Rescue drilling process for mine emergency management

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mine rescue, and discloses a rescue drilling process for mine emergency management, which comprises the following specific steps: S1, early-stage preparation work: S1.1, data collection: comprehensively collecting regional geological data of a mine emergency rescue region; through drilling tool combination optimization, segmented deviation prevention measures and dynamic inclination measurement and deviation correction linkage, drilling track deviation is effectively controlled, construction delay or target area deviation caused by hole deviation is avoided, and by means of cooperative operation of an RMRS communicating probe and a while-drilling inclinometer in the magnetic steering orientation technology, an underground trapped area target area is accurately positioned and hit, so that the target area is accurately positioned and hit. It is ensured that the drill hole is rapidly communicated with the trapped roadway; the aperture of a rescue channel is guaranteed to reach the standard through standard reaming, the structural stability of the channel is enhanced through casing well cementation, and the drilling depth, the hole inclination, the casing sealing performance and the channel smoothness are comprehensively verified in the pore-forming acceptance inspection link, so that it is further ensured that the channel can safely bear life detection, oxygen and food conveying and follow-up personnel rescue tasks.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of mine rescue, and particularly relates to a rescue drilling process for mine emergency management. BACKGROUND

[0002] Mine system construction is one of important guarantee measures for mine safety production in China, is a scientific development concept of advocating "people-oriented", and many institutions and scientific researchers at home and abroad also invest a lot of efforts in in-depth research on key technologies and equipment in the mine field.

[0003] In the process of mine exploitation, disasters such as water inrush, roof fall and gas outburst frequently occur, which often leads to the blockage of underground roadway and the trapping of personnel, and the rapid construction of a precise rescue channel from the ground to the trapped area is the core requirement of mine emergency rescue, and the ground drilling rescue mode becomes a key means due to the advantage of directly penetrating through complex strata to reach the target area, and the rescue drilling process for mine emergency management as the core execution path of the mode directly determines the rescue efficiency and the survival probability of trapped personnel through the standardization of the overall process, the collaboration of each link and the final rescue adaptability, meanwhile, the geological conditions under the mine emergency rescue scene are complex and diverse, may involve different geological conditions such as unconsolidated strata, bedrock strata and soft-hard interface, and the drilling efficiency is required to be extremely high, and the rescue channel construction needs to be completed in the shortest time, which requires the rescue drilling process to fully consider the stratum adaptability, equipment collaboration and rescue adaptability to form a complete, scientific and actual demand matching technical system for the mine disaster accident, and provide reliable technical support for life rescue. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the defects of the prior art, the application provides a rescue drilling process for mine emergency management, which has the advantages of significantly improving the rescue efficiency and success rate.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the application provides the following technical scheme: a rescue drilling process for mine emergency management, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0006] S1, preliminary preparation

[0007] S1.1, data collection: comprehensively collect regional geological data, stratum lithology data, geological structure data and previous relevant drilling work data of the mine emergency rescue area, and determine the underground roadway depth, trend and trapped space position parameters of the rescue target area;

[0008] S1.2, Material preparation: prepare drilling fluid materials that meet performance requirements to ensure that they can form thin and tough mud skin, low sand content, high colloidal ratio and good stability; prepare drilling tools, including 311 mm drill bit 2, 216 mm drill bit 4, 178 mm drill bit 1, 275 mm outer diameter down-the-hole hammer 2, 203 mm outer diameter down-the-hole hammer 2, 152 mm outer diameter down-the-hole hammer 1, 127 mm drill pipe 1000 meters, 89 mm drill pipe 36 meters, 203 mm drill collar 6, 159 mm drill collar 2; prepare inclinometer equipment, including JJX-3 type digital inclinometer 2 sets, CX-6 type wireless gyro inclinometer 2 sets; prepare accident handling tools and cementing materials;

[0009] S1.3, Site preparation: level the drilling construction site, and the site bearing capacity should support the weight of the drilling rig and supporting equipment;

[0010] S2, Drilling equipment selection and installation

[0011] S2.1, Equipment selection: select water well 2000 type drilling rig 1, supporting LUY350-34 type air compressor 2, single displacement 35 cubic meters, according to the construction progress to increase to 4; supporting BW-1200 type mud pump 1 for grouting operation; supporting 300-500A type electric welder 1 for casing welding; supporting Haiblan QDT wireless while-drilling inclinometer 1 set, RMRS communication probe 1 set, including 172 mm strong magnetic head, cable winch, ground data processing equipment;

[0012] S2.2, Drilling rig installation: compact the soil under the machine base, ensure that the machine base is stable and has sufficient bearing capacity; install the drilling tower guy rope and ground anchor to enhance the stability of the drilling tower; adjust the drilling rig body and rotary table to the horizontal state to ensure that the crown block, rotary table and hole center are in a straight line; lower the hole mouth pipe into the hole to ensure that it is vertical and located at the center of the hole, and the surrounding hole mouth pipe is fixed with cement mortar, and subsequent operations are carried out after the cement mortar reaches the designed strength;

[0013] S3, Opening drilling and inclination control

[0014] S3.1, Opening operation: excavate to the complete bedrock stratum by manual excavation, clean the loose soil in the pit in time during the excavation to prevent collapse; after excavating to the bedrock, lower the 325 mm wall protection pipe, the wall protection pipe depth is determined according to the thickness of the surface loose stratum, and the bottom of the wall protection pipe enters the complete bedrock not less than 1 meter, then the surrounding wall protection pipe is backfilled and cemented with cement mortar, and the opening drilling starts after the cement slurry reaches the designed strength;

[0015] S3.2, Drilling assembly and parameter setting: the opening adopts a 216mm DTH drill bit, and the drilling assembly is 216mm DTH drill bit-8 inch impactor-8 inch drill collar (6 pieces, with 3 sets of centralizers)-2 pieces of 6 inch drill collar-127mm drill pipe-driving drill pipe;

