grafted on the activated carbon, so that the combination between citric acid, lactic acid and the functionalized activated carbon is more stable, and in the growth process of the vegetable seedlings, due to the hydrolysis of the ester group, citric acid and lactic acid are slowly released, reducing the loss of the two in water and soil, and improving the utilization efficiency of the two; wherein citric acid is an organic acid, which can chelate metal ions such as Fe 2+ , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ in the substrate, improve the utilization rate of trace elements, and can improve the fertility of the substrate, promote seed germination and promote the growth of seedlings, lactic acid can optimize the microbial environment of the substrate, not only can provide nutrition source for microorganisms to activate and enhance microbial activity, but also can improve the physical and chemical properties of the substrate, promote the growth of vegetable seedling roots, improve the adaptability of vegetable seedlings to adverse stress, and promote the healthy growth of vegetable seedlings.

[0018] Preferably, the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, potassium silicate and sodium alginate in the step (4) is 3-5:4-8:2-4.

[0019] The coating material in this step is environmentally friendly and non-polluting, and can be gradually degraded in the environment, and by coating modification of the composite activated carbon, the release rate of the internal active components can be adjusted according to the change of the rhizosphere environment, so that the salt damage and osmotic stress caused by the high initial nutrient concentration to the seedlings are effectively avoided, the silicon acid potassium in the coating layer can adjust the pH value of the substrate, promote the root development of the vegetable seedlings, and the silicon element in the silicon acid potassium can enter the plant body through silicon transporter, participate in the structure strengthening of the cell wall, improve the lodging resistance, disease and pest resistance and stress resistance of the plant, so as to promote the healthy growth and stress resistance enhancement of the vegetable seedlings.

[0020] The application also discloses a preparation method of the high-nutrient vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate.

[0021] According to the formula, each component is weighed, corn straw and shiitake mushroom residue are dried and crushed, and then mixed with amino acid raw powder, modified activated carbon, vermiculite, perlite and chicken manure to obtain the high-nutrient vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) The present application provides a high-nutrient vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate, which utilizes organic waste resources such as corn stalks, shiitake mushroom residue and chicken manure, and constructs a stable physical structure and long-acting nutrient bank. Among them, corn stalks serve as the framework material, ensuring the loose and breathable nature of the substrate, and slowly releasing carbon sources during the decomposition process to provide energy for microbial activity; shiitake mushroom residue is not only rich in nutrients, but also introduces beneficial microbial communities, which can effectively inhibit soil diseases, degrade organic matter and improve nutrient availability; chicken manure serves as a comprehensive source of readily available nutrients. At the same time, the addition of inorganic components such as vermiculite and perlite adjusts the water and gas ratio and porosity of the substrate, avoiding the problems of easy compaction and poor aeration of traditional seedling soil. The introduction of amino acid powder as a high-efficiency nutrient activator can be quickly absorbed by the roots and promote the availability of trace elements in the substrate. The scientific proportioning of various components and the complementary functions form a comprehensive nutrient and high-biological-activity composite system, significantly promoting the development of root systems and the increase of fibrous roots, laying a solid foundation for vegetable seedling raising.

[0024] (2) The present application adds modified activated carbon to the high-nutrient vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate, which stably loads citric acid and lactic acid in a chemical grafting manner and realizes long-acting slow release through the coating layer. This not only avoids the instantaneous loss of nutrients and initial salt damage, but also continuously adjusts the microenvironment of the substrate: the slow release of lactic acid optimizes the microbial community, while citric acid chelates trace elements, improving the overall utilization rate of nutrients. The synergistic effect of multiple components provides balanced nutrition for seedlings throughout the entire growth cycle, significantly promoting the development of root systems and the growth of plants. At the same time, potassium silicate in the coating layer can adjust the pH of the substrate, promote root development and enhance the plant's resistance to lodging and stress. The modified activated carbon integrates water and fertilizer conservation, loading of functional substances, controlled release and environmental regulation into one, significantly improving the comprehensive performance of the high-nutrient vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate;

