High and middle section fan-shaped deep hole stoping method for chamber construction

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mining processes, in particular to a high and middle section fan-shaped deep hole stoping method for chamber construction, which comprises the following steps: S1, rock drilling level stoping preparation and ore removal level stoping preparation are arranged, rock drilling chambers are constructed in two chambers on the rock drilling level, and slotting chambers containing chamber horizontal cutting grooves are constructed in each chamber, a connection roadway used for ventilation and pedestrians is constructed in the middle of the two chambers, a shared ore removal roadway is constructed for the two chambers on the ore removal level, an ore receiving roadway is constructed for each chamber, and a cutting roadway and a plurality of ore removal channels are constructed in each chamber. According to the method, the work amount of accurate mining of the chambers is small, the mining-cutting ratio is low, the accurate mining cost is low, uniform blasting lumpiness, low boulder yield and low secondary crushing cost are achieved in the aspect of blasting, the drilling quantity of drilled holes is small, the drilling cost is low, damage of blasting to the sides of the chambers is small, and the chambers are good in stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining technology, specifically to a method for high- and mid-level fan-shaped deep-hole mining in mine construction. Background Technology

[0002] In the mining process, blasting is required. Drilling tunnels are located below the stope pillars, drilling deep, parallel or fan-shaped vertical holes to extract ore. Drilling rigs are concentrated at one drilling level, making the drilling tunnel layout simple, easy to move and operate, and labor-saving for loading explosives; however, the holes are deep, prone to deviation, resulting in poor blasting effect, high block ratio, and greater damage to the ore pillars.

[0003] In the 1970s, Canada applied a new technology for staged rock drilling and ore extraction, which involved high-pressure pneumatic down-the-hole drilling rigs, large-diameter deep holes, spherical explosive charges, and downward funnel horizontal stratification. This technology is called the Vertical Deep Hole Down-the-Function Horizontal Stratification Staged Stope Method, or VCR mining method for short.

[0004] Existing VCR mining methods result in low borehole utilization, are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and cannot remove interbedded rocks between ore bodies during mining, leading to high dilution rates and low ore grades from the stops. This also affects the stable production of the beneficiation plant and increases mining costs. Furthermore, VCR mining methods have a large number of stops and a long mining cycle when mining gently dipping thin ore bodies in the high-level stages, which is not conducive to production organization. Therefore, they do not meet the current requirements. To address this, we propose a high- and mid-level fan-shaped deep-hole mining method for stop construction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for high- and mid-level fan-shaped deep-hole mining in stope construction, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, such as low drilling utilization, time and labor costs, inability to remove interbedded rocks between ore bodies during mining, resulting in high dilution rate and low ore grade from the stope, which affects the stable production of the beneficiation plant and leads to high mining costs. At the same time, the VCR mining method has a large number of stops and a long mining cycle when mining gently dipping thin ore bodies in the high stage, which is not conducive to production organization.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for high-medium level fan-shaped deep-hole mining in stope construction, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Arrange the drilling level and the ore extraction level. At the drilling level, construct drilling chambers in both ore blocks and construct a slotting chamber containing a horizontal cutting groove in each ore block. Construct a connecting roadway for ventilation and pedestrians in the middle of the two ore blocks. At the ore extraction level, construct a shared ore extraction roadway for the two ore blocks and a receiving roadway in each ore block. Construct a cutting roadway and multiple ore extraction channels in each ore block.

[0008] S2: Opening fan-shaped deep holes. Using the first down-the-hole drill rig, multiple upward and downward fan-shaped deep holes are opened in the two mining blocks. Each row of the upward fan-shaped deep holes has 17 blast holes. Due to the increase in the number of holes, in order to avoid the hole spacing being too small to be able to construct, the 17 blast holes in each row are evenly distributed to sub-rows A and B, with a row spacing of 0.3m between sub-rows. During blasting, sub-rows A and B are regarded as equivalent to one row of holes. Each row of the downward fan-shaped deep holes has 18 blast holes. In order to avoid the hole spacing being too small to be able to construct, each row of holes is distributed to sub-rows C, D and E.

[0009] S3: Construction and blasting of the mine cutting riser. The second down-the-hole drill rig is used to construct the mine cutting riser. The mine cutting riser is blasted in stages using a detonation network with continuous charging. The horizontal cutting groove of the mine is drilled and blasted. 140mm diameter emulsion explosive cartridges are used for interval charging. The charging structure is 2 cartridges and 1 cartridge with a bamboo pole in between. The explosion is carried out in 3 stages. The detonation network is the same as that for the cutting riser blasting.