[0016] S3.3, Execution of deviation prevention measures: light pressure and slow rotation operation is adopted during the opening drilling to ensure that the opening is vertical. The drilling tool and the centralizer are checked every 25 meters of drilling to see if the tooth part of the drill bit is worn more than the designed value or the diameter of the centralizer is reduced beyond the standard. If so, the drill bit or the centralizer is replaced in time. The drill pipe and the drill collar in the hole are checked piece by piece to ensure that there is no bending deformation, and the concentricity is ensured after the drilling tools are connected. The drilling pressure is strictly controlled during the drilling process to keep the pressure uniform. The reduced pressure drilling method is adopted to ensure that the neutral point position of the drill pipe is always at two-thirds of the drill collar, so that the drill pipe is in a tensile state. When the drilling reaches the soft and hard interface of the rock stratum, the drilling speed changes. At this time, the drilling pressure is reduced to one-half to one-third of the original drilling pressure, and the hole sweeping operation is repeatedly performed in this section. The hole sweeping frequency is not less than 3 times to ensure that the drilling hole is successfully discharged. The drilling and the discharge are synchronized. If it is found that the discharge is not smooth, the air volume or the pump volume is immediately increased, and the discharge time is extended to ensure that the thickness of the sediment at the bottom of the hole is not greater than 0.10 meters;

[0017] S4, Well deviation measurement and monitoring

[0018] S4.1, Inclinometer selection and use: JJX-3 type digital inclinometer is used for inclinometry in the 0-200 meter drilling depth section. The inclinometer is composed of a ground control unit and an inclinometer probe. The working environment temperature of the ground control unit is-10℃-50℃, and the relative humidity is not greater than 85%. The working environment temperature of the inclinometer probe is 0℃-75℃, and the bearing pressure is not greater than 15MPa. JJX-3 type digital inclinometer is still used in the 200-400 meter drilling depth section. CX-6 type wireless gyro inclinometer is used in the 400 meter to the final hole depth section.

[0019] S4.2, Inclinometry frequency and content: inclinometry is performed every 20 meters in the 0-200 meter depth section, every 30 meters in the 200-400 meter depth section, and every 50 meters in the 400 meter to the final hole depth section.

[0020] S4.3, Inclinometry data processing: after each inclinometry is completed, the inclinometry data is transmitted to the ground data processing equipment in time for analysis and calculation. The drilling hole axis graph is drawn to determine whether the drilling hole trajectory meets the design requirements. If it is found that the drilling hole top angle or the azimuth angle deviates from the designed value, the deviation reason is analyzed immediately, and the corresponding adjustment scheme is developed.

[0021] S5, Deviation correction process

[0022] S5.1, when the inclination data shows that the borehole top angle exceeds the design allowable value, or the azimuth angle deviates from the design trajectory, causing the borehole to be unable to hit the target area of the rescue target, immediately stop normal drilling and start the correction process;

[0023] S5.2, correction process monitoring and adjustment: use the self-weight inclination reduction method of small-diameter drilling tools to correct the inclination, measure the inclination every 10 meters of drilling, adjust the drilling parameters according to the inclination results, if the borehole top angle decreases slowly, appropriately reduce the drilling pressure, control the drilling pressure at 0.8-1.2 tons; if the borehole top angle decreases too fast, appropriately increase the drilling pressure, control the drilling pressure at 1.5-1.8 tons, and adjust the rotation speed at the same time, control the rotation speed at 25-40 rpm, to ensure the stable operation of the drilling tools; when the inclination data shows that the borehole top angle returns to the design allowable range, the hole inclination per hundred meters is not greater than 1%, stop the correction operation, replace the 216mm down-the-hole hammer bit, and continue drilling with the normal drilling assembly;

[0024] S6, magnetic guide directional drilling

[0025] S6.1, preparation of communication equipment: prepare 1 set of RMRS communication probe, 1 strong magnetic head of 172mm, 1 cable winch, 1 set of ground data processing equipment, and 1 set of Haolan QDT wireless while-drilling inclinometer, which is composed of ground equipment and downhole measuring instrument, the ground equipment includes pressure sensor, special data processing instrument, remote data processor, computer and connecting cable, the downhole measuring instrument includes directional probe, gamma probe, mud pulse generator, battery, centralizer and fishing head;

[0026] S6.2, pre-communication work: after the completion of the straight well drilling, the actual drilled well data is comprehensively analyzed; the target rock layer is expanded, and the 311mm drill bit is used to expand the hole, to ensure that the diameter of the target layer cave straight well section reaches more than 0.5 meters; install a valve at the straight well wellhead to ensure that the well can be closed in time after the communication is successful;

[0027] S6.3, communication drilling assembly and drilling: when the horizontal section construction distance is about 100 meters from the communication point, the drilling assembly is replaced, the specific assembly is 215.9mm drill bit-172mm strong magnetic joint-172mm(1.5° single bend) screw-172mm directional joint-172mm non-magnetic drill collar 10 meters(inbuilt MWD equipment)-127mm drill rod-127mm heavy drill rod; during the drilling process, the RMRS communication probe is used to accurately judge the interface between the steel casing and the non-steel casing, the RMRS communication instrument is lowered to the casing shoe near the straight well, the accurate position of the casing shoe is measured, and the placement position of the RMRS communication instrument is calculated according to the position, and the communication instrument is placed at the best communication position as the target point;

[0028] S6.4, through process control: when the communication operation is in progress, the communication engineer calculates the communication at the straight well side, the directional well engineer controls the drilling trajectory drilling at the horizontal well site, the directional well engineer predicts the bottom hole data in real time, and transmits the data to the communication engineer, the communication engineer calculates the deviation value of the inclination and azimuth according to the data, and then feeds back the deviation value to the directional well engineer, the directional well engineer adjusts the drilling parameters according to the deviation value, controls the drilling trajectory to approach the target point, as the distance between the two wells gradually decreases, the communication instrument calculation accuracy is continuously improved, the data reliability is enhanced, and finally the straight well and the directional well are connected;

[0029] S7, reaming and casing running

[0030] S7.1, reaming operation: when the borehole is drilled to about 10 meters away from the roadway of the trapped area in the well, the drilling is stopped, the punching and deslagging operation is carried out, then the 311 mm down-the-hole hammer drill bit is replaced, the drilling assembly is 311 mm down-the-hole hammer drill bit-12 inch impactor-8 inch drill collar (6 pieces, plus 3 sets of centralizers)-6 inch drill collar-127 mm drill rod-active drill rod, the reaming operation is carried out, and the reaming is carried out to completely penetrate the roadway in the well, so as to ensure that the hole diameter after reaming meets the requirements of the rescue passage;

[0031] S7.2, casing running and cementing: after the reaming is completed, the 219 mm x 10 mm oil casing is started to run, the casing is connected by threads, and special sealing grease is applied at the thread connection to ensure good sealing performance; the mechanical make-up method is used to fasten the casing thread, and the casing connection part is welded after make-up to prevent the casing from being unfastened; after the casing is run in, cementing operation is carried out, cement slurry is used for cementing, and after the cement slurry reaches the designed strength, the borehole quality detection is carried out;