[0025] (3) The preparation process of the present application is mature and controllable, the raw materials are widely available, mainly using agricultural waste such as corn stalks, shiitake mushroom residue and chicken manure, which conforms to the development direction of national green agriculture and circular economy, has significant social benefits and environmental value, and the preparation process of the substrate is simple, only needs to crush and mix the components in proportion, easy to realize large-scale production, reduces the production cost. In addition, the coating material used in the present application is an environmentally friendly polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate, which can be naturally degraded in the soil and will not cause secondary pollution. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] For the sake of brevity, the items used in the following examples are all commercially available products unless otherwise specified, and the methods used are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0027] The sources of some raw materials used in the present application are as follows:

[0028] Coconut shell activated carbon, 6-12 mesh, purchased from Xinghua Carbon Industry Technology Nanjing Co., Ltd.

[0029] Chicken manure, fully composted chicken manure, water content controlled at 30-40%, no pathogenic bacteria and weed seeds.

[0030] Amino acid powder, model 08, purchased from Shandong Zhenying Biological Technology Co., Ltd.

[0031] Vermiculite, particle size 20-40 mesh, purchased from Lingshou County Yehui Mineral Products Co., Ltd.

[0032] Pearlite, particle size 3-8 mm, purchased from Xinyang City Zhiqiu Pearlite Co., Ltd.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] A method for preparing a high-nutrient vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0035] After drying 80g of corn straw, 42g of shiitake mushroom residue, and crushing to 1mm, mix with 20g of amino acid powder, 65g of modified activated carbon, 128g of vermiculite, 210g of pearlite, and 76g of chicken manure to obtain a high-nutrient vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate.

[0036] The preparation method of the modified activated carbon is as follows:

[0037] (1) Add 50g of coconut shell activated carbon to 200mL of 50wt% ethanol aqueous solution, add 9g of vinyl triisopropoxy silane, stir at 40℃ for 4h, filter to collect the solid, wash and dry to obtain vinyl activated carbon;

[0038] (2) Under nitrogen atmosphere, add 25.3g of acrylic acid, 34.8g of hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and 26.3g of acrylamide to 500mL of 50wt% ethanol aqueous solution, add 55g of vinyl activated carbon and 1.5g of ammonium persulfate, react at 75℃ for 4h, filter, collect the solid, wash and dry to obtain functionalized activated carbon;

[0039] (3) Disperse 25.8g of functionalized activated carbon in 250mL of anhydrous ethanol, add 4.2g of citric acid, 3.5g of lactic acid, and 1.3g of p-toluenesulfonic acid, heat to 70℃ and react for 7h, filter, collect the solid product, wash and dry to obtain composite activated carbon;

[0040] (4) Add 8.5g of polyvinyl alcohol to 200mL of deionized water, heat and stir to dissolve, then add 13.2g of potassium silicate and 3.2g of sodium alginate, stir uniformly to obtain a coating liquid; spray the coating liquid on the surface of the composite activated carbon for coating, the thickness of the coating layer is 2mm, and after drying, the modified activated carbon is obtained.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] A preparation method of a high-nutrient vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0043] After 60 g of corn stalks, 30 g of dried shiitake mushroom residue are crushed to 1 mm, 10 g of amino acid raw powder, 52 g of modified activated carbon, 100 g of vermiculite, 153 g of perlite, and 50 g of chicken manure are uniformly mixed to obtain the high-nutrient vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate.

[0044] The preparation method of the modified activated carbon is as follows:

[0045] (1) 40 g of coconut shell activated carbon is added to 200 mL of 50 wt% ethanol aqueous solution, 6 g of vinyl triisopropoxysilane is added, and stirring reaction is carried out at 30°C for 5 h, and the solid product is collected by filtration, washed and dried to obtain vinyl activated carbon;

[0046] (2) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 20 g of acrylic acid, 30 g of hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and 20 g of acrylamide are added to 500 mL of 50 wt% ethanol aqueous solution, 50 g of vinyl activated carbon and 1 g of ammonium persulfate are added, and constant temperature reaction is carried out at 70°C for 5 h, and the solid product is collected by filtration, washed and dried to obtain functionalized activated carbon;