[0010] S4: Upward fan-shaped deep hole blasting, the upward fan-shaped deep hole is loaded with heavy ammonium nitrate explosive, and then the detonating bomb is used to detonate at the bottom of the upward fan-shaped deep hole.

[0011] S5: Downward fan-shaped deep hole blasting. Heavy ammonium nitrate explosive is loaded into the downward fan-shaped deep hole. After the bottom of the downward fan-shaped deep hole is blocked with a spherical plugger, the detonation operation is carried out through the detonation network.

[0012] Preferably, the two stops are a first stope and a second stope, which are formed by dividing the ore body along the strike of the panel. The two drilling chambers are arranged parallel to the strike of the ore body. The cross-sectional dimensions of the drilling chamber are 6m*3.9m, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the cutting chamber are 5m*3.8m. The cross-sectional shape of both the drilling chamber and the cutting chamber is 1 / 4 arch. The first stope and the second stope are connected by a connecting roadway.

[0013] Preferably, the ore outlet roadway and the two ore receiving roadways are arranged along the strike of the ore body. The cross-sectional dimensions of the ore receiving roadway are 4.2m*3.6m, the cross-sectional dimensions of the ore outlet roadway are 4.5m*3.6m, and the cross-sectional shape of both the ore outlet roadway and the ore receiving roadway is a 1 / 3 arch shape.

[0014] Preferably, the diameter of the upward fan-shaped deep hole is 76mm, the row spacing of the plurality of upward fan-shaped deep holes is 2.0m, the bottom distance of the holes is 1.9-2.5m, the row spacing between the A sub-row and the B sub-row is 0.3m, and the bottom height of the upward fan-shaped deep hole is 36m.

[0015] Preferably, the diameter of the downward fan-shaped deep hole is 89mm, the row spacing of the plurality of downward fan-shaped deep holes is 2.3m, the hole bottom distance is 2.2-3.0m, and the blasting height of the downward fan-shaped hole is 45m.

[0016] Preferably, the blasting section height of the segmented blasting is 2.0-2.5m, the explosive used in the segmented blasting is an emulsion explosive roll with a diameter of 140mm, and the unit consumption of the cutting well blasting is 4.74kg / t.

[0017] Preferably, the first down-the-hole drill is a KQG100 high-pressure annular down-the-hole drill, the second down-the-hole drill is a T-150, and the mine cutting riser is a downward vertical deep hole with a diameter of 165mm and a depth of 76mm.

[0018] Preferably, the downward deep hole and the upward vertical deep hole are constructed and formed in the cutting groove of the mine cutting riser by the second down-the-hole drill and the first down-the-hole drill, respectively. The depths of the downward deep hole and the upward vertical deep hole are 45m and 36m, respectively, and the diameter of the downward deep hole is 165mm.

[0019] Preferably, the heavy ammonium phosphate explosive is loaded using a BQF-100II explosive loading device, the explosive density of the upward fan-shaped deep hole blasting line is 5 kg / m, the explosive amount per row of upward fan-shaped deep holes is 1.7t, and the explosive consumption per unit is 0.4 kg / t.

[0020] Preferably, the explosive charge density of the downward fan-shaped deep holes is 6.35 kg / m, the explosive charge per row of downward fan-shaped deep holes is 2.3 t, the explosive consumption is 0.35 kg / t, and the detonation network is a hybrid network of detonating cord-millisecond delay detonating cord detonator.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. This invention achieves low mining preparation work volume, low mining-to-cut ratio, low mining preparation cost, and low ore dilution rate by using high- and mid-level fan-shaped deep-hole mining in the ore stope. At the same time, it can achieve uniform blasting block size, low large block rate, and low secondary crushing cost in terms of blasting.

[0023] 2. By planning and constructing fan-shaped deep holes, this invention can achieve the effect of less drilling and lower drilling cost, and minimize the damage to the sidewalls of the stope by blasting, resulting in good stope stability. At the same time, compared with the original VCR mining process, one less drilling chamber can be constructed for each stope, saving the amount of preparation work and reducing construction costs. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a planar schematic diagram of the upward-facing fan-shaped deep hole of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the upward fan-shaped deep hole of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a planar schematic diagram of the downward fan-shaped deep hole of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the downward fan-shaped deep hole of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the perforation plane and cross-section of the horizontal cutting groove in the mine chamber of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the overall construction process of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0031] Please see Figures 1 to 6 The present invention provides an embodiment of a method for high-medium section fan-shaped deep-hole mining in stope construction, comprising the following steps:

[0032] S1: Arrange the drilling level and the ore extraction level. At the drilling level, construct drilling chambers in both ore blocks and cut-out chambers in each ore block. Construct a connecting roadway for ventilation and pedestrians in the middle of the two ore blocks. At the ore extraction level, construct a shared ore extraction roadway for the two ore blocks and a receiving roadway in each ore block. Construct a cutting roadway and multiple ore extraction channels in each ore block.