[0032] S8, hole acceptance and rescue passage confirmation

[0033] S8.1, hole quality detection: the drilling depth is detected by using a measuring rope to ensure that the drilling depth reaches the designed rescue depth, and the error is not greater than 0.5 meters; the hole diameter is detected by using a hole diameter instrument, and the hole diameter at different depth sections needs to meet the design requirements, wherein the final hole diameter is not less than 311 mm; the hole inclination is detected by using a CX-6 type wireless gyroscopic inclinometer to incline the whole hole section, so as to ensure that the final hole inclination is not greater than 1% per hundred meters, and the final hole offset distance is not greater than 0.92 meters; the casing installation quality is detected, the sealing performance and firmness of the casing connection part are checked, the pressure test is carried out, the test pressure is 1.2 times of the cementing pressure, the pressure is stabilized for 30 minutes, and the pressure drop is not greater than 0.5 MPa;

[0034] S8.2, rescue channel confirmation: through the borehole downhole life detection equipment, detect if there is life signs in the trapped area, at the same time confirm whether the borehole and the trapped area roadway are completely through, if the borehole and the roadway are well connected, clean up the residual cement slurry, rock debris and other impurities in the borehole, adopt compressed air blowing, blowing time is not less than 30 minutes, ensure the rescue channel unobstructed, then through the borehole to the downhole trapped area to transport oxygen, food and drinking water, test the delivery system is normal, for the subsequent personnel rescue to do a good job.

[0035] Preferably, the pH value of the drilling fluid in step one needs to be controlled at 8-9, the sand content needs to be less than 1%, the colloid rate needs to reach the level of ensuring good dispersibility of clay in the mud, and the stability needs to meet the solid particle suspension requirements.

[0036] Preferably, the machine table wood specification in step two needs to be 3200x800x300mm, the angle between the rope and the ground needs to be controlled at 45 degrees, and the ground anchor needs to be buried more than 1 meter and needs to be poured with cement.

[0037] Preferably, the drilling assembly and parameter setting in step three need to control the opening drilling pressure at 1-2 tons, the rotation speed at 30-50 revolutions per minute, the air volume at 70 cubic meters per minute at the depth of 0-400 meters, the air volume at 105 cubic meters per minute at the depth of 400-600 meters, and the air volume at 140 cubic meters per minute at the depth of 600 meters to the final hole depth.

[0038] Preferably, the anti-inclination measure is executed in step three, the upper 100 meters of the borehole section needs to be measured once every 10-20 meters, the lower borehole section needs to be measured once every 30-40 meters, the drilling machine needs to be stopped every 25 meters to check the wear of the drill bit and the centralizer, and the hole bottom sediment thickness needs to be not more than 0.10 meters.

[0039] Preferably, the inclination frequency and content in step four, if the well inclination data exceeds the requirement of 1% per 100 meters, the inclination frequency is increased, and the inclination is measured once every 10 meters. The inclination content includes the borehole top angle and the azimuth angle. The JJX-3 type digital inclination instrument has a top angle measurement range of 0° to 50° and a measurement accuracy of ±0.2°. The azimuth angle measurement range is 0° to 360°. When the top angle is 1 to 3°, the azimuth angle measurement accuracy is ±5°. When the top angle is 3° to 50°, the azimuth angle measurement accuracy is ±3°. The CX-6 type wireless gyro inclination instrument has a top angle measurement range of 0° to ±60° and a measurement accuracy of ±0.1°. The azimuth angle measurement range is 0° to 360°, and the measurement accuracy is ±2°.

[0040] Preferably, the small-diameter drilling tool self-weight deviation method in step five needs to use a 178mm DTH drill bit, and the drilling tool assembly is 178mm DTH drill bit-6inch hammer-89mm drill rod-159mm drill collar-127mm drill rod-active drill rod. During drilling, the upper part of the drilling tool is located at the center of the borehole by using the gasket function of the centralizer, and the lower part of the small-diameter drilling tool is bent downward under the action of gravity, so that the 178mm DTH drill bit forms an angle with the center line of the original borehole, and a correction force is generated on the drill bit, forcing the borehole to sag, thereby reducing the borehole top angle.

[0041] Preferably, after the straight well drilling in step six is completed, the coordinates of the straight well and the directional well need to be re-measured, high-precision measuring instruments are used to ensure that the coordinate error is not greater than 0.1 meters, and before the directional deviation is made, multiple point inclinometers are used to measure the straight well section of the horizontal well, and the borehole profile is re-corrected according to the multi-point inclinometer data to reduce the system error.

[0042] Preferably, the hole deslagging operation in step seven uses a large amount of air to punch holes, and the punching time is not less than 20 minutes to ensure that the cuttings in the hole are fully discharged, and the thickness of the sediment at the bottom of the hole is not greater than 0.05 meters.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0044] By optimizing the drilling tool assembly, segmenting the deviation prevention measures, and dynamically measuring and correcting the deviation, the deviation of the drilling trajectory is effectively controlled, the construction delay or target area deviation caused by hole deviation is avoided, and by means of the cooperative operation of the RMRS connecting probe and the while-drilling inclinometer in the magnetic guide directional technology, the target area of the trapped area underground is accurately positioned and hit, and the drilling and the trapped roadway are quickly connected; by standardizing the hole expansion, the rescue passage diameter is guaranteed to meet the standard, the casing is cemented to strengthen the stability of the passage structure, and the overall verification of the drilling depth, hole deviation, casing sealing performance and passage smoothness in the hole acceptance link further ensures that the passage can safely bear the life detection, oxygen and food transportation and subsequent personnel rescue tasks, and the overall process can quickly build a reliable rescue passage in the mine disaster emergency scene with a systematic and accurate technical path, significantly improving the rescue efficiency and success rate, and providing key support for protecting the life safety of the trapped personnel underground. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments in the present application belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0046] The embodiment of the present application provides a rescue drilling process for mine emergency management, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0047] S1, preliminary preparation

[0048] S1.1, data collection: comprehensively collect regional geological data, stratum lithology data, geological structure data and previous relevant drilling work data of the mine emergency rescue area, and clearly define the underground roadway depth, strike and trapped space location parameters of the rescue target area;