[0047] (3) 20 g of functionalized activated carbon is dispersed in 250 mL of anhydrous ethanol, 3 g of citric acid, 2 g of lactic acid, and 1 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid are added, and reaction is carried out at 60°C for 8 h, and the solid product is collected by filtration, washed and dried to obtain composite activated carbon;

[0048] (4) 6 g of polyvinyl alcohol is added to 200 mL of deionized water, heated and stirred to dissolve, then 8 g of potassium silicate and 4 g of sodium alginate are added, and stirred uniformly to obtain a coating liquid; the coating liquid is sprayed on the surface of the composite activated carbon for coating, the thickness of the coating layer is 2 mm, and the modified activated carbon is obtained after drying.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] A preparation method of a high-nutrient vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0051] After 100 g of corn stalks, 50 g of dried shiitake mushroom residue are crushed to 1 mm, 30 g of amino acid raw powder, 100 g of modified activated carbon, 150 g of vermiculite, 300 g of perlite, and 100 g of chicken manure are uniformly mixed to obtain the high-nutrient vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate.

[0052] The preparation method of the modified activated carbon is as follows:

[0053] (1) 60 g coconut shell activated carbon was added to 300 mL 50 wt% aqueous ethanol solution, 10 g vinyl triisopropoxysilane was added, and the reaction was stirred at 50°C for 3 h. The solid was collected by filtration, washed, and dried to obtain the vinyl activated carbon;

[0054] (2) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 30 g acrylic acid, 40 g hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and 30 g acrylamide were added to 500 mL 50 wt% aqueous ethanol solution, 60 g vinyl activated carbon and 2 g ammonium persulfate were added, and the reaction was carried out at 80°C for 3 h. The solid was collected by filtration, washed, and dried to obtain the functionalized activated carbon;

[0055] (3) 30 g of the functionalized activated carbon was dispersed in 250 mL of anhydrous ethanol, 5 g of citric acid, 4 g of lactic acid, and 2 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid were added, and the reaction was carried out at 80°C for 6 h. The solid product was collected by filtration, washed, and dried to obtain the composite activated carbon;

[0056] (4) 10 g of polyvinyl alcohol was added to 200 mL of deionized water, heated and stirred to dissolve, then 16 g of potassium silicate and 8 g of sodium alginate were added, and stirred until uniform to obtain a coating liquid. The coating liquid was sprayed onto the surface of the composite activated carbon to coat, the thickness of the coating layer was 2 mm, and after drying, the modified activated carbon was obtained.

[0057] Comparative Example 1

[0058] A method for preparing a high-nutrient vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate, similar to Example 1, except that no potassium silicate was added to the modified activated carbon, and specifically comprising the following steps:

[0059] 80 g of corn straw, 42 g of dried and crushed pleurotus ostreatus residue, 20 g of amino acid raw powder, 65 g of modified activated carbon, 128 g of vermiculite, 210 g of perlite, and 76 g of chicken manure were mixed uniformly to obtain a high-nutrient vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate.

[0060] The preparation method of the modified activated carbon is as follows:

[0061] (1) 50 g of coconut shell activated carbon was added to 200 mL of 50 wt% aqueous ethanol solution, 9 g of vinyl triisopropoxysilane was added, and the reaction was stirred at 40°C for 4 h. The solid was collected by filtration, washed, and dried to obtain the vinyl activated carbon;

[0062] (2) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 25.3 g of acrylic acid, 34.8 g of hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and 26.3 g of acrylamide were added to 500 mL of 50 wt% aqueous ethanol solution, 55 g of vinyl activated carbon and 1.5 g of ammonium persulfate were added, and the reaction was carried out at 75°C for 4 h. The solid was collected by filtration, washed, and dried to obtain the functionalized activated carbon;