[0033] S2: Opening fan-shaped deep holes. Using the first down-the-hole drill rig, multiple upward and downward fan-shaped deep holes are opened in the two mining blocks. Each row of the upward fan-shaped deep holes has 17 blast holes. Due to the increase in the number of holes, in order to avoid the hole spacing being too small to be able to construct, the 17 blast holes in each row are evenly distributed to sub-rows A and B, with a row spacing of 0.3m between sub-rows. During blasting, sub-rows A and B are regarded as equivalent to one row of holes. Each row of the downward fan-shaped deep holes has 18 blast holes. In order to avoid the hole spacing being too small to be able to construct, each row of holes is distributed to sub-rows C, D and E.

[0034] S3: Construction and blasting of the mine cutting riser. The second down-the-hole drill rig is used to construct the mine cutting riser. The mine cutting riser is blasted in stages using a detonation network with continuous charging. The horizontal cutting groove of the mine is drilled and blasted. 140mm diameter emulsion explosive cartridges are used for interval charging. The charging structure is 2 cartridges and 1 cartridge with a bamboo pole in between. The explosion is carried out in 3 stages. The detonation network is the same as that for the cutting riser blasting.

[0035] S4: Upward fan-shaped deep hole blasting, the upward fan-shaped deep hole is loaded with heavy ammonium nitrate explosive, and then the detonating bomb is used to detonate at the bottom of the upward fan-shaped deep hole.

[0036] S5: Downward fan-shaped deep hole blasting. Heavy ammonium nitrate explosive is loaded into the downward fan-shaped deep hole. After the bottom of the downward fan-shaped deep hole is blocked with a spherical plugger, the detonation operation is carried out through the detonation network.

[0037] Please see Figure 5 The two mining blocks are designated as the first and second blocks, formed by dividing the mining area along the strike of the ore body. Two drilling chambers are set parallel to the strike of the ore body. The cross-sectional dimensions of the drilling chambers are 6m x 3.9m, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the cutting chambers are 5m x 3.8m. Both the drilling chambers and the cutting chambers have a 1 / 4 arch shape. The first and second mining blocks are connected by a connecting roadway. The ore extraction roadway and two receiving roadways are arranged along the strike of the ore body. The cross-sectional dimensions of the receiving roadway are 4.2m x 3.6m, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the ore extraction roadway are 4.5m x 3.6m. Both the ore extraction roadway and the receiving roadway have a 1 / 3 arch shape. Compared with the original VCR mining process, one less drilling chamber needs to be constructed for each mining block, saving about 50% of the preparation work.

[0038] Please see Figures 1 to 4 The diameter of the upward fan-shaped deep holes is 76mm, the row spacing of multiple upward fan-shaped deep holes is 2.0m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.9-2.5m. The row spacing between sub-row A and sub-row B is 0.3m. The bottom pull height of the upward fan-shaped deep holes is 36m. The diameter of the downward fan-shaped deep holes is 89mm, the row spacing of multiple downward fan-shaped deep holes is 2.3m, and the hole bottom distance is 2.2-3.0m. The blasting height of the downward fan-shaped deep holes is 45m. By planning the upward and downward fan-shaped deep holes, the drilling cost can be effectively reduced.

[0039] The blasting section height for segmented blasting is 2.0-2.5m, and the explosive used for segmented blasting is 140mm diameter emulsion explosive rolls. The unit consumption for cutting the riser blasting is 4.74kg / t. The first down-the-hole drill is a KQG100 high-pressure annular down-the-hole drill, and the second down-the-hole drill is a T-150. The stope cutting riser is a downward vertical deep hole with a diameter of 165mm and a depth of 76mm. The downward deep hole and the upward vertical deep hole are constructed and formed in the cutting groove of the stope cutting riser by the second down-the-hole drill and the first down-the-hole drill, respectively. The depths of the downward deep hole and the upward vertical deep hole are 45m and 36m, respectively. The diameter of the downward deep hole is 165mm, which results in less drilling and lower drilling costs.