[0049] S1.2, material preparation: prepare drilling fluid materials that meet performance requirements to ensure that they can form thin and tough mud skin, have low sand content, high colloid rate and good stability; prepare drilling tools, including 2 311 mm drill bits, 4 216 mm drill bits, 1 178 mm drill bit, 2 275 mm outer diameter down-the-hole hammers, 2 203 mm outer diameter down-the-hole hammers, 1 152 mm outer diameter down-the-hole hammer, 1000 meters of 127 mm drill pipe, 36 meters of 89 mm drill pipe, 6 203 mm drill collars, and 2 159 mm drill collars; prepare inclinometer equipment, including 2 sets of JJX-3 digital inclinometers and 2 sets of CX-6 wireless gyro inclinometers; prepare accident handling tools and cementing materials;

[0050] S1.3, site preparation: level the drilling construction site, and the site bearing capacity needs to support the weight of the drilling rig and supporting equipment;

[0051] S2, drilling equipment selection and installation

[0052] S2.1, equipment selection: select 1 water well 2000 type drilling rig, 2 LUY350-34 type air compressors with a single displacement of 35 cubic meters, which will be increased to 4 according to the construction progress; 1 BW-1200 type mud pump for grouting operation; 1 300-500A type electric welder for casing welding; 1 set of Haiblan QDT wireless while-drilling inclinometer and 1 set of RMRS communication probe, including 172 mm strong magnetic head, cable winch and ground data processing equipment;

[0053] S2.2, drilling rig installation: compact the soil under the machine base, ensure that the machine base is stable and has sufficient bearing capacity; install the drilling tower guy rope and fix the ground anchor to enhance the stability of the drilling tower; adjust the drilling rig body and the turntable to the horizontal state to ensure that the crown block, turntable and hole center are in a straight line; lower the hole mouth pipe into the hole to ensure that it is vertical and located at the center of the borehole, and the hole mouth pipe is fixed with cement mortar around it, and subsequent operations are carried out after the cement mortar reaches the designed strength;

[0054] S3, hole opening drilling and inclination control

[0055] S3.1, hole opening operation: adopt artificial excavation method to excavate to complete bedrock stratum, clean the loose soil in the pit in time during the excavation process to prevent collapse; after excavating to the bedrock, lower 325mm wall protection pipe, the wall protection pipe is lowered to a depth determined according to the thickness of the surface loose stratum, and the bottom of the wall protection pipe is ensured to enter the complete bedrock not less than 1 meter, and then the wall protection pipe is backfilled and cemented with cement mortar, and the hole is drilled after the cement mortar reaches the designed strength;

[0056] S3.2, drilling assembly and parameter setting: 216mm down-the-hole hammer drill bit is used for hole opening, and the drilling assembly is 216mm down-the-hole hammer drill bit-8 inch impactor-8 inch drill collar (6 pieces, plus 3 sets of centralizers)-2 pieces of 6 inch drill collar-127mm drill pipe-main drill pipe;

[0057] S3.3, measure execution: light pressure and slow rotation operation is adopted during hole opening drilling to ensure vertical hole opening, and the drilling bit and centralizer wear condition is checked every 25 meters of drilling, and if the drilling bit tooth wear exceeds the design value or the centralizer diameter decreases beyond the standard, the drilling bit or centralizer is replaced in time; the drill pipe and drill collar lowered into the hole need to be checked piece by piece to ensure no bending deformation, and the concentricity is ensured after the drilling tools are connected; the drilling pressure is strictly controlled during drilling to keep the pressure uniform, and the reduced pressure drilling method is adopted to ensure that the neutral point position of the drill pipe is always at two-thirds of the drill collar, so that the drill pipe is in a stretched state; when drilling to the soft and hard interface of the rock stratum, the drilling speed changes, at this time the drilling pressure is reduced to one-half to one-third of the original drilling pressure, and the hole is repeatedly swept at this section, the sweeping frequency is not less than 3 times, the drilling and deslagging are synchronized, if the deslagging is not smooth, the air volume or pump capacity is immediately increased, the deslagging time is extended, and the hole bottom sediment thickness is ensured to be not greater than 0.10 meters;

[0058] S4, well deviation measurement and monitoring

[0059] S4.1, selection and use of inclinometer: JJX-3 type digital inclinometer is used for inclinometer at 0-200 meters of drilling depth, the inclinometer is composed of a ground control unit and an inclinometer probe, the ground control unit has a working environment temperature of-10℃-50℃, a relative humidity of not more than 85%, the inclinometer probe has a working environment temperature of 0℃-75℃, and a pressure bearing of not more than 15MPa; JJX-3 type digital inclinometer is still used at 200-400 meters of drilling depth, and CX-6 type wireless gyro inclinometer is used at 400 meters to the final hole depth;

[0060] S4.2, inclinometer frequency and content: inclinometer is performed every 20 meters at 0-200 meters of depth, every 30 meters at 200-400 meters of depth, and every 50 meters at 400 meters to the final hole depth;

[0061] S4.3 Inclination data processing: After each inclination measurement is completed, the inclination data is transmitted to the ground data processing equipment in a timely manner. The data is analyzed and calculated, the borehole axis diagram is drawn, and it is determined whether the borehole trajectory meets the design requirements. If the borehole apex angle or azimuth angle is found to deviate from the design value, the cause of the deviation is analyzed immediately and a corresponding adjustment plan is formulated.

[0062] S5, Skewing Correction Process

[0063] S5.1 Judgment of the timing of deviation correction: When the survey data shows that the borehole apex angle exceeds the design allowable value, or the azimuth angle deviates from the design trajectory, causing the borehole to be unable to hit the rescue target area, stop normal drilling immediately and start the deviation correction process.

[0064] S5.2 Monitoring and Adjustment of the Orientation Correction Process: The orientation correction is carried out using the self-weight reduction method of small-diameter drill bits. An inclination measurement is performed every 10 meters of drilling. Based on the measurement results, the drilling parameters are adjusted. If the borehole apex angle decreases slowly, the drilling pressure is appropriately reduced, and the drilling pressure is controlled between 0.8 and 1.2 tons. If the borehole apex angle decreases too quickly, the drilling pressure is appropriately increased, and the drilling pressure is controlled between 1.5 and 1.8 tons. At the same time, the rotation speed is adjusted, and the rotation speed is controlled between 25 and 40 rpm to ensure stable operation of the drill bit. When the inclination measurement data shows that the borehole apex angle has returned to the design allowable range and the final borehole inclination is no more than 1% per 100 meters, the orientation correction operation is stopped, the 216mm down-the-hole hammer drill bit is replaced, and the normal drill bit combination is restored to continue drilling.