[0063] (3) 25.8 g of the functionalized activated carbon was dispersed in 250 mL of anhydrous ethanol, 4.2 g of citric acid, 3.5 g of lactic acid and 1.3 g of p-toluene sulfonic acid were added, and the mixture was heated to 70°C for 7 h, filtered, and the solid product was collected, washed and dried to obtain the composite activated carbon;

[0064] (4) 8.5 g of polyvinyl alcohol was added to 200 mL of deionized water, and the mixture was heated and stirred to dissolve, followed by the addition of 3.2 g of sodium alginate, and the mixture was stirred until uniform to obtain a coating liquid; the coating liquid was sprayed on the surface of the composite activated carbon for coating, and the thickness of the coating layer was 2 mm, and the modified activated carbon was obtained after drying.

[0065] Comparative Example 2

[0066] A method for preparing a high-nutrient vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate, similar to Example 1, except that no superabsorbent polymer was introduced into the modified activated carbon, and specifically comprising the following steps:

[0067] 80 g of corn straw, 42 g of dried and crushed pleurotus ostreatus residue, 20 g of amino acid raw powder, 65 g of modified activated carbon, 128 g of vermiculite, 210 g of perlite and 76 g of chicken manure were mixed uniformly to obtain a high-nutrient vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate.

[0068] The preparation method of the modified activated carbon is as follows:

[0069] (1) 50 g of coconut shell activated carbon was added to 200 mL of 50 wt% ethanol aqueous solution, 9 g of vinyl triisopropoxy silane was added, and the mixture was stirred at 40°C for 4 h, filtered, and the solid product was collected, washed and dried to obtain the vinyl activated carbon;

[0070] (2) 25.8 g of the vinyl activated carbon was dispersed in 250 mL of anhydrous ethanol, 4.2 g of citric acid, 3.5 g of lactic acid and 1.3 g of p-toluene sulfonic acid were added, and the mixture was heated to 70°C for 7 h, filtered, and the solid product was collected, washed and dried to obtain the composite activated carbon;

[0071] (3) 8.5 g of polyvinyl alcohol was added to 200 mL of deionized water, and the mixture was heated and stirred to dissolve, followed by the addition of 13.2 g of potassium silicate and 3.2 g of sodium alginate, and the mixture was stirred until uniform to obtain a coating liquid; the coating liquid was sprayed on the surface of the composite activated carbon for coating, and the thickness of the coating layer was 2 mm, and the modified activated carbon was obtained after drying.

[0072] Comparative Example 3

[0073] A method for preparing a high-nutrient vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate, similar to Example 1, except that no citric acid and lactic acid were added to the modified activated carbon, and specifically comprising the following steps:

[0074] 80g corn straw, 42g dried Pleurotus ostreatus residue, 20g amino acid raw powder, 65g modified activated carbon, 128g vermiculite, 210g perlite, 76g chicken manure are mixed uniformly to obtain a high-nutrient vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate.

[0075] The preparation method of the modified activated carbon is as follows:

[0076] (1) 50g coconut shell activated carbon is added to 200mL 50wt% ethanol aqueous solution, 9g vinyltriisopropoxysilane is added, stirring reaction is carried out at 40℃ for 4h, the solid is collected by filtration, washed and dried to obtain vinyl activated carbon;

[0077] (2) 25.3g acrylic acid, 34.8g hydroxypropyl methacrylate and 26.3g acrylamide are added to 500mL 50wt% ethanol aqueous solution under nitrogen atmosphere, 55g vinyl activated carbon and 1.5g ammonium persulfate are added, constant temperature reaction is carried out at 75℃ for 4h, the solid is collected by filtration, washed and dried to obtain functionalized activated carbon;

[0078] (3) 8.5g polyvinyl alcohol is added to 200mL deionized water, heated and stirred to dissolve, then 13.2g potassium silicate and 3.2g sodium alginate are added, stirred uniformly to obtain a coating liquid; the coating liquid is sprayed on the surface of the functionalized activated carbon for coating, the thickness of the coating layer is 2mm, and the modified activated carbon is obtained after drying.