[0040] Heavy ammonium phosphate explosive (HABFO) is loaded using a BQF-100II charging device. The charge density for the upward fan-shaped deep holes is 5 kg / m, with a charge of 1.7 t per row and an explosive consumption of 0.4 kg / t. The charge density for the downward fan-shaped deep holes is 6.35 kg / m, with a charge of 2.3 t per row and an explosive consumption of 0.35 kg / t. The detonation network is a hybrid network of detonating cord and millisecond delay detonating cord detonators, which effectively reduces blasting costs and achieves uniform blasting block size, low large block rate, and low secondary crushing costs.

[0041] Please refer to Table 1, which shows the amount of explosive charge inside each upward fan-shaped deep hole and the detonation sequence.

[0042] Table 1

[0043] Kong Hao Design tilt angle Design hole depth / m Hole length / m Design charge length / m Design charge weight / kg Detonation sequence 1A 49°46’ 13.42 1.5 11.92 59.6 12 2B 58°59’ 15.49 8 7.49 37.45 11 3A 67°10’ 18.19 5 13.19 65.95 10 4B 74°14 21.75 14 7.75 38.75 8 5A 80°15’ 26.33 1.5 24.83 124.15 7 6B 85°18’ 32.14 14 18.14 90.7 5 7A 8931 32.4 6 26.4 132 3 8B 93°40’ 32.47 14 18.47 92.35 2 9A 97°49 32.72 1.5 31.22 156.1 10B 101°56’ 33.15 14 19.15 95.75 2 11A 106°0’ 33.76 8 25.76 128.8 4 12B 110°0’ 34.51 14 20.51 102.55 5 13A 113°53’ 35.57 1.5 34.07 170.35 6 14B 117°43' 36.79 18 18.79 93.95 8 15A 121°26’ 35 8 27 135 9 16B 125°36’ 29.59 10 19.59 97.95 10 17A 130°8’ 25.2 1.5 23.7 118.5 11

[0044] Please refer to Table 2, which shows the amount of explosive charge inside each downward fan-shaped deep hole and the detonation sequence.

[0045] Table 2

[0046] Kong Hao Design tilt angle Design hole depth Hole length Design charge length Remark Detonation sequence 1D 63°49’ 16.18 1.5 14.68 92.48 11 2C 68°57’ 47.94 8 39.94 251.62 3 3E 72°31’ 46.9 26 20.9 131.67 7 4D 76°9’ 46.07 3 43.07 271.34 4 5C 79°50’ 45.45 26 19.45 122.54 1 6E 83°32’ 45.02 7.5 37.52 236.38 6 7D 87°15’ 44.79 26 18.79 118.38 5 8C 90°59’ 44.74 1.5 43.24 272.41 2 9E 94°42’ 44.89 21 23.89 150.51 8 10D 995 37.49 7 30.49 192.09 9 11C 104°52’ 28.43 12 16.43 103.51 10 12E 112°7’ 21.92 4 17.92 112.90 11 13E 12123’ 17.07 7 10.07 63.44 12 14E 132°34’ 13.62 1.5 12.12 76.36 12 15E 145°26’ 11.08 5 6.08 38.30 13 16E 159°35’ 9.1 1.5 7.6 47.88 13 17E 173°51’ 9.05 5 4.05 25.52 14 18E 185°33’ 9.04 1.5 7.54 47.50 14

[0047] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for high- and mid-level fan-shaped deep-hole mining in stope construction, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Arrange the drilling level and the ore extraction level. At the drilling level, construct drilling chambers in both ore blocks and construct a slotting chamber containing a horizontal cutting groove in each ore block. Construct a connecting roadway for ventilation and pedestrians in the middle of the two ore blocks. At the ore extraction level, construct a shared ore extraction roadway for the two ore blocks and a receiving roadway in each ore block. Construct a cutting roadway and multiple ore extraction channels in each ore block. S2: Opening fan-shaped deep holes. Using the first down-the-hole drill rig, multiple upward and downward fan-shaped deep holes are opened in the two mining blocks. Each row of the upward fan-shaped deep holes has 17 blast holes. Due to the increase in the number of holes, in order to avoid the hole spacing being too small to be able to construct, the 17 blast holes in each row are evenly distributed to sub-rows A and B, with a row spacing of 0.3m between sub-rows. During blasting, sub-rows A and B are regarded as equivalent to one row of holes. Each row of the downward fan-shaped deep holes has 18 blast holes. In order to avoid the hole spacing being too small to be able to construct, each row of holes is distributed to sub-rows C, D and E. S3: Construction and blasting of the mine cutting riser. The second down-the-hole drill rig is used to construct the mine cutting riser. The mine cutting riser is blasted in stages using a detonation network with continuous charging. The horizontal cutting groove of the mine is drilled and blasted. 140mm diameter emulsion explosive cartridges are used for interval charging. The charging structure is 2 cartridges and 1 cartridge with a bamboo pole in between. The explosion is carried out in 3 stages. The detonation network is the same as that for the cutting riser blasting. S4: Upward fan-shaped deep hole blasting, the upward fan-shaped deep hole is loaded with heavy ammonium nitrate explosive, and then the detonating bomb is used to detonate at the bottom of the upward fan-shaped deep hole. S5: Downward fan-shaped deep hole blasting. Heavy ammonium nitrate explosive is loaded into the downward fan-shaped deep hole. After the bottom of the downward fan-shaped deep hole is blocked with a spherical plugger, the detonation operation is carried out through the detonation network.