[0065] S6, Magnetic Guided Directional Drilling

[0066] S6.1 Preparation of Connectivity Equipment: Prepare one set of RMRS connectivity probe, one 172mm high-power magnetic head, one cable winch, one set of surface data processing equipment, and one set of Hailan QDT wireless drilling survey instrument. The survey instrument consists of surface equipment and downhole measuring instruments. The surface equipment includes a pressure sensor, a dedicated data processor, a remote data processor, a computer, and connecting cables. The downhole measuring instruments include a directional probe, a gamma probe, a mud pulse generator, a battery, a centralizer, and a retrieval head.

[0067] S6.2 Pre-connection work: After the vertical well drilling is completed, a comprehensive analysis of the actual drilling data is carried out; the target rock formation is enlarged using a 311mm drill bit to ensure that the diameter of the vertical well section of the target formation cave reaches more than 0.5 meters; a valve is installed at the wellhead to ensure that the well can be shut off in time after successful connection.

[0068] S6.3, connecting the drilling assembly and drilling: when the horizontal section construction distance is about 100 meters from the connection point 100, the drilling is changed to connect the drilling assembly, and the specific combination is 215.9mm drill bit-172mm strong magnetic connector-172mm (1.5° single bend) screw-172mm directional connector-172mm non-magnetic drill collar 10 meters (with MWD equipment inside)-127mm drill rod-127mm weighted drill rod; during drilling, the RMRS connecting probe is used to accurately determine the interface between the steel casing and the non-steel casing, the RMRS connecting instrument is lowered into the casing shoe near the straight well, the accurate position of the casing shoe is measured, and the placement position of the RMRS connecting instrument is calculated according to the position, and the connecting instrument is placed at the best connecting position as the target point;

[0069] S6.4, connecting process control: during the connecting operation, the connecting engineer calculates the connection on the straight well side, the directional well engineer controls the drilling trajectory drilling in the horizontal well field, the directional well engineer predicts the bottom hole data in real time, and transmits the data to the connecting engineer, the connecting engineer calculates the deviation value of the inclination and azimuth according to the data, and then feeds back the deviation value to the directional well engineer, the directional well engineer adjusts the drilling parameters according to the deviation value, controls the drilling trajectory to approach the target point, as the distance between the two wells gradually decreases, the connecting instrument calculation accuracy is continuously improved, the data reliability is enhanced, and finally the straight well and the directional well are connected;

[0070] S7, reaming and casing running

[0071] S7.1, reaming operation: when the borehole is drilled to about 10 meters from the roadway of the trapped area in the well, the drilling is stopped, the hole flushing and deslagging operation is carried out, then the 311mm down-the-hole hammer drill bit is changed, the drilling assembly is 311mm down-the-hole hammer drill bit-12 inch impactor-8 inch drill collar (6 pieces, with 3 sets of centralizers)-6 inch drill collar-127mm drill rod-active drill rod, reaming operation is carried out, and the reaming is carried out to completely penetrate the roadway in the well, and ensure that the reaming hole diameter meets the rescue channel requirements;

[0072] S7.2, casing running and cementing: after reaming, 219mmx10mm oil casing is run in, the casing is connected by thread, and special sealing grease is applied at the thread during connection to ensure good sealing performance; the casing thread is fastened by mechanical make-up, and the casing connection part is welded after make-up to prevent the casing from being unthreaded; after the casing is run in, cementing operation is carried out, cement slurry is used for cementing, and after the cement slurry reaches the designed strength, the borehole quality is detected;

[0073] S8, acceptance of completed hole and confirmation of rescue channel

[0074] S8.1, pore-forming quality detection: detect the drilling depth, use measuring rope to measure, ensure that the drilling depth reaches the designed rescue depth, the error is not more than 0.5 meters; detect the drilling diameter, use a hole diameter instrument to measure, the hole diameter at different depth sections needs to meet the design requirements, among which the final hole diameter is not less than 311 mm; detect the drilling hole inclination, use a CX-6 type wireless gyroscopic inclinometer to measure the whole hole section, ensure that the final hole inclination is not more than 1% per hundred meters, and the final hole offset distance is not more than 0.92 meters; detect the casing installation quality, check the sealing and firmness of the casing connection part, use pressure test, the test pressure is 1.2 times of the cementing pressure, the pressure is stable for 30 minutes, and the pressure drop is not more than 0.5 MPa;

[0075] S8.2, rescue passage confirmation: through the drilling of life detection equipment, detect whether there is life sign in the trapped area underground, and confirm whether the drilling and the trapped area roadway are completely connected, if the drilling and the roadway are well connected, clean up the drilling residual cement slurry, rock debris and other impurities, use compressed air to blow for not less than 30 minutes, ensure that the rescue passage is unobstructed, then transport oxygen, food and drinking water to the trapped area underground through the drilling, test whether the transportation system is normal, and prepare for subsequent personnel rescue.

[0076] Through the whole process design of covering the previous preparation, drilling equipment adaptation selection, hole drilling and inclination control, well inclination measurement and monitoring, targeted inclination correction, magnetic guide directional drilling, expansion casing lowering to pore-forming acceptance and rescue passage confirmation, the urgent and precise needs of mine emergency rescue are highly adapted, relying on scientific segmented control and technical cooperation, efficient construction and reliable application of rescue passage are realized.

[0077] Among them, the pH value of the drilling fluid in step one needs to be controlled at 8-9, the sand content needs to be less than 1%, and the colloidal rate needs to reach a level that ensures good dispersibility of clay in the mud, and the stability needs to meet the suspended solid particle requirements.

[0078] The drilling fluid pH value is controlled at 8-9, the sand content is less than 1%, and the colloidal rate and stability are guaranteed, which can accurately optimize the performance of the drilling fluid, and the reasonable pH value can avoid H + High concentration reduces the dispersibility and hydration of clay, maintains the colloidal rate of mud, and low sand content reduces the wear and tear on mud pump parts, prolonging equipment life.

[0079] Among them, the machine wood specification in step two needs to be 3200*800*300mm, the angle between the rope and the ground needs to be controlled at 45 degrees, and the anchor depth needs to be greater than 1 meter and needs to be cemented.

[0080] The reinforcement design of the rope angle and the anchor can enhance the wind load and vibration resistance of the drilling tower, preventing the drilling tower from falling down.