[0079] Comparative Example 4

[0080] A preparation method of a high-nutrient vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate, similar to Example 1, differs in that citric acid and lactic acid in the modified activated carbon are added by physical mixing, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0081] 80g corn straw, 42g dried Pleurotus ostreatus residue, 20g amino acid raw powder, 65g modified activated carbon, 128g vermiculite, 210g perlite, 76g chicken manure are mixed uniformly to obtain a high-nutrient vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate.

[0082] The preparation method of the modified activated carbon is as follows:

[0083] (1) 50g coconut shell activated carbon is added to 200mL 50wt% ethanol aqueous solution, 9g vinyltriisopropoxysilane is added, stirring reaction is carried out at 40℃ for 4h, the solid is collected by filtration, washed and dried to obtain vinyl activated carbon;

[0084] (2) Under nitrogen atmosphere, 25.3 g of acrylic acid, 34.8 g of hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 26.3 g of acrylamide were added into 500 mL of 50 wt% aqueous ethanol solution, 55 g of vinyl activated carbon and 1.5 g of ammonium persulfate were added, and the reaction was carried out at 75°C for 4 h. After filtration, the solid was collected, washed and dried to obtain the functionalized activated carbon;

[0085] (3) 25.8 g of the functionalized activated carbon, 4.2 g of citric acid, 3.5 g of lactic acid were mixed to obtain the composite activated carbon;

[0086] (4) 8.5 g of polyvinyl alcohol was added into 200 mL of deionized water, and was dissolved by heating and stirring. Then, 13.2 g of potassium silicate and 3.2 g of sodium alginate were added, and were stirred uniformly to obtain a coating liquid. The coating liquid was sprayed on the surface of the composite activated carbon to perform coating, and the thickness of the coating layer was 2 mm. After drying, the modified activated carbon was obtained.

[0087] Tomato seeds of "Century Jiali" were selected, soaked in water at about 50°C for two hours, and then disinfected with 2% hydrogen peroxide. The seeds were repeatedly washed with sterile water, placed in a germination box, and germinated at 28°C constant temperature and humidity until the seeds were white and germinated. Before seedling, the seedling tray was filled with the high-nutrient vegetable cultivation and seedling substrate obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4, 50 plants were set in each experimental group, then the nutrient solution was poured, and the above germinated seeds were sown in the seedling tray, and then placed in an artificial climate box to simulate a composite stress environment, with specific conditions being: daytime temperature 10°C, nighttime 4°C, simulating low temperature stress, at the same time, the water amount was controlled to be 45% of the normal demand, simulating drought stress, and the experimental period was 30 days. The tomato seedlings were taken out from the seedling tray, the excess substrate was removed from the roots, and the root activity, chlorophyll content and seedling index were tested. The test results were averaged.

[0088] The determination method of root activity was as follows: 0.5 g of root was cut into a piece with a length of about 2 cm, and was placed in a test tube. Two blank controls were set, 2 mL of 1 mol / L H2SO4 was added to the controls, and the same amount of mixed solution of 10 mL of 0.4% TTC and phosphate buffer (1 / 15 mol·L -1 , PH = 7.0) was added to the other test tubes. After sealing, it was placed in a 37°C constant temperature box, taken out after 4 h, 2 mL of 1 mol·L -1 H2SO4 was added to the test tubes except the controls to terminate the reaction, and after 15 min, the roots were taken out and dried, and were placed back into the original test tubes. 10 mL of 95% ethanol was added to each test tube, and was extracted for 24 h until the roots turned white. After dilution by 3-5 times according to the color, the colorimetric test was performed by a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 485 nm. The root activity (μg·g -1 FW·h) = (A 485+0.0035) / 4xh x W x 0.0022 (h=4, W=0.5).