2. The method for high- and mid-level sector-shaped deep-hole mining in stope construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two stops are designated as the first stope and the second stope, which are formed by dividing the ore body along the strike of the panel. The two drilling chambers are arranged parallel to the strike of the ore body. The cross-sectional dimensions of the drilling chamber are 6m*3.9m, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the slotting chamber are 5m*3.8m. Both the drilling chamber and the slotting chamber have a 1 / 4 arch shape. The first stope and the second stope are connected by a connecting roadway.

3. The method for high- and mid-level sector-shaped deep-hole mining in stope construction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ore-exit roadway and the two ore-receiving roadways are arranged along the strike of the ore body. The cross-sectional dimensions of the ore-receiving roadway are 4.2m*3.6m, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the ore-exit roadway are 4.5m*3.6m. The cross-sectional shape of both the ore-exit roadway and the ore-receiving roadway is a 1 / 3 arch shape.

4. The method for high- and mid-level sector-shaped deep-hole mining in stope construction according to claim 3, characterized in that: The diameter of the upward fan-shaped deep hole is 76mm, the row spacing of the multiple upward fan-shaped deep holes is 2.0m, and the bottom distance of the holes is 1.9-2.5m. The row spacing between the A sub-row and the B sub-row is 0.3m, and the bottom height of the upward fan-shaped deep hole is 36m.

5. A method for high- and mid-level sector-shaped deep-hole mining in stope construction according to claim 4, characterized in that: The diameter of the downward fan-shaped deep hole is 89mm, the row spacing of the multiple downward fan-shaped deep holes is 2.3m, the hole bottom distance is 2.2-3.0m, and the blasting height of the downward fan-shaped hole is 45m.

6. The method for high- and mid-level sector-shaped deep-hole mining in stope construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The blasting section height of the segmented blasting is 2.0-2.5m, the explosive used in the segmented blasting is an emulsion explosive roll with a diameter of 140mm, and the unit consumption of the cutting well blasting is 4.74kg / t.

7. A method for high- and mid-level sector-shaped deep-hole mining in stope construction according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first down-the-hole drill is a KQG100 high-pressure annular down-the-hole drill, and the second down-the-hole drill is a T-150. The mine cutting riser is a downward vertical deep hole with a diameter of 165mm and a depth of 76mm.

8. A method for high- and mid-level sector-shaped deep-hole mining in stope construction according to claim 7, characterized in that: The downward deep hole and the upward vertical deep hole are constructed and formed in the cutting groove of the mine cutting riser by the second down-the-hole drilling rig and the first down-the-hole drilling rig, respectively. The depths of the downward deep hole and the upward vertical deep hole are 45m and 36m, respectively, and the diameter of the downward deep hole is 165mm.

9. A method for high- and mid-level sector-shaped deep-hole mining in stope construction according to claim 8, characterized in that: The heavy ammonium phosphate explosive is loaded using a BQF-100II loading device. The explosive density of the upward fan-shaped deep hole blasting line is 5 kg / m, the explosive charge per row of upward fan-shaped deep holes is 1.7t, and the explosive consumption per unit is 0.4 kg / t.

10. A method for high- and mid-level sector-shaped deep-hole mining in stope construction according to claim 9, characterized in that: The explosive charge density of the downward fan-shaped deep hole is 6.35 kg / m, the explosive charge per row of downward fan-shaped deep holes is 2.3 t, the explosive consumption is 0.35 kg / t, and the detonation network is a hybrid network of detonating cord-millisecond delay detonating cord detonator.

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