[0081] In step three, the drilling assembly and the parameter setting in the opening drilling need to be controlled at 1-2 tons of drilling pressure and 30-50 revolutions per minute of rotation speed, the air flow needs to be controlled at 70 cubic meters per minute in the 0-400 meter depth section, 105 cubic meters per minute in the 400-600 meter depth section, and 140 cubic meters per minute in the 600 meter to the final hole depth section.

[0082] The air flow is gradually increased with the increase of the drilling depth, which can match the different depth of the residue discharge demand, ensure that the hole bottom debris is discharged in time, and prevent the debris deposition from causing the sticking and burying accidents.

[0083] In step three, the deviation prevention measures are implemented, the upper 100 meter drilling section needs to be measured once every 10-20 meters, the lower drilling section needs to be measured once every 30-40 meters, the drilling machine needs to be stopped every 25 meters to check the wear of the drill bit and the centralizer, and the hole bottom sediment thickness needs to be not more than 0.10 meters.

[0084] The encryption inclination in the upper inclined section can discover the hole inclination as early as possible and be processed in time to avoid the expansion of the deviation.

[0085] In step four, the inclination frequency and content, if the inclination data exceeds the requirement of 1% per 100 meters, the encryption inclination frequency is once every 10 meters, the inclination content includes the drilling top angle and the azimuth angle, the JJX-3 type digital inclination instrument has a top angle measurement range of 0° to 50° and a measurement accuracy of ±0.2°, the azimuth angle measurement range is 0° to 360°, when the top angle is 1 to 3°, the azimuth angle measurement accuracy is ±5°, and when the top angle is 3° to 50°, the azimuth angle measurement accuracy is ±3°; the CX-6 type wireless gyro inclination instrument has a top angle measurement range of 0° to ±60° and a measurement accuracy of ±0.1°, and the azimuth angle measurement range is 0° to 360° with a measurement accuracy of ±2°.

[0086] The JJX-3 is used for the medium and shallow hole, and the high-precision CX-6 is used for the deep hole, which ensures the accuracy and reliability of the inclination data, provides a scientific basis for judging whether the drilling trajectory meets the design and developing the targeted deviation correction scheme, and significantly improves the drilling trajectory control accuracy.

[0087] In step five, the small-diameter drilling tool self-weight deviation reduction method, the 178mm down-the-hole hammer drill bit is used, the drilling assembly is 178mm down-the-hole hammer drill bit-6 inch impactor-89mm drill rod-159mm drill collar-127mm drill rod-active drill rod, in the drilling process, the upper part of the drilling tool is located in the center of the drilling hole by using the gasket of the upper centralizer, the lower small-diameter drilling tool is bent downward under the action of the self-weight, the 178mm down-the-hole hammer drill bit forms an angle with the original drilling center line, a correction force is generated on the drill bit, and the drilling hole is forced to sag, so as to reduce the drilling top angle.

[0088] This combination perfectly matches the technical principle of the small-diameter drill string self-weight deflection method. It requires no complicated equipment, is easy to operate, and can simultaneously correct the deviation during drilling, reducing the time cost of separate deviation correction.

[0089] In step six, after the vertical well drilling is completed, the coordinates of the vertical well and the directional well need to be re-measured. High-precision measuring instruments are used to ensure that the coordinate error is no more than 0.1 meters. Before directional drilling, multiple inclination measurements are performed on the vertical section of the horizontal well. The borehole profile is then corrected based on the inclination measurement data to reduce systematic errors.

[0090] High-precision coordinate re-measurement can ensure that vertical wells and directional wells are in the same coordinate system, avoiding target-hitting errors caused by coordinate deviations.

[0091] In step seven, the slag removal operation involves using a large air volume for percussion, with a percussion time of no less than 20 minutes, to ensure that the rock cuttings inside the hole are fully discharged and that the thickness of the sediment at the bottom of the hole is no more than 0.05 meters.

[0092] Prolonged drilling can completely remove rock cuttings from the hole, preventing residual rock cuttings from affecting the efficiency and quality of subsequent hole enlargement operations, and reducing the risk of stuck drill bits or buried drill bits during the hole enlargement process.