[0089] The determination method of chlorophyll content is as follows: fresh plant leaves are taken, the surface of the tissue is cleaned, the midrib is removed, 0.2 g of the cut leaves is taken in a test tube, 20 ml of 95% ethanol is added, then the test tube is sealed and placed in the dark for 36 h until the leaves turn white, the spectrophotometer is used for colorimetry at wavelengths of 665 nm, 649 nm and 470 nm, 95% ethanol is used as a blank, and the formula Ca (the concentration of chlorophyll a) = 13.95A665-6.8A649+0.34A470, Cb (the concentration of chlorophyll b) = 24.96A649-20.95A665-4.67A470, and total chlorophyll content = chlorophyll a + chlorophyll b are used. 649 649 665

[0090] The determination method of seedling index is as follows: the plant is divided into an aboveground part and an underground part, the two parts are washed with deionized water and then dried, the plant height (from the base of the stem to the growth point), the stem diameter (at a position 1 cm from the top of the aboveground part) and the fresh weight are measured, then the sample is killed at 105 ℃ for 15 min, dried at 75 ℃ until the weight is constant, and the dry weight is measured by using an analytical balance, wherein the seedling index = (the dry weight of the underground part / (the dry weight of the aboveground part + the stem diameter) x the dry weight of the whole plant.

[0091] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0092] Table 1: Test results of the cultivation performance of tomato seedlings

[0093]

[0094] As can be seen from the experimental results in Table 1, the high-nutrition vegetable cultivation substrate obtained by the method can effectively cultivate strong tomato seedlings.

[0095] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and do not limit the patent scope of the present application, and the present application can have various modifications and changes for those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the patent protection scope of the present application.​​​

Claims

1. A high-nutrient vegetable seedling substrate, characterized in that, It comprises the following components by weight: 6-10 parts of corn stalks, 3-5 parts of pleurotus ostreatus residue, 1-3 parts of amino acid raw powder, 5-10 parts of modified activated carbon, 10-15 parts of vermiculite, 15-30 parts of perlite, and 5-10 parts of chicken manure; The preparation method of the modified activated carbon is as follows: (1) The coconut shell activated carbon is added into an ethanol aqueous solution, a vinyl silane coupling agent is added, and stirring reaction is performed to obtain a vinyl activated carbon; (2) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, acrylic acid, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and acrylamide are added into an ethanol aqueous solution, the vinyl activated carbon and ammonium persulfate are added, constant temperature reaction is performed, filtration is performed, and the solid product is collected, washed, and dried to obtain a functionalized activated carbon; (3) The functionalized activated carbon is dispersed in anhydrous ethanol, citric acid, lactic acid, and p-toluene sulfonic acid are added, temperature rising reaction is performed, filtration is performed, and the solid product is collected, washed, and dried to obtain a composite activated carbon; (4) Polyvinyl alcohol is added into deionized water, heated and stirred to dissolve, and then potassium silicate and sodium alginate are added, and stirred uniformly to obtain a coating liquid; The coating liquid is sprayed on the surface of the composite activated carbon for coating, and the modified activated carbon is obtained after drying; In the step (1), the amount ratio of the coconut shell activated carbon to the vinyl silane coupling agent is 20-30:3-5; In the step (2), the mass ratio of the acrylic acid, the hydroxypropyl methacrylate, the acrylamide, the vinyl activated carbon, and the ammonium persulfate is 20-30:30-40:20-30:50-60:1-2; In the step (3), the mass ratio of the functionalized activated carbon, the citric acid, and the lactic acid is 20-30:3-5:2-4; In the step (4), the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol, the potassium silicate, and the sodium alginate is 3-5:4-8:2-4.

2. The vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized by: In the step (1), the stirring reaction temperature is 30-50℃, and the reaction time is 3-5h.

3. The vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized by: In the step (2), the constant temperature reaction temperature is 70-80℃, and the time is 3-5h.

4. The vegetable-cultivation and seedling- raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized by: In the step (3), the temperature rising reaction temperature is 60-80℃, and the reaction time is 6-8h.

5. A method for the production of a vegetable growing and seedling raising substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: According to the formula, each component is weighed, the corn stalks and the pleurotus ostreatus residue are dried and crushed, and then mixed with the amino acid raw powder, the modified activated carbon, the vermiculite, the perlite, and the chicken manure to obtain a high-nutrient vegetable cultivation and seedling raising substrate.

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