[0093] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0094] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rescue drilling technology for mine emergency management, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: S1. Preliminary Preparations S1.1 Data Collection: Comprehensively collect regional geological data, stratigraphic lithology data, geological structure data, and previous relevant drilling data of the mine emergency rescue area to clarify the depth, orientation, and spatial location parameters of the underground roadways in the rescue target area; S1.2 Material Preparation: Prepare drilling fluid materials that meet performance requirements, ensuring they can form a thin and tough mud cake with low sand content, high colloid content, and good stability; prepare drilling tools, including 2 x 311mm drill bits, 4 x 216mm drill bits, 1 x 178mm drill bit, 2 x 275mm outer diameter down-the-hole hammers, 2 x 203mm outer diameter down-the-hole hammers, 1 x 152mm outer diameter down-the-hole hammer, 1000 meters of 127mm drill pipe, 36 meters of 89mm drill pipe, 6 x 203mm drill collars, and 2 x 159mm drill collars; prepare surveying equipment, including 2 sets of JJX-3 digital surveying instruments and 2 sets of CX-6 wireless gyroscope surveying instruments; prepare accident handling tools and cementing materials; S1.3 Site preparation: The drilling site shall be leveled and the site bearing capacity shall be sufficient to support the weight of the drilling rig and its supporting equipment. S2. Drilling Equipment Selection and Installation S2.1 Equipment Selection: Select one 2000-type water well drilling rig, equipped with two LUY350-34 air compressors, each with a displacement of 35 cubic meters, to be gradually increased to four units according to the construction progress; one BW-1200 mud pump for grouting operations; one 300-500A electric welding machine for casing welding; one set of Hailan QDT wireless drilling survey instrument, one set of RMRS connecting probe, including a 172mm high-power magnetic head, cable winch, and ground data processing equipment; S2.2 Drilling Rig Installation: Compact the soil beneath the rig platform to ensure it is stable and has sufficient load-bearing capacity; install the rig tension ropes and secure the ground anchors to enhance rig stability; adjust the rig body and turntable to a horizontal position, ensuring the rig, turntable, and borehole center are aligned; lower the borehole pipe into the hole, ensuring it is vertical and centered on the borehole, and fix the borehole pipe around its perimeter with cement mortar. Further operations will only proceed after the cement mortar has reached its designed strength. S3. Hole drilling and anti-deviation control S3.1 Drilling Operation: Excavate to the complete bedrock stratum using manual excavation. During the excavation process, promptly remove loose soil from the pit to prevent collapse. After excavating to the bedrock, lower a 325mm retaining pipe. The depth of the retaining pipe is determined based on the thickness of the loose surface stratum, ensuring that the bottom of the retaining pipe penetrates at least 1 meter into the complete bedrock. Then, backfill and solidify the area around the retaining pipe with cement mortar. Once the cement mortar reaches the designed strength, start drilling. S3.2 Drill string assembly and parameter settings: The drilling tool uses a 216mm down-the-hole hammer drill bit. The drill string assembly is as follows: 216mm down-the-hole hammer drill bit - 8-inch impactor - 8-inch drill collars (6 pieces, with 3 sets of stabilizers) - 2 6-inch drill collars - 127mm drill rod - active drill rod; S3.3, Anti-deviation measures: During drilling, use light pressure and slow rotation to ensure the hole is vertical. Stop drilling every 25 meters to check the wear of the drill bit and stabilizer. If the wear of the drill bit teeth exceeds the design value or the diameter of the stabilizer is reduced beyond the standard, replace the drill bit or stabilizer in time. The drill rod and drill collar lowered into the hole must be checked one by one to ensure that there is no bending or deformation. After the drill tools are connected, ensure concentricity. During the drilling process, strictly control the drilling pressure and keep the pressure uniform. Use the depressurization drilling method to ensure that the neutral point of the drill rod is always at the upper two-thirds of the drill collar, so that the drill rod is in a tensile state. When drilling to the interface between soft and hard rock strata, the drilling speed changes. At this time, reduce the drilling pressure to one-half to one-third of the original drilling pressure, and repeatedly perform hole sweeping operations in this section, with no less than 3 sweeping operations, to ensure smooth slag removal. The drilling speed and slag removal are carried out simultaneously. If slag removal is not smooth, immediately increase the air volume or pump volume and extend the slag removal time to ensure that the thickness of the sediment at the bottom of the hole is no more than 0.10 meters. S4, Well Inclination Measurement and Monitoring S4.1 Selection and Use of Inclinometer Equipment: For borehole depths of 0-200 meters, the JJX-3 digital inclinometer is used. This inclinometer consists of a ground control unit and an inclinometer probe. The ground control unit operates in an ambient temperature range of -10℃ to 50℃ with a relative humidity not exceeding 85%. The inclinometer probe operates in an ambient temperature range of 0℃ to 75℃ with a pressure not exceeding 15MPa. For borehole depths of 200-400 meters, the JJX-3 digital inclinometer is still used. From 400 meters to the final borehole depth, the CX-6 wireless gyroscope inclinometer is used. S4.

2. Inclination frequency and content: Inclination shall be conducted every 20 meters in the 0-200 meter depth range, every 30 meters in the 200-400 meter depth range, and every 50 meters from 400 meters to the final hole depth. S4.3 Inclination data processing: After each inclination measurement is completed, the inclination data is transmitted to the ground data processing equipment in a timely manner. The data is analyzed and calculated, the borehole axis diagram is drawn, and it is determined whether the borehole trajectory meets the design requirements. If the borehole apex angle or azimuth angle is found to deviate from the design value, the cause of the deviation is analyzed immediately and a corresponding adjustment plan is formulated. S5, Skewing Correction Process S5.1 Judgment of the timing of deviation correction: When the survey data shows that the borehole apex angle exceeds the design allowable value, or the azimuth angle deviates from the design trajectory, causing the borehole to be unable to hit the rescue target area, stop normal drilling immediately and start the deviation correction process. S5.2 Monitoring and Adjustment of the Orientation Correction Process: The orientation correction is carried out using the self-weight reduction method of small-diameter drill bits. An inclination measurement is performed every 10 meters of drilling. Based on the measurement results, the drilling parameters are adjusted. If the borehole apex angle decreases slowly, the drilling pressure is appropriately reduced, and the drilling pressure is controlled between 0.8 and 1.2 tons. If the borehole apex angle decreases too quickly, the drilling pressure is appropriately increased, and the drilling pressure is controlled between 1.5 and 1.8 tons. At the same time, the rotation speed is adjusted, and the rotation speed is controlled between 25 and 40 rpm to ensure stable operation of the drill bit. When the inclination measurement data shows that the borehole apex angle has returned to the design allowable range and the final borehole inclination is no more than 1% per 100 meters, the orientation correction operation is stopped, the 216mm down-the-hole hammer drill bit is replaced, and the normal drill bit combination is restored to continue drilling. S6, Magnetic Guided Directional Drilling S6.1 Preparation of Connectivity Equipment: Prepare one set of RMRS connectivity probe, one 172mm high-power magnetic head, one cable winch, one set of surface data processing equipment, and one set of Hailan QDT wireless drilling survey instrument. The survey instrument consists of surface equipment and downhole measuring instruments. The surface equipment includes a pressure sensor, a dedicated data processor, a remote data processor, a computer, and connecting cables. The downhole measuring instruments include a directional probe, a gamma probe, a mud pulse generator, a battery, a centralizer, and a retrieval head. S6.2 Pre-connection work: After the vertical well drilling is completed, a comprehensive analysis of the actual drilling data is carried out; the target rock formation is enlarged using a 311mm drill bit to ensure that the diameter of the vertical well section of the target formation cave reaches more than 0.5 meters; a valve is installed at the wellhead to ensure that the well can be shut off in time after successful connection. S6.3 Connecting Drill String Assembly and Drilling: When the horizontal section is about 100 meters away from the connection point, the connecting drill string assembly is changed during tripping. The specific assembly is as follows: 215.9mm drill bit - 172mm strong magnetic connector - 172mm (1.5° single bend) screw - 172mm directional connector - 10m 172mm non-magnetic drill collar (with built-in MWD equipment) - 127mm drill pipe - 127mm heavy-duty drill pipe. During drilling, the RMRS connecting probe is used to accurately determine the interface between the steel casing and the non-steel casing. The RMRS connecting instrument is lowered into the vertical well to the vicinity of the casing shoe. The accurate position of the casing shoe is measured. Based on this position, the placement position of the RMRS connecting instrument is calculated. The connecting instrument is placed in the optimal connection position as the target point. S6.4 Connectivity Process Control: During connectivity operations, the connectivity engineer performs connectivity calculations on the vertical well side, while the directional well engineer controls the drilling trajectory on the horizontal well site. The directional well engineer predicts bottom hole data in real time and transmits the data to the connectivity engineer. The connectivity engineer calculates the deviation values ​​of well inclination and azimuth based on the data and then feeds the deviation values ​​back to the directional well engineer. The directional well engineer adjusts the drilling parameters based on the deviation values ​​and controls the drilling trajectory to approach the target point. As the distance between the two wells gradually decreases, the accuracy of the connectivity instrument calculations continuously improves, and the reliability of the data is enhanced until the borehole accurately hits the target point, thus achieving connectivity between the vertical and directional wells. S7. Enlarging and casing installation S7.1 Reaming Operation: When the borehole reaches about 10 meters from the trapped area in the underground roadway, stop drilling and perform flushing and slag removal operations. Then, pull out the drill bit and replace it with a 311mm down-the-hole hammer drill bit. The drill string assembly is 311mm down-the-hole hammer drill bit - 12-inch impactor - 8-inch drill collars (6 pieces, with 3 sets of centralizers) - 6-inch drill collars - 127mm drill rod - active drill rod. Perform reaming operation until the borehole is fully connected to the underground roadway, ensuring that the diameter of the borehole after reaming meets the requirements of the rescue passage. S7.2 Casing Installation and Cementing: After the borehole is enlarged, 219mm×10mm oil casing is installed. The casing is connected by threads. Special sealant is applied to the threads during connection to ensure good sealing performance. The casing threads are tightened mechanically. After tightening, the casing connection is welded to prevent the casing from coming off. After the casing is installed, cementing is carried out using cement slurry. After the cement slurry reaches the design strength, the borehole quality is inspected. S8. Hole Formation Acceptance and Rescue Access Confirmation S8.1 Hole Formation Quality Inspection: The drilling depth is inspected using a measuring rope to ensure it reaches the designed rescue depth with an error not exceeding 0.5 meters. The borehole diameter is inspected using a borehole gauge; the diameter at different depths must meet design requirements, with the final borehole diameter not less than 311 mm. The borehole inclination is inspected using a CX-6 wireless gyroscope inclination meter to measure the inclination throughout the entire borehole, ensuring the final borehole inclination is not greater than 1% per 100 meters and the final borehole offset is not greater than 0.92 meters. The casing installation quality is inspected, checking the sealing and firmness of the casing connections using a pressure test at 1.2 times the cementing pressure, held for 30 minutes, with a pressure drop not exceeding 0.5 MPa. S8.2 Rescue Channel Confirmation: Life detection equipment is lowered into the borehole to check for signs of life in the trapped area. Simultaneously, it is confirmed that the borehole and the roadway in the trapped area are fully connected. If the borehole and roadway are well connected, residual cement slurry, rock cuttings, and other impurities are removed from the borehole. Compressed air is used for purging for at least 30 minutes to ensure the rescue channel is unobstructed. Then, oxygen, food, and drinking water are delivered to the trapped area through the borehole. The delivery system is tested for proper functioning to prepare for subsequent personnel rescue.

2. The rescue drilling technology for mine emergency management according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling fluid pH value in step one needs to be controlled between 8 and 9, the sand content needs to be less than 1%, the colloid ratio needs to be high enough to ensure good dispersion of clay in the mud, and the stability needs to meet the requirements for solid particle suspension.

3. The rescue drilling technology for mine emergency management according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dimensions of the wooden platform mentioned in step two must be 3200×800×300mm, the angle between the tension rope and the ground must be controlled at 45 degrees, the ground anchor must be buried at a depth of more than 1 meter and must be reinforced with cement.

4. The rescue drilling technology for mine emergency management according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the drilling pressure during the initial drilling operation should be controlled at 1-2 tons, the rotation speed at 30-50 rpm, the air volume at 70 cubic meters per minute for the 0-400 meter depth range, the air volume at 105 cubic meters per minute for the 400-600 meter depth range, and the air volume at 140 cubic meters per minute for the 600 meter to final hole depth range.

5. The rescue drilling technology for mine emergency management according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-skewing measures described in step three shall be implemented. The upper 100-meter drilling section shall be measured every 10-20 meters, and the lower drilling section shall be measured every 30-40 meters. The drilling shall be stopped every 25 meters to check the wear of the drill bit and the stabilizer. The thickness of the sediment at the bottom of the hole shall not exceed 0.10 meters.

6. The rescue drilling technology for mine emergency management according to claim 1, characterized in that: Regarding the frequency and content of inclination measurements described in step four, if the well inclination data exceeds the requirement of 1% per 100 meters, the frequency of inclination measurements should be increased to once every 10 meters. The inclination measurements include the borehole apex angle and azimuth angle. The JJX-3 digital inclinometer has an apex angle measurement range of 0° to 50° with a measurement accuracy of ±0.2°, and an azimuth angle measurement range of 0° to 360°. When the apex angle is between 1° and 3°, the azimuth angle measurement accuracy is ±5°, and when the apex angle is between 3° and 50°, the azimuth angle measurement accuracy is ±3°. The CX-6 wireless gyroscope inclinometer has an apex angle measurement range of 0° to ±60° with a measurement accuracy of ±0.1°, and an azimuth angle measurement range of 0° to 360° with a measurement accuracy of ±2°.

7. The rescue drilling technology for mine emergency management according to claim 1, characterized in that: The small-diameter drill bit self-weight deflection method described in step five requires a 178mm down-the-hole hammer drill bit. The drill bit assembly consists of a 178mm down-the-hole hammer drill bit, a 6-inch impactor, an 89mm drill rod, a 159mm drill collar, a 127mm drill rod, and an active drill rod. During drilling, the upper drill bit is positioned in the center of the borehole by the padding effect of the upper stabilizer. The lower small-diameter drill bit sags and bends under its own weight, causing the 178mm down-the-hole hammer drill bit to form an angle with the original borehole centerline. This generates a corrective force on the drill bit, forcing the borehole to sag, thereby reducing the borehole apex angle.

8. The rescue drilling technology for mine emergency management according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the vertical well drilling described in step six is ​​completed, the coordinates of the vertical well and the directional well need to be re-measured. High-precision measuring instruments are used to ensure that the coordinate error is no more than 0.1 meters. Before directional drilling, multiple inclination measurements are performed on the vertical section of the horizontal well. The borehole profile is then corrected based on the inclination measurement data to reduce systematic errors.

9. The rescue drilling technology for mine emergency management according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cuttings removal operation described in step seven involves using a large air volume for percussion, with a percussion time of no less than 20 minutes, to ensure that the rock cuttings inside the hole are fully discharged and that the thickness of the sediment at the bottom of the hole is no more than 0.05 meters.